+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ......

Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ......

Date post: 18-Sep-2018
Category:
Upload: dinhminh
View: 214 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
21
Spanish Course Sigüenza 1 Spanish Course The Five Vowel Sounds: The secret behind the proper pronunciation in Spanish is in the mastery of the following rule: The Spanish language pronunciation is based on five basic unchangeable vowel sounds. These five basic Spanish sounds are represented by the five vowel letters. A E I O U (Bah ) (Be t) (Bee ) (po rt) (Boo ) No matter what consonant letter any of these vowel letters may be combined with, the sound of the vowel letter will never change . Ma Me Mi Mo Mu Sa Se Si So Su Ka Ke Ki Ko Ku Na Ne Ni No Nu Differences / Exceptions: 1. Contrary to the English language in which the letter H is sometimes pronounced, (Holy, Heart, etc.) and sometimes silent, (Hour, Honor, Honest.) in Spanish the letter H is always silent . Ha He Hi Ho Hu The equivalent of the English “H” sound is then created in Spanish by using the letter “J” Ja Je Ji Jo Ju 2. Another curious exception happens with the consonant letter “C”. Similar to English the letter C has a different pronunciation when paired up with the letters a, o and u, (Cat, Colt, Cut) than when it‟s paired up with the letter e or i. (Cement , City) In such cases the “k” sound is created by using the letters „Qu_‟ Ca Ce Ci Co Cu (Que) (Qui) Examples: Que so (Cheese) Qui eto (Quiet) Tequi la (alchoholic drink) 3. Another consonant letter characteristic of the Spanish Alphabet is the letter Ñ. Its sound is very similar to that which we find in the word “Cogna c.” Example: Maña na, Niñ o. Ña Ñe Ñi Ño Ñu The letter Ñ is also found in Señor (Gentleman) and Señora (Lady)
Transcript
Page 1: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 1

Spanish Course

The Five Vowel Sounds:

The secret behind the proper pronunciation in Spanish is in the mastery of the following

rule: The Spanish language pronunciation is based on five basic unchangeable vowel

sounds. These five basic Spanish sounds are represented by the five vowel letters.

A E I O U (Bah) (Bet) (Bee) (port) (Boo)

No matter what consonant letter any of these vowel letters may be combined with, the

sound of the vowel letter will never change.

Ma Me Mi Mo Mu

Sa Se Si So Su

Ka Ke Ki Ko Ku

Na Ne Ni No Nu

Differences / Exceptions: 1. Contrary to the English language in which the letter H is sometimes pronounced, (Holy,

Heart, etc.) and sometimes silent, (Hour, Honor, Honest.) in Spanish the letter H is always

silent.

Ha He Hi Ho Hu

The equivalent of the English “H” sound is then created in Spanish by using the letter “J”

Ja Je Ji Jo Ju

2. Another curious exception happens with the consonant letter “C”. Similar to English the

letter C has a different pronunciation when paired up with the letters a, o and u, (Cat, Colt,

Cut) than when it‟s paired up with the letter e or i. (Cement , City) In such cases the “k”

sound is created by using the letters „Qu_‟

Ca Ce Ci Co Cu (Que) (Qui)

Examples: Queso (Cheese) Quieto (Quiet) Tequila (alchoholic drink)

3. Another consonant letter characteristic of the Spanish Alphabet is the letter Ñ. Its sound

is very similar to that which we find in the word “Cognac.” Example: Mañana, Niño.

Ña Ñe Ñi Ño Ñu

The letter Ñ is also found in Señor (Gentleman) and Señora (Lady)

Page 2: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 2

4. A similar exception happens with the consonant letter “G”. Similarly to the letter C, it

has a different pronunciation when paired up with the letters a, o and u, than when it‟s

paired up with the letter e or i. In the case of e & i, the letter “G” sounds like our H

Ga Ge Gi Go Gu (Gato) (Gemelo) (Gitano) (Gordo) (Gusano)

Notice that in English we also pronounce Gallows, Governor & Gutter; differently than

