Subject index
ABC 16, 34-35, 48Acetylcholine 5-6Acetylcholinesterase 5, 7, 46Acinar cells, pancreas 29, 64Acinar cells, parotid 35, 39, 59Actin 34, 46Adrenals 34Advances in mICrowave fixation equipment
101Affinity labelling 33, 40, 102Agar-saline-Giemsa 76, 89AgNOR 16AIDS 4Alcohol 12, 17-19, 31, 37, 99-100Aldehyde- advantages of using aldehyde mixtures 27- diffusion of aldehyde 65-66- effects of microwaves on aldehyde 67Alpha-helical conformation 61Alphanumeric grid 94-95Amylase 18-19, 34-35, 37, 39, 46, 59Animal cells- acinar cells, pancreas 29, 64- acinar cells, parotid 35, 39, 59- eosinophils 33, 35- endothelial cells 29, 43, 55- epithelial cells, duodenal 61- fibroblast 19- ganglion 34- germ cell 48- hepatocytes 1, 3, 19, 29, 75- HL-60 35- lymphocyte 37- macrophage 20- mast cell 39, 57- neuron 15-17, 71- oocytes 97- pnuemocytes 43- promylocytic leukemia cell line 35- red blood cells 3, 25, 29, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61,
63,70- Sertoli cells 95Animal species- beetle 43
- cat 97- guinea pig 33;-35, 96-97- human 2-3, 6-7, 16-17, 19-20, 33-35, 40,
46--48, 55, 61-63, 65, 71,98-99, 102- mouse 2,19-20,23,27,29,33,35,39,43,51,
53,70-71- rabbit 57, 59- rat 1-3, 6-7,13,15-16,25,27,29,31,33-35,
37, 39--41, 43, 45--48, 55, 57, 59, 61, 64-65,70-71, 74, 81, 87-88, 97
- rodent 3, 5, 11, 29, 43, 63, 79- sheep 61- squid 45Animal tissues 102- adrenals 34- bladder 34- blood 8- brain 2, 5-7, 16, 21, 27, 43, 46, 62, 76, 79- breast 16, 33, 40, 43, 46, 55- bronchial 19- cardiac 51- cartilage 75- cerebral 20, 23- cervical 34- cervix 33, 55- ciliary epithelial 2- collagen 16-19, 34, 37, 39, 46--47, 61- colon 16, 33-34, 55- conjunctiva 34- connective tissue 15, 19,27,31- cortex 20, 23- dermal 1-2, 61- duodenum 16, 34, 46, 61- endometrium 34, 55- epithelium 15, 19, 25, 27, 29, 43- erythrocytes 57, 95- Eustachian tube 34- eye 2, 75- gastrectomy 76- gastrointestinal 40, 46- gonad 35- hair follicle 33- heart 29, 34, 37, 45,51, 53, 100- hepatic 29
- hippocampal 7, 27, 41, 70- hippocampus 2- ileum 34- intestine 13, 15, 76- kidney 19, 34-35, 40-41, 46, 48, 61, 65,71,
76- liver 16-17,19,27,29,34,39-41,43,45-46,
62-63, 65, 76, 87-88, 96-97- lung 16, 20, 25, 29, 34, 43, 76- lymph 40, 47- mesothelioma 16- muscle 27, 31, 34, 51, 53, 76- myocytes 51- nerve 33-34- ovary 2, 34, 46- pancreas 29, 34, 46, 64- parathyroid 7- placenta 2, 46- prostate 16, 34, 71- renal 2, 19, 46- retina 45- salivary 27, 39, 46- sciatic nerve 34- sebaceous glands 27- skin 16, 27, 33-35, 76- spinal cord 13, 16, 34, 40- spleen 16, 34-35, 43, 47- stomach 16- teeth 75- testis 34, 46- tibialis 34- tonsil 16, 48Anode 72Antibodies- anti-biotin 40- anti-chymase 57- anti-chymotrypsin 16- anti-peroxidase 17, 43, 47- anti-rabbit 59- anti-rat 57, 59Antigen retrieval 8Antigens localized in microwave fixed tissue-
