Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
April 19, 2017
CSIR – NEERI, NAGPUR
Supply of safe drinking water through Water Security &
Safety Plan approach
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
(CSIR-NEERI)
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
CSIR-NEERI Towards Nation Building
• Impact of Vector Control
• Toxicogenomics
• Detection of waterborne Pathogens
Health
Industries
Societal
Mission
Energy
Sector
Hydrogen Storage & Delivery
Carbon Capture & Sequestration
Solar to Chemical
Cleane
r
Energy MSW Management
Phytorid for Sewage Treatment
Materials for Arsenic, Fluoride & Iron removal
Solar Electro-Defluoridation
Safe
Drinking
Water
• Rapid composting
• Smokeless Chulha
• Essential oils from citrus waste
• Cost effective fish food
CSIR
800 Hazardous waste Management
Carbon Credit: Soil carbon estimation
Monitoring of Dioxins, Furans and PoPs
Monitoring,
Mitigation
&
Restoratio
n
Carrying
Capacit
y
EIA
Studie
s
Tar Recovery
Ecorestoration
0.1
HKA37
HKA33
HKA26
HKA43
HKA7
AJ576206
AB114302
HKA10523
899
142
291
304
231
HKA48
HKA16
HKA31
HKA38
HKA17
AF424772
AF424767992
626
252
576
246
HKA3
HKA18
561
1000
HKA21
HKA1
HKA44
HKA45
HKA27
HKA32480
166
572
508
1000
AY856360
HKA5
HKA40
HKA41972
HKA35
HKA29
689
1000
1000
650
AY454634
HKA14
HKA20
HKA12
HKA8
HKA24
AY667272
AF229778
1000
591
674
812
HKA34
HKA13
HKA22
HKA36
531
518
865
1000
HKA4
HKA11
HKA6
AJ576234
HKA46848
896
1000
999
854
HKA15
HKA19
1000
1000
921
759
1000
775
924
1000
468
TRICHOTOMY
Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996955](3) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996951](3) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996946](8) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996959](2) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996932](7)
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured euryarchaeote
Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996934]( 7) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996963](4)
Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996939](4) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996949](3) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996956](4) Uncultured archaeon clone [AY996940](4)
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996928](9) Uncultured archaeon clone [AY996941](1)
Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996943](14) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996927](14) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996960](13)
Uncultured euryarchaeote clone [AY996961](13)
Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996947](14) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996950](2)
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996930](2) Uncultured Thermococcales archaeon clone[AY996957]( 3) Uncultured Thermoplasmatales archaeon clone[AY996958](3) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996953](4) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996948](3)
Uncultured marine eukaryote clone [sequence not deposited]
Uncultured Thermoplasmatales archaeon clone[AY996938](1)
Uncultured euryarchaeote
Uncultured marine eukaryote clone [sequence not deposited] Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996936](3)
Uncultured archaeon clone [AY996933](2) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996945](4)
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996952](3) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996937](3) Uncultured archaeon clone [AY996944](4) Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996954](4)
Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996929](2) Uncultured euryarchaeote clone[AY996935](3) Uncultured archaeon clone [AY996931](4)
Uncultured archaeon
Uncultured archaeon clone [AY996962](2)
Uncultured archaeon clone[AY996941](1)
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Water Safety Plan
(WSP)
Water Quality
Monitoring &
Surveillance (WQMS)
PoU Treatment
Development &
Evaluation
Training
Advocacy with
Government
Environmental Impact
Assessment
Clean & Safe
Water
Water Technology and Management Division
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
CSIR-NEERI Technologies
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Strategic plans for Rural Drinking water supply and
sanitation
Parameter 2017 2022
households with piped
water supply 35% 90%
Public (Stand) Post 20% 10%
Hand pumps 45% 10%
Source: Nation Rural Drinking Water
Supply Guidelines, 2013
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Technological position in water ladder
Unprotected source, shallow hand pumps, canals, etc.
Wells, protected springs
Tube wells, hand pumps
Public stand posts
Household connection - individual & multiple
With increasing awareness, economic prosperity, people
realizing the importance of time, rise in demand for :
• adequate quantity of water
• better quality of water supplied, and
• reliability of services
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Water System Elements - Catchment
Storage
Catchment
Treatment
End User
Distribution
Risk based approach (Catchment to Consumer)
Water System Elements
Aim to ensure supply of sufficient quantity of safe water
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
PENCH
KHAIRY
DAM
NMC SERVICE
AREA
BPT
MAHADUL
A
PUMPING
STATION
KANHAN
WTP
GOREWAD
A LAKE
FROM TOTLADOH DAM
ES
R
ES
R
ES
R
ES
R
TO GORSI KHURD
DAM
BINA
JUNCTION
KANHAN
RIVER
MB
R
PENCH- I PENCH-
II PENCH-
III OG
INTAKE
WELLS
PROPOSED PUMPING
UNIT & BPT
PENCH-IV
• NAGPUR
• 24x7 Water Supply started
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Bhendala
• Study Area Village : Bhendala
Area : 7.56 km2
Population: 1184 (census 2011)
No. of Households: 244
Nirmal Gram Puraskar in 2010
Piped network
Sanitary interventions
VWSC
Revenue collection system
Bhendala Source : Google Maps
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Main Hospital building
- 44 wards, OPDs, 6 OTs , Autoclave room and Kidney unit
TB ward building GMCH
- Skin ward, Infectious ward and TB ward
• Main Hospital Building
• TB Ward Building
• Super Specialty Hospital
Building
• Medical College Building
• Dental College Building
Government Medical College and Hospital
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Intake Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Tap Storage Tap Storage Tap Storage
Source WTP MBR ESR High Medium Low
CF
U/1
00 m
l
Sampling locations
TTC Avg
TTC Max
Water Quality – Nagpur
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Source ESR
Community Handpump & Household
taps
Household Storage
Water Quality - Bhendala
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Water Quality – GMC
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Risk Assessment
Control measures
Monitoring + verification
Water Safety Plan Approach..
System mapping
Improvement Plan
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Catchment Hazard
Extraction
Catchment
Catchment
•Surface Water
•Reservoirs, Lakes & Drams
•Rivers
•Ground Water
•Dug Well
•Tube Well & Hand pumps
•Marine Water
28 7
Open drains contaminating source
Technological Intervention
•Natural Constructed wetlands
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Totladoh Dam
Pench Khairi
Reservior
Mahadula
Pumping
Gorwada
Lake
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
7.6 mg/l fluoride
Impact of catchment on source water quality
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Totladoh Dam
Pench Khairi
Reservior
Mahadula
Pumping
Gorwada
Lake
Pench 4
WTP
Pump
House
BPT
23
00
mm
Lin
e
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Treatment
Extraction
Storage
Catchment
Treatment
End User
Distribution
Risk Based Appraoch(Catchment to Consumer)
Community Treatment
•Chemical treatment
•SS
•Arsenic
•Disinfection
•Pathogens
•Protozoa
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Treatment - Hazards
Treatment
Risk Based Approach (Catchment to Consumer)
Community Treatment
•Chemical treatment
•Arsenic
•Suspended Solids
•Disinfection
•Pathogens
•Protozoa
Technological Intervention
•Community Arsenic Removal
•Disinfection Technologies
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Water System Elements - Catchment
Extraction
Storage
Catchment
Treatment
End User
Distribution
Risk Assessment (Catchment to Consumer)
Distribution & Storage
•Master Balancing Reservoir
•Elevated Service Reservoir
•Pump Station
•Distribution Lines
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Water System Elements – Storage & Distribution
Storage
Distribution
Risk Assessment (Catchment to Consumer)
Leakage – Contamination /
Loss of water Corrosion of Pipes
Drinking pipeline laid in the
open drain Crossing of Sewer Lines
and Drinking pipeline
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Pipes close to Sewer
Supply Line in Contact with Drain
Soil and Surface Water Pollution
Hazards to Water Pipe
Old Corroded Pipes
Leakage in Network
Intermittent Water Supply
Vulnerable Pipes
Risk of
Contaminan
t Ingress
Vulnerability Computation
λl = -0.4197(Dl0.3762) + 0.4168(Ll
0.0872) + 0.2813(Pl0.5668) +
0.0903(Hl-1)+0.7408(Agl
0.4281) where, λl is the failure rate of pipe i (based on the number of
breaks/km/year); Dl is the diameter of pipe i in mm; Ll is the length of pipe i in km; Pl is the hydraulic pressure of pipe i in meter; Hl is the installation depth of pipe i in meter; and Agl is the age of pipe i in years.
Risk Assessment Arrangement
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
GIS Mapping and Risk Assessment Modeling
Pipes in contaminant zone
PCA
Classification
No. of
Pipes
Very Bad 3
Bad 15
Medium 293
Good 327
Very Good 290
Risk
Classification
No. of
Pipes
Very High 3
High 17
Medium 490
Low 418
Results of Pipe Condition Assessment and Risk Assessment
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Household & PoU Treatment
Extraction
Storage
Catchment
Treatment
End User
Distribution
Risk Assessment (Catchment to Consumer)
PoU Treatment Technology
•Disinfection
•TDS / Hardness Removal
•Chemical Contamination
•Arsenic
•Fluoride
•Nitrate….
•Handling Practices
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Household & PoU Treatment
End User
Risk Assessment (Catchment to Consumer)
Sanitary Survey for hand pumps
/ wells
PoU Treatment Technology
•Disinfection
•TDS / Hardness Removal
•Chemical Contamination
•Arsenic
•Fluoride
•Nitrate….
•Handling Practices
Technological Intervention
•Nitrate Removal Technologies
•Electro Dearsenification / Defluoridation
•Chemo De aresenification / Defluoridation
•UV – Based Disinfection
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Way Forward…
Interactions with
Stakeholders
Technical
Assistance
(Preparation of
WSP)
Training and
awareness
workshops
Monitoring,
Feedback &
Improvement
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
PRE POST
POST PRE
Improvement Implementation
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
PRE POST
Improvement Implementation
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Change in water quality
Sump Overhead tank
Taps PoU taps Storage vessels
Canteen PoU tap
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach
Safety planning approach
Background
with courtesy of Kate Medlicott (WHO)
Integration of Water Safety Plan & Sanitation safety
Plan
Supply of safe water through Water Security & Safety Approach 33
Thank You