[Slideshare] akhlaq-course (august-2013-batch) -lesson# 6 (a) -types-of-nafs-(2-october-2013)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

““INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ‘OF ‘ILM -AL-AKHLAQ ILM -AL-AKHLAQ ””

Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 6 (a) – LESSON # 6 (a) –

“VARIOUS STATES OF THE NAFS”

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OFINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ‘‘ILM AL-AKHLAQILM AL-AKHLAQ

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

“Verily! You (Muhammad) are upon the most exalted (Khuluq) disposition.”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)) UPDATED 2 OCT 2013UPDATED 2 OCT 2013

1. Learning is organic, and new lesson are taught to expand

further from what has previously been covered. In Qur’anic

classes, students had to revise first the previous lessons

before being taught further. If their revision is not favorable,

the teacher will not proceed to teach any new lesson.

2. You are to refer to your notes and the PowerPoint slides

available.

3. From the list of topic or sub-topics, as reference for your

group – discuss and prepare to do a brief presentation to

the class for each topics or sub-topics.

““Can I get to know Can I get to know you ? What have you ? What have

we learnt?”we learnt?”

You are given only You are given only 30 minutes 30 minutes to complete this assignmentto complete this assignment

TAMRINTAMRIN

(EXERCISE)

(EXERCISE)

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)

STORY OF THE ANIMALSTORY OF THE ANIMALIN THE FARMIN THE FARM

HOW IS A PERSON’S “KHULUQ ” (NATURAL DISPOSITION ) DEVELOPED?

TAUHEEDIC PARADIGM


ESSENCE OF MAN IS THE SPIRITUAL (SOUL)

LESSON # 4a – LESSON # 4a –

ABOUT THE ‘NAFS’ (SELF)


LESSON # 4a – LESSON # 4a –

ABOUT THE ‘NAFS’ (SELF)

LESSON # 5 – LESSON # 5 – MANAGE & CONTROL YOUR POWER OR BE CONTROLLED BY THEM

BEWARE OF SATAN YOUR AVOWED ENEMY


TO CONTINUE LESSON # 6 (a) – TO CONTINUE LESSON # 6 (a) –


‘‘Ulama Ulama (scholars) of (scholars) of Tasawwuf/ ‘Ilmul AhklaqTasawwuf/ ‘Ilmul Ahklaq, have identified , have identified

various states in which the human “various states in which the human “NafsNafs” (self) may be in. It does ” (self) may be in. It does

not mean that there are many “not mean that there are many “nafsnafs” in a person, but it simply ” in a person, but it simply

means to describe the nature of characteristic of the “means to describe the nature of characteristic of the “NafsNafs” which ” which

can be subjected to change. can be subjected to change.

Perhaps we can describe this state as the dominant “Perhaps we can describe this state as the dominant “moodmood” of ” of

our “our “NafsNafs”. One has to be aware of one’s state – termed as “”. One has to be aware of one’s state – termed as “HaalHaal”. ”.

From the lower imperfect state, one has to strive to overcome them From the lower imperfect state, one has to strive to overcome them

thereby attaining towards the subsequent level until one reaches thereby attaining towards the subsequent level until one reaches

the higher and perfect state.the higher and perfect state.



As explained previously “Nafs” is that “consciousness that is

you”. The state of our consciousness in our nafs (self) varies

according to its development. Because man is firstly aware of

himself, naturally he seeks to satisfy his self due to tendencies

motivated by the inherent powers within him which is constantly

developing.

His awareness of himself is naturally stronger than the awareness

of others. Thus his impulses are primarily concern with only

fulfilment of its own desires and satisfaction.


If this obsession continues while he is still oblivious to the

relationship with others besides himself, unconcerned as to its moral

implication, whether it is detrimental to others or not, not even

caring about the effect that his present actions will have on his

future, etc. - the danger of such a trait in that person is obvious.

