Sources for Huawei global equipment deals with Chinese ......“Siyou hua wei zhong ji jingmao...

Sources for Huawei global equipment deals with Chinese state bank export financing UZ.001

● “Huawei jishu gongsi wancheng dui wuzibieke sitan CDMA450 yidong dianxin wang gaizao” (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. has completed the transformation of Uzbekistan's CDMA450 mobile telecommunication network), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Uzbekistan, October 9, 2008, available at http://uz.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tupxw/200810/20081005820945.shtml.

● Yau Tsz Yan, “Smart Cities or Surveillance? Huawei in Central Asia,” The Diplomat, August 7, 2019, available at https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/.

● “Huawei yingde wuzibieke sitan CDMA-450 hetong” (Huawei wins Uzbekistan CDMA-450 contract), C114 News, July 11, 2009, available at http://www.c114.com.cn/news/126/a329316.html.

● “Uzmobile completes CDMA450 network upgrade,” New Europe, July 21, 2008, available at https://www.neweurope.eu/article/uzmobile-completes-cdma450-network-upgrade/.

● “Yu zhongguo you hezuo fazhan qianli de hangye, shichang jieshao” (Introduction to industries and markets with potential for cooperation and development with China), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Uzbekistan, January 26, 2007, available at http://uz.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/200701/20070104316265.shtml.

BI.001

● Vivien Foster, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen, and Nataliya Pushak, “Building Bridges: China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-Saharan Africa,” The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, April 19, 2009, pp. 126–127, available at https://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9780821375549/127.

● “Huawei gongsi yu bulongdi zhengshi qianshu GSM yidong tongxun xiangmu hetong” (Huawei and Burundi formally sign a GSM mobile communications project contract), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Burundi, May 18, 2004, available at http://bi.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200405/20040500222379.shtml.

● “Huawei gongsi zaici yingde bulongdi yidong tongxun shebei xiangmu” (Huawei wins Burundi's mobile communications equipment project again), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, April 30, 2007, PDF on file with authors.

● “Huawei gongsi chengdan de bulongdi TELECEL yidong tongxun shebei de genghuan xiangmu tongguo yanshou” (Huawei undertakes Burundi's TELECEL communications equipment replacement project and undergoes acceptance check), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, November 17, 2004, PDF on file with authors.

TN.001

● “Zhongguo jin chukou yinhang yu tunisi dianxin qianshu youhui daikuan jiedai xieyi” (The Export-Import Bank of China and Tunis Telecom signed a preferential loan loan agreement), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Tunisia, March 12, 2004, available at http://tn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200403/20040300194450.shtml.

● Paul Hubbard, “Aiding Transparency: What We Can Learn About China Exim Bank’s Concessional Loans” (Washington: Center for Global Development, 2007), available at https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/14424_file_AidingTransparency.pdf.

GN.004

● “Jineiya dianxin ye jiankuang” (Brief Introduction of Guinea's Telecommunications Industry), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Guinea, November 4, 2015, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ddgk/201511/20151101155693.shtml.

● “Siyou hua wei zhong ji jingmao guanxi dai lai de xin jiyu” (Privatization brings new opportunities to China-Guinea economic and trade relations), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Guinea, June 5, 2006, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/ztdy/200606/20060602363562.html.

NG.002

● “Zhongguo qiye kaita niriliya tongxun shichang de xianzhuang, cunzai wenti ji jianyi” (Status Quo, Existing Problems, and Suggestions for Chinese Enterprises Exploring the Nigerian Communication Market), Economic and Trade Consulate General of the People’s Republic of China in Lagos, March 26, 2006, available at http://ng.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/slfw/200603/20060301752083.html.

NG.007

● “Huawei yu niriliya qian CDMA450 xieyi jiazhi 2 yi meiyuan” (Huawei and Nigeria sign CDMA450 agreement worth US$200 million), Sina, April 18, 2005, available at http://tech.sina.com.cn/t/2005-04-18/1647586020.shtml.

● “Zhongguo qiye kaita niriliya tongxun shichang de xianzhuang, cunzai wenti ji jianyi” (Status Quo, Existing Problems, and Suggestions for Chinese Enterprises Exploring the Nigerian Communication Market), Economic and Trade Consulate General of the People’s Republic of China in Lagos, March 26, 2006, available at http://ng.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/slfw/200603/20060301752083.html.

● “Niriliya tongxun bu caiyong huawei CDMA450 kaizhan pubian fuwu” (Nigerian Ministry of Communications adopts Huawei CDMA450 for universal service), eNet, March 15, 2005, available at http://www.enet.com.cn/article/2005/0415/A20050415408668.shtml.

● “Huawei adds another contract to its Nigerian portfolio,” Comms Update, April 18, 2005, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2005/04/18/huawei-adds-another-contract-to-its-nigerian-portfolio/.

● Qin Jize, “Nigerian satellite for launch from Xichang,” China Daily, April 15, 2005, available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-04/15/content_434402.htm.

● Reuters Germany, “Africa deals by China's biggest vendors in Africa,” February 15, 2011, available at https://de.reuters.com/article/us-africa-china-telecoms-fb/factbox-africa-deals-by-chinas-biggest-vendors-in-africa-idUKTRE71E4YM20110215.

● Ken Nwogbo, “Nigeria: Huawei Technologies Wires Nigeria With N27b,” AllAfrica, April 21, 2005, available at https://allafrica.com/stories/200504210132.html.

KH.001

● “Chinese Huawei signs contract with Cambodia's mobile operator,” Xinhua, September 29, 2005, available at http://en.people.cn/200509/29/eng20050929_211451.html.

● “AZCOM awards Huawei USD30 million deal,” Comms Update, September 29, 2005, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2005/09/29/azcom-awards-huawei-usd30-million-deal/.

UZ.002

● “Guojia kaifa yinhang” (China Development Bank), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Uzbekistan, June 16, 2011, available at http://uz.mofcom.gov.cn/article/catalog/201008/20100807080906.shtml.

GN.001

● “China gives Guinea 9m dollars for state communication project,” BBC, December 28, 2006, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhong ji liang guo qianshu yuan ji zhengfu wang youhui daikuan kuangjia xieyi” (China and Guinea signed a framework agreement on preferential loans to aid Guinea government network), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Guinea, January 8, 2007, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/200701/20070104238386.shtml.

KE.002

● “Assisting African governments to promote the development of their local telecom industry,” Huawei, available at http://market.huawei.com/hwgg/focac/social.html (last accessed October 2020).


● “China Lends Kenya Sh3.2b,” AllAfrica, January 24, 2006, available at https://allafrica.com/stories/200601231417.html.

● “External Public Debt Register as at 30th June 2012,” Republic of Kenya National Debt Management Department, June 30, 2012, available at https://www.treasury.go.ke/publications/pdmo/category/41-external-public-debt-register.html?download=149:external-public-debt-register-2012.

SL.001 ● “Zhongguo yu selali'ang qianshu youhui daikuan kuangjia xieyi” (China and Sierra Leone sign a

preferential loan framework agreement), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Sierra Leone, December 22, 2006, available at http://sl.china-embassy.org/chn/zxxx/t284694.htm.

● “Zhongguo zhengfu xiang selali'ang zhengfu tigong youhui daikuan de kuangjia xieyi zai fu li dun qianding” (A framework agreement for the Chinese government to provide preferential loans to the government of Sierra Leone was signed in Freetown), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, December 22, 2006, PDF on file with authors.

SN.001

● “Assisting African governments to promote the development of their local telecom industry,” Huawei, available at http://market.huawei.com/hwgg/focac/social.html (last accessed October 2020).

● Alistair Thomson, “China signs $90 mln Senegal deals, buys peanut oil,” Reuters, February 14, 2009, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhongguo yuan jian saineijia'er de dianzi zhengwu wang xiangmu zhengshi jiaojie” (The Chinese-aided e-government network project in Senegal is officially handed over), The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China, July 11, 2009, available at http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2009-07/11/content_1362772.htm.

TN.002


● “Huawei fafang 5000 wan yuan zhengfu daikuan jinjun tunisi dianxin” (Huawei issues 50 million yuan government loan to enter Tunisia Telecom), C114 News, January 23, 2006, available at http://www.c114.com.cn/news/126/a104963.html.

● “Huawei gongsi zai tunisi zaici zhongbiao dianxin xiangmu” (Huawei wins the bid for telecommunications project again in Tunisia), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Tunisia, August 5, 2004, available at http://tn.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/jmxw/200408/20040800259976.html.

UG.001

● “Management of Public Debt by Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development,” The Republic of Uganda, Office of the Auditor General, March 2015, available at http://www.oag.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Management-of-Public-Debt.pdf.

● “Huawei delivers Uganda fiber Internet backbone,” New Vision, October 10, 2011, available at https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1002585/huawei-delivers-uganda-fiber-internet-backbone.

● “Huawei chengjian zhongguo yuanzhu wuganda zhengfu gugan wang gongcheng” (Huawei undertakes China's assistance to Uganda government backbone network project), OfWeek, October 10, 2011, available at http://mp.ofweek.com/fiber/a034572212205.

UG.002 ● “Management of Public Debt by Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development,”

The Republic of Uganda, Office of the Auditor General, March 2015, available at http://www.oag.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Management-of-Public-Debt.pdf.

● “China plays critical role in advancing Uganda's ICT development,” Xinhua, April 16, 2019, available at http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/16/c_137981536.htm.

● “Implementation in crisis: How can the National Transmission Backbone Infrastructure be realized?”, The Republic of Uganda Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, May 2015, available at https://finance.go.ug/sites/default/files/Publications/BMAU%20Briefing%20Paper%2014-15%20-%20%E2%80%9CImplementation%20in%20crisis.%E2%80%9D%20How%20can%20the%20National%20Transmission%20Backbone%20Infrastructure%20be%20realized.pdf.

● “Zhongguo tongxin jishu zhuli wuganda jingji fazhan” (China's communications technology boosts Uganda's economic development), Xinhua, May 9, 2019, available at http://m.xinhuanet.com/2019-05/09/c_1124470714.htm.