Gemini or Giraffe

5. An interesting characteristic of the Spanish language is the use of the “Dieresis”, or the

“two dots” ¨ over the letter u → Ü ü. The use of the dieresis brings up the U sound which

otherwise is silent when combined with the letters e or i.. Example: Sigüenza, Vergüenza

Gua Güe Güi Guo Gu

Note: Without the ¨ (dieresis), the letter “u” is silent in words like Guerra (war) and Guía

(guide)

6. Similarly, The vowel sound will remain unchangeable even when more than one

consonant letter combine:

Dra Dre Dri Dro Dru

Pla Ple Pli Plo Plu

Bra Bre Bri Cho Chu

Examples: Padre (Father), Plato (Plate), Brinco (Jump) Brazo (Arm)

7. Finally, in English the sound of the h in the Ch letter combination sometimes is present

as in “Cherokee”, and sometimes is ignored, as in “Chemicals.” In Spanish the sound of

the Ch combination will always be the same:

Cha Che Chi Cho Chu

Examples: Charla (Chat), Cheque (Check), Chile (Pepper) Choza (HutChusma (Crowd)

Page 3: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 3

Los Números: (The Numbers)

The numbers in Spanish can be very easy to learn when we learn to follow the basic rules

of numerical construction.

1. Uno 11. Once 21. Veinte y uno (veintiuno)

2. Dos 12. Doce 22. Veinte y dos (veintidós)

3. Tres 13. Trece 23. Veinte y tres (Veintitrés)

4. Cuatro 14. Catorce 24. Veinte y cuatro

5. Cinco 15. Quince 25. Veinte y cinco

6. Seis 16. Dieciséis (diez y Seis) 26. Veinte y seis

7. Siete 17. Diecisiete (diez y Siete) 27. Veinte y siete

8. Ocho 18. Dieciocho (diez y ocho) 28. Veinte y ocho

9. Nueve 19. Diecinueve (diez y nueve) 29. Veinte y nueve

10. Diez 20. Veinte 30. Treinta

10. Diez 101. Ciento uno 0. Cero 1,000. Mil

20. Veinte 102. Ciento Dos 200. Doscientos 2,000. Dos mil

30. Treinta 103. Ciento tres 300. Trescientos 3,000. Tres mil

40. Cuarenta 104. Ciento cuatro 400. Cuatrocientos 4,000. Cuatro mil

50. Cincuenta 105. Ciento cinco 500. Quinientos 5,000. Cinco mil

60. Sesenta 106. Ciento seis 600. Seiscientos 6,000. Seis mil

70. Setenta 107. Ciento siete 700. Setecientos 7,000. Siete mil

80. Ochenta 108. Ciento ocho 800. Ochocientos 8,000. Ocho mil

90. Noventa 109. Ciento nueve 900. Novecientos 9,000. Nueve mil

100. Cien 110. Ciento diez 1000. Mil 10,000 Diez mil

Any numerical amount is created by the combination of these previous amounts.

I.e.: 1776 = Mil setecientos setenta y seis.

Nombres: (Names)

In Spanish, most Proper names for men end on the letters O or E. (with some exceptions:

Juan or Luis) Most proper names for women end on the letter A. (Also, with a few

exceptions)

Men’s names Women’s names Alejandro Alejandra

Alvaro Alicia

Andrés Andrea

Diego Barbara

Eduardo Beatriz

Carlos Carlota

Juan Juana

Luis Luisa

Page 4: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 4

Nombres Diminutivos (Diminutives)

Again, in the same manner that names in English are transformed to denote affection or

smallness: John → Johnny, Ann → Annie, Spanish names are also transformed by adding

the ending “ito” or “ita” to a name.

Men‟ names Women‟s names

Alvaro → Alvarito Ana → Anita

Arturo → Arturito Alma → Almita

Miguel → Miguelito Juana → Juanita

Enrique → Enriquito Rosa → Rosita

Sometimes, when a name ends on a consonant, a letter C may be added to complete the

ending.

Juan → Juancito Carmen → Carmencita

Javier → Javiercito Beatriz → Beatricita

Nombres Comunes: (Common nouns)

In Spanish, most common nouns are also affected by the masculine and feminine gender

endings.

