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Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA
Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER,
INDIA
A Slum in Delhi
Definition of a Slum
A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health.
Identification of Slums in Census
• For the purpose of Census, slums have been categorized and defined as of the following three types:
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been formally notified as slum under any act
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
A compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities (Identified).
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
Data on Slum from Census
• It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting and Housing Census are being released
• In Census 2001, information on Slums were released only on demographic characteristics based on the Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of 20,000 by the local authorities at the time of Population Enumeration phase
• In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in all statutory towns irrespective of population size.
Census 2011 Results
• Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns in Census 2011 Slums reported from 2,543 Towns (63%)
• Total Slum Enumeration Blocks (SEBs) in Census 2011 is about 1.08 lakh in the country
• Largest number of Slum EBs reported from Maharashtra (21,359)
Towns Reporting SlumsIndia : Census 2011
• Notified Slums 37,072
• Recognised Slums 30,846
• Identified Slums40,309
Total: 1,08,227 Blocks
Number of Slum Blocks by Type of Slums – India :
Census 2011
• Notified Slums 49.65 lakh HHs
• Recognised Slums 37.96 lakh HHs
• Identified Slums49.88 lakh HHs
Total: 137.49 lakh HHs
Households by Type of Slums – India : Census
2011
Slum & Non-Slum Households
– India 2011 Indicator Number of
households(in lakh)
Total (Urban) 789Slum 137Non-Slum 652
Number of households (in %)Slum 17.4Non-Slum 82.6
Number of Slum Households in Million Plus Cities
Indicator NumberNumber of Slum Households (in lakh)
Total (Slum) 137Slum in Million Plus Cities 52Slum in other Cities 85
Number of Slum Households (in %)
Slum in Million Plus Cities 38.1Slum in other Cities 61.9
38 % of the slum households are in 46 Million Plus Cities
Top/Bottom 5 States Reporting Slum
Households
StateProportion of Slum HHs to Urban HHs
(%)
Andhra Pradesh 35.7Chhattisgarh 31.9Madhya Pradesh 28.3Odisha 23.1West Bengal 21.9
Top 5 States
Bottom 5 States
StateProportion of Slum HHs to
Urban HHs (%)
Chandigarh# 9.7Gujarat 6.7Jharkhand 5.3Assam 4.8Kerala 1.5
Percentage of
Slum HHs to Total Urban HHs
Proportion of Slum Households in Metros - 2011
Million Plus CitiesProportion of Slum HHs to Total Urban
HHs (%)
Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3Kolkata (M Corp.) 29.6Chennai (M Corp.) 28.5Delhi Municipal Corp (U) 14.6BBMP (M Corp.) 8.5
Million Plus Cities with High Proportion of Slum HHs (Top
10 only) - 2011Million Plus Cities Proportion of Slum HHs to
Total Urban HHs (%)
1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp. 44.1
2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB) 43.3
3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3
4. Vijayawada (M Corp.) 40.6
5. Meerut (M Corp.) 40.0
6. Raipur (M Corp.) 39.0
7. Nagpur (M Corp.) 34.3
8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC) 31.9
9. Kota (M Corp.) 31.8
10. Agra (M Corp.) 29.8
INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh)
Use of Census House Urban SlumTotal Occupies Census Houses 990 160Residence 761 133Residence-cum-other use 24 3.9Shop/Office 107 10.8School/College, etc 4 0.5Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 4 0.4Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 3 0.3Factory/ Workshop, etc 15 2Place of worship 6 0.9Other non-residential use 59 8Locked Census Houses 7 1
Use of Occupied Census HousesIndia : 2011
INDIA (in %)
