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 The Harmful Eects Of

Microorganisms

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Microorganisms cannot be seen withthe naked eye but can be seen with

the help of a microscope.

•  They are cassied into

viruses

algae

bacteria

protooa

fungi

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• !ome of these microorganisms causediseases and spoilage to food.

• Microorganisms "that cause diseases#are called$

%athogens.

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Methods of transmission

&ontaminated food '

water

(ir"droplets#

%ersonalcontact vectors

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()*

+. &ough

,. !neee

%athogens inresp. tract- nasalcavities- mouth$

Sprayed intoatmosphere

earby personbreathes in

contaminated air$

infected

+.

Contaminatedsaliva

,. Sputum

/ries up$

%athogen'spores

dispersed bywind

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&OT(M)(TE/ 0OO/ 12(TE*

2ays of contamination$3nhygienic food handler1 facility &ontaminated water

)nfected vectors

  )nfected vectors

 

Eg. Of diseases$

+. &holera

,. Hepatitis (

4. 5acillus dysentery

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%E*!O(6 &OT(&T

• /iseases spread this way$ contagiousdiseases

Touches/uses thingsfrom$ aninfectedperson

Eg$ scabies,tinea,ringworm

)ndire

ct&ontact

Sexualactivitieswith aninfectedperson

Eg$Hepatitis B,gonorrhea,syphilis,A!S

/irect

&ontact

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7E&TO*!•

"ector# (nimal which carries pathogens from aninfected person.

• )nsect vectors sometimes act as a host forpathogens to complete its life cycle.

Eg. of diseases$

$%&alaria

'% !engue fever

(%)ilariasis*%Cholera

+%!ysentery

%Blight

-% typhus

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METHO/! O0 %(THO8E &OT*O6/)!)0E&T(T!

 To$ +. ill microorganisms on surfaces

 ,# sterili0e hospital operating rooms ' surgicalinstruments- etc.

(T)&E%T)&!

(pllied on skin ' wounds to ill/inhibit

microorganism growth.Eg$ iodine, acra1avine

(T)5)OT)&!

&hemicals to kill1inhibit microorganism growth "bacteria ' fungi#

Eg# penicillin "from fungus# for syphilis9 streptomycin "frombacteria# for Tuberculosis

7(&&)E!

2eakened1dead forms of virus ' bacteria in:ected into a healthybody to induce production of antibodies%

Eg$ 5&8 to immunieagainst against against Tuberculosis.