7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

1/16

-, 2015. 135

UDK 630*93+ 502.171:630*892.52/.53 (497.11)

:

1

: , . , () , . , , , . - 49 . 12 . , , . . ,

. .

: , , ,,

OF CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract: Taking into account the consequences resulting from the excessive use of naturalresources, the need for their sustainable management and use is understandable. erefore,the use of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and the conservation of biological diversity aregaining increasing importance. However, inadequate collection of NWFPs can have negativeconsequences for biodiversity conservation through land degradation, which can lead todegradation of forest ecosystems. e paper presents the results of socio-economic survey ofattitudes of 49 NWFP collectors in certain areas of Serbia. e paper analyzes responsesto12 questions related tosustainable collection of.

1 , -, - , (jelena.nedeljkovic@sf.bg.ac.rs)

, . ., - ,

, . ., - ,

, . ., , - ,

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

2/16

136 1-2

of NWFP collectors towards vulnerability ofbiodiversitycaused by NWFPcollectionin the research area. e results show that most ofthe collectors haven`t attended training on proper collection of NWFP. us, the majority ofthem believe that the collection of NWFPs does not reduce their sustainability over a longerperiod of time in the area. e respondents mostly believe that the climatic conditions are thegreatest threat to the growth of NWFP.

Keywords: sustainable , Kopaonik,Beljanica

1.

, , ., ,

. , , , .

, (), . , , ( , ., 1967; , .et al., 2008).

, ,

80- 90- XX , . , , (Belcher, B. et al., 2005).

(Greene, S. et al., 2000), , , (Niskanen, . et al., 2007), (Ni sk a ne n, ., 2006).

, (, ., 1967; , .,, ., 1972):

, , ;

. :

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

3/16

-, 2015. 137

(Ug re no v i , ., 1948).

(Dragovi , N. et al., 2006).

-

, , , , . , , , . , , , , (. ).

- , , , .

, , . , , , .

2.

. area studies (, . , , . ,2008). , , . , , ,

(, .,2012; , ., , ., 2008). , .

2011 2012. 49 ( ) (, ).

, , , (2006). , , , , -, . ,

29 , 20.

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

4/16

138 1-2

30 , , (Fi shbei n, M. , Aj z en, I . , 1975). 12 , , , , , .

. - . , SPSS (ver. 20).

, (. , .). , (Malhotra, N., 2007;So ld i -A le k si , J. , Ch rone os -K ra sa va c , B., 2009). - (ANOVA), (Pallant, J., 2011), -, , - . , , , ANOVA.

3.

, , . , , ( , ), , , , .

, 2011 2018, (2011).

, , ( , .,et al., 2011). in situex situ. , , ,

. - ,x situ

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

5/16

-, 2015. 139

, ( ), , , (-, . , , . , 2006).

(2009)

/ , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

, (2004) (. 27), . , ,

, . . , (2010),

, , , , , , (. 32). , , (. 62).

(2005) , , , . , , , (. 14).

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

6/16

140 1-2

, , .

4.

, (62,3%), ,, (30,4%), 7,2% . , , , , ( 1).

1. Graph 1. Number of collectors per type of NWFPs

, , (87%), , (8,7%) (4,3%). , , ,

(50%), , , 41,3% . 8,7% . , .

, , , . , , , , , (2005). , , .

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

7/16

-, 2015. 141

, (2005; Ne delj kov i , J . et al., 2011;Nedel jkovi, J . et al., 2013), 6,1% ( 2).

2.

Graph 2. Attendance at training courses for NWFP collection in Kopaonik and Beljanica

, , . , .

() , , , , . , 94% () . , , (Tomi e v i, J. et al., 2011). (Collier, P. et al., 2004; V o j n i k o v i , S. et al., 2013), (Collier,P. et al. , , . et al., 2014).

, , , (, . etal., 2014; , . 2015).

1 , .

(61,2%), (55,1%), .

(77,6%),

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

8/16

142 1-2

, 9 km. , , .

1.

Table 1. Location of NWFP collection in the area of Kopaonik and Beljanica

Place

Answer Frequency %

Forest near the village

22 44,9 27 55,1

49 100,0

Forest

19 38,8 30 61,2

49 100,0

Pasture

35 71,4 14 28,6

49 100,0

Meadow

37 75,5 12 24,5

49 100,0

(47,9%) 8-30

, , . (29,2%) .

, , 150 kg , ,10 kg . , 20-31 , , , 10 kg (Tomievi, J. et al.,2011). , , 90,76 ,

113,91 kg (C a i , M. t al., 2011).

, , .

, 2. , (58,6%), (65%), .