actin 34, 46- AgNOR 16- amylase 18-i9, 34-35, 37, 39, 46, 59- amyloid 2, 16- aromatase 2, 46- B cell markers 41- C3, complement 46, .t8
Subject index . 121
- CAM 16, 71- carcinoembryonic antigen 15-16, 18, 33,
40-41,46,55,71- CD, Band T cell markers 46- Charcot-Leyden crystal 33- chromogranin 15-17,33, 55, 71- chymase 2, 33, 39, 57- chymotrypsin 15, 18-19,34,46- chymotrypsinogen 37, 39, 47- Clq 48- Clq, complement 48- collagen 16-19, 34, 37, 39, 46-47, 61- cytokeratins 18, 41- desmin 15-18, 34, 37, 45, 48, 71- DRC-l 48- epithelial membrane antigen 55- factor VIII 15-18, 33, 34, 37, 55, 71- FH, adenocarcinoma associated glycopro-
tein 46- fibrinogen 34, 46- fibrinogen-fibrin 34- fibronectin 15-17, 34- glycerophosphate 40- heat shock protein 16, 40- hepatitis B surface antigen 15, 17- histamine 2, 34, 39, 61- HLA-DR 48- IgA 16, 46, 48- IgG 16, 46, 48, 57, 59- IgM 16, 46-48- Kappa 16, 19,45,47-48- keratin 16, 18, 33, 37, 71- lactalbumin 71- Lambda 35, 47-48- laminin 15-19, 34, 37, 39, 46-47- Leu 15-19, 37, 45-47,71- leukocyte common antigen 15-17,33-3547,
55,71- LN, Band T cell markers 15, 17-18, 34,
37,40-41- lysozyme 16, 66, 71- MAC-2 41, 43- MHC 33- microtubule associated proteins 16- muscle specific actin 34- neurofilament 2, 16,46- nucleotidase 34, 46- OKT, T cell marker 48- pathogenesis-related proteins 34
122 . Subject index
- prostate specific antigen 16, 71- S-100 33-34, 40- tau proteins 2, 16- thrombomodulin 2, 46- transglutaminase 15-17,20- transpeptidase 18, 34, 37, 39- tubulin 3,15-17,34,46- tumor necrosis factor 2-3, 34-35- UCHL, T cell antigen 40- vascular permeability factor 35- vimentin 15, 17- vitamin D receptor 3, 15-17Applicator, wave guide 79-81Arcing 100Areas of discoloration 85Aromatase 2, 46Arsenical 29Artifacts 4,12,13,61,69,71,75,77,94-95,102ASG blocks 89, 91, 93-94Attenuation 87, 91Azodye 16Azure 89
B cell markers 41, 47Bacillus subtilis 97Beetle 43Best location for specimen fixation 94Biologic grade glutaraldehyde 67-68Biotin-labelled 40Bladder 34Bleb formation 20Blood 3-4, 8, 25, 29, 34-35, 43, 47, 51, 55,
57, 61, 63, 70, 95Boiling 100Bouin's fixative 40Bovine 2, 7, 13, 15-16Bovine serum albumin 13, 15Breast 16, 33, 40, 43, 46, 55bubble nucleation 100Bubble mixing 70
C3, complement 46, 48CD, Band T cell markers 46Cadaver 19Calcified 75Calcitonin gene-related, peptide 2Calcitriol 2Calibration 92-95, 102Calorimeters 69
CAM 16, 71cAMP 2, 15-17Carbodiimide 19, 25, 27, 35, 47Carbohydrate-water 89Carcinoembryonic antigen 15-16, 18,33,