This state is basic in everyone, and serves as the motivation for it

to incite man towards acting out his will and desire. This is called

“nafs al-am-marah”- the commanding self.


Concerning this state of the nafs (self), it is stated in the Holy

Qur’an:


““And yet, I am not trying to absolve myself: for, verily, man's inner And yet, I am not trying to absolve myself: for, verily, man's inner

self (self (NAFS -AMMARAHNAFS -AMMARAH), ), does incite [him] to evil, and saved are does incite [him] to evil, and saved are

only they upon whom my Sustainer bestows His grace. only they upon whom my Sustainer bestows His grace. Behold, my Behold, my

Sustainer is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace!“Sustainer is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace!“

((Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53))

It is this uncontrolled impulses which is termed as “It is this uncontrolled impulses which is termed as “Nafs al-Nafs al-

ammarahammarah”, the commanding Self and if not guided, often it is in ”, the commanding Self and if not guided, often it is in

conflict with what the mind regards as a moral good. conflict with what the mind regards as a moral good.

Many of us are still in this state - impulsive selfish and reckless. Many of us are still in this state - impulsive selfish and reckless.

We don’t seem to want to (reason) give a thought to what we We don’t seem to want to (reason) give a thought to what we

are doing. Our only concern is to be able to satisfy ourselves. are doing. Our only concern is to be able to satisfy ourselves.


We pamper our Self or Ego and regard it to be We pamper our Self or Ego and regard it to be THETHE most most

important consideration. important consideration.

We forget who we actually are, and in Whose presence we exist. We forget who we actually are, and in Whose presence we exist.

We may even entertain a grandiose notion of our bloated Ego - “We may even entertain a grandiose notion of our bloated Ego - “ I am I am

better than hebetter than he” not by any moral or objective standard but because ” not by any moral or objective standard but because

““I feel I am betterI feel I am better”. ”.

Sometimes attributing ourselves a bigger than life importance, Sometimes attributing ourselves a bigger than life importance,

carrying ourselves about with an air of arrogance. Even our carrying ourselves about with an air of arrogance. Even our

expectations from others also may be of the unrealistic kind. expectations from others also may be of the unrealistic kind.


We sometimes tend to be overly sensitive, even “paranoia”;

entertaining to our suspicion - where benefit of doubt should be

given to others. We harbour “conspiracy theories” and easily accept

evil suggestions and whisperings of Satan and of bad people inciting

enmity and conflict, judging others without evidence.

Our capacity to “love”, which is a natural trait or tendency within

us - is wholly directed more to our Self. We look at ourselves always

as perfect and unblemished, and expecting others to look at us

likewise.


We expect praises for ourselves and resent (even become angry) at

any form of criticism even though it is well-meant and true!

Instead of reflecting and considering upon what is being said, we

immediately react impulsively because our feelings are “hurt”; our

bloated Ego is punctured.

Some resent because of “who” is saying it rather than “what” is

being said, because in his estimation, the other person is lesser than

he.

With this deluded self-admiration, advice from others to reform in

him whatever shortcomings, will be difficult if not impossible.


Thus, a person whose Thus, a person whose NafsNafs (self) is in this state, is emotionally (self) is in this state, is emotionally

and directly linked to his “and directly linked to his “QuwwahQuwwah” (innate powers) which ” (innate powers) which

automatically transform it into reaction with his organs. automatically transform it into reaction with his organs.

His tongue, his hands and all other organs are enslaved to follow His tongue, his hands and all other organs are enslaved to follow

the dictates of this commanding Self. He or she will become very the dictates of this commanding Self. He or she will become very

impulsive, hasty and quick to temper.impulsive, hasty and quick to temper.

Reason and thought processes are completely ignored.Reason and thought processes are completely ignored.