, -

, 2011. ( ),

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

9/16

-, 2015. 143

,

, 23,8%, , , 26,7% (2012). , , 2011. , , (2012). , , . , (Shack leton, C .M.,Sh ac k le to n, S.E., 2004; Ka r, S. , Ja cob son , M., 2012). , . , , 80% (Heubach,K., et al., 2011). (Tomievi, . et al., 2011). , , ,

(Ma rsha l l , E . et al., 2006; OBrien

2. Table 2. Importance of NWFPs for household budget in Kopaonik and

Beljanica

Place

Answer

Frequency

%

Kopaonik

1 3,4 16 55,2

, 5 17,2

2 6,9

3 10,3

2 6,9

29 100,0

Beljanica

7 35,0

6 30,0 , 6 30,0

1 5,0

0 0

0 0

20 100,0

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

10/16

144 1-2

Mee , J., 2009; Vule ti , D. et al., 2009, Ni sk a ne n, A. et al., 2007). (ANOVA),

(Sig. > 0,05), , , , (Sig.)

0,05 ( 3).

3. Table 3. ANOVA results

kg ?

Sum ofSquares

df

Mean SquareF Sig.

Between Groups 403.321,12 5 80.664,22 4,82 0,002

Within Groups586.398,64 35 16.754,25

Total989.719,76 40

kg ?

Sum ofSquares

df

Mean Square

F Sig.

Between Groups896,83 5 179,37 2,80 0,029

Within Groups2.624,02 41 64,0

Total3.520,85 46

:

(Sig.) 0,002, 0,029. . , , , , , (Heubach,K. , et al., 2011; Kar, S., Jacobson, M., 2012). (91%) (76,29%), 50% , 50% . -

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

11/16

-, 2015. 145

(Sa ha , D. , Su nd r iya l , R.C.,2012).

, , (38,1%). , (28,6%) ,

, , (15,9%). , , .

( 3).

3.

Graph 3. Type of threats to NWFPs in the forests of Kopaonik and Beljanica

- (44,4%). , (66,7%). , , , (Tomievi, J . et al., 2011). , , , .

5.

- , , :

,

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

12/16

146 1-2

, , ; 3 49

. , ;

, , (36,1%), (32,5%), ,

(16,9%) (14,5%). 9 km;

3/4 - ;

(61,2%) ;

(38,1%), , (28,6%) (15,9%). .

, . , , . , .

, ,

, (-, ., , ., 2006)., , - , , , , . , , , . , - .

, , , . , , , , . , , , , .

,

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

13/16

-, 2015. 147

, , , , .

, , , , .

, , ex-situ - , , , .

, .

: - , , - , (. . 43007, e. . 43007/16-

) (. . 37008-), , .

Belcher, B., Ruiz-Perez, M., Achdiawan, R. (2005): Global Patterns and Trends in theUse and Management of Commercial NTFPs: Implications for Livelihoods and Conservation.World Development, Vol. 33, No. 9, Elsevier (1435-1452)

Vojnikovi, S., Bali, B., Vinji, . (2013): Odrivo koritenje ljekovitog, jestivog i aro-matinog bilja, umarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo. (326)

Vul et i , D., Kr aj te r, S. , Mr az ek , A. , or i , A. (2009): Nedrvni umski proizvodi i usluge -koristimo li ih dovoljno?, umarski List 3-4, Zagreb. (175-184)

Gr een e, S ., Ha mm et t, A.L ., Ka nt , S. (2000): Non-Timber Forest Products Marketing Systemsand Market Players in Southwest Virginia: Cras, Medicinal and Herbal and Specialty WoodProducts. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, Vol. 11, Issue 3, Taylor & Francis Group (19-39)

- , ., , . (2006): , Agenda EnE06 ,

(sewa.sewa-weather.com/~ambassadors/new_site/srp/images/stories/Papers/03-03.pdf)Dragovi, N., Zlati, M., Todosijevi, M. (2006): Significance of sustainable utilisation of

medicinal herbs on mt. Stara planina. In: Rakonjac Lj. (Ed.): Proceedings International scientific

conference sustainable use of forest ecosystems, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade. (146-151)

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

14/16

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

15/16

-, 2015. 149

ta - Primena SPSS raunarskog paketa, Centar za izdavaku delatnost Ekonomskog fakulteta uBeogradu, Beograd. (269)

Tomievi, J . Bjedov, I Obratov-Petkovi, D. Milovanovi, M

. Environmental Management 48 (4), Springer, New York. (835846)Ugr en ov i A. (1948): Upotreba drveta i sporednih produkata ume, Nakladni zavod Hrvatske, Za-

greb. (429)

Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I. (1975): Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction toeory and Research, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.Heubach, K., Wittig, R., Nuppenau, E.A., Hahn, K. (2011): e economic importance

of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for livelihood maintenance of rural west African com-munities: A case study from northern Benin, Ecological Economics Vol. 70, Issue 11, ElsevierB.V. (19912001)

Cai , . , Pe tt en el la , D. , Vi da le, . (2011): Income generation from wild mushrooms in mar-ginal rural areas. Forest Policy and Economic, Vol. 13, Issue 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam (221-226)

Collier, P., Short, I., Dorgan, J. (2004): Markets for non-wood forest products. COFORD,Dublin. (84)

(2004): , , 135/04 .(2005): , .