Tío → Uncle Tía → Aunt

Niño → Child (male) Niña → Child (female)

Maestro → Teacher Maestra → Teacher

Adjetivos: (Adjectives)

Spanish Adjectives must also follow the Masculine or Feminine gender of the noun.

Adjectives ending on “e” usually do not change for either noun.

Alto → Alta = Tall Bueno → Buena = Good

Gordo → Gorda = Fat Malo → Mala = Bad

Rubio → Rubia = Blond Bonito → Bonita = Pretty

Grande → Grande = Big Pequeño → Pequeña = Small

VOCABULARY

1. Good Night = Buenas Noches 11. Miss/young Lady = Señorita

2. Please = Por favor 12. House = Casa

3. Car. = Carro 13. Good Afternoon = Buenas Tardes

4. Boy = Muchacho 14. Mister/Sir = Señor

5. Bull = Toro 15. Good-bye = Adios

6. Cow = Vaca 16. Thank You = Gracias

7. Chalk = Tiza 17. School = Escuela

8. Girl = Muchacha 18. Cat = Gato (a)

9. Woman = Mujer 19. Mrs./Lady = Señora

10.Man = Hombre 20. Good Morning = Buenos días

Page 5: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 5

Los Artículos: Indefinidos y Definidos The indefinite article “a” (non specific) and the definite article “the” (specific) are also

modified by the number and by the masculine of feminine gender given to the name.

A = un, una, unos, unas. The = El, La, Los, Las

Un muchacho (a boy) El muchacho (the boy)

Una muchacha (a girl) La muchacha (the girl)

Unos muchachos (some boys) Los muchachos (the boys)

Unas muchachas (some girls) Las muchachas (the girls)

Ejemplos: (Examples)

Un libro El libro

Un hombre El hombre

Unos Toros Los toros

Unas vacas Las vacas

Adjetivos Demonstrativos (This and That – These and Those.)

For nouns considered “masculine” (ending on O or E) Spanish uses Este or Ese. For nouns

considered “Feminine” (ending on A) Spanish uses Esta or Esa.

Este carro (This) Ese carro (That)

Estos carros (These) Esos carros (Those)

Esta casa (This) Esa casa (That)

Estas casas (These) Esas casas (Those)

Pronombres Demonstrativos (This one & That one – These ones & Those ones.)

These pronouns carry accents to differentiate themselves from the demonstrative

adjectives, in cases where ambiguity might exist.

Éste (This one) Ése (That one)

Éstos (These ones) Ésos (Those ones) Ésta (This one) Ésa (That one)

Éstas (These ones) Ésas (Those ones)

Libros

Page 6: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 6

Adjetivos Posesivos vs. Pronombres Posesivos

Possessive adjectives are the words used in place of articles to indicate to whom or to what

something belongs. In Spanish Grammar we can distinguish between Possessive adjectives and

Possessive pronouns. An adjetive “accompanies” a noun, a pronoun “replaces” it. These are

used to denote property, closeness or a close relationship with a grammatical person.

Adjetivos Posesivos Pronombres Posesivos

(My) Este es mi libro → Este libro es el mío (Mine)

(your) Este es tu libro (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo (Yours)

(His/her) Este es su libro Este libro es el suyo (His/hers)

(Our) Este es nuestro libro Este libro es el nuestro (Ours)

(Your*) Este es vuestro libro Este libro es el nuestro (Yours)

(Their) Este es su libro Este libro es el suyo (Theirs)

(My) Estos son mis libros → Estos libros son los míos (Mine)

(your) Estos son tus libros (Plural) Estos libros son los tuyos (Yours)

(His/her) Estos son sus libros Estos libros son los suyos (His/hers)

(Our) Estos son nuestros libros Estos libros son los nuestros (Ours)

(Your*) Estos son vuestros libros Estos libros son los vuestros (Yours)

(Their) Estos son sus libros Estos libros son los suyos (Theirs)

* Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third person singular (él, ella, Ud.) and plural (ellos, Uds.)

are identical.