40-41,46,55,71Carcinomas 2Cardiac 51Cartilage 75Cat 97Cataract formation 98Cathode 72Caustic 98-100Cells in suspension 4, 79, 81, 95Ceramic turntable 7Cerebral 20, 23Cerium ions 20Cervical 34Cervix 33, 55Cetyl pyridinium chloride 33cGMP 2, 15-17Charged molecules 51Chemical fixatives 1Chemical fixatives, limitations 1Chemical forces 55Choke 81
, Chromatin 20, 23, 39, 43, 65Chromatin condensation 39, 43Chromogranin 15-17, 33, 55, 71Chymase 2, 33, 39, 57Chymotrypsin 15, 17,71Chymotrypsinogen 18, 19,34,37,39,46,47Ciliary epithelial cells 2Circuits that discriminate between electroma
gnetic wave forms 99Circular dichroism 61Classification system for microwave methods
1, 10Classification of antigens 3Clotting factor activity 57Clq, complement 48Collagen 16-19, 34, 37, 39, 46-47, 61Collidine buffer 27Colloidal gold 35Colon 16, 33-34, 55Color changes of the agar-saline-Giemsa
blocks 91Colorectal 2, 34-35Con A 40
Conductive heating 3, 13,25,57,62,65,68-69,71, 74-77, 91, 94, 98, 96, 102
Conjunctiva 34Connective tissue 15, 19,27,31Container shape 76Corrosive 98Cortex 20, 23Cross-linking 1, 12,37,41,61,65-66,95Crustaceans 13Cryofixation 45Cryosectioning 12Cryostat 6Cycle time 7, 72, 79Cytokeratins 18, 41
Decalcification 1, 8Dehydrogenase 46Denaturation 8, 10, 57Dendrites 70Dermal 1-2, 61Desiccation 13Desmin 15-18, 34, 37, 45, 48, 71Desmosome 33Devices for ultrafast fixation 79Dielectric 53, 81, 87, 101Dipolar 3, 8, 51, 53Dipole rotation 51Disinfectant 99DNA 15DRC-148Duodenal epithelial cells 61Duodenum 16, 34, 46
E-field 82Eimeria neischulzi 97Electromagnetic spectrum 9, 101Electrophoresis 9Embedding 4, 8, 89, 95Embedment 43Embryonated 97Embryonated eggs 97Endometrium 34, 55Endoplasmic reticulum 20, 23, 29, 39, 43, 45,
59Endothelial cells 29, 43, 55Endpoint for microwave fixation 68Enolase 15-17, 71Enterobacter cloacae 97Enterococcus 97
Subject index . 123
Eosin 15,25,27, 61, 63, 89Eosinophils 33, 35Epithelial membrane antigen 55Epithelium 15, 19, 25, 27, 29, 43Epitope 15, 17Epon 43, 95-96- microwave polymerization of Epon 7Equilibration 69-70Erythrocytes 57, 95Escherichia coli 97Esterase 16Estrogen 1-2Ethandiole 89Ethanol 3, 15, 19, 25, 27, 45, 63, 98Ethylene 89Eustachian tube 34Exhaust 81, 92, 100Exoglycanase 35Eyes 2, 75
Fast, primary microwave-chemical fixation 2FH, adenocarcinoma associated glycoprotein
46Fiberoptic 82Fibrinogen 34, 46Fibrinogen-fibrin 34Fibroblast 19Fibronectin 15-17, 34Filament 81Final irradiation temperature 63, 68, 71Fixation of whole organs 71, 76Flammable 99-100Fluorescence 20Formaldehyde- formaldehyde in aqueous solution 66- radiolabelled formaldehyde 7, 62Formalin 7, 13, 37, 55Free radicals 9Freeze-drying 67Fume hood 99-100Fungus 18, 40-41
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 71Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 18,37,39Ganglion 34Gastrectomy 76Gastrointestinal 40, 46Ghosts of red blood cells 25
