Technology Integration in Hydraulic Fracturing: Being Effective while Remaining Efficient
Taner Batmaz Stimulation Domain Manager Schlumberger Sultanate of Oman
Arab-American Frontiers Muscat, Sultanate of Oman December 13-15, 2014
Agenda
Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Contact Reservoir Heterogeneity Integrated Engineering Workflow Impact of Technology on Production Impact of Technology on Resources Conclusions
Evolution of Reservoir Rock Pre-Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic Fracturing
Combination w/ Horizontal Drilling
Reservoir
Reservoir
Hydraulic Fracturing-Reservoir Contact
Vertical, Perforated Well Vertical, Perforated Well with Single Frac
Horizontal, Perforated Well with 15 Frac Stages
200 Ft High x 6” Wellbore 200 Ft High x (1) 200 Ft Frac with 2 Wings Each
200 Ft High x 6” Wellbore x (15) 200 Ft Frac with 2 Wings Each
315 Sq Ft 160,000 Sq Ft
2,400,000 Sq Ft
Impact of Reservoir Contact
Increasing Reservoir Contact (surface area) improves production
0
5,00010,00015,000
20,000
25,00030,00035,000
40,00045,00050,000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Cum
ulat
ive
Gas
(MM
scf)
Time (days)
Nf=1 Nf=2 Nf=3 Nf=4 Nf=5
Nf=6 Nf=7 Nf=8 Nf=9 Nf=10
Source: SPE 163975
Tight Carbonate (Khuff)
L = 3,000 ft k = ~0.1 md
All Reservoirs Are Not the Same Haynesville Barnett Woodford Fayetteville Eagle Ford Marcellus
Illite
Carbonate Gas-filled porosity
Kerogen
Earth Stresses are Not the Same
Earth Scale
Rese
rvoi
r 3
Rese
rvoi
r 2
Rese
rvoi
r 1
Formation Micro-Imaging Logs (FMI) Log Scale
SEM Scale Thin Section Scale
Reservoir 3
Reservoir 2
Reservoir 1 Formation Micro-Im
aging Logs (FMI) Log Scale
Heterogeneity at all Scales
Integrated Engineering Workflow
Impact of Technology on Production
There is only one rule of thumb in fracturing: that there are no rules of thumb in fracturing
Sources: SPE 158268, SPE 134827, SPE 146872
Impact of Engineering Workflow on Production
Technology Saving Resources
Downward trend in water per stage
Downward trend to ~40 bbls/min 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Water Proppant Cum 25 dayproduction
Channel FracHybridSlickwater
Relat
ive W
ater p
er st
age o
r Re
lative
Pro
ppan
t per
stag
e or
Relat
ive pr
oduc
tion
Source: SPE 145403
Trends in the Eagle Ford Shale… Moving away from slickwater…
Less Proppant Less Water More Production
Channel Fracturing Conventional fracturing
Water Constrains
Summary
• Middle East has different stress regimes and infrastructure, technology plays important role in development of unconventional resources
• Leverage to do “More with Less” • Integrate Reservoir data and with Fracture designs to tailor the
best treatment for the reservoir, account for heterogeneity • Multi-disciplinary, integrated teams with flexibility to optimize • Optimize designs for the Reservoir to
avoid waste (one solution does not “fit” all • Water Management strategies
• Recycle / re-use / treat-for-purpose • & technologies more tolerant of
poorer water quality
