SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARBON REDUCTION:

10th September 2009

The impact on Higher Education Estates

The journey so far:

The historical context and the future of funding

Rod MallinderUniversity of Brighton

What do we mean by Sustainability ?Historical context

Life cycle costing

Financial sustainability (Capital and Revenue)

Impact on the environment(BREEAM for HE, CRC, DEC’s, Carbon Plans)

Future of funding ?

What are the Government’s plans for HE ?

Will there be any capital for 2011-14 ?

What will be the effect if there’s a change of Government ?

Future of funding ?Current thinking……………

Some capital but at a reduced level

Capital Investment Framework (CIF 2)- Greater emphasis on sustainability- Linkages between CO2 emissions and

management of space

Future of funding ? Implications for institutions in terms of CIF 2

Carbon reduction Carbon plans (beware the base point) Draft guidance – consultation document

Space Management How will performance be measured? What guidance – review of SMG tools

(AUDE project funded by LGM)

Taking an architectural perspective:

The importance of sustainability in master-planning

Perry HooperGrimshaw

No connection to electrical grid

Optimal orientation for useful passive solar gain

Minimal Foundations

Timber structure, recycled joinery, cedar cladding

Wood-burning masonry stove

Lighting provided by candles and storm lanterns

Natural ventilation by vents/high level windows

Eco Barn, Normandy

Jean-Baptiste Barache

British Pavilion,

Expo 92 Seville

Eden Foundation,

2002

EVA ASSESSMENT

Eden Foundation, 2002

Over 157 – 153 – 71 – 3Under 1Unknown

Carbon Dioxide Emissions – Annual Tonnes Per Person

New Scientist 2000

Thermal mass with exposed concrete structure

Heavy solar shading

Good daylight penetration with generous floor to

ceiling heights

Low velocity air supply with night time purging

Geothermal energy piles for heating and cooling

Solar thermal water heating

Full monitoring of all services systems

Test installations for photovoltaics, ground

source heat pumps and wind power.

Roof top Centre for Efficient and Renewable

Energy in Buildings (CEREB )

Keyworth II London South Bank University

SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY

KINGSTONUNIVERSITY

CITYUNIVERSITY

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9.80 kg/m

14.50 kg/m

17.50 kg/m

20.98 kg/m

2

2

2

2

14.95 kg/m

15.90 kg/m

16.70 kg/m

?? kg/m

2

2

2

2

Bristol Metropolitan AcademyWilkinson Eyre Architects +Buro Happold

Muse House, LondonBere Architects +Max Fordham

Jessop West, Sheffeld UniSauerbruch Hutton/RMJM +ARUP

Vassall Road Housing, LondonTony Fretton Architects +Bailey Associates

Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre, InvernessGareth Hoskins Architects +Max Fordham

Creative Exchange, St Neots Cambridgeshire5th Studio Architects +ZEF

Keyworth II, LSBUGRIMSHAW +AECOM

Eden FoundationGRIMSHAW +BDSP AJ 30.07.09

Predicted Annual CO2 Emissions

Lloyd’s Register MCE, Southampton

University of East Anglia

Maritime Centre of Excellence, Southampton

Boldrewood Campus, University of Southampton

Maritime Centre of Excellence,

Southampton

Maritime Centre of Excellence,

Southampton

CHP

All buildings connected to site wide

CHP system

Sustainable urban drainage system

Re-use of grey water

Separation of waste for recycling

Cycling facilities/Links to local buses

Improved biodiversity

Maritime Centre of Excellence Southampton

Strategic planning and adding value:

The planner’s point

of view

Emma AndrewsBNP Paribas Real Estate

Defining Sustainability

‘Sustainable development is the core

principle underpinning planning.

At the heart of sustainable

development is the simple idea

of ensuring a better quality of life

for everyone now and for the

future generations’ (Para 3, PPS1 ‘Planning and Climate Change

2007 )

Government Targets

Legislation

Development Plan

(Statutory regional & local planning policies)

Regional Spatial Strategy

(RSS)

Local Development Framework

(LDF)

Planning Context

Planning Policy Guidance and Statements

Planning Policy

Renewable energy targets

Sustainable design

Water management

Waste management

Reuse of materials / sustainable construction

Location of development

Accessibility – reducing car dependency

Planning by checklist

Development Control

Information requirements

BREEAM

Planning conditions

S106 obligations

Understanding your Local Authority

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street

Practical Steps 1. Understand your planning policy context …. have your say?

2. Nurturing a relationship with Local Planning Authority (LPA) and elected Members

3. Property / Estate Strategy - Masterplanning / Planning Brief

4. Early engagement with LPA and local community in developing application proposals to secure consent

5. Protecting planning permissions

Creating the Framework

University of Hertfordshire

Policy EMP12 - University of Hertfordshire

Any development by the university must accord with the approved supplementary planning guidance for the aerodrome site.

Any further proposals for development on the university's sites in College Lane and Angerland Common shall accord with a Masterplan to be approved by the Council for those sites.

Wellcome Trust Genome Campus

Winner RTPI Planning for Business Award 2005

Creating the Framework

Campus at heart of HumanGenome Project

124 ha (50 acre) site

Grade II* listed building

Ecology/floodplainconstraints

Award-winning Travel Plan

Key Themes

Planning system continuing to change

- Killian Pretty recommendations

- Community Infrastructure Levy (April 2010)

- Conservative Government?