● “Report on the Alleged Irregular Procurement of TETRA Communication Walkie Talkies System for CHOGM,” Parliament of the Republic of Uganda, November 2007, available at https://www.igg.go.ug/static/files/publications/CHOGM_TALKIE.pdf.

● “Report of the Committee on National Economy on the Proposal by the Government to Borrow up to SDR 54.4 million (US$ 75.0 million) from the International Development Association to Support the Regional Communications Infrastructure Program Phase V,” Parliament of Uganda, available at https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/browser?id=2efbc90a-d94e-4c8c-a625-b0e05194fea5%3B1.0.

UG.003

● “Report of the Committee on National Economy on the Proposal by the Government to Borrow up to SDR 54.4 million (US$ 75.0 million) from the International Development Association to Support the Regional Communications Infrastructure Program Phase V,” Parliament of Uganda, available at https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/browser?id=2efbc90a-d94e-4c8c-a625-b0e05194fea5%3B1.0.

● “Wuganda diaocha huawei chengjian tongxin guangxian wang gongcheng” (Uganda investigates Huawei's construction of optical fiber network project), BBC, April 21, 2010, available at https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world/2010/04/100421_uganda_huawei.

● “Duiwai touzi hezuo guo bie (diqu) zhinan wuganda (2019 nianban)” (Guide to Foreign Investment Cooperation Countries (Regions) Uganda (2019 edition)), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, 2019, available at http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/wuganda.pdf.

CI.001

● “Huawei launches data center in Cote d'Ivoire,” People’s Daily Europe, November 10, 2012, available at http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-11/10/content_15910196.htm.

● “Huawei opens data centre in Ivory Coast,” Telecompaper, November 12, 2012, available at https://www.telecompaper.com/news/huawei-opens-data-centre-in-ivory-coast--907351.

● “Zhang dashi kaocha huawei gongsi chengjian de ke zhengfu dianzi zhengwu wang shuju zhongxin he zhong haiwai gongsi chengjian de ‘xiehe xiaoqu’ zhufang xiangmu” (Ambassador Zhang inspected the data center of Cote d’Ivoire e-government network contracted by Huawei and the housing project of ‘Concord Community’ contracted by China Overseas Company), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, September 22, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhongguo yu ketediwa qianshu 3 xiang jingji jishu hezuo xieding” (China and Cote d'Ivoire sign 3 economic and technological cooperation agreements), News-163, November 9, 2007, PDF on file with authors.

CM.004

● Jean-Pierre Cabestan, “China–Cameroon relations: Fortunes and limits of an old political complicity,” South African Journal of International Affairs, March 6, 2015, available at http://gis.hkbu.edu.hk/files/Cabestan%20as%20published%20online%205%20March.pdf.

● State visit of the President of the Republic of Cameroon H. E. Paul BIYA to China press kit, Government of the People’s Republic of China, March 22, 2018, available at https://www.prc.cm/files/fa/c9/dd/5b5f1f848311df1018fb47303e748480.pdf.

● “Huangzhangqing dashi yuejian kamailong youdian guowu buzhang” (Ambassador Huang Changqing met with the Minister of State for Posts and Telecommunications of Cameroon), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, August 4, 2008, PDF on file with authors.

● “Huawei gongsi yu kamailong dianxin hezuo chengguo fengfu” (The cooperation between Huawei and Cameroon Telecom has achieved fruitful results), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, February 26, 2008, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/zzjg/200802/20080205395337.shtml.

GH.002

● “eGovernment Network Infrastructure,” National Informational Technology Agency, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20170920033830/http:/nita.gov.gh/projects/jurong-logistics-hub/ (last accessed October 2020).

● “Zhuanjia pinglun zhongguo xiang jiana tigong youhui daikuan” (Experts comment on China providing preferential loans to Ghana), China Daily, June 20, 2006, available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqpl/2006-06/20/content_621859.htm.

● “Ghana: Huawei to build north-south fibre cable,” Balancing Act, September 10, 2004, available at https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/telecoms-en/18727/ghana-huawei-to-build-north-south-fibre-cable.

● “Huawei chengbao jiana guojia tongxin gugan wang yi qi gongcheng xiangmu kaigong jiancai” (Huawei's contract for the first phase of Ghana's national communications backbone network opens with ribbon cutting), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s

Republic of China in the Republic of Ghana, August 16, 2007, available at http://gh.mofcom.gov.cn/article/slfw/200708/20070804996221.shtml.

KE.001

● “National Optic Fibre Backbone (NOFBI),” ICT Authority of the Kenyan Government, available at http://icta.go.ke/national-optic-fibre-backbone-nofbi/.

● “Profile of the telecommunications market in Kenya - part 6,” Converge! Network Digest, February 23, 2018, available at https://www.convergedigest.com/2018/02/profile-of-telecommunications-market-in_24.html.

● “Chen jian fu buzhang yu ken caizheng bu changwu mishu jin you ya juxing shuangbian huitan” (Vice Minister Chen Jian and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance of Kenya hold bilateral talks), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Kenya, July 3, 2012, available at http://ke.mofcom.gov.cn/article/waimao/201207/20120708208605.shtml.

● “External Public Debt Register as at 30th June 2012,” Republic of Kenya, the National Treasury Debt Management Department, June 30, 2012, available at https://www.treasury.go.ke/publications/pdmo/category/41-external-public-debt-register.html?download=149:external-public-debt-register-2012.

KH.002

● “Da meigonghe ci quyu xinxi gaosu gonglu yi qi gongcheng juxing jungong yishi” (The completion ceremony of the first phase of the Greater Mekong Subregional Information Superhighway project was held), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Cambodia, July 27, 2009, available at http://cb.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/tzdongtai/200907/20090706422871.shtml.

● Kuch Naren, “Telecom Cambodia Inaugurates Fiber Optic Cable,” The Cambodia Daily, July 6, 2010, available at https://english.cambodiadaily.com/news/telecom-cambodia-inaugurates-fiber-optic-cable-99227/.

PL.001

● “Guo kaixing huawei jiang hezuo edu kuo zhi 300 yi meiyuan jiangchaoliang renzhengfei chuxi qianzi” (China Development Bank and Huawei expand the cooperation quota to 30 billion U.S. dollars, Jiang Chaoliang and Ren Zhengfei attended the signing ceremony), ICCSZ, September 23, 2009, available at http://www.iccsz.com/site/cn/News/2009/09/23/20090923000959264250.htm.

● “Guo kaixing tongyi xiang bolan 3G yunying shang daikuan 68 yi yuan” (China Development Bank agrees to loan 6.8 billion yuan to Polish 3G operators), Sina, June 19, 2008, available at http://tech.sina.com.cn/t/2008-06-19/08352268868.shtml.

● Sundeep Tucker, Jamil Anderlini, and Andrew Parker, “Chinese bank backs mobile operator in Poland,” Financial Times, June 18, 2008, available at https://www.ft.com/content/ca5faae8-3d5d-11dd-bbb5-0000779fd2ac.

● “Chinese bank invests in Polish 3G specialist,” Mobile World Live, November 4 2009, available at https://www.mobileworldlive.com/latest-stories/chinese-bank-invests-in-polish-3g-specialist/.

● Thor Bjorgolfsson, Billions to Bust and Back: How I Made, Lost and Rebuilt a fortune, and what I Learned on the Way (London: Profile Books, 2014), pp. 205–206.

● Jan Drahokoupil, Agnieszka McCaleb, Peter Pawlicki, and Ágnes Szunomár, “Huawei in Europe: strategic integration of local capabilities in a global production network,” in Jan Drahokoupil, ed., Chinese investment in Europe: corporate strategies and labour relations (Brussels: European Trade Union Institute, 2017), PDF on file with authors.

● Łukasz Bąk, “W kieszeni u Chińczyka,” Wprost, July 13, 2008, available at https://www.wprost.pl/tygodnik/134030/W-kieszeni-u-Chinczyka.html.

RU.008

● “Annual Report 2009,” Megafon, 2009, available at https://corp.megafon.com/ai/document/7158/file/Annual_Report_2009.pdf.

● “Eluosi Megafon huo guo kaixing 10 yi meiyuan daikuan” (Russia's Megafon gets a US$1 billion loan from China Development Bank), C114, August 18, 2011, available at http://www.c114.com.cn/news/116/a636425.html.

SL.003

● Olusegun Abolaji Ogundeji, “Sierratel Gets $16.6m Worth of Equipment From Huawei,” IDG News Service, June 16, 2008, available at https://www.cio.com/article/2435647/sierratel-gets--16-6m-worth-of-equipment-from-huawei.html.

● “China, Sierra Leone vow to further enhance friendly ties,” CCTV, May 26, 2009, available at http://english.cctv.com/20090526/100993_2.shtml.

UG.005

● “Presentation, Consideration, and Adoption of the Report of the Committee on Tourism, Trade, and Industry on the Ministerial Policy Statements,” Ugandan Parliament, August 26, 2009, available at https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/views/2eaa9872-a172-4cd0-a17a-53b377bafef9%253B1.0.

● “Awori admits Shs 1bn loss in internet deal,” The Observer, March 17, 2010, available at https://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=7720:awori-admits-shs-1bn-loss-in-internet-deal.

● “Report on the Alleged Irregular Procurement of TETRA Communication Walkie Talkies System for CHOGM,” Parliament of the Republic of Uganda, November 2007, available at https://www.igg.go.ug/static/files/publications/CHOGM_TALKIE.pdf.

IN.004

● “Guo kaixing 7.5 Yi meiyuan daikuan zhichi huawei xiang yindu chukou shebei” (China Development Bank's US$750 million loan supports Huawei to export equipment to India), Sina, May 20, 2008, available at http://tech.sina.com.cn/t/2008-05-20/13462205981.shtml.

● “RCom gets $750 m loan from Chinese bank,” Indian Stock Market Blog, May 16, 2008, available at http://ismb-india.blogspot.com/2008/05/rcom-gets-750-m-loan-from-chinese-bank.html.