Ejemplos: El hombre es mi maestro. Tu escuela es grande

La casa es tuya. Mi casa es tu casa

Los carros son nuestros La vaca gorda es la mía

Los Pronombres Posesivos

SINGULAR PLURAL Masculino Femenino Neutro Masculino Femenino

One Owner

1st person el mío la mía lo mío los míos las mías

2ndperson el tuyo la tuya lo tuyo los tuyos las tuyas

3rdperson el suyo la suya lo suyo los suyos las suyas

Several Owners

1st person el nuestro la nuestra lo nuestro los nuestros las nuestras

2ndperson el vuestro la vuestra lo vuestro los vuestros las vuestras

3.ª persona el suyo la suya lo suyo los suyos las suyas

Por example: «El nuestro es mejor que el tuyo» (Ours is better than yours)

Page 7: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 7

Adjetivos Posesivos y Pronombres Posesivos. (Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns)

Este es mi carro Este carro es mío (Mine)

Esta es mi casa Esta casa es mía

Estos son mis carros Estos carros son míos

Estas son mis casas Estas casas son mías

Este es tu carro Este carro es tuyo (Yours)

Esta es tu casa Esta casa es tuya

Estos son tus carros Estos carros son tuyos

Estas son tus casas Estas casas son tuyas

Este es su carro Este carro es suyo (His/hers)

Esta es su casa Esta casa es suya

Estos son sus carros Estos carros son suyos

Estas son sus casas Estas casas son suyas

Examples:

a. Este muchacho es alto, ese hombre es gordo.

b. Esta escuela es grande, esa casa es pequeña.

c. Estos toros son malos, esas vacas son gordas.

d. Esta es mi casa, esa es tuya.

Pronombres Sujetos (Personales)

The subject of a sentence is the person or thing which performs the action. Subject pronouns

replace this person or thing. You must understand subject pronouns before you begin conjugating

Spanish verbs, as the form of verbs changes for each one

SINGULAR PLURAL

Yo = I Nosotros = We

Tú*/ Usted** = You/ Thou Vosotros*** = You guys

Él = He Ustedes**** = You guys

Ella = She Ellos/ Ellas = They

Important observations:

* = Tú: carries an accent over the u in other to distinguish it from possessive article Tu.

** = Usted: is the formal form of “you” used to show respect or recognition of dignity.

*** = Vosotros: Plural way of “you”, used only in Spain or European Spanish.

**** = Ustedes: Plural form of “you”, used in Latin America and in the United States.

Page 8: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 8

Las Partes del Cuerpo Humano

Page 9: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 9

La Ropa (The Clothes): (Vocabulary)

1. La Camisa. 16. El Traje.

2. La Camiseta. 17. La Corbata.

3. Los Pantalones. 18. El Calzón corto (Calzoneta)

4. El Suéter. 19. El Cinturón.

5. La Pulsera. 20. La Hebilla.

6. El Arete. 21. Los Calcetines.

7. El Anillo. 22. La Chamarra (Chaqueta)

8. El Vestido. 23. El Abrigo.

9. El Sombrero. 24. Los Calzoncillos.

10. Los Lentes Oscuros. 25. La Gorra.

11. Los Zapatos. 26. La Sudadera.

12. Las Botas. 27. La Bolsa de Mano.

13. El Pañuelo. 28. Los Guantes.

14. La Blusa. 29. Las Medias.

15. La Falda. 30. Los Anteojos

Page 10: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 10

Verbos Regulares: (Regular Verbs)

Now that we have the pronouns, we move on to “the action”, that is the verbs. The verbs

communicate to us the kind of action that the nouns are performing. In Spanish, the regular

verbs are classified according to the ending into three different categories.

ar = Hablar = To speak

Verbos er = Comer = To eat

ir = Vivir = To live

The endings for each of these verbs change according to the person performing the action.

This is known as the conjugation.

