ISN pg 76, The CrusadesThe CrusadesPreviewPreview: Describe Western

Europe during the Middle Ages:

–Trade?

–Food?

–Leadership?

–Language?

–Religion?

Too dangerous to tradeToo dangerous to trade

Peasants & serfs farmed Peasants & serfs farmed on the manoron the manor

Weak kings & strong Weak kings & strong feudal lordsfeudal lords

Different languagesDifferent languages

Different at 1st but they became Christian

What was Europe like in the Early Middle Ages?

What were the Crusades & How did the Crusades

Change Europe?

The Christian Crusades

Why Fight the Crusades?Why did Christians fight the

Crusades?–The Pope wanted to unite

Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christians & regain holy lands from Muslims

–Knights wanted to gain forgiveness for sins, gain riches, & support the Church

–Merchants wanted to trade

Religious reasons for fighting

Political reasons for fighting

Economic reasons for fighting

The Christian Crusades

MUSLIMSMUSLIMS

CHRISTIANSCHRISTIANS

Play Crusades Video (5.37)

Fighting the CrusadesBetween 50,000-60,000 knights

from all over Europe became Crusaders to defeat the Muslims:–First CrusadeFirst Crusade—was only

successful Crusade; Christians took back Jerusalem in 1099

–But after the Crusaders left, Muslims took back Jerusalem & kept it during the SecondSecond & Third CrusadesThird Crusades

FranceItaly Germany England

Scotland

Spain

The Christian Crusades

Fighting the CrusadesFourth CrusadeFourth Crusade—crusaders never

even made it to Jerusalem:–Christians from Europe stopped

in the Byzantine Empire & looted & burned Constantinople

–These actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Effects of the CrusadesBefore the Crusades:Before the Crusades:

–Everyone lived on a manorEveryone lived on a manor–Everything that was needed Everything that was needed

was made on the manorwas made on the manor–Nothing was purchased from Nothing was purchased from

the outside except resources the outside except resources like salt & iron through like salt & iron through fairsfairs

So, now that the Crusaders have So, now that the Crusaders have seen new places, how is this seen new places, how is this going to change Europe?going to change Europe?

Effects of the CrusadesCultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion—new products

& ideas spread from the Middle East & Asia to Europe:–Luxury GoodsLuxury Goods—ivory, pearls,

silk, cotton, sugar, & spices–NavigationNavigation—shipbuilding ideas,

accurate maps, astrolabe, gunpowder & the compass

–MathMath—Arabic numbers, algebra–ScienceScience—chemistry, astronomy,

& the telescope

Effects of the CrusadesTrade increasedTrade increased:

–Europeans badly wanted these new products

–Led to a money-econommoney-economy (using metal coins) & bankingbanking (giving loans & offering credit)

–Merchants & bankers formed a new middle classmiddle class

–CitiesCities began to form, especially in Italy (Florence & Venice)

Effects of the CrusadesFeudal power changedFeudal power changed:

–Pope lost powerPope lost power—failures of the Crusades led to loss of respect

–Noble lords lost powerNoble lords lost power—some lords & knights sold pieces of their land to raise money to fight the Crusades & some serfs gained their freedom

–Kings gained powerKings gained power—raised taxes & created armies to fight

The Increase in Trade & Rise of Cities