The Costs and Benefits of Carbon Capture and Storage Khosrow Biglarbigi Hitesh Mohan Marshall...

The Costs and Benefits of Carbon Capture and Storage

Khosrow BiglarbigiHitesh Mohan

Marshall Carolus

INTEK

July 16, 2009Calgary, Canada

CO2 Emissions from Energy Consumption

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.01

99

0

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

Billion Tons of CO2

Year

20% Increase

Source: US EIA

United States

So, What Do We Do With It?

Transport

Use

Capture

Potential Uses of CO2

CO2

Sequestration

Industrial Grade

Food Grade

Options with Environmental and Economic Benefits

Options with Environmental

Benefits

CO2 Capture TechnologyAmine Absorber

Amine Absorber

Flue Gas without

CO2

Feed Gas Lean Solution

PumpLean/Rich Exchanger

Amine Stripper

Acid Gas Condenser CO2

Make-Up Water

Lean Solution

Cooler

Source: UOP, “Amine GuardTM FS Process” 2000. Amine Reboiler

Variations of Technology(Proprietary Licenses)

• Amine with SO2 removal – Kerr McGee/ABB Lummus

• Costain Oil Gas and Process Limited (natural gas)

• Amine Guard and Amine Guard II – UOP

• Econamine FG – Fluor Daniel, Inc.

• Hindered Amine – Flexsorb HP (Exxon) and Giammarco-

Vetrocoke

CO2 Capture Technology (Cont.)

• Cold Methanol

• Pressure Swing Adsorption

• Hot Potassium Carbonate

• Membrane (unproven)

• Amine/membrane combination

Cost of Capturing Industrial CO2

Capture Cost Sources: Global Energy Technology Strategy Program, NETL, and others

low high low high average

Fossil Fuel Power Plants 38 63 2.11 3.50 2.81

Refineries 35 55 1.95 3.06 2.50

Cement Plant 35 55 1.95 3.06 2.50

Hydrogen Plants 6 12 0.33 0.67 0.50

Ammonia Plants 6 12 0.33 0.67 0.50

Ethanol Plants 6 12 0.33 0.67 0.50

New IGCC Plants 25 40 1.39 2.22 1.81

Source$/Ton CO2 $/mcf CO2

low high low high average

Fossil Fuel Power Plants 38 63 2.11 3.50 2.81

Refineries 35 55 1.95 3.06 2.50

Cement Plant 35 55 1.95 3.06 2.50

Hydrogen Plants 6 12 0.33 0.67 0.50

Ammonia Plants 6 12 0.33 0.67 0.50

Ethanol Plants 6 12 0.33 0.67 0.50

New IGCC Plants 25 40 1.39 2.22 1.81

Source$/Ton CO2 $/mcf CO2

• Pipeline

– CO2 must be dried

– High compression required for transport (2000-3000 psig)

– Drying and compression cost is estimated at $9 per ton

• Truck, Barge, Ship

– CO2 is transported as a liquid

– Liquefaction infrastructure is required

– Additional loading and unloading activities

– Liquefaction cost is estimated at $10 per ton

– Shipping cost is estimated at $1-$10 per ton

CO2 Transportation

Options with Environmental Benefits

Brine Aquifer

Ocean Bed Storage

Ocean BedCO2 Ocean BedCO2

Brine Aquifer

CO2

Brine Aquifer

CO2

Depleted Oil & Gas Reservoirs

CO2

Oil & Gas Reservoirs

Depleted Oil & Gas Reservoirs

CO2

Oil & Gas Reservoirs

Options with Environmental and Economic Benefits

EOR Coal Bed Methane

Gas Bearing Shale

Gas Storage

Gas Bearing Sandstone

CH4

Top Gas (CH4)

Natural Gas Well

CO2 CH4

Top Gas (CH4)

Natural Gas Well

CO2

Natural Gas Well

CO2

Fluidized Bed Unit

Injection Separation

CO2 Capture

CO2 N2 N2

CH4 to Sales

Coalbed CO2 CH4 N2 CH4

Fluidized Bed UnitFluidized Bed Unit

Injection Separation

CO2 Capture

CO2 N2 N2

CH4 to Sales

Coalbed CO2 CH4 N2 CH4

C O 2P ro d u c e d M e th a n e C O 2P ro d u c e d M e th a n e CO2

Produced Natural Gas

CO2

Produced Natural Gas

Costs and Benefits of SequestrationDollar per Ton of CO2

Oil & Gas Res.

Brine Aquifer

Ocean Bed

CO2

Sequestration

Gas Bearing Sandstone

Gas Bearing Shale

Coal Bed Methane

Gas Storage (Base Gas)

EOR

($31-55)

$36

- 10

6

($1-10)

($1-10)

($1-10)

($7- 41)

$4 -

41($

33-7

5)($

39-1

06)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Year

No. o

f Pro

jects

0

50

100

150

200

250

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008Year

Pro

du

ctio

n (

MB

bl/D

ay)

Example Application in the United StatesCO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery

Proven Technology 100 Projects in 2008 (USA) Production of 240 MBbl/Day

Pro

du

ctio

n M

Bb

l/D

Source: Oil & Gas Journal

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f P

roje

cts

Year

Projects Using CO2 from Natural Sources(61 Million Ton/Year)

Source: Oil and Gas Journal

Industrial Sources of CO2

(2 Billion Tons of CO2 in 2007)

CO2 EOR Candidate Fields(1,700 Reservoirs, 20 Billion Barrels)

Proximity of the Sources to the Fields

RefineriesAmmonia PlantsCement PlantsHydrogen Plants

Ethanol Plants > 50 Bcf/YrEthanol Plants > 1 Bcf/Yr

Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Candidate CO2 EOR Fields



Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Candidate CO2 EOR Fields



Fossil Fuel Power PlantsOther Industrial Sources






















Incremental ProductionDaily Oil Production from Additional CO2 EOR

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Year

Daily

Oil

Pro

duct

ion (

MB

bl)

Total of4.7 Billion Bbl

Dai

ly O

il P

rod

uct

ion

(M

Bb

l)

Year

Additional Benefit: CO2 Storage(Cumulative Over 25 Years)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

Year

CO

2 S

tore

d (

MM

cf/D

ay)

CO

2 S

tore

d (

Tri

llio

n C

ub

ic F

eet

)

25 Trillion Cubic Feet

Summary

• Capture Technologies are Advancing Rapidly

• Sequestration Options are Widely Available

• The Process is Both Site and Project Specific

• Both Environmental and Economic Benefits can be Realized

Date post:	31-Mar-2015
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The Costs and Benefits of Carbon Capture and Storage Khosrow Biglarbigi Hitesh Mohan Marshall...

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