Hablar Comer Vivir

Yo (I) Hablo Como Vivo

Tú (You) Hablas Comes Vives

Usted (Thou) Habla Come Vive

Él /Ella (He/ She) Habla Come Vive

Nosotros (We) Hablamos Comemos Vivimos

Vosotros (You guys) Habláis Coméis Vivís

Ustedes (You guys) Hablan Comen Viven

Ellos (They) Hablan Comen Viven

Some of the many -AR Regular verbs: amar to love llevar to take, to wear viajar to travel ayudar to help mandar to order tomar to take, drink bailar to dance marchar to march llamar to call cambiar to change mirar to watch, look hablar to speak caminar to walk montar to climb lavar to wash cantar to sing nadar to swim limpiar to clean dejar to leave olvidar to forget pagar to pay entrar to enter ganar to win, earn parar to stop esperar to wait, hope gastar to spend, waste preparar to prepare expresar to express tirar to pull, draw trabajar to work

Some of the many -ER Regular verbs: aprender to learn correr to run leer to read barrer to sweep cometer to commit romper to break beber to drink deber to owe, to ought to temer to fear comer to eat prender to catch, turn on toser to cough comprender to understand meter to put, insert vender to sell esconder to hide poseer to own, possess prometer to promise

Some of the many -IR Regular verbs: abrir to open aplaudir to applaud asumir to assume aburrir to bore, be boring discutir to discuss recibir to receive añadir to add subir to go up, climb escribir to write asistir to attend interrumpir to interrupt sufrir to suffer decidir to decide ocurrir to occur vivir to live presumir to presume partir to divide, break open, leave subir to climb

describir to describe permitir to allow, to permit unir to unite

Page 11: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 11

Verbos Irregulares: (Irregular Verbs)

A fourth category is known as stem-changing verbs, or verbs w/ spelling changes. These verbs take the same endings as regular verbs, but their root changes depending on the subject.

1. E changes to IE EXAMPLE: QUERER - To want

yo quiero nosotros queremos

tú quieres vosotros queréis

usted quiere ustedes quieren

él / ella quiere ellos quieren

Some of e to ie Stem-Changing verbs:

Advertir to warn divertirse to have fun quebrar to break Ascender to go up empezar to begin querer to want Atravesar to cross entender to understand perder to lose Cerrar to close mentir to lie preferir to prefer Comenzar to begin pensar to think Presentir to foresee Descender to go down sentarse to sit down sentir to feel Despertarse to wake up recomendar to recommend

2. O changes to UE EXAMPLE: PODER - can, to be able to yo puedo nosotros podemos tú puedes vosotros podéis usted puede ustedes pueden él / ella puede ellos pueden

Some of o to ue Stem-Changing verbs: Acostarse to go to bed encontrar to find Poder to be able to Almorzar to eat lunch doler to hurt probar to try Apostar to bet jugar* to play recordar to remember Contar to count morir to die soler to be used to costar to cost mostrar to show volar to fly dormir to sleep oler** to smell volver to return

* In jugar, the U changes to UE (juego, juegas...) ** In oler, the O changes to HUE (huelo, hueles...)

3. E changes to I EXAMPLE: REPETIR - to repeat

yo repito nosotros repetimos

tú repites vosotros repetís

él repite ustedes repiten

usted repite ellos repiten

Some of e to i Stem-Changing verbs: (only -IR verbs in this category): despedirse to say good-bye pedir to ask for sonreírse to smile gemir to moan, groan reír to laugh vestirse to dress impedir to prevent seguir to follow, continue medir to measure servir to serve

Page 12: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 12

“Boot Verbs” or Stem-Changing Verbs: (The Stem-Changing verbs are also known as

“Boot Verbs” because the stem does not change for the Nosotros or Vosotros form.

Pensar = To think (e→ie) Cerrar = To close (e→ie) Empezar = To begin (e→ie)

Recordar = To remember (o→ue)

Entender = To understand (e→ie)

Sentir = To feel (e→ie)

Almorzar = To eat lunch (o→ue) Costar = To cost (o→ue)

Recomendar = To recommend (e→ie) Querer = To Want (e→ie)

Preferir = To prefer (e→ie) Perder = To lose (e→ie)

Page 13: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 13

“Boot Verbs” or Stem-Changing Verbs: (The Stem does not change for the

Nosotros or the Vosotros form.