● “RCOM raises Rs 3k cr from China bank,” The Economic Times, PDF on file with authors. ● “RCOM signs MoU with China Development Bank for 10 year financing of $1.93 billion,” Money

Life, December 15, 2010, available at https://www.moneylife.in/article/rcom-signs-mou-with-china-development-bank-for-10-year-financing-of-193-billion/12293.html.

● Romit Guha, “Anil Ambani Firms Strike Deals Worth $3 Billion With Chinese Banks,” The Wall Street Journal, December 15, 2010, available at https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704694004576020502055418960.

● “Yindu Reliance shouyu huawei 5 yi meiyuan GSM hetong” (India's Reliance awarded Huawei a $500 million GSM contract), Sina, January 24, 2008, available at https://tech.sina.com.cn/t/2008-01-24/22321996067.shtml.

● “Yi huawei, zhongxing wei daibiao de zhongguo dianxin shebei changshang youwang zai 2008 nian zhanju yindu dianxin shebei shichang 1/3 de shichang fen'e” (Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturers represented by Huawei and ZTE are expected to occupy one third of the Indian telecommunications equipment market in 2008), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Mumbai, April 15, 2008, available at http://bombay.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/jmxw/200804/20080405483298.html.

CM.001

● “Cameroon Updates Status of National Fiber Backbone Project,” FOMSN, available at http://www.fomsn.com/fiber-optic-news/fiber/cameroon-updates-status-of-national-fiber-backbone-project/ (last accessed October 2020).

● “Guangxian gugan chuanshu wang xiangmu daikuan xieyi qianshu” (Signed loan agreement for optical fiber backbone transmission network project), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, July 7, 2009, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/todayheader/200907/20090706381581.shtml.

● ‘Kamailong guojia dianxin gongsi huo 30 yi fei lang guangxian kuorong hetong daikuan” (Cameroon National Telecommunications Corporation Receives 3 Billion CFA Franc Optical Fiber Expansion Contract Loan), OfWeek, November 14, 2013, available at https://fiber.ofweek.com/2013-11/ART-210021-8130-28744772.html.

● “Gaoyongqin canzan chuxi kamailong guangxian gugan chuanshu wang jungong qingdian” (Counselor Gao Yongqin attended the completion ceremony of Cameroon's optical fiber backbone transmission network), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, May 9, 2013, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/todayheader/201305/20130500120311.shtml.

● Jean-Pierre Cabestan, China–Cameroon relations: Fortunes and limits of an old political complicity, South African Journal of International Affairs, March 6, 2015, available at http://gis.hkbu.edu.hk/files/Cabestan%20as%20published%20online%205%20March.pdf

● “Huawei élargit son champ d'action au Cameroun” (Huawei expands its scope in Cameroon), Chinafrique, April 2013, available at http://www.chinafrique.com/F_Company_Profile/txt/2013-04/09/content_532776_2.htm.

TG.001

● “Huawei gongsi chengdan de duo ge dianxin yunying xitong gaizao xiangmu juxing kaigong yishi” (The groundbreaking ceremony of the Togo Telecom Operation System Transformation Project undertaken by Huawei), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Togolese Republic, March 14, 2011, available at http://tg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201103/20110307446188.shtml.

● “Huawei gongsi chengjian duo ge dianxin yunying xitong gaizao xiangmu juxing kaigong yishi” (Huawei held a groundbreaking ceremony for the reconstruction project of Togo's telecom operation system), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Togolese Republic, March 14, 2011, available at http://tg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/todayheader/201105/20110507574945.shtml.

RU.006

● “Guo kaixing huawei jiang hezuo edu kuo zhi 300 yi meiyuan jiangchaoliang renzhengfei chuxi qianzi” (China Development Bank and Huawei expand the cooperation quota to 30 billion U.S. dollars, Jiang Chaoliang and Ren Zhengfei attended the signing ceremony), ICCSZ, September 23, 2009, available at http://www.iccsz.com/site/cn/News/2009/09/23/20090923000959264250.htm.

● “Annual Report 2009,” Megafon, 2009, available at https://corp.megafon.com/ai/document/7158/file/Annual_Report_2009.pdf.

● “Weisheme yao pa zhongguo ren zhongguo daikuan dui e you he fengxian” (Why are you afraid of the Chinese? What risks does Chinese loans pose to Russia?), Cankaoxiaoxi, October 21, 2014, available at http://m.cankaoxiaoxi.com/finance/20141021/535181.shtml?fr=mb.

RU.009

● “Eluosi MTS huo zhongguo 2.125 Yi meiyuan daikuan goumai huawei shebei” (Russia's MTS receives a US$212.5 million loan from China to purchase Huawei equipment), C114, December 11, 2009, available at http://www.c114.com.cn/news/116/a466921.html.

● “E zuida yidong tongxun shang jiang goumai huawei gongsi shebei” (Russia's largest mobile communications company will buy Huawei equipment), CEC-CEDA, December 11, 2009, available at http://qyglzz.com/view_news.php?id=605.

● “Form 20-F Mobile Telesystems OJSC,” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, available at http://s22.q4cdn.com/722839827/files/doc_financials/annual/2009/MTS_20-F_2009.pdf.

MX.002

● Kevin P. Gallagher, Amos Irwin, and Katherine Koleski, “The New Banks in Town: Chinese Finance in Latin America” (Washington: Inter-American Dialogue, 2012), available at https://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/NewBanks_FULLTEXT.pdf.

● “Form 20-F, AMÉRICA MÓVIL, S.A.B. DE C.V.,” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, June 30, 2009, available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1129137/000119312509141628/d20f.htm.

● “Guo kaixing 300 yi meiyuan xindai edu zhu huawei qiangtan lamei shichang” (China Development Bank's US$30 billion credit line helps Huawei gain a foothold in the Latin American

market), Sina, April 25, 2011, available at http://tech.sina.com.cn/t/2011-04-25/10095446193.shtml.

VU.001

● Maya Schmaljohann and Annalisa Prizzon, “The age of choice: Fiji and Vanuatu in the new aid landscape,” ODI, September 2014, available at https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9172.pdf.

● Matthew Dornan, Philippa Brant, “Chinese Assistance in the Pacific: Agency, Effectiveness and the Role of Pacific Island Governments,” Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd and Crawford School of Public Policy at The Australian National University, June 11, 2014, available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/app5.35.

● “Zhu wanu'atu dashi chengshuping chuxi wa zhengfu dianzi zhengwu xiangmu qiyong yishi” (Ambassador Cheng Shuping attends the launching ceremony of the Vanuatu government e-government project), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Vanuatu, July 23, 2012, available at http://vu.chineseembassy.org/chn/zwgx/jj/t954251.htm.

● Michael Minges and Christoph Stork, “Economic and Social Impact of ICT in the Pacific,” Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility, June 2015, PDF on file with authors.

BR.003

● “Oi (Telemar) secures USD300m Chinese loan,” Comms Update, March 23, 2009, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2009/03/23/oi-telemar-secures-usd300m-chinese-loan/.

● “Brazil’s Oi granted loan by China Development Bank,” Macau Hub, April 14, 2010, available at https://macauhub.com.mo/2010/04/14/8906/.

● Kevin P. Gallagher, Amos Irwin, and Katherine Koleski, “The New Banks in Town: Chinese Finance in Latin America” (Washington: Inter-American Dialogue, 2012), available at https://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/NewBanks_FULLTEXT.pdf.

● “FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF TELEMAR NORTE LESTE S.A.,” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, December 31, 2009, available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1066113/000119312510130698/dex2.htm.

BR.004

● “FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF TELEMAR NORTE LESTE S.A.,” United States Securities and Exchange Commission, December 31, 2009, available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1066113/000119312510130698/dex2.htm.

● Ryan Mcmorrow, “Huawei a key beneficiary of China subsidies that US wants ended,” Phys.org, May 30, 2019, available at https://phys.org/news/2019-05-huawei-key-beneficiary-china-subsidies.html.

CM.006

● “Kamailong 35 wan xian CDMA kuorong xiangmu daikuan xieyi zai beijing qianshu” (Cameroon 350,000 line CDMA expansion project loan agreement signed in Beijing), Economic and

Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, October 16, 2010, PDF on file with authors.

● “Fruitful Cooperation with Eximbank China,” Camtel, available at https://www.camtel.cm/en/2017/01/18/cooperation-fructueuse-avec-eximbank-china/.

● “CDMA xiangmu daikuan xieyi qianshu” (CDMA project loan agreement signed), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, October 16, 2010, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/todayheader/201010/20101007189778.shtml.

CV.001

● Chen Yingying, “Cape Verde Goes Digital,” Huawei, September 19, 2018, available at https://www.huawei.com/en/publications/winwin-magazine/31/bringing-the-digital-world-to-cape-verde-archipelago.

● “Bringing the Digital World to Cape Verde Archipelago, North Atlantic,” Huawei, available at https://e.huawei.com/topic/leading-new-ict-en/cape-verde-archipelgo-case.html.

● “Fu de jiao liyong zhongguo youhui daikuan shishi de dianzi zhengwu wang yi qi xiangmu shuju zhongxin zhengshi qiyong” (The data center of the first phase of the e-government network project implemented by Cape Verde using China's preferential loans was officially opened), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cabo Verde, July 30, 2015, available at http://cv.mofcom.gov.cn/article/todayheader/201507/20150701068258.shtml.

● “Huawei gongsi chengwei fu de jiao zuida xinxi tongxun jishu jiejue fang'an gongying shang” (Huawei becomes the largest ICT solution provider in Cape Verde), Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, April 5, 2016, PDF on file with authors.

KM.001

● “Zhongguo qianshu xiang ke mo luo tigong jing yuan he youhui daikuan xieyi” (China signs an agreement to provide economic aid and preferential loans to Comoros), Xinhua, December 17, 2009, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhu ke mo luo dashi xiao ming chuxi wo yuan ke guanglan you dai xiangmu qidong yishi” (Chinese Ambassador to Comoros Xiao Ming attended the launching ceremony of the China-aided optical cable loan project), Foreign Ministry of the People’s Republic of China, October 12, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhu ke mo luo dashi xiao ming peitong ke jiaotong bu guowu mishu canguan huawei jituan guanglan shi” (Chinese Ambassador to Comoros Xiao Ming accompanied the State Secretary of the Ministry of Transport of the Ministry of Transport to visit Huawei Group's optical cable construction vessel), Foreign Ministry of the People’s Republic of China, October 17, 2016, PDF on file with authors.