124 . Subject index
Giemsa stain 29, 31, 51, 64, 76, 89, 91,93-94, 96, 102
Glomeruli 61Glutaraldehyde:- biologic grade glutaraldehyde 68, 67- glutaraldehyde-steam 98- monomeric glutaraldehyde 68- polymeric glutaraldehyde 67-68Glutathione peroxidase 1, 3, 19,46-47Glycerin 47, 89Glycerin-freeze 47Glycerophosphate 40Glycogen 13, 29, 43Glycolmethacrylate 95Glycoprotein 35Gold-labelled 57, 59Gold-protein-ligand 8Golgi 41Gonad 35Guinea Pig 33-35, 96-97
Hair follicle 33Hazards 79, 98-100Heart 29, 34, 37, 45, 51, 53, 100Heat matched controls 61Heat shock protein 16, 40Hematoxylin 15, 25, 27, 61, 63Hemoglobin 66Hemolysis 57Hepatic 29Hepatitis 4,15,17Hepatitis B surface antigen 15, 17Hepatocytes 1, 3, 19, 29, 75Hippocampal 7, 27, 41, 70Hippo.campus 2Histamine 2, 34, 39, 61Histochemistry 13, 16, 33, 45-46, 48, 102HL-60 35Human 2-3, 6-7,16-17,19-20,33-35,40,
46-48, 55, 61-63, 65, 71, 98-99, 102Hyaluronan 3, 18, 34, 35, 39Hydroxyethylmethacrylate 95
Ia 18-19, 35, 37, 45, 47Ice crystal 3, 7, 12, 45IgA 16, 46, 48IgG 16, 46, 48, 57, 59IgM 16,46-48Ileum 34
Illumination pattern 85-86Immunocytochemical 2-3, 7, 12, 17,39,47,59Immunoelectron 37Immunofluorescence 8, 17, 47-48Immunogold 5, 35, 40, 47, 57, 59Immunohistochemical 1, 5, 12, 17,37,41,71Immunolabelling 20Immunoperoxidase 5, 7, 55In situ hybridization 1, 8In situ stabilization 6, 11, 13, 16,20,21,23, 79Infectious agents 99Infrared photography 87, 89Inhomogeneous heating 87Intestine 13, 15, 76Intracellular 1-3, 20Ionic conduction 3, 51, 53Ionization 9Ionizing radiation 101-102Irradiation time 3, 66, 68, 71-73, 93, 95, 98Isocitrate dehydrogenase 46Isotropic 82
Junctions 43
Kappa 16, 19, 45, 47-48Keratin 16, 18,33, 37, 71Kidney 19, 34-35, 40-41, 46, 48, 61, 65, 71, 76Kinetic energy 53Klebsiella pneumoniae 97
Lactalbumin 71Lactoferrin 46Lambda 35, 47-48Lamellae 25Laminin 15-19, 34, 37, 39, 46-47Leaf 34, 41Leakage monitor 98Lectin 8, 35, 39-41Lectin-cytochemistry 39Leu 15-19,37,45-47,71Leukemia 35Leukocyte 15-17,33-35, 47, 55, 71Leukocyte common antigen 15-17, 33-35, 47,
55,71Lipid 1, 45, 62Lipid bodies 45Liquid helium 66, 102Liver 16-17, 19,27,29,34,39-41,43,45-46,
62-63, 65, 76, 87-88, 96-97
LN, Band T cell markers 15, 17-18, 34, 37,40-41
Localization of oven 102Lung 16, 20, 25, 29, 34, 43, 76Lymph 40, 47Lymphocyte 37Lysozyme 16, 66, 71
MAC-2 41, 43Macrophage 20Magnesium 25, 27Magnetron 7, 72, 77-79, 81, 93-94, 102Malachite green 27Malignant 16Mapping the major hot spots 93Mast cell 39, 57Mastectomy specimens 76Matching sample size to oven cavity size 78Matrix 45, 59Measured leakage 99Mechanisms of microwave interaction- nonthermal 55, 62, 96, 98- thermal 51, 55, 61-62, 67, 87-88, 96,
