THE HEARTTHE HEART

Dr : Sherif Mohamed Zaky

Assistant professor

of anatomy

Faculty of medicine

Cairo university

The right atriumThe right atrium : :• Receives venous blood from

the body by superior vena cava & inferior vena cava.

• Pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

The right ventricleThe right ventricle : :

• Receives the venous blood from the right atrium.

• Pumps it into the pulmonary arteries of the lungs.

The left atriumThe left atrium::

• Receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs by 4 pulmonary veins

• Pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.

The left ventricleThe left ventricle : :

• Receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium.

• Pumps it through the aorta to all parts of the body.

SSurface anatomy of urface anatomy of valvesvalves

Surface anatomy:Area of

auscultation:

Pulmonary: (P)3rd Lt sterno-costal

junction.

2nd Lt intercostal

space.

Aortic: (A)

3rd Lt intercostal

space behind Lt

margin of the

sternum.

1st aortic area: 2nd Rt

intercostal space.

2nd aortic area: 3rd

Lt intercostal space.

Mitral: (M)4th Lt sterno-costal

junction.

Apex of heart.

Tricuspid: (T)4th space behind the

sternum.

Xiphisternal

junction.

الله اال اله الله ال اال اله ال

THE BLOOD VESSELS

ArteriesArteries: :

• Are vessels carrying the blood away from the heart.

• Have elastic and thick wall.

• Give branches all over the body.

VeinsVeins

• Are vessels carrying the blood towards the heart.

• Have thin wall.

• Receive tributaries from the whole body.

CapillariesCapillaries::

Are very small & thin walled vessels.

Connect the arterioles with the venules.

الله اال اله الله ال اال اله ال

Circulations

The Pulmonary CirculationThe Pulmonary Circulation

• The deoxygenated blood passes from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.

• Then the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins.

The Systemic CirculationThe Systemic Circulation : :

• The oxygenated blood is carried from the left ventricle to all parts of the body through the aorta and its branches.

• Then the deoxygenated blood is returned to right atrium by SVC & IVC.

The Portal CirculationThe Portal Circulation : :

• Drain the abdomen & ends in the liver and not the heart.

• The blood is carried from the abdominal organs rich in digested food substances to the liver.

• The blood from the liver sinusoids drains into hepatic veins to inferior vena cava.

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في مصيبتنامصيبتنا• الله غير من نخاف في أننا الله غير من نخاف أننا : أن نخاف مره مائة من أكثر : اليوم أن نخاف مره مائة من أكثر اليوم , أن, نخاف نخطىء أن نخاف , نتأخر أن, نخاف نخطىء أن نخاف نتأخر

, فالن, يغضب أن نخاف , نستعجل فالن, يغضب أن نخاف نستعجل. فالن يشك أن .نخاف فالن يشك أن نخاف

المتشائم • فإنك تريه الزهرة ,احذرفيريك شوكها, وتعرض عليه الماء

فيخرج لك منه القذى, وتمدح له الشمس فيشكو حرارتها.

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• The fluid passes from the capillaries to the tissues and back to the capillaries.

• Excess fluid is drained by lymphatic system characterized by:

• Lymph capillaries are wider and their walls thinner than the blood capillaries.

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• Larger lymph vessels have numerous valves.

• The lymph is thus directed up from the limbs and the trunk & ends into the blood stream.

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• The pathway of the lymphatics interrupted by lymph nodes:–Through which lymph is filtered.

–Are found mainly in the axilla, groin, and the neck.

• No lymphatics in the CNS, bone marrow, spleen & eye.

The SpleenThe Spleen

• It is a lymphatic organ present in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity

• Protected by the 9th , 10th & 11th ribs.

• The spleen is not palpable; if felt, it is at least 3 times its normal size