Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

A Vision For a Comprehensive TextbookBy

Robert Geisler, January 2003

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

The Plan

• Objective • Write A Comprehensive, Balanced, and Concise

Fundamental Core Textbook Connected to a Series of Monographs

• Scope • Fundamentals From Design to Manufacture

• Approach: • Both a Physical and Electronic Text Hot-Linked to

Supporting Monographs

• Resources: TBD• Schedule: TBD

The Competition

Proposed Textbook

Kruse (2002) Course on Fundamentals of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors

Salita (2002) Short-Course on Propulsion and Aerodynamics for Solid-Propellant Rockets

Sutton/Ross Solids (1976) Rocket Propulsion Elements

Shorr & Zaehringer (1967) Solid Rocket Technology

Davenas ((1993) Solid Rocket Propulsion Technology

Solid Rocket Motor Overview Fundamental Concepts Introduction Definitions and Fundamentals

NOT COVERED

Propulsion Elements for Solid Rocket Motors Internal Ballistics Thrust & Isp SF Ramjets and Ramrockets

Solid Rocket Motor Design Requirements Definition Internal Ballistics Analysis Design for Optimum Density/Isp Component Sel

Thrust of a Rocket Motor Momentum & Pressure Thrust Optimum Expansion Nozzle Divergence Losses Two-Phase-Flow Losses _________________________

NOT COVERED

Internal Ballistics Combustion Most of the Rest is

NOT COVERED

Motor Design Internal Ballistics Combustion Most of the Rest is

NOT COVERED

Combstion and Intenal Ballistics of Motors Steady-State Combustion

Propellant Determination of Requirements Tailor Propellant Formulation Ballistic & Combustion Char. Mechanical Property Meas. Pe

Propellant Burning Rate Mechanism Heat Feedback Types of Solid Propellants Formulation Variable Effects Measur

Propellant Generation: Formulation, Mixing, Casting __________________________ Propellant Combustion (two-phase thermochemical equilibrium and non-equilibrium, droplet sizes, instability)

Propellant: Formulation Processing Toxicity Gas Generators ___________________ Propellant Burning Rate:

Propellant Chemistry Families and Use of Solid Propellants Missiles and Space Launchers Artillery Gas Generators Igniters

Propellant Grain Design Ballistic Design Structural Design

Solid Propellant Grain Design Structural Loads Propellant Properties Effect of Polymer Properties Time, Rate & Temp. Effects Failure Criteria

NOT COVERED

Grain Design: Ballistics Structural Analysis

Grain Structural Analysis Solid Propellant Grain Design Ballistic Grain Design Structural Grain Design Grain Reliability

Motor Case Design Composite or Metal Presure Vessel Design Flight Load Estimate

NOT COVERED NOT COVERED NOT COVERED NOT COVERED NOT COVERED

The Competition (Continued)

Proposed Textbook

Kruse (2002) Course on Fundamentals of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors

Salita (2002) Short-Course on Propulsion and Aerodynamics for Solid-Propellant Rockets

Sutton/Ross Solids (1976) Rocket Propulsion Elements

Shorr & Zaehringer (1967) Solid Rocket Technology

Davenas ((1993) Solid Rocket Propulsion Technology

Thermal Insulation Liners and Inhibitors Materials & Properties Processing Typical Compositions

NOT COVERED

Material Erosion: surface thermochemistry, heat conduction and material ablation, closed-form solutions

NOT COVERED NOT COVERED

Thermal Insulation Liners and Inhibitors Materials & Properties Processing Typical Compositions

Nozzle Design Entrance-Throat-Exit Cone Thermal/Structural Analysis Material Selection/Properties Thrust Vector Control Test-Evaluation-Scale

Nozzle Flow Nozzle Gas Flow Role of the Nozzle Governing Equations Convergent-Divergent nozzles Gas Flow in Nozzles ___

Nozzle Flow Analysis: geometric description, optimization, startup, 1D vs 2D, equilibrium vs kinetic, (SPP)

Nozzle Theory & Thermodynamic Relatonis

Thrust Vector Control Most of the Rest is

NOT COVERED NOT COVERED

Igniter Design Pyrotechnic Pyrogen Ignition Delay Deterrmination

Motor Ignition Ignition Process Conservation Equations Ignition Delay dp/dt Extinguishment

Propellant Ignition: Grain Preheating Ignition Criteria Flame Spreading Ignition Flow Mode

Components: Igniters Case Thrust Termination System Nozzle Thrust Vector Control

Ignition

NOT COVERED

Motor Manufacturing Tooling Case Fabrication and Proof Case Prep & Insulation Propellant C

Propellant Formulation and Manufacture Formulation and Performance Polymer/Plasticizer Binders Fuel Additives Oxidizers Low Observable Propel

NOT COVERED NOT COVERED

Motor Manufacturing

NOT COVERED

Motor Demonstration Performance/Static Test Observables Structural Hazards

Plume Signaure Analysis: simplified model that emulates SPURC and SIRRM2)

Static Testing Sea Level Altitude Inst., Pc, F, TC Accel, Strain Exhaust Plumes:

Hazards of Solid Rocket Motors ____________________ Isp Prediction & Measurement ____________________ Plume, Signal Inteference and Plume Signature

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Contents Summary

• Chapter 1: Solid Rocket Motor Overview• Chapter 2: Solid Rocket Motor Design• Chapter 3: Propellant• Chapter 4: Propellant Grain Design• Chapter 5: Motor Case Design• Chapter 6: Thermal Insulation• Chapter 7: Nozzle Design• Chapter 8: Igniter Design• Chapter 9: Motor Manufacturing• Chapter 10:Motor Demonstration

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 1

• Solid Rocket Motor Overview• General Principles• Applications

• Tactical• Strategic• Space• Multi-Disciplinary

• Requirements

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 2

Solid Rocket Motor Design• Requirements Definition • Internal Ballistics Analysis • Design for Optimum Density/Isp• Component Selection• Design for Combustion Stability

• Motor /Stage V Optimization

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 3

Propellant• Determination of Requirements• Tailor Propellant Formulation • Ballistic & Combustion Evaluation• Mechanical Property Measurement• Performance Evaluation• Hazards Determination

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 4

Propellant Grain Design • Ballistic Design• Structural Design

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 5

Motor Case Design• Composite or Metal • Pressure Vessel Design • Flight Load Estimate

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 6

Thermal Insulation • Liners and Inhibitors • Materials & Properties • Processing • Typical Compositions

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 7

Nozzle Design• Entrance-Throat-Exit Cone• Thermal/Structural Analysis• Material Selection/Properties• Thrust Vector Control• Test-Evaluation-Scale

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 8

Igniter Design• Pyrotechnic• Pyrogen• Ignition Delay Determination

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 9

Motor Manufacturing • Tooling • Case Fab., Proof, Prep, & Insulation • Propellant Cast, Cure, Trim • Nozzle/Exit Cone Fabrication• Nozzle/Exit Cone & TVA Assembly• Final Motor Assembly NDT, Acceptance

Solid Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals

Chapter 10

Motor Demonstration • Performance/Static Test • Observables • Structural • Hazards • Surveillance and Aging • Cost & Materials Sustainability • Environmental Safety • Ultimate Demilitarization