● “China-Africa Trade and Economic Cooperation Special,” Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, December 3, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Huawei haiyang chenggong wancheng Avassa hai lan xiangmu jiaofu” (Huawei Marine successfully completed the delivery of the Avassa submarine cable project), Huawei, November 18, 2016, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhu ke mo luo dashi xiao ming chuxi wo yuan ke guanglan you dai xiangmu qidong yishi” (Chinese Ambassador to Comoros Xiao Ming attended the launching ceremony of the China-aided optical cable loan project), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Union of Comoros, PDF on file with authors.

ZW.003

● “Chinese envoy to Zimbabwe launches celebrations to mark 30 years of diplomatic relations,” People’s Daily, January 21, 2010, available at http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/6875769.html.

● “Huawei wins USD200m NetOne deal,” BizTech Africa, July 17, 2012, available at https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/huawei-wins-usd200m-netone-deal/3560/?country=zimbabwe.

● “NetOne signs USD 45 mln loan agreement with China Exim Bank,” Telecompaper, March 17, 2011, available at https://www.telecompaper.com/news/netone-signs-usd-45-mln-loan-agreement-with-china-exim-bank--792074.

● “NetOne in $485m network expansion,” The Herald, August 24, 2016, available at https://www.herald.co.zw/netone-in-485m-network-expansion/.

● “Zimbabwe Parliament Ratifies U.S.$45 Million Loan for NetOne,” Balancing Act, October 29, 2010, available at https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/telecoms-en/20293/zimbabwe-parliament-ratifies-us45-million-loan-for-netone.

● “Jin zongtong mu jia bei jianzheng zhongguo dui jin tigong 3.15 Yi yuan renminbi youhui daikuan daikuan xieyi qianzi yishi” (Zimbabwe President Mugabe witnessed the signing ceremony of China's 315 million yuan preferential loan agreement to Zimbabwe), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Zimbabwe, June 2, 2010, available at http://zimbabwe.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201009/20100907122317.shtml.

● “Oral Answers to Questions Without Notice,” Parliament of Zimbabwe, January 22, 2014, available at http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/national-assembly-hansard/download/1128_41983d3ca1756ad8adb8dcc76945512b.

BD.001

● “Mengjiala ya tong huo guo kaixing 1 yi meiyuan daikuan goumai huawei GSM shebei” (Asiacom Bangladesh obtains USD 100 million loan from China Development Bank to purchase Huawei GSM equipment), C114, June 21, 2010, available at http://www.c114.com.cn/news/126/a516864.html.

● “Yantrapāti kēnāra jan'ya rabikē 10 kōṭi ḍalāra r̥ṇa dēbē siḍibi” (CDB will lend 100 million to Robi to buy equipment), Protham-Alo, available at http://archive.prothom-alo.com/print/news/71990.

● “Robi gets $100mln from CDB,” BDNews24, June 15, 2010, available at https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/06/15/robi-gets-100mln-from-cdb.

● “Asia Pacific Telecom Newsletter,” Asia Pacific Telecom, September 2010, available at https://books.google.com/books?id=FPSVrLVBwIcC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=robi+bangladesh+2010+loans&source=bl&ots=4Zl708thI1&sig=ACfU3U0Hh5IjyekKccRgArocg4opeZ1zGw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY2Pe0nM7kAhVovFkKHS6HBX0Q6AEwCHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=robi%20bangladesh%202010%20loans&f=false.

● “A Newsletter of Research & Development Division,” Prime Bank Limited, June 2010, available at https://www.primebank.com.bd/newsletter/Vol.%2002%20Issue%2006.pdf.

● “Guo kaixing tigong 1 yi meiyuan daikuan zhichi mengjiala dianxin wangluo jianshe” (China Development Bank provides $100 million USD loan to support Bangladesh's telecom network construction), Central People’s Republic of the People’s Republic of China, June 15, 2010, available at http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2010-06/15/content_1627950.htm.

KH.004

● “CamGSM secures Chinese loan for expansion, debt refinancing,” CommsUpdate, November 9, 2010, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2010/11/09/camgsm-secures-chinese-loan-for-expansion-debt-refinancing/.

● Jeremy Mullins, “China takes on $591m Mobitel debt,” The Phnom Penh Post, November 4, 2010, available at https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/china-takes-591m-mobitel-debt.

● “China funds Cambodian mobile network rollout,” Mobile World Live, November 5, 2010, available at https://www.mobileworldlive.com/latest-stories/china-funds-cambodian-mobile-network-rollout/.

● “Wubangguo yu jianpuzhai shouxiang hongsen ju hang huitan” (Wu Bangguo Holds Talks with Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen), Xinhua, November 6, 2010, PDF on file with authors.

● “China lifts profile in Cambodia,” Financial Times Chinese edition, November 4, 2010, available at http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001035376/ce?archive.

● Deal List: Focus on Technology, Media and Telecommunications, DFDL Legal and Tax, available at https://www.dfdl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/DFDL_Deal_List_Regional_Tech_Media_Telecom_050713.pdf.

KW.001 ● “Keweite VIVA tongxun gongsi yu huawei gongsi qianding rongzi hezuo xieding” (Kuwait VIVA

Communications Company and Huawei Company Signed a Financing Cooperation Agreement), Economic and Commercial Office in Kuwait, May 15, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Iraq Telecom Newsletter,” Information Gatekeepers Inc., July 2010, available at https://books.google.com/books?id=X5AA4LJAyaEC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=%22VIVA%22+%22Huawei%22+2010+%22Kuwait%22&source=bl&ots=NrW514dQfY&sig=ACfU3U3efoSnT_6XUujPUWVnmbXhgcRqAg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9s9z6gtbkAhUIvFkKHTR1DMUQ6AEwEnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22VIVA%22%20%22Huawei%22%202010%20%22Kuwait%22&f=false.

● “Kuwait Viva signs $270m deal with Huawei,” TradeArabia, May 10, 2010, available at http://www.tradearabia.com/news/IT_179513.html.

● “Viva seals USD270m financing deal with Huawei,” Comms Update, May 12, 2010, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2010/05/12/viva-seals-usd270m-financing-deal-with-huawei/.

PK.003

● “Safe City Project: $68 million liability incurred, Senate body told,” Business Recorder, September 18, 2013, available at https://fp.brecorder.com/2013/09/201309181232095/.

● Iftikhar A. Khan, “Chinese firm to provide equipment for safe city project,” Dawn, March 22, 2014, available at https://www.dawn.com/news/1094735.

● “A Transactional Risk Profile of Huawei,” RWR Advisory Group, February 13, 2018, available at https://www.rwradvisory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/RWR-Huawei-Risk-Report-2-13-18.pdf.

● Imran Mukhtar, “Govt paying markup on $124m loan since 2011,” The Nation, September 18, 2013, available at https://nation.com.pk/18-Sep-2013/govt-paying-markup-on-124m-loan-since-2011.

● “Constitutional Petition No.91 of 2011 & CMA No. 2624 of 2011 and Constitutional Petition No.57 of 2012,” Supreme Court of Pakistan, June 2012, available at http://www.pprasindh.gov.pk/downloads/files/Const.P.91of2011Dt-23-8-2012%20Safe%20City.pdf.

PG.001

● “Zhu ba xin dashi liruiyou chuxi ba xin jicheng zhengwu xinxi xitong qiyong yishi” (Ambassador Li Ruiyou attended the opening ceremony of PNG integrated government information system), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Papua New Guinea, July 14, 2014, available at http://pg.china-embassy.org/chn/zbgx/t1174136.htm.

● “Ao mei: Zhongguo yuan jian nan tai guojia tongxun wangluo jiang weixie ao qingbao xinxi anquan” (Australian media: China's assistance in the construction of the South Pacific national communications network will threaten Australia's intelligence information security), Economic and Commercial Office of the Consulate General in Melbourne, February 6, 2018, PDF on file with authors.

● “Mo'erben jingmao kuaixun” (Melbourne Economic and Trade News), Economic and Commercial Office of the Consulate General in Melbourne, March 2018, available at http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/melbourne/201803/20180301065646338.pdf.

● “PNG to Get $53 Million Computer System,” East-West Center’s Pacific Islands Report, September 9, 2010, available at http://www.pireport.org/articles/2010/09/09/png-get-53-million-computer-system.

● “Chinese telco giant Huawei to invest in PNG,” Xinhua, April 22, 2009, available at http://en.people.cn/90001/90778/90857/90861/6642611.html.

● “NEC approves e-Govt project,” The National, March 21, 2010, available at https://www.thenational.com.pg/nec-approves-e-govt-project/.

CM.002

● “Pilot phase of Cameroon's E-Post Project Now Underway,” AfrICT, November 22, 2013, available at https://www.africt.com/2013/11/pilot-phase-of-cameroons-e-post-project-now-underway.html.

● “Présentation du Projet e-post” (Presentation of the e-post project), Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, July 10, 2013, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhongguo jinchu you yinhang yu kamailong zhengfu qianshu dianzi youzheng xiangmu youhui daikuan xieyi” (China Import and Export Bank and the Cameroon government sign a preferential loan agreement for e-post projects), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Cameroon, July 22, 2011, PDF on file with authors.

● “Duiwai touzi hezuo guo bie (diqu) zhinan Kamailong” (Country (Region) Guide for Foreign Investment Cooperation Cameroon), Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Cameroon, and Department of Foreign Investment and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, 2019, available at http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/kamailong.pdf.

● “Kamailong dianzi youzheng xiangmu juxing jungong jiaojie yishi” (Cameroon e-post project held completion and handover ceremony), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Cameroon, December 27, 2013, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/201312/20131200442400.shtml.

● “Zhongguo jin chukou yinhang yu kamailong zhengfu qianshu dianzi youzheng xiangmu youhui daikuan xieyi” (The Export-Import Bank of China and the Cameroonian government sign a preferential loan agreement for e-post projects), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Cameroon, July 22, 2011, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/201107/20110707658605.shtml.