100-101Membranes 1, 8, 20, 23, 27, 39, 48, 57, 59, 101Mercuric chloride 25Mesothelioma 16Methanol 89Methylene glycol 66MHC 33Microbes 96Microclusters 66Microtubule associated proteins 16Microwave field 53, 57, 79, 83Microwave leakage 81, 98-99Microwave power 3, 62, 66, 68, 72-76, 79,
81-83, 85-87, 92-94, 96, 98-100- continuous 72, 74, 81, 85- pulsed 74-75, 101Microwave pressure cooker 98Microwave quantum 55Microwave-aldehyde 3, 6, 31, 65Microwave-chemical 2, 4, 6-7, 10-12, 15,
18-20,23,25,29,31,33,37,39,41,43,48,55, 57, 59, 61-64, 75, 79, 81, 92
Microwave-freezing 45Microwave-induced 62, 88Microwave-osmium 2-3, 7Microwave-stabilized 2
Subject index . 125
Misuse of household microwave 98Mitochondria 1, 3, 20, 23, 27,33,37,39,41,43,
53, 59, 65, 87Mode stirrer 82Monitoring 68- parameters 3, 29, 68Monolayers 6, 19, 81Morphometric analysis 27Mouse 2, 19-20, 23, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 43, 51,
53,70-71mRNA2Muco-substances 16Multimode cavity 78Muscle 27, 31, 34, 51, 53, 76Muscle specific actin 34Mycobacterium tuberculosis 97Myelin 3, 20, 23, 33Myocytes 51Myofibrils 37, 53
Napkins 85Necrosis 2-3, 34-35Neon bulb array 72-73, 85, 93-94, 102Nerve 33-34Neuroendocrine 55Neurofilament 2, 16,46Neuron 15-17, 71Neuropeptide 41, 43Neurotransmitters 62Neurotubules 20, 23, 33Nomenclature 8Non-ionizing 8Nonpigmented 2Nonsporulated 97Nuclear condensation 15Nucleotidase 34, 46Nucleotide 19
OKT, T cell marker 48Oncogene 2Oocytes 97Oscillating 8, 51Osmium tetroxide 3, 25, 27, 35, 37, 39, 95, 100Osmometers 3Ovary 2, 34, 46Oxidase 39, 43
p53 18, 34, 37Pacemakers 99
126 . Subject index
Pancreas 29, 34, 46, 64Parasites 96-97Parathyroid 7Parenchymal cells 29Penetration 13, 29, 45, 62, 65, 75-77, 96Pentameric microclusters of water
molecules 66Peptide 2, 95, 101Perfusion 7, 12, 23, 27, 29, 41, 47Periodic acid Schiff 17Periodicity of the magnetron's on/off cycle 72Permeabilize 20Peroxidase 1, 3, 17, 19, 33, 35, 39, 43, 46-47Peroxisomes 39, 43Phantoms 87Phosphatase 16, 33-34, 39-41, 46,71Picric acid 25Placenta 2, 46Plant tissues 25, 65, 75- amyloplasts 25- grana thylakoids 25- starch grain organelles 25Plexiglass 85Plywood 85Pnuemocytes 43Polar side chains 53Polyacrylamide gel 89Polychromatic stain 89Polyethylene glycol 18, 35, 48Polymers of glutaraldehyde 68Polysaccharide 33Post-embedding 39Post-fixed 41, 95Post-irradiation 70
Postsynaptic 23Potassium dichromate 25Precautions 99Pressure 98, 101Processing 4,7-8,29,31,37,39,62,64,77,95Propylene oxide-Epon 96Prostate 16, 34, 71Prostate specific antigen 16, 71Protease digestion 37Protein coagulation 61Protein-A 8Proteus mirabilis 97Prototype microwave device 6, 29, 31, 43, 48,
51, 53, 81, 88Protozoan 96
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 97Pulsed power 74, 101Pyknotic 13, 27
Quantitative 1, 27, 47, 51, 102