Encontrar = To find (o→ue) Mostrar = To show (o→ue) Poder = To be able, can (o→ue)

Morir = To die (o→ue)

Pedir = To request (e→i) Servir = To Serve (e→i) Repetir = To repeat (e→i)

Jugar = To play (u→ue)

Dormir = To sleep (o→ue) Volver = To return (o→ue)

Competir = To compete (e→i) Despedir(se) = To bid farewell (e→i)

Page 14: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 14

Irregular Verbs: Ser and Estar: To Be In Spanish the action of being, “To Be” is represented by two different verbs while in English we use only one. Spanish chooses to determine whether the act of being is permanent or temporary. The verbs Ser and Estar are both irregular verbs.

Conjugación (Present Tense)

Ser Estar Yo (I am) Soy Estoy Tú (You are) Eres Estas Usted (Thou are) Es Está Él (He is) Es Está Ella (She is) Es Está Nosotros (We are) Somos Estamos Vosotros (You guys are) Sois Estáis Ustedes (You guys are) Son Están Ellos (They are) Son Están

→ Permanent: Yo soy de South Bend (I am from South Bend)

Ser → Identity: Yo soy Juan Lopez (I am John Lopez)

→Nature: Yo soy humano (I am human)

→Trade/Occupation: Yo soy doctor (I am a doctor)

To be

→ Place Yo estoy en primer lugar (I am in first place)

→Location Yo estoy en mi casa. (I am in my house) Estar →Action Yo estoy hablando (I am speaking)

→ Condition* Yo estoy enfermo (I am sick)

→ Emotion Yo estoy alegre (I am happy) * = Subject to change

Yo soy mexicano pero yo estoy en South Bend. (I am Mexican but I am in South Bend ) (Permanent) Temporary

Maria es Americana pero ella está hablando Español. (Maria is American but she is speaking Spanish) (Permanent) Temporary

Tú eres Alma y tu estás muy alegre. (You are Alma and you are very happy.) (Permanent) Temporary

Nosotros somos Italianos y estamos visitando America. (We are Italians and we are visiting America.)

(Permanent) Temporary

Present Progressive (Present Continuous) The Spanish present progressive is usually formed with the present tense of estar + present participle of the action verb. In the same manner that English adds “ing” to a verb, so too Spanish does it by adding the ending “ando”, “iendo” (or yendo) to a verb.

ar verb “ando” Hablar = Hablando

“ing” er verb “iendo” Comer = Comiendo

ir verb “iendo” Vivir = Viviendo

Example: Yo estoy hablando (I am speaking) Ella esta comiendo (She is eating)

Page 15: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 15

Pronombres Interrogativos: Interrogative pronouns are those pronouns that are used almost exclusively in

questions. They are typically placed at or very near the beginning of a sentence.

Also, some of the pronouns exist in singular and plural forms and (in the case of

cuánto) masculine and feminine forms that should match the noun they stand for.

As you will notice, the interrogative pronouns are all spelled with accent marks

that do not affect the pronunciation. Many of the interrogative pronouns also can

be used in statements (as opposed to questions) without the accent mark.

¿Adónde? = To where? ¿Cuál? = Which?

¿Cómo? = How? ¿Cuáles? = Which ones?

¿Donde? = Where? ¿Quién? = Who (is)?

¿Cuándo? = When? ¿Quiénes? = Who (are)?

¿Cuánto? = How much? ¿Qué? = What?

¿Cuántos? = How many? ¿Por qué? = Why?

Quién, Quiénes: (who, whom) ¿Quién es tu amiga? (Who is your friend) ¿A quiénes

conociste? (Whom have you met?)

¿Quién es? (Who is it?) ¿Con quién andas? (Whom are you walking with?)

************************************************************************************

Qué: (what) The phrases por qué and para qué are usually translated as "why." Por qué is

more common than para qué. They are sometimes interchangeable; para qué can be used only

when asking about the intent or purpose of something.

¿Qué es esto? (What is this?) ¿Para qué es esto? (What is this for?)

************************************************************************************

Dónde: (where) To say "to where" use adónde instead of a dónde, which usually is considered

old-fashioned)

¿Dónde está? (Where is it?) ¿De dónde es Roberto? (Where is Roberto from?)

¿Adónde vas? (Where are you going to?)