● Beaugas Orain Djoyum, “E-post va interconnecter 234 bureaux de postes” (E-post will interconnect 234 post offices), Digital Business Africa, April 12, 2012, available at https://www.digitalbusiness.africa/e-post-va-interconnecter-234-bureaux-de-postes/.

CM.003

● “Cameroon Telecommunications Limited I,” GuarantCo Ltd., December 2012, available at https://guarantco.com/portfolio/cameroon-telecommunications-limited/.

● “Major Projects: Broadband Infrastructure for a Digital Cameroon by 2020,” Republic of Cameroon Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, November 24, 2017, available at https://www.minpostel.gov.cm/index.php/en/les-grands-chantiers/292-broadband-infrastructure-for-a-digital-cameroon-by-2020.

● "Duiwai touzi hezuo guo bie (diqu) zhinan kamailong (2019 nianban)” (Country (Region) Guide for Foreign Investment Cooperation Cameroon (2019 Edition)), Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Cameroon, and Department of Foreign Investment and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, available at http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/kamailong.pdf.

● Jean-Pierre Cabestan, “China–Cameroon relations: Fortunes and limits of an old political complicity,” South African Journal of International Affairs, March 6, 2015, available at http://gis.hkbu.edu.hk/files/Cabestan%20as%20published%20online%205%20March.pdf.

● “Kamailong zongtong shouquan jingji buzhang qianshu guojia kuandai xiangmu daikuan xieyi” (The President of Cameroon authorized the Minister of Economy to sign a loan agreement for the National Broadband Project), Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Cameroon, July 15, 2011, available in Chinese at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/201107/20110707647633.shtml.

● “Huawei jishu youxian gongsi yu kamailong dianxin gongsi qianshu kuandai wang jianshe xiangmu hetong” (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and Cameroon Telecom Company signed a broadband network construction project contract), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, January 5, 2011, available in Chinese at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/201101/20110107348172.shtml.

● “Huawei gongsi zai ya wen de tuijie kamailong guojia kuandai xiangmu” (Huawei promotes Cameroon's national broadband project in Yaounde), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, March 17, 2011, available in Chinese at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/201103/20110307450641.shtml.

● “Huawei yu kamailong dianxin gongsi qianshu hezuo kuangjia xieyi” (Huawei and Cameroon Telecom signed a cooperation framework agreement), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Cameroon, October 24, 2010, available in Chinese at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/sbmy/201010/20101007204206.shtml.

ER.001

● “Zhong e qianshu e te dianxin er qi youhui daikuan kuangjia xieyi” (China and Eritrea sign Eritrean Telecom's second phase of preferential loan framework agreement), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy in Eritrea, July 19, 2011, available at http://er.mofcom.gov.cn/article/y/201107/20110707653798.shtml.

● “E dianxin er qi gaizao xiangmu youhui daikuan xieyi qianshu” (Concessionary Loan Agreement Signed for Eritrean Telecom Phase II Reconstruction), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the State of Eritrea, September 14, 2011, available at http://er.chineseembassy.org/chn/sghd/t858990.htm.

GH.001

● “Huawei begins phase 2 of Ghana network project,” BizTech Africa, March 8, 2013, available at https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/huawei-begins-phase-2-ghana-network-project/5489/.

● “Chinese Ambassador Sun Baohong attended the hand-over ceremony of Enhanced Community Information Centre (e-CIC) in the Eastern Region,” Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Republic of Ghana, April 14, 2015, available at https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cegh/eng/sgxw/t1254674.htm.

● “2017 Annual Debt Management Report,” Ghanian Ministry of Finance, available at https://www.mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/reports/economic/2017-Annual-Debt-Management-Report.pdf.

ML.001

● “Huawei chengjian mali guangxian wang xiangmu” (Huawei undertakes to build Mali optical fiber network project), C114, November 28, 2011, available at https://it.sohu.com/20111128/n327144444.shtml.

● “Zhu mali dashi cao zhongming chuxi ma guangxian wang xiangmu dianji yishi” (Ambassador Cao Zhongming attended the groundbreaking ceremony of the Malaysian optical fiber network project), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Mali, November 22, 2011, available at http://ml.china-embassy.org/chn/zxxx/t879987.htm.

● “Mali zongtong huijian lai ma fangwen de huawei gongsi zongcai Ren Zhengfei” (President of Mali meets with visiting Huawei President Ren Zhengfei), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Mali, January 8, 2011, available at http://ml.china-embassy.org/chn/zxxx/t784420.htm.

● “Ma guangxian wang xiangmu zai jia ao juxing dianji yishi” (Mali optical fiber network project held a groundbreaking ceremony in Gao), Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Mali, November 23, 2011, available at http://ml.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201111/20111107842882.shtml.

ID.001

● Arno Maierbrugger, “Axis Receives Additional Investments,” Investvine, May 24, 2011, available at http://investvine.com/axis-receives-additional-investments/.

● Dinesh Nair, “Saudi Telecom resolves $1.2 bln loan issue with creditors -sources,” Reuters, September 12, 2013, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-indonesia-loan/update-1-saudi-telecom-resolves-1-2-bln-loan-issue-with-creditors-sources-idUSL5N0H82G120130912.

● Ben Flanagan, “$1.2 billion deal for majority Saudi-owned Indonesian telecoms company,” The National, May 24, 2011, available at https://www.thenational.ae/business/1-2-billion-deal-for-majority-saudi-owned-indonesian-telecoms-company-1.375031.

● “Guo kaixing: Quanqiu rongzi de ‘jin zhu’” (China Development Bank: the ‘funder’ of global financing), Financial Times Chinese edition, August 27, 2012, available at http://cn.ft.com/story/001046224?archive.

● Kevin Scott, “Saudi operator inks Indonesia deal,” Gulf News, May 25, 2011, available at https://gulfnews.com/business/saudi-operator-inks-indonesia-deal-1.812479.

● “White & Case Deals Awarded Islamic Finance News Deal of Year 2011,” White & Case, January 16, 2012, available at https://www.whitecase.com/firm/awards-rankings/award/white-case-deals-awarded-islamic-finance-news-deal-year-2011.

● “Annual Review 2011,” White & Case, available at https://www.whitecase.com/sites/whitecase/files/files/download/publications/white_case_annual_review_2011.pdf.

TR.003 ● “Tu'erqi Turkcell huo guo kaixing 2.5 Yi meiyuan daikuan zhifu huawei dingdan” (Turkey Turkcell

receives USD 250 million loan from China Development Bank to pay Huawei orders), ICCSZ, December 28, 2011, available at http://www.iccsz.com/site/cn/News/2011/12/28/20111228010724293250.htm.

● “China to give hefty loan to Turkcell,” Hurriyet Daily News, December 24, 2011, available at https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/china-to-give-hefty-loan-to-turkcell-9897.

● “Turkcell Grup'a Çin'den 250 milyon liralık kredi” (China loan of 250 million lira to Turkcell Group), Hurriyet, December 23, 2011, available at https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/turkcell-grupa-cinden-250-milyon-liralik-kredi-19523589.

● “Annual Report 2011,” Turkcell, available at https://s.turkcell.com.tr/hakkimizda/en/yatirimciiliskileri/InvestorReportLibrary/Turkcell_AR_2011_ENG.pdf.

MX.001

● “Mexico's Nextel to get $375 mln loan from CDB,” Reuters, July 27, 2011, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/nextel/mexicos-nextel-to-get-375-mln-loan-from-cdb-idUSN1E76Q21920110727.

● “Nextel Mexico Announces $375 Million Loan From the China Development Bank (CDB) to Fund 3G Network Build-Out,” NII Holdings, Inc, July 27, 2011, available at https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nextel-mexico-announces-375-million-loan-from-the-china-development-bank-cdb-to-fund-3g-network-build-out-126275733.html.

● Roberta Prescott, “Nextel Mexico announces US$ 375 M loan from the China Development Bank to fund 3G network build-out,” RCR Wireless News, July 28, 2011, available at https://www.rcrwireless.com/20110728/carriers/nextel-mexico-announces-us-375-m-loan-from-the-china-development-bank-to-fund-3g-network-build-out.

WS.001

● Lance Polu, “Samoa’s National Broadband Highway Launched,” Talamua Online News, June 25, 2014, PDF on file with authors.

● “Samoa Submarine Cable Project (RRP SAM 47320),” Asian Development Bank, available at https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/47320-001-ssa.pdf.

● Freedom House, “Samoa: Freedom in the world 2015,” PDF on file with authors. ● “Medium Term Debt Management Strategy, 2013-2015,” Samoa Ministry of Finance, PDF on file

with authors. KE.003

● “Kenyan govt to start phase 2 of NOFBI project with Huawei,” Telecompaper, June 25, 2014, available at https://www.telecompaper.com/news/kenyan-govt-to-start-phase-2-of-nofbi-project-with-huawei--1021503.

● “Profile of the telecommunications market in Kenya - part 6,” Converge! Network Digest, February 23, 2018, available at https://www.convergedigest.com/2018/02/profile-of-telecommunications-market-in_24.html.

● “National Optic Fibre Backbone (NOFBI),” ICT Authority of the Kenyan Government, available at http://icta.go.ke/national-optic-fibre-backbone-nofbi/.

● “Chen jian fu buzhang yu ken caizheng bu changwu mishu jin you ya juxing shuangbian huitan” (Vice Minister Chen Jian and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance of Kenya hold bilateral talks), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office of the Embassy in Kenya, July 3, 2012, available at http://ke.mofcom.gov.cn/article/waimao/201207/20120708208605.shtml.

● Semaj Itosno, “Huawei clinches USD71m Kenya fibre deal,” BizTech Africa, July 11, 2012, available at https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/huawei-clinches-usd71m-kenya-fibre-deal/3508/#.Vqeeu_krLjl

● “Kenniya guangxian gugan wangluo xiangmu huo zhongguo youhui daikuan,” Amanbo Business News, December 24, 2015, available at https://www.amanbo.com/caBusiness/1080.html.