, . 31/2005, 45/2005 - ., 22/2007, 38/2008, 9/2010 69/2011, .(2006): Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, (Eds. Kotz, S., Balakrishnan, N., Read, C. B., Vidakovic,

B.), Wiley-Interscience publication, Hoboken(2009): , . , . 36/09, 88/10, . . , . 30/2010, .(2011): 2011 2018,

. 13/11, .(2012): 2012. , ,

(w.../W)

SUSTAINABLE COLLECTION OF NONWOOD FOREST PRODUCTS: CHARACTERISTICS

Jelena NedeljkoviDragan Noni

Nenad RankoviMarina Noni

Summary

their use provided that it is based on the principles of sustainable development and followed by the

non-woodforest products(NWFPs), as anintegralpartof forest NWFPsare an important aspect NWFPsare a presenceof these species allows their use for commercialat the same time, there is a needfortheirsustainable collection. collection ofNWFPsmayhave negativeeffects onbiodiversityconservation through e.g

-

7/23/2019 Sumarstvo2015!1!2 Rad11

16/16

150 1-2

this paper was to of NWFPcollectors towardsvulnerabilityofbiodiversity,as a consequence of NWFP, in the research area. that sense, the purpose of this paperwasto give recommendations forfurther research, which will allowmore precise determination ofmeasures to ensuresustainablecollectionof NWFPs in order to Door-to-doorsurvey was used for data collection, which was done in the period August 2011-January 2012. In to-tal, 49 collectors were surveyed in the area of mountains Kopaonik (Brzee and Brus) and Beljanica(Strmosten, Sladaja and Jelovac). Considering that there is no official register of NWFP collectors in

Serbia, snowball sampling was used. e paper analyzed responses to 12 questions related to the typeof collected NWFPs, method of collection and education, place and time of collecting, economiceffects of collecting on biodiversity conservation. In regard to the type of collected NWFPs in thestudy area, the majority of respondents collect mushrooms (62.3%), berries (30.4%), while only 7.2%collect herbs. It should be noted that collectors are not oriented only towards one type of NWFPs, butcollect two or more types of NWFPs. In regard to method of collecting, most NWFPs are collected byhand and put in baskets, which is the proper manner. However, this research finds it very importantthat according to the statements of some respondents, they still use cards or combs and beraljka,whose use is forbidden. Furthermore, the collectors state that they oen put NWFPs into plasticbags, which has a negative impact on the quality of collected products. e respondents usuallycollect NWFPs in the forests that are distant from their place of residence (61.2%), but a significantpercentage of them collect these products in the forests near the villages (55.1%). More than 3/4 ofthe respondents (77.6%) indicate that they change the location of NWFP collection and the average

distance from the residence to the place of collection is 9 km. Almost a half (47.9%) of the respond-ents spend 8-30 days a year collecting NWFPs, which is understandable, considering that this is aseasonal business. Slightly less than 1/3 of the respondants take part in these activities for longer thanone month a year. During the season, a collector collects an average of 150 kg of NWFPs, i.e. 10 kg aday. Most of the respondents, both from the area of Kopaonik (58.6) and Beljanica (65%), considerthe income from NWFP commercialization as very important and important for their house-hold budget. One-way ANOVA shows that there is a statistically significant correlation between theamounts of collected NWFPs during one season and during one day and the attitude of collectorstowards the importance of NWFPs for household budget, as the level of the test for significance(Sig.) was, in both cases, below 0.05. e level of the test for significance was 0.002 in the first caseand 0.029 in the second case. e research did not obtain data on the income earned from NWFPcollection. e respondents see climate conditions (38.1%) as the major threat to biodiversity and thegrowth of NWFPs in forests. In addition, 28.6% of collectors consider the number of collectors, while15.9% of them consider forest clear cutting as a threat to NWFPs. Only one respondent, who collectsmushrooms in Beljanica, said that the major threat was inadequate collection. It is worth men-tioning that there are significant differences in the attitudes of collectors from Kopaonik and fromBeljanica. which in accordance to legal requirements and the need for conservation of natural plant resources would enable us to propose necessary forms of education in order to perform collection in a sus- order to trainthembeforeissuingpermitsfor the collection ofNWFPs. NWFPsector,in addition to concernsaboutrenewability

position in the chain of trade and processing and ensure the implementation of laws and standards

responsibilities for the implementation and control of laws more clearly and to establish the monitor-

NWFPs - ex-situ - on biodiversityconservationinrelation to thelegislative framework and to identifyfailuresthat maylead to lossof biodiversity.