Rabbit 57, 59Radiolabel 63Rapid drying 8Rat 1-3, 6-7, 13, 15-16,25,27, 29, 31, 33-35,
37,39-41,43,45-48,55,57,59,61,64-65,70-71, 74, 81, 87-88,97
Rat peritoneal mast cells 2Red blood cells 3, 25, 29, 47, 51, 55, 57,61,63,
70Relaxation time 66Renal 2, 19, 46Reproducibility 77, 81, 94Resonance 68, 101Retina 45Ribosomes 20, 23Rise time 81Rodent 3, 5,11,29,43,63,79Rotating table 78Rust fungus 18, 40-41
Safety 4, 78, 98-100, 102Salivary gland 27, 39, 46Sarcoplasmic reticulum 37, 53, 101Sciatic nerve 34Sebaceous glands 27Secretory granules 2-3, 27, 39Self-heat 69Sequential 37, 39Serratia marcescens 97Sertoli cells 95Sheep 61Shrinkage 15, 19,25,27,31Silicon embedding mold 89Sinusoids 29, 63Skin 16,27, 33-35, 76Smears 8Snap freeze 46, 48Sodium maleate buffer 96
. Soybean trypsin inhibitor 57Specimen container 3, 69, 75, 77, 93Spectrin 61Spectroscopy 67Spinal cord 13, 16, 34, 40
Spleen 16, 34-35, 43, 47Spontaneous boil over 100Spore 98Squid 45Stabilization 1-2, 6-7, 10-13, 15, 17,
19-21,23,57,61-63,79Standardization 4, 6, 81, 94, 102Staphylococcus aureus 25, 97Staphylococcus epidermidis 97Stearothermophilus 97Sterilization 96-97, 99-100Stomach 16Storage 1, 62, 64-65, 92Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase 5Strongyloides rani 97Structure-function 102Sucrose-freeze 46Superstuff 89Surface-lectin 40--41Switches 98-100Sym-collidine 37, 39, 95Synaptic vesicles 2, 23
T cell markers 15, 37, 47T-8 19,47T-9 19, 47Tannic acid 27Tau proteins 2, 16Teeth 75Temperature gradients 87Temperature probes 69, 72, 79Terahertz 8Testis 34, 46Thawing 12Theoretical models of internal microwave
heating 87Thermal inactivation 96Thermistors 68-69Thermocouples 68-69Thermometry 68-69Thrombomodulin 2, 46Thyroid 16Tibialis muscle 34Tobacco leaf 34Tonofilaments 33Tonsil 16,48Transglutaminase 15-17, 20
Subject index . 127
Translocated 10, 62Transpeptidase 18, 34, 37, 39Triton X-100 20Trypsin 19,31,37,57Tubercle 4Tuberculosis 97Tubulin 3, 15-17,34, 46Tumor 2-3, 18, 34-35, 37, 48Tumor necrosis factor 2-3, 34-35Turntable 7
UCHL, T cell antigen 40Ultrafast microwave device 20, 23, 29, 31, 43,
48, 51, 53, 59Ultrafast microwave fixation 48, 81, 87-88, 102Ultrafast microwave irradiation 25Ultrafast microwave stabilization 79Ultrasound 7, 79, 101Ultraviolet 67Unmasking epitopes 8UV spectroscopy 67
Vacuolated 20, 25, 51Van Der Waals 55Vapor 100Vascular permeability factor 35Vented 100Veronal-acetate 27Vial 69, 91, 93-95Vimentin 15-18,34,40--41,47,48,71Virus 4Viscosity of the solvent 51Vitamin D receptors 1-2, 3, 15-17,20Volatilized 100Volume fraction 65von Willebrand factor 18, 40--41
Warmup 81, 92-95Water load 68, 77, 85-86, 92-94, 102Wavelength 101Wheat germ agglutinin 40
Xylene 99-100
Zenker's 25Zinc 25
