SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT FORSUSTAINABLE CITIES – A WORLD

BANK PERSPECTIVE

Jose Luis IrigoyenDirector, Transport and ICT Global Practice

World Bank

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“Sustainable Urban Transport”,a local, national and global issue

Cities are drivers of growth and globalclimate change, also home to the poor

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50,000

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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

CO

2 (M

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CO2 emissions from urban transport (1980-2030)Source: Shyam Menon, WorldBank/EMBARQ (WRI),Jan 2007

Local & Global Environment• Urban outdoor pollution linked

to 4 million premature deaths• Cities contribute 70% of energy

–related GHG emissions

Urbanization and GDP per capita

Economic Growth• Cities generate 80% of

global output (500, 60%of global income growth)

• Growing welfare costs oftraffic congestion

Inclusive Development• Growth of slums (urban

poverty, social exclusion)• Bottom quintile spends

disproportionate share ofincome on public transport

Emerging trends make “SustainableTransport” a local, national, global issue

Green House Gas Effect

Financial Liabilities

Farmland Conversion

Traffic Accidents

Auto Pollution

Traffic Congestion

GLOBAL

LOCAL

NATIONAL

Energy Security / Fuel Prices

GLOBALGLOBAL

LOCALLOCAL

NATIONALNATIONALAdd G20 toolkit

G-20 Toolkit on Urban TransportMexico, 2012

World Bank urban transport portfolio:At $7.7 bn, large and growing rapidly

Our strategy is to make urban mobilitysafer, cleaner and more affordable

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Evolving “best practice” emphasizesholistic approach, more integratedsolutions that balance supply anddemand to support sustainable city

Cities where the WB has had significantUrban Transport engagements

TOD, Curitiba

Transmilenio,Bogota

• Previous decade:– Efficiency of public transport operations within a public-private

partnership framework; focus on rapid transit; competition for market;strengthening institutions;

– Air quality, NMT (especially LAC); traffic management (less than previousdecade); road safety; urban road infrastructure (mainly China, Africa)

• 2005-Today:– Emphasis on Sustainable/Low Carbon Transport: modal shift to clean

public transport; increased urban transport efficiency through greaterintegration and use of technology while reducing carbon footprint;

– Metros (LAC); People-centered systems for “smart cities” (LAC, EAP);– Global capacity building effort: Leaders in Urban Transport Planning; Data

Tool

Dominant thrust of Bank support: improveperformance of public transport services

Bus Rapid Transit in Lagos, Nigeria

Integrated Transport Corridors, Anhui(medium cities) and Wuhan, China

PROTRAM, Mexico

Metro Line Development inSao Paulo, Brazil

Focus on rapid transit includes BRTs,Rail, a few Metros, …

Lima

Sao Paulo, BrazilModernization of commute train services

Lima, PeruMetropolitano BRT

...with tangible improvement to systemperformance and impact on the poor

Curitiba

Sustainable cities prioritize public andNMT transport, integrate land use

Bogota

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20102020

20302040

2050Source: ADB and IEA, 2011

Public transport

Cars and motorcycles

Mod

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(p-k

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Business-as-usual projections to 2050

Cities facing rapid motorization learnednot possible to build way out of congestion

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Quito’s hierarchically integratedtransport system: New Metro willintegrate all longitudinal andtransversal corridors into a networkwith ample territorial coverage

Supporting physical, operational andfare integration in Bank projects

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Supporting physical, operational andfare integration in Bank projects

Technology enables full integration whichmaximizes user impact, rationalizes supply

1. Card is system integratoramong all modes. Openstandards/ protocols enableseamless user experience

2. Card allows design ofsubsidy: Govt Rio pays whenuser needs multiple transfers

4. Subsidy schemecan be linked tosocial securityinfrastructure

Bogota SITPfare card Aadhaar

card,India3. Multi-purpose use of

card can stimulate useof public transport

Planning people-centered services

Unleashing the power of big data can helpgovernments become “smarter”…

Buenos Aires, Argentina: GPS data to analyzejobs accessible by transit within 60min