NG.001

● “Update on Loan Facility for Abuja Light Rail, New Airport Terminals, and Galaxy Backbone,” Nigerian Federal Ministry of Finance, March 30, 2013, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20130330154601/http:/www.fmf.gov.ng/the-media/press-release/85-update-on-loan-facility-for-abuja-light-rail-new-airport-terminals-and-galaxy-backbone.html.

● Emma Ujah and Michael Eboh, “FG secures $1.1bn loan from China,” Vanguard, September 13, 2012, available at https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/09/fg-secures-1-1bn-loan-from-china/.

● “Abuja light rail, new airport terminals to be completed by 2015,” Nigerian Federal Ministry of Finance, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20150710042201/http:/www.fmf.gov.ng/the-media/press-release/84-abuja-light-rail-new-airport-terminals-to-be-completed-by-2015.html (last accessed October 2020).

● “Nigeria owes China $678.91m - DMO,” The Nigerian Voice, January 17, 2013, available at https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/105731/nigeria-owes-china-67891m-dmo.html.

● “Huawei aims high for Nigeria smartphone sales,” South China Morning Post, September 21, 2013, PDF on file with authors.

● “Niriliya zhengfu cong zhongguo jin chukou yinhang huode 11 yi meiyuan daikuan” (Nigerian government obtains $1.1 billion USD loan from China Exim Bank), Economic and Commercial Office of the Consulate General of Lagos, September 14, 2012, PDF on file with authors.

SL.002

● “Ministry of Information and Communications,” Government of Sierra Leone, available at https://mic.gov.sl/dotnetnuke/About-Us/Departments-and-Agencies.

● Abdul Rashid Thomas, “Sierra Leone’s costly step into the brave new world of faster internet access,” Sierra Leone Telegraph, March 5, 2013, available at https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leones-costly-step-into-the-brave-new-world-of-faster-internet-access/.

● “Sierra Leone’s fibre-optic infrastructure project still on track,” TeleGeography, August 9, 2013, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2013/08/09/sierra-leones-fibre-optic-infrastructure-project-still-on-track/

● “Selali'ang guangxian gugan wang xiangmu youhui daikuan kuangjia xieyi zai sai qianshu” (Sierra Leone Optical Fiber Backbone Network Project Preferential Loan Framework Agreement Signed in Sierra Leone), Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Sierra Leone, August 17, 2012, available at http://sl.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201208/20120808289208.shtml.

● “S.Leone, China sign $15mln fibre optic deal,” Phys Org, August 21, 2012, available at https://phys.org/news/2012-08-sleone-china-15mln-fibre-optic.html.

SN.002

● “Interview avec Arona Diallo, Directeur des Réseaux, Systèmes et de la Sécurité Informatique, sur le projet E-gov” (Interview with Arona Diallo, Director of Networks, Systems and IT Security, on the E-gov project), Observatory on Information Systems, Networks and Highways in Senegal, August 11, 2014, available at http://www.osiris.sn/Interview-avec-Arona-Diallo.html.

● “Zhongguo yuan jian saineijia'er de dianzi zhengwu wang xiangmu zhengshi jiaojie” (The Chinese-aided e-government network project in Senegal is officially handed over), Xinhua News Agency, July 11, 2009, PDF on file with authors.

● “Prêt et dons de la Chine au Sénégal” (Loan and donations from China to Senegal), Xinhua, January 21, 2012, available a http://french.china.org.cn/foreign/txt/2012-01/21/content_24461230.htm.

IN.002

● “RCOM to acquire network equipment worth $600 million,” NDTV, February 22, 2012, available at https://www.ndtv.com/business/rcom-to-acquire-network-equipment-worth-600-million-298270.

● Thomas K Thomas, “RCom to buy equipment worth $600 m from Huawei, ZTE,” The Hindu Business Line, February 21, 2012, available at https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/rcom-to-buy-equipment-worth-600-m-from-huawei-zte/article23070527.ece.

● Sandeep Joshi, “Chinese loans for Indian telecom firm raise eyebrows,” The Hindu, November 11, 2016, available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Chinese-loans-for-Indian-telecom-firm-raise-eyebrows/article12955353.ece.

● “Xinshi tongxin jiang chuzi 6 yi meiyuan gou hua wei zhongxing shebei” (Reliance Communications will invest US$600 million to purchase Huawei ZTE equipment), C114, February 23, 2012, available at http://www.iccsz.com/site/cn/News/2012/02/23/20120223010028872000.htm.

TR.001

● “Turk Telekom signs $600 mln loan deals with China Development Bank,” Reuters, December 26, 2012, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/turktelekom-china/turk-telekom-signs-600-mln-loan-deals-with-china-development-bank-idUSL5E8NQ0ZK20121226.

● “Material Event Disclosure (General),” Turk Telekom, December 26, 2012, PDF on file with authors.

NL.001

● “Form 20-F: VimpelCom LTD,” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1468091/000119312513122015/d505862d20f.htm (last accessed October 2020).

● “Consolidated Financial Statements 2014,” VimpelCom Holdings B.V., available at https://www.veon.com/media/1274/vimpelcom-holdings-annual-2014-fs.pdf.

● “Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of 30 September 2017 and for the three and nine months ended 30 September 2017,” Public Joint Stock Company “Vimpel-Communications” available at https://www.veon.com/media/1905/pjsc-vimpelcom-ifrs-fs-9m2017_eng.pdf.

RO.001

● Dan Tomozei, “România a semnat două acorduri economice cu China” (Romania has signed two economic agreements with China), Jurnalul, September 6, 2012, available at https://jurnalul.ro/stire-622910.html.

● “România a semnat la Beijing două acorduri economice importante” (Romania has signed two important economic agreements in Beijing), CRJ Online, September 6, 2012, available at http://romanian.cri.cn/341/2012/09/06/1s129886.htm.

● Dan Tomozei, “Interviu – Mihai Voicu: România trebuie să îşi concretizeze avantajele în relaţia cu China” (Interview- Mihai Voicu: Romania must realize its advantages in relation to China), Dan Tomozei, September 7, 2012, available at https://dantomozei.ro/2012/09/07/mihai-voicu-romania-trebuie-sa-isi-concretizeze-avantajele-in-relatia-cu-china-2/.

RO.002

● Dan Tomozei, “România a semnat două acorduri economice cu China” (Romania has signed two economic agreements with China), Jurnalul, September 6, 2012, available at https://jurnalul.ro/stire-622910.html.

● “România a semnat la Beijing două acorduri economice importante” (Romania has signed two important economic agreements in Beijing), CRJ Online, September 6, 2012, available at http://romanian.cri.cn/341/2012/09/06/1s129886.htm.

● Dan Tomozei, “Interviu – Mihai Voicu: România trebuie să îşi concretizeze avantajele în relaţia cu China” (Interview- Mihai Voicu: Romania must realize its advantages in relation to China), Dan Tomozei, September 7, 2012, available at https://dantomozei.ro/2012/09/07/mihai-voicu-romania-trebuie-sa-isi-concretizeze-avantajele-in-relatia-cu-china-2/.

ET.001

● Aaron Maasho, “Ethiopia signs $700 mln mobile network deal with China's Huawei,” Reuters, July 25, 2013, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/ethiopia-mobile-huawei/ethiopia-signs-700-mln-mobile-network-deal-with-chinas-huawei-idUSL6N0FV4WV20130725.

● Vivien Foster, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen, and Nataliya Pushak, “Building Bridges: China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-Saharan Africa,” The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, April 19, 2009, pp. 126–127, available at https://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9780821375549/127.

● “Huawei, ZTE, Sign $1.6 Billion 4G and 3G Deal with Ethiopian Telecom,” Addis Standard, July 26, 2013, available at https://addisstandard.com/huawei-zte-sign-1-6-billion-4g-and-3g-deal-with-ethiopian-telecom/.

● Aaron Maasho, “China's Huawei to roll out 4G service in Ethiopian capital,” Reuters, November 28, 2013, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-telecoms/chinas-huawei-to-roll-out-4g-service-in-ethiopian-capital-idUSBRE9AR0JO20131128.

● Dawinderpal Sahota, “Ethiopia signs $1.6bn LTE deal with ZTE, Huawei,” Telecoms, August 19, 2013, available at https://telecoms.com/172162/ethiopia-signs-800m-lte-deal-with-zte/.

● “Ai sai shengji yidong tongxunwang pinggu hua wei zhongxing liang gongsi fang'an” (Ethiopia upgrades mobile communication network, evaluates Huawei and ZTE's plans), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Ethiopia, March 15, 2013, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhongxing tongxun gongsi yu aisai'ebiya qian 8 yi meiyuan dianxin hetong” (ZTE and Ethiopia signed a $800 million telecommunications contract), International Business Daily, August 22, 2013, available at http://cafiec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zqzhw/201308/20130800261681.shtml.

RS.002

● Dragan Pavlićević, “China’s Railway Diplomacy in the Balkans,” The Jamestown Foundation, October 23, 2014, available at https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-railway-diplomacy-in-the-balkans/.

● “‘Serbian Railways’ and Chinese Company ‘Huawei’ signed Framework Agreement for Modernization of Integrated Telecommunication System,” JSC Serbian Railways, available at http://serbianrailways.com/serbian-railways-and-chinese-company-huawei-signed-framework-agreement-for-modernization-of-integrated-telecommunication-system/ (last accessed October 2020).

● Serbian Ministry of Construction, Transport, and Infrastructure, “Ongoing Projects” (Belgrade, Serbia: 2014), available at https://www.mgsi.gov.rs/sites/default/files/Projekti,%20engleski%20Z,%202014..pdf.

PK.002

● “$44m Pakistan-China optic fibre project,” Dawn, August 3, 2013, available at https://www.dawn.com/news/1033788.

● Amin Yusufzai, “Ground Breaking of $44 Million Pak-China Fiber Optic Cable Today,” Propakistani, available at https://propakistani.pk/2016/05/19/ground-breaking-of-44-million-pak-china-fiber-optic-cable-today/.