************************************************************************************

Cuánto, cuánta, cuántos, cuántas: (how much, how many) The masculine form is used

unless in context it is known you are referring to an object or objects that are grammatically

feminine. For example, ¿cuántos? might mean "how many niños?" because niño is masculine,

while ¿cuántas? might mean "how many niñas?"

¿Cuánto hay? (How much is there?) ¿Cuántos hay? (How many are there?)

¿Cuántos niños hay? (How many boys are there?) ¿Cuántas niñas hay? (How many girls are there?)

************************************************************************************

Page 16: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 16

¿Dónde? (Where?)

¿De dónde es? (Origin) ¿Dónde está? (Location)

¿De dónde eres tú? (Where are you from? -Informal) ¿Dónde estás tú? (Where are you?)

¿De dónde es usted? (Where are you from? -formal) ¿Dónde está usted? (Where are you?)

Yo soy de South Bend (I am from South Bend) Yo estoy en mi casa (I am in my house)

¿De dónde es Ella? (Where is she from?) ¿Dónde está ella? (Where is she?)

Ella es de México (She is from Mexico) Ella está en su casa (She is in her house)

Mi Casa

¿Dónde

está....?

PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION

Adentro (de) = Inside (of) Detrás (de) = Behind (of)

Afuera (de) = Outside (of) Arriba (de) = Above (of)

Abajo (de) = Below (of) A la derecha (de) = to the right

Debajo (de) = underneath (of*) A la izquierda (de) = to the left

Delante (de) = In front (of) Al lado (de) = to the side (of)

Encima (de) = On top (of) Cerca (de) = Near / close to

Enfrente (de) = In front (of) Lejos (de) = Away (from)

¿Dónde está el techo? El techo está encima de la casa

¿Dónde está el sótano? El sótano está debajo de la casa

¿Dónde está la mujer? La mujer está a la derecha de la casa

¿Dónde está el hombre? El hombre está a la izquierda de la casa

¿Dónde está el perro? El perro está detrás de la casa

¿Dónde está el niño? El niño está adentro de la casa

¿Dónde está la puerta? La puerta está delante de la casa

¿Dónde está el árbol? El árbol está afuera de la casa

¿Dónde están las flores? Las flores están cerca de la casa

¿Dónde está el arbusto? El arbusto está lejos de la casa

Page 17: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 17

Vocabulary (Memorizing these words will aid in the

understanding of the upcoming material.)

(Las) Frutas = Fruit (Los) Colores = Colors

(Los) días = Days

(Las) Frutas = Fruit Amarillo (s) = Yellow (La) Tarde = Afternoon

(La) Naranja = Orange Azul (es) = Blue (La) Noche = Night

(La) Manzana = Apple Verde (s) = Green (El) Lunes = Monday

(La) Banana = Banana Rojo (s) = Red (El) Martes = Tuesday

(La) Pera = Pear Blanco (s) = White (El) Miércoles = Wednesday

(La) Toronja = Grapefruit Negro (s) = Black (El) Jueves = Thursday

(El) Limón = Lemon Gris (es) = Gray (El) Viernes = Friday

(Las) Uvas = Grapes Morado (s) = Purple (El) Sábado = Saturday

(Los) Cocos = Coconuts Celeste (s) = Light Blue (El) Domingo = Sunday

(El) hueso = Bone Café (s) = Brown (La) Semana = Week

(La) Canasta = Basket Anaranjado (s)= Orange

Los Colores (The colors)

¿Qué color es ....? What color is … ?

¿Qué color es la banana? La banana es amarilla* The banana is yellow.

¿Qué color es el mar? El mar es azul The sea is blue.

¿Qué color es el cielo? El cielo es celeste The sky is Sky blue.

¿Qué color son las hojas? Las hojas son verdes The leaves are green

¿Qué color es la manzana? La manzana es roja (rojo) The apple is red.

¿Qué color es la tiza? La tiza es blanca The chalk is white.

¿Qué color es la pizarra? La pizarra es negra. The blackboard is black.

¿Qué color son las uvas? Las uvas son moradas The grapes are purple.

¿Qué color es el pelo? El pelo es negro. The hair is black.

¿Qué color es la madera? La madera es café The wood is brown.

¿Qué color es la calabaza? La calabaza es anaranjada The pumpkin is orange.