Rio, Brazil: Cell phone records trace data forplanning. WB finance ITS Center to process realtime data from Metro, Train, Buses and Ferries

Sao Paulo, Brazil: Bus Dashboard using historicreal-time data from buses’ Automatic VehicleLocation. Portrayal of bus speeds along routes

Monitoring performance oftransit system in real time

Promoting behavior change and“demand management” schemes

Mexico, Mexico: Transit App integrates in realtime transit data with Ecobici bike-sharing

Sao Paulo, Brazil.Nudging technologyinfluences behavior:CommuterEngag’ment Websitetracks trips toprovide rewards andsuggestions fordifferent routes

User’scommute

Fastest routeby other users

Key learning

… and citizens and businesses engage inco-creating solutions

Crowdsourcing problems and solutions

China Citizen Engagement Pilot. Citizenscollaborate in identifying issues and needs

Rapid growth of “Peers-Incorporated”collaborative mobility services:• Car sharing: Zipcar, Flexicar, Car2Go• Carpools: Carpooling, BlaBlaCar• Traffic info sharing: Waze, DiDi• Bike sharing: (numerous)• Taxi sharing: Uber, Hailo, GobiCab

The people-centered transport systemfor the “smart city”: a framework

Citizen-centered

SmartGovernment

Government asplatform for open,collaborative city

• Enabling ecosystem for innovationdeployment of new technologies

• Data standards/interoperable protocols• Smart regulation based on defined

public interest

• Opening data• Efficient delivery of

services that meetneeds of citizens andbusinesses

• Traffic optimization• Nudging and

behavior change

• Trip planners, real-time information toenhance public transport experience

• Smart Cards, smart subsidies• User-feedback loops• Crowdsourcing/co-creation

Integration formaximum impact

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Challenges, old and new, have gottenbigger. So the opportunities. Now isthe time for bold action before citieslock into inefficient, unsustainabledevelopment paths.

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Rapid pace of urbanization: exacerbatesinstitutional and resource constraints

Shenzhen,China

1980 Today

Fishing village of severalthousand people

City of 9 million, big inelectronic manufacturing

• No time to adjust• Right choices need to be made early on to avoid lock-in

– Premature investment in road infrastructure facilitates automobile usebefore appropriate public/mass transport infrastructure in place

• Need to focus on fast growing mid-size cities

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USA

OECD Countries

India & China0

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Passenger Cars per1000 Populations

ChinaIndia

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Per Capita IncomeTrends

CHINAINDIA

Managing car use: Megacities alreadycongested at low motorization rates!

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NMT Public transport MotorcyclesTaxis Passenger cars Other trips

Percent

Opportunity to address car use whilemajority of trips use public transport/NMT

China, GEF Project 14 citiesand Liaoning province

Sustainability: even a world-class transitsystem can be troubled by its own success

Transmilenio, 1999 - 2014

• More effective and accountable city-levelinstitutions, able to work across boundaries– Basis for successful coordination of policies on land

use, road provision, traffic management, publictransport, parking policies

– National policy framework help guide cities;– Projects across jurisdictions build support for

establishing a Metropolitan Authority

• Institutions that learn to adjust to evolvingconditions – up-to-date data essential

• Developing local capacity at scale an issue– Leaders in Urban Transport Planning: skills for

holistic thinking and planning through case studies,participatory problem solving, peer networks

Breaking silos: cooperative institutions tointegrate across modes and jurisdictions

Financing Gap: innovative funding and co-financing schemes to scale up investment

• Mexico: National Program for18 mass transit systems– BRTs and rail systems carrying

+220,000 daily trips– transport master plan; systems

integration at city level; privatesector participation;

– reduction of 2m ton of CO2emissions per year; incentivesfor clean tech./ hybrid buses

– co-financing sources: Cities;Federal govt.(FONADIN); CleanTechnology Fund; WB; GEF-STAQ

Dhanyavaad!Thank You!