● “Zhongguo-bajisitan shou tiao lu shang kua jing guanglan kaitong, you zhongguo huawei chengjian” (China-Pakistan's first land-based cross-border fiber optic cable was opened, which was constructed by Huawei), Fortune Global, July 16, 2018, available at https://nai500.com/zh-hans/blog/2018/07/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD-

%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%A6%96%E6%9D%A1%E9%99%86%E4%B8%8A%E8%B7%A8%E5%A2%83%E5%85%89%E7%BC%86%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BA/.

● Zafar Bhutta, “Optic fibre cable connecting Pakistan, China to be inaugurated today,” The Express Tribune, July 13, 2018, available at https://tribune.com.pk/story/1756458/2-optic-fibre-cable-connecting-pakistan-china-inaugurated-today.

● “Zhongguo gongsi chengjian bajisitan haozi 4400 wan meiyuan guangxian pushe xiangmu” (Chinese company undertook Pakistan's US$44 million fiber laying project), Dawn, August 5, 2013, available at http://pk.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201308/20130800229105.shtml.

PG.002

● “Ao mei: Zhongguo yuan jian nan tai guojia tongxun wangluo jiang weixie ao qingbao xinxi anquan” (Australian media: China's assistance in the construction of the South Pacific national communications network will threaten Australia's intelligence information security), Economic and Commercial Office of the Consulate General in Melbourne, February 6, 2018, PDF on file with authors.

● Eric Tlozek, “Australia uneasy over Chinese influence in PNG amid increasing infrastructure investment,” ABC News, February 11, 2017, available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-12/australia-uneasy-over-chinese-investment-and-influence-in-png/8263384.

● Gorethy Kenneth, “Chinese Assistance to PNG Increases,” Papua New Guinea Post-Courier, March 24, 2017, available at https://postcourier.com.pg/chinese-assistance-to-png-increases/.

● “Huawei gongsi yu ba xin zhengfu qianding 7600 wan meiyuan hetong” (Huawei signs a US$76 million contract with the PNG government), Economic and Commercial Office in Papua New Guinea, December 19, 2012, available at http://pg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/201212/20121208488866.shtml.

BI.002

● Nicholas Kamanzi, “The Government Of Burundi Officially Commissions The Bujumbura Metropolitan Area Network Installations,” PC Tech Magazine, October 30, 2014, available at https://pctechmag.com/2014/10/the-government-of-burundi-officially-commissions-the-bujumbura-metropolitan-area-network-installations/.

● “Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) soon in Bujumbura,” IWACU English News, November 3, 2014, available at https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/metropolitan-area-network-man-soon-in-bujumbura/.

● “Burundian govt, Onatel and Huawei commission Bujumbura MAN project,” TeleGeography, October 31, 2014, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2014/10/31/burundian-govt-onatel-and-huawei-commission-bujumbura-man-project/.

● “Zhong qi zhuli bulongdi jinru ‘gaoqing shidai,’” (Chinese enterprises help Burundi enter the ‘HD era’), People's Daily, December 26, 2016, available at http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-12/26/c_129419648.htm.

● “Bujumbura bientôt connecté au réseau wifi” (Bujumbura soon to be connected to the wifi network), Bujumbura News, November 9, 2014, available at https://bujanews.wordpress.com/2014/11/09/bujumbura-bientot-connecte-au-reseau-wifi/.

● “Zhu bulongdi dashi yuxuzhong chuxi bu qiong bu la cheng yu wang xiangmu kaigong yishi” (Ambassador Yu Xuzhong attended the groundbreaking ceremony of Bujumbura Metropolitan Area Network Project), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Burundi, October 29, 2014, available at https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/fz_677316/1206_677486/1206x2_677506/t1205080.shtml.

GN.002

● “Huawei bangzhu jineiya guojia dianxin gongsi yibu kuayue dao 4G shidai” (Huawei helps the National Telecommunications Company of Guinea leap into the 4G era), Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Guinea, December 10, 2015, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201512/20151201207691.shtml.

● “Chuan huawei xunqiu shougou jineiya dianxin yunying shang Sotelgui” (Huawei is rumored to seek to acquire Guinea telecom operator Sotelgui), C114 China Communication Network, March 19, 2014, available at https://m.c114.com.cn/w126-826786.html.

● “Jineiya dianxin ye jiankuang” (Brief Introduction of Guinea's Telecommunications Industry), Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in Guinea, November 4, 2015, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ddgk/201511/20151101155693.shtml.

GN.003

● “Huawei zai jineiya guojia guanglan gugan wang xiangmu kaigong” (Huawei starts construction on the national optical cable backbone network project in Guinea), Cable Net, December 25, 2014, available at https://www.c-fol.net/news/content/2/201412/20141225091912.html?btwaf=75801410.

● “Jineiya guojia guanglan gugan wang xiangmu juxing qidong yishi” (Guinea National Optical Cable Backbone Network Project Held Launch Ceremony), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Guinea, December 24, 2014, available at http://www.fdi.gov.cn/1800000121_21_72897_0_7.html.

● “Jineiya guojia guangxian gugan wangluo wangong” (Completed the national fiber optic backbone network in Guinea), Cable Network Times, March 30, 2020, available at http://www.beri.org.cn/site/content/1084.html.

● “Competitiveness Report 2015,” Export-Import Bank of the United States, June 30, 2016, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20190810062046/https:/www.exim.gov/sites/default/files/reports/competitiveness_reports/2015-2-2014+2015-China-Information.pdf.

● “Jineiya guojia guangxian gugan wang xiangmu” (Guinea National Optical Fiber Backbone Network Project), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the Republic of Guinea, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/sys/print.shtml?/zxhz/201512/20151201209033.

● “Jineiya guojia guangxian gugan wangluo wangong quanguo guangxian wangluo zong changdu da 4352 gongli” (The national optical fiber backbone network of Guinea was completed, and the total length of the national optical fiber network reached 4352 kilometers), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy of the Republic of Guinea, March 31, 2020, available at http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/202003/20200302949827.shtml.

ZW.001

● “Jin guoyou dianxin yunying shang ke wang tigong 5G fuwu” (Zimbabwe's state-owned telecom operators are expected to provide 5G services), Economic and Commercial Counsel Office in Zimbabwe, May 26, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Oral Answers to Questions Without Notice,” Parliament of Zimbabwe, January 22, 2014, available at http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/national-assembly-hansard/download/1128_41983d3ca1756ad8adb8dcc76945512b.

● “Competitiveness Report 2015,” Export-Import Bank of the United States, June 30, 2016, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20190810062046/https:/www.exim.gov/sites/default/files/reports/competitiveness_reports/2015-2-2014+2015-China-Information.pdf.

● “Chinese bank to disburse first batch of $218,9m loan to NetOne,” Chronicle, December 3, 2014, available at https://www.chronicle.co.zw/chinese-bank-to-disburse-first-batch-of-2189m-loan-to-netone/.

LA.002

● “Laowo gong'an bu xiandaihua jingcha zhihui zhongxin zhengshi touru shiyong” (The modern police command center of the Ministry of Public Security of Laos was officially put into use), Weibo Blog, August 29, 2016, available at https://www.weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404013837794849168.

● “Police Enhance Capacity for Emergency Situations,” The Laotian Times, December 20, 2016, available at https://laotiantimes.com/2016/12/20/police-enhance-capacity-emergency-situations/.

● “PM Inspects Summit Venues,” The Laotian Times, August 29, 2016, available at https://laotiantimes.com/2016/08/29/pm-inspects-summit-venues/.

● “Laowo jingcha ju: Dazao quanqiu shou ge 400M eLTE yingji tongxin wang” (Lao Police Department: Build the world's first 400M eLTE emergency communication network), Huawei, August 3, 2015, available at https://e.huawei.com/cn/case-studies/cn/2015/201508031554?source=corp_comm.

● “Laowo luyou anquan du tisheng, wanxiang jiang anzhuang qibai yu jiankong shexiangtou” (The safety of tourism in Laos has improved, and more than 700 surveillance cameras will be installed in Vientiane), Yimei Culture, August 31, 2017, available at https://www.sohu.com/a/168598723_99988808.

MN.001

● “Zhongguo zhengfu you mai daikuan xiang xia shishi de menggu guo dianzi yiliao xiangmu shebei jiaojie yishi zai wu lan ba tuo chenggong ju” (The equipment handover ceremony of Mongolia’s electronic medical project implemented under the Chinese government’s premium loan was successfully held in Ulaanbaatar), January 8, 2016, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhongguo xiang menggu tigong de dianzi yiliao shebei jiaojie yishi zai meng chenggong juxing” (The handover ceremony of electronic medical equipment provided by China to Mongolia was successfully held in Mongolia), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Mongolia, January 8, 2016, available at http://mn.china-embassy.org/chn/sghd/t1330318.htm.

● “Zhongguo zhengfu you mai daikuan xiang xia shishi de menggu guo dianzi yiliao xiangmu shebei jiaojie yishi zai wu lan ba tuo chenggong juxing” (The equipment handover ceremony of Mongolia's electronic medical project implemented under the Chinese government's preferential purchase loan was successfully held in Ulaanbaatar), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Mongolia, January 8, 2016, available at http://mn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201601/20160101230886.shtml.

● “Xinghaiming dashi fu huawei menggu zi gongsi jinxing gongzuo diaoyan” (Ambassador Xing Haiming went to Huawei's Mongolia subsidiary for work investigation), Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Mongolia, December 9, 2016, available at https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cemn/chn/sghd/t1422859.htm.

● “Zhong meng liang guo qianshu duo xiang hezuo wenjian” (China and Mongolia signed a number of cooperation documents), Xinhua News Agency, August 22, 2014, available at http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-08/22/content_2738268.htm.

UZ.004

● “China to issue US$550m to Uzbekistan to develop Uzmobile,” UzDaily, December 25, 2014, available at http://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/30514.