Relationship with the SelfRelationship with the Self

THE WORLDTHE WORLD

TIMETIME

SELFSELFBODYBODY

TONGUETONGUE

MINDMINDDESIREDESIRE

HEARTHEART

Initial traits Initial traits ::[1] Appetite, [1] Appetite, [2] Emotion still link to needs,[2] Emotion still link to needs,[3] curiosity, memory,[3] curiosity, memory,[4] imitative, see, listen & do,[4] imitative, see, listen & do,[5] application of[5] application ofbasic sensory feelingsbasic sensory feelings

NAFS al-AMMARAH NAFS al-AMMARAH (Commanding self)(Commanding self)

Link to various Link to various QuwwahQuwwah (powers): (powers):

[1] [1] shahwiyyashahwiyya (desires)(desires)[2] [2] ghadabiyyaghadabiyya (anger)(anger)[3] [3] WahmiyahWahmiyah (imaginative)(imaginative)[4][4] ‘aqliyya‘aqliyya (thoughts)(thoughts)

Importance of linguistics to thoughts:


Relationship with the SelfRelationship with the Self

THE WORLDTHE WORLD

TIMETIME

SELFSELFBODYBODY

TONGUETONGUE

MINDMINDDESIREDESIRE

HEARTHEART

Initial traits Initial traits ::[1] Appetite, [1] Appetite, [2] Emotion still link to needs,[2] Emotion still link to needs,[3] curiosity, memory,[3] curiosity, memory,[4] imitative, see, listen & do,[4] imitative, see, listen & do,[5] application of[5] application ofbasic sensory feelingsbasic sensory feelings

NAFS al-AMMARAH NAFS al-AMMARAH (Commanding self)(Commanding self)

Link to various Link to various QuwwahQuwwah (powers): (powers):

[1] [1] shahwiyyashahwiyya (desires)(desires)[2] [2] ghadabiyyaghadabiyya (anger)(anger)[3] [3] WahmiyahWahmiyah (imaginative)(imaginative)[4][4] ‘aqliyya ‘aqliyya (thoughts)(thoughts)

Importance of linguistics to thoughts:

““He (Allah) has created man: He has imparted He (Allah) has created man: He has imparted unto him articulate thought and speech.” (Q:55: 3-5)unto him articulate thought and speech.” (Q:55: 3-5)


““O you who have believed, O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] do not put [yourselves]

before Allah and His Messenger before Allah and His Messenger but be conscious and but be conscious and

fear Allah (fear Allah (TAQWALLAAHTAQWALLAAH). Indeed, Allah is Hearing ). Indeed, Allah is Hearing

and Knowing.”and Knowing.”

((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)



“HAST THOU ever considered [the kind of man] who HAST THOU ever considered [the kind of man] who

makes his own desires (HAWA)makes his own desires (HAWA) his deity, and whom his deity, and whom

Allah has [thereupon] let go astray, knowing [that his Allah has [thereupon] let go astray, knowing [that his

mind is closed to all guidancemind is closed to all guidance], and whose ], and whose hearing and hearing and

heart He has sealedheart He has sealed, and upon whose , and upon whose sight He has sight He has

placed a veilplaced a veil? Who, then, could guide him after Allah ? Who, then, could guide him after Allah

[has abandoned him]? Will you not, then, ([has abandoned him]? Will you not, then, (TADZAK-TADZAK-

KARUNKARUN) bethink your-selves? “) bethink your-selves? “

((Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 23Qur’an: Jatsiyah: 45: 23))



““ALLURING unto man is the (ALLURING unto man is the (HUB-BUSH – SHAHAWAATHUB-BUSH – SHAHAWAAT) )

enjoyment of worldly desires through women, and enjoyment of worldly desires through women, and

children, and heaped-up treasures of gold and silver, children, and heaped-up treasures of gold and silver,

and horses of high mark, and cattle, and lands. All this and horses of high mark, and cattle, and lands. All this

may be enjoyed in the life of this world (may be enjoyed in the life of this world (DUN-YAADUN-YAA) - but ) - but

the most beauteous of all goals is with Allah. “the most beauteous of all goals is with Allah. “

((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 14Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 14))


