Structure IISpring 2014

Pertemuan 5: 30 Maret 2013Modul 5 : Infinitives and Gerunds IModul 6 : Infinitives and Gerunds II

Bonita Dilasari

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

MODUL 5 : INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS I

Infinitives and Gerunds I

Unit 1 Introduction to Infinitives and Gerunds

Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions Unit 3 Gerunds as Objects of Verbs Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

Finite and Non-Finite Verbs

Finite VerbsFinite Verbs are those verbs that have a definite relation with the subject or noun. These verbs are usually the main verb of a clause or sentence and can be changed according to the noun. She walks home. - Here we see that the finite verb is walks and the pronoun is 'she'. She walked home. - Here we can see how the verb changed/modified to change the

tense of the sentence.

Non-Finite Verbs These verbs cannot be the main verb of a clause or sentence as they do not talk about the action that is being performed by the subject or noun. They do not indicate any tense. They are used as nouns, adverbs and adjectives. He loves camping in the woods. - Here the non-finite verb is camping and it is used

as a noun. These kind of non-finite verbs are called Gerunds. I need to go to sleep. - Here the non- finite verb phrase is to sleep, it is acting as a

noun. Non-finite verbs that use ‘to’ before them are called Infinitives. The sleeping dog caused a delay. - The non-finite verbs that have ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ as

suffixes and cause the verb to come an adjective are called Participles.

Unit 1 Introduction to Infinitives and GerundsA . Infinitives

(to) + Verb 1

Tuti studies very hard to pass the final exam. She wakes up very early in the morning and goes to sleep after midnight everyday. Sometimes she forgets to eat or to take a shower.

Unit 1 Introduction to Infinitives and GerundsB . Gerunds

Verb 1 + ing

1. Gerund sebagai subjek2. Gerund sebagai objek kata kerja3. Gerund sebagai objek preposisi4. Gerund sebagai pelengkap

Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions

fromwithoutaboutfromin

+ verb – ing

be given tobe used tobe accustomed tolook forward toobject topleed innocent (guilty) to

+ verb – ing

Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions

keep onput offgo onbe interested in

+ verb – ing

approve/disapprove ofbe afraid ofbe excited aboutbe good atcare aboutinsist on....

+ verb – ing

Fixed preposition

Fixed phrase

Unit 3 Gerunds as Objects of Verbs

AppreciateWorthRiskPreventForgiveDread

Verbs can only be followed by gerund

AdmitEscapeAvoidRecentCompleteConsider

EnjoyPracticeFinishPreferQuitResist

RecallDenyMind ImagineKeepPostpone

DelaySuggest

Do you mind ...?Would you mind ...?

Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

Waiting is boring. To wait for him for hours is boring. Writing is not that difficult. To write a poem is not that difficult.

Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

It’s nice ... It’s worth ... It’s no use ... It’s not much good ...

for + object + infinitive

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBR2G-iI3-I

MODUL 6 : INIFINITIVES AND GERUNDS II

Unit 1 Verbs Followed by Infinitives

a. Afford tob. Agree toc. Appear tod. Arrange toe. Care tof. Decided tog. Deserve toh. Demand toi. Expect toj. Endeavor to

1. Kelompok 1 (Verb + Infinitve)

k. Fail tol. Hesitate tom. Hope ton. Learn too. Plan top. Pretendq. Promiser. Refuses. Seemt. struggle

u. Swearv. Threatenw. Volunteerx. Wait

Unit 1 Verbs Followed by Infinitives

a. Allowb. Causec. Challenged. Convincee. Commandf. Dareg. Encourageh. Forbidi. Forcej. Hire

2. Kelompok 2 [Verb + Pro(noun) + Infinitive

k. instructl. Invitem. Obligen. Ordero. Permitp. Persuadeq. Remindr. Tachs. Tellt. Urgeu. warm

Unit 1 Verbs Followed by Infinitives

a. Askb. Begc. Expectd. Wante. Wishf. Promise

3. Kelompok 3Kata-kata kerja yang dapat diikuti oleh infinitive dan bisa juga diikuti oleh noun/pronoun, kemudian infinitive

Unit 2 Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds

Kata-kata kerja yang memiliki pengertian berbeda ketika diikuti oleh infinitives dan diikuti oleh gerunds:

• begin*• prefer**• continue• dislike• dread• intend• love • hate

• neglect• plan• start

o can’t bearo can’t stando can’t help

Unit 3 Verbs That Have Different Meanings When Followed Either by a Gerund or an Infinitive

forget like remember regret try need* require* stop

Unit 4 ‘By’ and ‘With’ Used to Show How Something is Done

Penggunaan by apabila kita mengatakan apa yang kita lakukan untuk memperoleh hasil yang kita inginkan.

1. Dalam kalimat pasif, by digunakan sebagai (penunjuk) pelaku.

2. By dapat digunakan untuk mengacu pada alat transportasi.

3. Penggunaan by yang berkaitan dengan waktu.

Sementara penggunaan with untuk menyatakan bagaimana seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu.

Unit 4 ‘By’ and ‘With’ Used to Show How Something is Done

Harry Potter story is written by J.K. Rowling. I like traveling by train. You must arrive here by ten a.m. They made a living by fishing and hunting. Fire was kept all night by covering the coals

and wood with ashes. The hair is cut with scissors.

Unit 5 Infinitives with ‘Too’ and ‘Enough’

A. Too

Noun/ Noun phrase + be/Verb + too + adjective/ noun + to infinitive

Noun/ Noun phrase + be/Verb + too + adjective/ noun + for + object + to infinitive

Unit 5 Infinitives with ‘Too’ and ‘Enough’

A. Too

He has too much book to read. The task is too difficult for me to do. She walks too fast for the others to follow.

Unit 5 Infinitives with ‘Too’ and ‘Enough’

B. Enough

Noun/ Noun phrase + be/Verb + Adjective/ Adverb + enough + for + object + to infinitive

His grades are good enough for him to pass the exam. The speed is not fast enough for the car to win the race.