● Aynur Jafarova, “Huawei to supply equipment to Uzbekistan’s national operator,” Azernews, November 11, 2014, available at https://www.azernews.az/region/73075.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=393f1046d32ca2f3af2b811312f73d9f6535b15f-1602082094-0-ASyk_a39CrKftE6lw9Cvc2QyKHv6c-SzQWYMeX-KwGLT3Tk0JtIt5GaymV8UKzv8GKXCdyNRMl4ylkOr-IacZK1nV553FWPJ6m5Z1waj2qWxXB-h6iNCMiK65tT-tpZGJ3v7f3jYKpfk13Jg0y8Jw6FkcTvPa7Ptwe1RemsxgsBYCDbfSNmZMhaJL4A0U8NBZtSoPItVj-G6qcbR7Yd0j8c04guCJbVb_6XeSosJEwt63ugItbJ_7UQhXkMnRIvdbn0Vyrd1sIIK7-_CFEWwZUJYIVON08I9joCDqYVSUw5NP_GNfvXHfzeM3N8V8B1Z2tPoNFLCBlc9sxzyeQe0oDUALa3N5IfCefMvx0AunaWB.

● Saima Ibrahim, “Huawei Technologies to Supply Equipment to Uzmobile,” Central Asian Celluar Forum, November 10, 2014, available at https://www.3gca.org/huawei-technologies-supply-equipment-uzmobile/.

NL.002

● “Consolidated Financial Statements 2014,” VimpelCom Holdings B.V., available at https://www.veon.com/media/1274/vimpelcom-holdings-annual-2014-fs.pdf.

● “Form 20-F, Vimpelcom LTD.,” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1468091/000119312515103281/d885602d20f.htm (last accessed October 2020).

RU.001

● “E mei: Weisheme yao pa zhongguo ren zhongguo daikuan dui e you he fengxian” (Russian media: Why should you be afraid of the Chinese? What are the risks of Chinese loans to Russia?), Reference News Network, October 10, 2014, available at http://m.cankaoxiaoxi.com/finance/20141021/535181.shtml?fr=mb.

● “Open Joint Stock Company “MegaFon” and China Development Bank Corporation have signed another financing agreement to fund the purchase of equipment and services for the development of the Company’s mobile networks,” MegaFon, October 13, 2014, available at https://corp.megafon.com/investors/news/capital_market_releases/20141013-1707.html.

● “"Мегафон" договорился с China Development Bank о финансировании на $500 млн” (Megafon agreed with China Development Bank on financing for $ 500 million), Vedomosti, October 13, 2014, available at https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/news/2014/10/13/megafon-dogovorilsya-s-china-development-bank-o.

BJ.001

● “China grants loans to Benin for broadband project,” Xinhua, February 24, 2015, available at http://english.www.gov.cn/news/international_exchanges/2015/02/24/content_281475060814153.htm.

● “Africa’s ICT sector and China,” The Infrastructure Consortium for Africa, available at https://www.icafrica.org/en/topics-programmes/ict/africa%E2%80%99s-ict-sector-and-china/ (last accessed October 2020).

CM.008

● “Zhongguo jin chukou yinhang xiang kamailong guangxian wangluo kuojian tigong ju'e youhui daikuan” (The Export-Import Bank of China provides huge preferential loans for Cameroon's optical fiber network expansion), Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Consulate in Douala, November 4, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Kamailong zongtong shouquan yu zhongguo jinchu you yinhang qianshu ka guojia tongxin kuandai wang xiangmu er qi daikuan xieyi” (The President of Cameroon authorized the signing of the second phase loan agreement for the Cameroon National Communication Broadband Network Project with the China Bank), Economic and Commercial Office of the Embassy in Cameroon, November 3, 2015, PDF on file with authors.

● “Zhongguo jin chukou yinhang xiang kamailong guangxian wangluo kuojian tigong 21 yi youhui daikuan” (The Export-Import Bank of China provides 2.1 billion concessional loans for Cameroon's optical fiber network expansion), Cable Net, May 15, 2015, available at http://news.cableabc.com/finance/20151105033083.html.

● “Africa’s ICT sector and China,” The Infrastructure Consortium for Africa, available at https://www.icafrica.org/en/topics-programmes/ict/africa%E2%80%99s-ict-sector-and-china/.

CM.009

● “Kamailong zongtong shouquan yu huawei gongsi qianshu yi fen 9010 wan meiyuan de rongzi xieyi” (The President of Cameroon authorized the signing of a US$90.1 million financing agreement with Huawei), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Cameroon, February 11, 2015, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/hzjj/201502/20150200896125.shtml.

● LIU Ying, “Zhongguo taiyangneng ‘dian liang’ kamailong nongcun” (Chinese solar energy ‘lights up’ rural Cameroon), China Story, available at https://www.chinastory.cn/PCzwdbk/detail_v2/20190624/1006000000039761561359339845285027_1.html.

● “Kamailong zongli renming ka 166 ge cunzhen guangfu taiyangneng xitong dianqihua xiangmu jingli” (The Prime Minister of Cameroon appointed project managers for the electrification of photovoltaic solar systems in 166 villages and towns in Cameroon), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Cameroon, June 3, 2015, available at http://cm.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201506/20150601001468.shtml.

GH.005

● “Chinese telecom firm Huawei supports Ghana's ICT modernization,” Xinhua, June 12, 2015, available at https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/926770.shtml.

● “First Phase of New National Data Centre Almost Complete,” GNA, June 16, 2015, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20190926041923/https:/www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/media-center/news/1453-first-phase-of-new-national-data-centre-almost-complete.

ML.002

● “Mali: Huawei awarded national broadband network contract worth FCfa 34 billion,” EcoFin Agency, October 22, 2015, available at https://www.ecofinagency.com/telecom/2210-32579-mali-huawei-awarded-national-broadband-network-contract-worth-fcfa-34-billion.

● Alan Burkitt-Gray, “Mali national broadband network gets an extra five months for completion,” Capacity Media, November 13, 2017, available at https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3766436/Mali-national-broadband-network-gets-an-extra-five-months-for-completion.

● “Mali zongtong: Mali fazhan shuzi jingji xuyao huawei de zhichi” (President of Mali: Mali needs Huawei's support to develop its digital economy), Huawei, August 31, 2018, available at https://www.huawei.com/cn/news/2018/8/mali-president-visit-huawei-2018.

TG.003

● Competitiveness Report 2015,” United State Export-Import Bank, June 30, 2016, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20190810062046/https:/www.exim.gov/sites/default/files/reports/competitiveness_reports/2015-2-2014+2015-China-Information.pdf.

● “Togo embarks on wide-scale project to deploy fibre to 500 administrative centres,” TeleGeography, April 1, 2015, available at

https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/04/01/togo-embarks-on-wide-scale-project-to-deploy-fibre-to-500-administrative-centres/.


● “Togo embarks on wide-scale project to deploy fibre to 500 administrative centres,” TeleGeography, April 1, 2015, available at https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/04/01/togo-embarks-on-wide-scale-project-to-deploy-fibre-to-500-administrative-centres/.

● “Togo secures Chinese loan for Huawei e-govt network,” Telecompaper, November 17, 2010, available at https://www.telecompaper.com/news/togo-secures-chinese-loan-for-huawei-e-govt-network--768959.

● “Duo ge dianzi zhengwu xiangmu zhengshi qidong” (Togo e-government project officially launched), Economic and Commercial Counseling Office in Togo, March 12, 2015, available at http://tg.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201503/20150300919982.shtml.

● “Togo to connect administrative buildings to fibre optic network,” BizTechAfrica, March 12, 2015, available at https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/togo-connect-administrative-buildings-fibre-optic-/9862/.

ZM.001

● “PF Government single sources Huawei in a US$ 65.5 million scam for national ICT project,” Lusaka Times, January 15, 2015, available at https://www.lusakatimes.com/2015/01/05/pf-government-single-sources-huawei-us-65-5-million-scam-national-ict-project/.

● Michael Malakata, “Zambia's govt approves $65.5 million loan acquisition,” iTweb, March 27, 2015, available at https://itweb.africa/content/xnklOqzLbLG74Ymz.

● “Zambia hails partnership with Huawei in technology project,” Xinhua, June, 17, 2019, available at http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/17/c_138151132.htm.

● “New ICT Helps Build Smart Zambia,” Huawei, available at https://e.huawei.com/topic/leading-new-ict-en/smart-zambia-case.html.

ZW.004


● “TelOne to access China Exim Bank $98m loan facility,” Chronicle, January 13, 2016, available at https://www.chronicle.co.zw/telone-to-access-china-exim-bank-98m-loan-facility/.

● “Zimbabwe's state-owned telecoms firm launches Chinese-funded world class data center,” Xinhua, March 25, 2017, available at http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/25/c_136157465.htm.

● Tanwen Dawn-Hiscox, “Zimbabwe launches two data centers in partnership with Huawei,” Data Center Dynamics, March 24, 2017, available at https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/zimbabwe-launches-two-data-centers-in-partnership-with-huawei/.

RU.003 ● “E dianxin MTS jiang cong zhongguo guojia kaifa yinhang daikuan goumai huawei shebei” (Russia

Telecom MTS will purchase Huawei equipment from China Development Bank loan), Sputnik News, May 8, 2015, available at http://sputniknews.cn/economics/201505081014688189/.

● “2015 Annual Report,” MTS, June 23, 2016, available at http://s22.q4cdn.com/722839827/files/doc_financials/annual/2015/AnnualReport2015.pdf.

● “2014 & 2015 China Information Sheet-Release,” Export-Import Bank of the United States, June 30, 2016, available at https://www.exim.gov/sites/default/files/reports/competitiveness_reports/2015-2-2014%2B2015-China-Information.pdf.

RU.007

● “Russia's Megafon signs $600 mln loan agreements with China Development Bank,” Reuters, December 4, 2015, https://uk.reuters.com/article/russia-megafon-china-loans/russias-megafon-signs-600-mln-loan-agreements-with-china-development-bank-idUKR4N13Q00L20151204.

● “MegaFon Being Even Closer Annual Report 2015,” MegaFon PJSC, June 30, 2016, available at https://corp.megafon.com/ai/document/8710/file/MegaFon_annual_report_2015.pdf.

● “MegaFon secures $600m financing from CDB,” Capacity Media, September 4, 2015, available at https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3485765/White-Paper-Library.

● Irina Yuzbekova, “Kitayskiy

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