““And nothing is the life of this world (And nothing is the life of this world (DUN-YAADUN-YAA) but a ) but a

play and a passing delight; and play and a passing delight; and the life in the hereafter is the life in the hereafter is

by far the better for all who are conscious of Allahby far the better for all who are conscious of Allah

((YATTAQUUNYATTAQUUN) Will you not, then, use your reason? ” ) Will you not, then, use your reason? ”

((Qur’an: An’am: 6: 32Qur’an: An’am: 6: 32))


““O you who have attained to faith! O you who have attained to faith! Respond to the call of Respond to the call of

Allah and the Messenger whenever he calls you unto that Allah and the Messenger whenever he calls you unto that

which will give you lifewhich will give you life; and know that Allah intervenes ; and know that Allah intervenes

between man and [the desires of] his heart, and that unto between man and [the desires of] his heart, and that unto

Him you shall be gathered.”Him you shall be gathered.”

((Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24))


““And recite to them, [O Muhammad], the news of And recite to them, [O Muhammad], the news of him him

to whom we gave [knowledge of] Our signs, but he to whom we gave [knowledge of] Our signs, but he

detached himself from themdetached himself from them; so Satan pursued him, and ; so Satan pursued him, and

he became of the deviators.”he became of the deviators.”

((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 175 Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 175 ))



““And if We had willed, we could have elevated him And if We had willed, we could have elevated him

therebythereby, but he adhered [instead] to the earth and , but he adhered [instead] to the earth and

followed his own desirefollowed his own desire. So his example is like that of . So his example is like that of

the dog: if you chase him, he pants, or if you leave him, the dog: if you chase him, he pants, or if you leave him,

he [still] pants. That is the example of the people who he [still] pants. That is the example of the people who

denied Our signs. So relate the stories that perhaps they denied Our signs. So relate the stories that perhaps they

will give thought.”will give thought.”

((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 176 Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 176 ))



““And keep yourself patient [by being] with those who And keep yourself patient [by being] with those who

call upon their Lord in the morning and the evening, call upon their Lord in the morning and the evening,

seeking His countenance. And let not your eyes pass seeking His countenance. And let not your eyes pass

beyond them, desiring adornments of the worldly life, beyond them, desiring adornments of the worldly life,

and and do not obey one whose heart We have made do not obey one whose heart We have made

heedless of Our remembrance heedless of Our remembrance and who follows his and who follows his

desire (desire (HAWA’HAWA’) and whose affair is ever [in] neglect.”) and whose affair is ever [in] neglect.”

((Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 28Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 28))



The Arab (Bedouins) say, "We have believed The Arab (Bedouins) say, "We have believed

((AA-MAN-NAAA-MAN-NA)." Say, "You have not [yet] )." Say, "You have not [yet]

believed; but say [instead], 'We have submitted believed; but say [instead], 'We have submitted

((AS-LAM-NAAS-LAM-NA),' for faith has not yet entered ),' for faith has not yet entered

your hearts. And if you obey Allah and His your hearts. And if you obey Allah and His

Messenger, He will not deprive you from your Messenger, He will not deprive you from your

deeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving deeds of anything. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving

and Merciful.“and Merciful.“

((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 14 Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 14 ))

MUSLIMMUSLIM

MU’MEENMU’MEEN

MUMUHHSEENSEEN

MUKHLISWEEN

MUTTAQEENMUTTAQEENLEVELS OF ATTAINMENTLEVELS OF ATTAINMENT

TOWARDS STATE OF TOWARDS STATE OF

TAQWATAQWA

Believer

Submission

Best or righteous conduct

Sincerity

God-consciousness or Piety

TASAWWUR ISLAMTASAWWUR ISLAM

All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012)