Use of Census House Urban SlumTotal Occupies Census Houses 100.0 100.0Residence 76.9 82.5Residence-cum-other use 2.4 2.4Shop/Office 10.8 6.7School/College, etc 0.4 0.3Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 0.4 0.2Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 0.3 0.2Factory/ Workshop, etc 1.5 1.2Place of worship 0.6 0.6Other non-residential use 6.0 5.1Locked Census House 0.7 0.6
Use of Occupied Census HousesIndia : 2011
A Lane in a Slum
Households by Type of Census Houses – India
Type Urban Slum
Permanent 84.3 77.7
Semi-permanent 11.6 16.0
Temporary 3.2 5.3
Any other 0.9 1.0
HHs (in %)
Slum Household
s by Structure of Census Houses
(Permanent)
View of a Slum in Delhi
Households by Number of Room – India
Number of Room Urban Slum
No exclusive room 3.1 4.4
One room 32.1 44.8
Two room 30.6 29.5
Three room 18.4 12.3
Four room 9.3 5.4
Five rooms and above 6.5 3.5
HHs (in %)
Households by Household Size– India
Household Size Urban Slum
1 member 3.6 3.7
2 members 9.5 9.5
3 members 15.9 14.9
4 members 26.4 25.1
5 members 18.5 19.4
6 to 8 members 20.6 22.2
9 and above members 5.4 5.2
HHs (in %)
Households by Number of Married Couples – India
Number of married couples Urban Slum
None 12.7 13.6
1 71.1 72.1
2 12.6 11.3
3 2.8 2.4
4 0.6 0.5
5 and above 0.2 0.1
HHs (in %)
Households by Ownership Status – India
Ownership Status of Census House Urban Slum
Owned 69.2 70.2
Rented 27.5 26.3
Others 3.3 3.5
HHs (in %)
Source of Drinking Water – India
Source of drinking water Urban Slum
1. Tap 70.6 74.0
From treated source 62.0 65.3
From untreated source 8.6 8.7
2. Well 6.2 3.0
3. Hand pump 11.9 12.7
4. Tube well / Borehole 8.9 7.6
5. Other sources 2.5 2.8
HHs (in %)
Waiting for Water Supply
Location of Drinking Water Source– India
Location Urban Slum
1. Within premises 71.2 56.7
2. Outside premises 28.8 43.3
HHs (in %)
Slum HHs by Location
Drinking Water Source (Within
premises)
Source of Lighting– India
Source of lighting Urban Slum
1. Electricity 92.7 90.5
2. Kerosene 6.5 8.2
3. Solar 0.2 0.3
4. Other oil 0.1 0.2
5. Any other 0.2 0.2
6. No lighting 0.3 0.5
HHs (in %)
Slum HHs by Fuel Used for Cooking
(LPG/PNG)
Availability of Bathing Facility within Premises - India
Bathing Facility Urban Slum
1. Have facility 87.0 81.0
(a) Bathroom 77.5 66.6
(b) Enclosure without roof 9.5 14.5
2. Does not have facility 13.0 19.0
HHs (in %)
Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water Outlet– India
Drainage connectivity Urban Slum
1. Closed drainage 44.5 36.9
2. Open drainage 37.3 44.3
3. No drainage 18.2 18.8
HHs (in %)
Type of Latrine Facility– India
Type of latrine Urban Slum
1. Latrine within the premises 81.4 66.0
(a) Water closet 72.6 57.7
(b) Pit latrine 7.1 6.2
© Other latrine 1.7 2.2
2. No latrine within premises 18.6 34.0
(a) Public latrine 6.0 15.1
(b) Open 12.6 18.9
HHs (in %)
Availability of Kitchen– India
Availability of kitchen Urban Slum
Total 100.0 100.0
1. Cooking inside house: 95.8 94.1
(a) Has kitchen 77.8 65.3
(b) Does not have kitchen 18.0 28.8
2. Cooking outside house 3.7 5.4
(a) Has kitchen 1.6 2.0
(b) Does not have kitchen 2.0 3.4
3. No cooking 0.5 0.5
HHs (in %)
Fuel used for Cooking– India
Fuel used for cooking Urban Slum
1. Fire-wood 20.1 25.82. Crop residue 1.4 1.63. Cow dung cake 1.7 2.14. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2.9 3.95. Kerosene 7.5 14.06. LPG/ PNG 65.0 51.37. Electricity 0.1 0.1
8. Biogas 0.4 0.5
9. Any other 0.2 0.3
10. No cooking 0.5 0.5
HHs (in %)
Households Availing Banking Services– India
Availing Banking Services Urban Slum
1. Availing 67.8 53.2
2. Not availing 32.2 46.8
HHs (in %)
Household Possessing Various Assets – India
Asset Urban Slum
1. Radio/Transistor 25.3 18.72. Television 76.7 69.6
3. Computer 18.7 10.4With Internet 8.3 3.3Without Internet 10.4 7.1
HHs (in %)
Household Possessing Various Assets– India
Asset Urban Slum
5. Telephone 82.0 72.7Landline only 5.9 4.4Mobile only 64.3 63.5Both 11.7 4.8
6. Bicycle 41.9 40.27. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped 35.2 22.08. Car/Jeep/Van 9.7 3.6
9. None of the specified assets 7.0 10.7
HHs (in %)
63.5% HHs in Slums in India
has Mobile
Slum HHs Having
None of the Specified
Assets
Life in a Slum
Life in a Slum
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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