* In Spanish, names of colors ending in “a” or “o” usually change to match the subject

Ejemplos:

El arco iris es de muchos colores The rainbow is of many colors.

El carro es color café. The car is brown in color.

La bandera es azul, rojo y blanco. The flag is blue, red and white.

El semáforo es verde, rojo y amarillo The traffic light is green, red & yellow

Mi camisa es roja, mi sueter es café My shirt is red, my sweater is brown. El limon es amarillo, la naranja es anaranjada The lemon is yellow, the orange is orange

Los colores de Marian HS. son Azul y blanco!

La canasta

El semáforo

Page 18: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 18

Greetings and Farewells

¡Bienvenido(a)! = Welcome! ¡Muy bien! = Very well!

¡Buenos días! = Good Morning! ¡Adios! = Good bye

¡Buenas tardes! = Good Afternoon! ¡Hasta Luego! = Until soon

¡Buenas noches! = Good Night! ¡Hasta mañana! = Until tomorrow

¡Hola! = Hello! ¡Nos vemos! = We‟ll see you!

¿Qué pasa? = What‟s happening? ¡Es un placer! = it‟s a pleasure!

¿Qué tal? = What‟s up? ¡Mucho gusto! = Much pleasure!

¿Cómo estás (tú)? = How are you? ¡Vaya con Dios!= Go with God!

Te presento a … = I introduce you to… ¡Hasta Pronto! = Until soon

¿De dónde eres tú? (Where are you from?)

¿De dónde eres tú? -Yo soy de Miami (Where are you from?) (I am from Miami)

¿De dónde es Francisco? - Francisco es de Puerto Rico (Where is Francisco from?) (He is from Puerto Rico)

¿De dónde es tu papá? -Mi papa es de México. (Where is your dad from?) (My dad is from Puerto Rico)

¿De dónde son tus amigos? -Mis amigos son de San Antonio. (Where are your friends from) (My friends are from San Antonio)

¿Cómo te llamas tú? (What do you call yourself? – What is your name?) ¿Cómo te llamas tú? -Me llamo Francisco Garcia. (What do you call yourself?) (I call myself Francisco Garcia)

¿Cómo se llama usted? -Me llamo Enrique Iglesias. (What do you call yourself?) (I call myself Enrique Iglesias)

¿Cómo se llama tu mamá? -Mi mamá se llama Alma Estrada. (What is your mom called?) (My mom is called Alma Estrada)

¿Cómo se llaman tus amigos? -Mis amigos se llaman Alma y Hugo. (What is your friends called?) (My friends are called Alma and Hugo)

Page 19: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 19

La Ropa

(The Clothing)

El Arete

El Cinturón ¿:::::::::

La Pulsera→

←La

Chamarra La Camiseta →

← El Pañuelo

El Chaleco

↓ ¿Y…Mis Pantalones?

La Falda

↓El Sombrero

La Blusa→

El Vestido→

Page 20: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 20

El

Guardaespaldas

El Estudiante Bibliotecaria El Soldado El Bombero

Las Profesiones

Guardaespaldas

El político El Dentista La enfermera La veterinaria

El Músico

El Plomero

El Carpintero

La Piloto

El Mecánico

El Cajero

El Sacerdote

La Secretaria

La Maestra La Mesera El Cocinero

El Camarógrafo El Policía

El Doctor

El Cantante

La Mesera

Page 21: Spanish Course - Home - Marian High School DE ESPAOL... · Spanish Course 1 Sigüenza ... (Singular) Este libro es el tuyo ... * Note that the Spanish possessive pronouns for third

Spanish Course Sigüenza 21

LA PIZARRA

LOS ESTUDIANTES

EL ENGRAPADOR

LA PLUMA

EL BORRADOR

LA COMPUTADORA

EL CUADERNO

CINTA INVISIBLE

EL ESCRITORIO

EL MAPA

LA MOCHILA

EL RELOJ

VENTILADOR

La Clase

EL MAESTRO

LA SILLA

EL PUPITRE

EL LIBRO

LA CALCULADORA EL LAPIZ

EL BOLÍGRAFO

LAS TIJERAS


Recommended