JAAHILJAAHIL NIFAAQNIFAAQ

KUFUR-NI’MAHKUFUR-NI’MAH GHAFLAHGHAFLAH

SHIRKSHIRK FAASADFAASAD ZOLEEMZOLEEM

MUJREEMMUJREEM

KADZIBKADZIB

ISRAAFISRAAF FAASIQFAASIQ

ITHMITHM

‘ILM – ‘AMAL - MUJAAHADAH


” ”As for those who (As for those who (JAA-HADUJAA-HADU) strive in Us, We ) strive in Us, We

surely guide them to Our paths (surely guide them to Our paths (SUBUU-LANSUBUU-LANA), and A), and

lo! Allah is with the good (lo! Allah is with the good (MUMUHH-SINEE-SINEEN)”N)”

((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 69Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 69))


And they will say: "All praise is due to Allah, who has guided And they will say: "All praise is due to Allah, who has guided

us unto this; for we would certainly not have found the right us unto this; for we would certainly not have found the right

path unless Allah had guided us! Indeed, our Sustainer's path unless Allah had guided us! Indeed, our Sustainer's

Messengers have told us the truth!“Messengers have told us the truth!“

((Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 43Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 43))


TO BE CONTINUED TO BE CONTINUED

““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true

and grant us the ability to follow it.and grant us the ability to follow it.

And make us see Falsehood to be false And make us see Falsehood to be false

and grant us the ability to reject it.”and grant us the ability to reject it.”


O Allah! There is none who can withhold O Allah! There is none who can withhold

what You send, nor send whatever You withholdwhat You send, nor send whatever You withhold


Neither can they guide whom You leave astrNeither can they guide whom You leave astray

Nor can they lead astray whom You have guided


Neither can they give whatever You deprive, Neither can they give whatever You deprive,

nor can they deprive to whom You givenor can they deprive to whom You give


Neither (can any) draw closer those whom You cast,Neither (can any) draw closer those whom You cast,

nor (can any) be cast those whom You draw closernor (can any) be cast those whom You draw closer


O Allah! Bestow upon us from Your blessings, O Allah! Bestow upon us from Your blessings,

and Your mercy, and Your grace and Your and Your mercy, and Your grace and Your

provisions.provisions.


O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight (favours) O Allah! I ask You for the eternal delight (favours)

that never ends nor fades away.that never ends nor fades away.


O Allah! I ask You for provisions (favours) O Allah! I ask You for provisions (favours)

on the Day of deprivation (Hereafter), on the Day of deprivation (Hereafter),

and the safety on the Day of fear (Judgement Day).and the safety on the Day of fear (Judgement Day).


O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evil O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the evil

repercussions of what You have given us and repercussions of what You have given us and

from the evil of what You have deprived us of.from the evil of what You have deprived us of.



"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have "Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have

forgotten or erred. forgotten or erred.

Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which

You laid upon those before us. You laid upon those before us.

Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no

ability to bear. ability to bear.

And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have mercy upon us.

You are our protector, so give us victory over the You are our protector, so give us victory over the

disbelieving people."disbelieving people."


O Allah! Make faith (O Allah! Make faith (iimaniiman) dear to us and beautify it in our hearts ) dear to us and beautify it in our hearts

and make disbelief (and make disbelief (KufrKufr), sinning (), sinning (FusuqFusuq) and rebelliousness () and rebelliousness (`isyan`isyan) )

hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided (hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided (Raa-shi-duunRaa-shi-duun).).


O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims

and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones, and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones,

without tasting humiliation or turmoil.without tasting humiliation or turmoil.


‘‘And (may AllAnd (may Allaah send) salutations and prayers upon Muh send) salutations and prayers upon Muhhammad ammad

and upon the household and upon the household

and companions of Muand companions of Muhhammad ammad

(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).


““Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power!

(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! (He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!

And Peace on the Messengers! And Peace on the Messengers!

And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.” And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”


http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/

http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/

http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/

http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/

http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/ http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/

http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/

http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/ http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/

http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:

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[Slideshare] akhlaq-course (august-2013-batch) -lesson# 6 (a) -types-of-nafs-(2-october-2013)

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