Sustainability remaining high on agenda

Importance of planning ahead

Carbon reduction strategies:

The need for a holistic whole-life approach

Mike SheehanWSP

Carbon Reduction Strategies: The need for a holistic whole-life approach

The Challenge: To respond to the carbon reduction agenda and the risks it places on future funding streams in the most effective way possible

The Proposition: Only by taking a long term view – a holistic whole life approach – can maximum advantage be taken of the opportunities that exist for carbon reduction

Carbon Reduction Strategies: The Breadth of Opportunity

Pot

entia

l for

Car

bon

Red

uctio

n (T

CO

2)

Concept and Master Planning

Design and Implementation

Operations and Maintenance

Behavioural Change

A wide range of opportunities exist at all stages of the lifecycle

There can be strong interaction between the lifecycle stages

Covers Scope 1, 2 and 3

Carbon Reduction Strategies: Understand the Opportunities

Pot

entia

l for

Car

bon

Red

uctio

n (T

CO

2)

Space management -Occupant behaviour

Energy Strategy -Site wide/area wide-Renewables

Energy Efficiency-By design-By supply

Microclimate studyBREEAM higher education

-Funding linkBeyond BREEAM

-Environmental profiling

Etc etc…

New build vs refurbishLow energy demand

-Lean by design-Passive design

Part L Building RegsBREEAM for higher ed.Funding link

Design for occupant behaviour

-Keep it simple-Information for occupants

Etc etc…

Procurement-Appliances /office equipment/ IT-Vehicle fleet / fuels-Energy from renewable sources

Induction / training of staff, students and FM’sNew ways of working / learning Travel planningEtc etc…

Concept and Master Planning

Design and Implementation

Operations and Maintenance

Behavioural Change

Use the facilities as designed

-Controls / meters for lighting, heating, ventilation

Space managementBuilding fabric upgradeEnergy management

-CRC-Monitor / manage / feedback-Energy bureau

Etc etc

Potential financial support (eg ISP / Transformation Funds)

Carbon Reduction Strategies: Understand the implications

For any given set of circumstances there will be a ‘menu’ of opportunities and options, each with their own implications in terms of effectiveness through:

Need to get to this simplified picture for decision making

Carbon reduction potential

Cost (capex, opex, NPV)

Timescales (lead and implementation)

Delivery complications (eg disruption)

Carbon Reduction ‘Projects’

‘Cost’ Lead time Delivery complications

Menu of Carbon Reduction Opportunities and Options

Pot

entia

l for

Car

bon

Red

uctio

n (T

CO

2)

Implementation time

Energy Management

/ ControlsLights / appliances replacement

Staff training

Space management

Building fabric upgrade

Vehicle fleet replacement

District heating scheme

Carbon Reduction Strategies: decision making

Menu of carbon reduction options drawn from all stages of the life cycle allows you to:

Assess the most effective means of protecting funding streams

by achieving reductions targets as they move over time

Pick off the low hanging fruit

Make informed decisions regarding investment

Make informed decisions regarding risk

Carbon Reduction Management Plan

Reduction Carbon Reduction ‘Projects’

‘Cost’ Action plans

CA

RB

ON

FO

OT

PR

INT

(T

CO

2)

2005

BA

SE

LIN

E

2015

IN

TE

RIM

T

AR

GE

T

Energy Management

/ Controls

Lights / appliances replacement

Staff training

Space management

Carbon Reduction Management Plan

Reduction Carbon reduction ‘Projects’

‘Cost’ Behavioural Change

CA

RB

ON

FO

OT

PR

INT

(T

CO

2)

2005

BA

SE

LIN

E

Action Plans

2020

T

AR

GE

T

Building fabric upgrade

Vehicle fleet replacement

District heating scheme

Harvard

Infrastructure master plan to deliver carbon neutral Harvard while doubling campus size

Part of their 50 year sustainability plan

Included carbon budgets for buildings

- On site energy systems

- Ground source chiller heat pump

- Building integrated PVs

- Sewer heat mining

- Biomass CHP

- Wind turbine

London South Bank University

Structural design for new build

Energy efficient

Concrete thermal mass reduces peak temperatures by 3 to 4 degrees

Slabs cooled overnight, large heat exchange area

Founded on geothermal piles containing water and environmentally friendly anti-freeze

University of Gloucester – Oxtalls Campus

Phase 1 building – sealed and structurally cooled

Post occupation monitoring – occupation variations

Phase 2 building – mixed mode approach – natural ventilation at low loads, mechanical ventilation at high loads

Lower energy consumption and capital costs

Easier maintenance

Energy Bureau

Remote data collection and communication via connections to existing meters

Web enabled

Energy monitoring, analysis and alerts

Targets for management intervention

Reduces consumption, validates bills

Example of 30% reduction achieved at

an HQ facility

University of Surrey

Travel plan in support of 77ha new campus

25% staff / student population growth since 1998

Bus services, car share, cycle to work, bike lease, showers etc

Reduction in peak hour traffic achieved

Overcame Highways Agency objection

Benefits to University and local community

SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARBON REDUCTION:

Questions and Answers