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Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed
its banks its nutrient rich silt was its banks its nutrient rich silt was deposited on its shores. deposited on its shores.
The Fertile Nile Valley
Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew
into regional states known as Upper and Lower Egyptinto regional states known as Upper and Lower Egypt
Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
3900 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2705 – 2213 B. C. E.Middle Kingdom 2061 – 1668 B. C. E.New Kingdom 1560 – 1070 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
First Dynasty c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt marked the beginning of the 3,000 year marked the beginning of the 3,000 year
civilization of Ancient Egypt.civilization of Ancient Egypt.
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a period of confusion that lasted until a new period of confusion that lasted until a new
dynasty restored order.dynasty restored order.
Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class
Homes
Peasant Homes
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Perfume
Whigs
Mirror
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally it was the rulers palaces that were known as it was the rulers palaces that were known as
Pharaohs, meaning Great HousePharaohs, meaning Great House
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Papyrus Paper
Papyrus Plant
Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This form of writing is based on picture like symbols that form of writing is based on picture like symbols that
are carved into stone tablets / monuments or are carved into stone tablets / monuments or placed on papyrusplaced on papyrus
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
11 1010 100100 10001000 10,00010,000 100,000100,000 1,000,0001,000,000
What number is this?
2,5252,525
Egyptian Scribe
A system of writing allowed Egyptians to A system of writing allowed Egyptians to keep records of the Kingdom’s history, keep records of the Kingdom’s history,
knowledge, and business knowledge, and business matters, i.e. taxes.matters, i.e. taxes.
Preparations for the Underworld
They were expected to rule in both this life
and the next
Rulers = GodsThey stood at the center of Egypt’s
religion and government
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Egyptian Book of the Dead
They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so they made elaborate preparations they made elaborate preparations
for their deaths.for their deaths.
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries for their eternal comfort for their eternal comfort
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and is the oldest standing building in the world is the oldest standing building in the world
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Largest PyramidLargest Pyramid
Built by King KhufuBuilt by King Khufu
The Valley of the Kings
The construction of monuments drained the Old The construction of monuments drained the Old Kingdom financially. In time droughts and Kingdom financially. In time droughts and
weak kings led to the decline weak kings led to the decline of this civilizationof this civilization
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water
from the Nile into storage basins.from the Nile into storage basins.
The Hyksos InvasionThe Hyksos Invasion
They rolled into the Nile River They rolled into the Nile River Valley In revolutionary two Valley In revolutionary two
wheeled chariotswheeled chariots
The Middle Kingdom was attacked The Middle Kingdom was attacked by the Hyksos in 1770 B.Cby the Hyksos in 1770 B.C
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos. Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos. They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze
weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E. = One of The Best Known Rulers of Egypt
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
King Tutankhamon
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb