The Voyage of the Scarlet Knight

8/8/2019 The Voyage of the Scarlet Knight

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The Voyage of the

Scarlet Knight

Sage Lichtenwalner

Tuckerton Seaport

September 8, 2010


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How many Oceans are there?

ONE!


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QuickTi

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How do weHow do we

study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?

How do weHow do we

study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?


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The Early Years


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Alvin1964-Present

4,585 divesDepths of 15,000 ft


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Ship-based Oceanography

Advantages

We can see exactlywhats going on atthat moment.

We can make manymeasurements atonce.

We can obtain high-resolution data.

Disadvantages

Its expensive!

During storms, even

Oceanographerscan get seasick.

We only see whats

going on when wereout there.


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Cool new tools toCool new tools to

study thestudy theOceanOcean

Cool new tools toCool new tools to

study thestudy theOceanOcean


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CODAR Network Glider FleetL-Band & X-Band Satellite

Receivers

3-D Nowcasts

& Forecasts

Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation Lab

Operations, Data Fusion & Training Center


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Satellites

in

Space

SurfaceCurrent

Radars

Underwater

Robotic

Gliders

A collection of instruments and

models that provide long-term

continuous data often in real-time

or near real-time.

Ocean Observatories


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Rutgers Satellite Systems

XX--BandBand(installed 2003)(installed 2003)

AquaAqua

TerraTerra

OceansatOceansat

LL--BandBand((installed 1992installed 1992))

NOAANOAA--1515

NOAANOAA--1717

NOAANOAA--1818

FY1FY1--DD

Tracking & ProcessingTracking & Processing

ComputersComputers


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Satellite DataSatellite DataSea Surface TemperatureSea Surface Temperature


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OCM Chlorophyll

India

MODISMODIS RGBRGB

USAUSA

FY1-D

ch7:ch9

China

AVHRRAVHRR--SSTSST

USAUSA

Seeing the Ocean in Color


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The Ocean Today

Temperature Chlorophyll


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The CODAR Surface Current Network

TransmitterAntenna ReceiverAntenna

A network of beach antennas along the entire Mid-Atlantic coast is able to

measure ocean surface currents out to a range of 200km.


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Standard RangeStandard Range1.5 km resolution1.5 km resolution

radial range 50kmradial range 50km

Long RangeLong Range6 km resolution6 km resolution

radial range 190 kmradial range 190 km


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NOAA

CODAR

SLDMB

Using Currentsfor Search & Rescue

Qui ir r

r t t i i tur .


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Underwater Gliders

ANew Way to Explore the Ocean


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How does aHow does a

Gliderwork?work?

How does aHow does a

Gliderwork?work?


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CTD

Fore Hull

Altimeter

Air Bladder

ControlBoard

SciencePayload Bay

Fin

CowlingAft Hull

Buoyancy

Pump

Antenna (Iridium,

Freewave, GPS &

Argos)

Anatomy of a Glider


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Buoyancy pump in the

glider pulls in 0.5 L of water

Glider begins to

dive downward

Push pump out

glider inflectsand begins to climb to the surface

one dive and one

climb is called a yo

When surfacing to

connect glider inflates

air bladder

How do Gliders Fly?

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IridiumAntenna

ARGOS and FreeWave Antennas

How do Gliders Communicate?


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Sustained Observatory Operations from Multiple Locations

McDonalds WiFi

My Living Room Glider Recovery in Hawaii


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Enabling Technology: Line of sight

communication, CTD, alkaline batteries

GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 1999)Inner-Shelf (30 km)

10 day missions

Scientific Impact:

Coastal upwelling

Inner shelf sediment transport

Near-shore phytoplankton blooms


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GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 2003)Mid-Atlantic Bight (500 km)

30 day missions

Scientific Impact:

River Plumes

Ecological indicators for migratory fish

Role and response of the ocean to

tropical storms and noreasters

Enabling Technology: Satellite

communication, CTD, alkaline batteries,

modular science payload

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decompressor

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GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 2008)Large Marine Ecosystems (2500 km)

60 day missions

Scientific Impact: Flux of heat and freshwater from

the north by the Labrador Current

Coldpool life cycle and impact on

ecosystem dynamics

Multi-decadal oscillations and impact on climate


communication, CTD, lithium batteries,

Digifin, modular science payload

QuickTime anda

decompressor

areneededtoseethis picture.


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GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 2009)NorthAtlantic Basin (5000 km)

300 day missions

Scientific Impact: Feedback loop between climate and

ecosystems

Impact of rapid climate variability on ocean

circulation

Tropical storm generation and intensification

(ocean/atmosphere exchange)


communication, CTD, lithium batteries,

Digifin, stretch science payload

QuickTime and adecompressor



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Rutgers Slocum Glider FleetRutgers Slocum Glider Fleet

Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea Perth, AustraliaPerth, AustraliaWest Florida ShelfWest Florida ShelfMidMid--Atlantic ShelfAtlantic Shelf

Liverpool BayLiverpool Bay

Coastal ObservatoryCoastal Observatory

Over 165 deployments worldwide (2003 9/7/10)

83, 03 km flown (Earths circ. ~ 0,000 km)

1,871 calendar days, 3,860 glider days in water500,000+ profiles


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RU15The first glider to fly from one country to another


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The voyages ofThe voyages of

RU17RU17&&

RU27RU27

The voyages ofThe voyages of

RU17RU17&&

RU27RU27


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Crossing the Shelf Break


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Navigating the Shelf Break

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Catching a ride on the Gulf Stream


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Satellite DataSatellite DataSea Surface TemperatureSea Surface Temperature


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Flying in Eddies


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Flying in Eddies

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On July 19th, 2008 Tropical Storm Bertha passed over R 17


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On September 22nd R 17 gets stuck in an eddy


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On October 28thwe lost connection with RU17

Leak detect voltage drops to 0. 2 volts

Lost connection with R 17

RU17 was within 20 km

of the Azores EEZ line


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R 17s full path


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R 17 AccomplishmentsR 17 Accomplishments R 17 flew a record breaking distance of 5,700.59 km

R 17 spent 160 days at sea (5 months and 1 week)

Increase in student involvement, partnership, and outreach


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Changes made to RU27Changes made to RU27

Reinforced CTD MountCTD mounts to glider on both ends so it is sturdier

Pressure Sensors

Now plastic rather then metal to prevent corrosion

200 meter pump

RU17 had a 100 meter pump

Biofoul Precautions

Rubberized hull coating

Biofoul paint

Aerodynamic WingrailsCoulomb Meter

Measures the amount of power left in the batteries

Software

Better software for flying deep


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The Track of RU27


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Biofouling


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RemorasRemora are visual predators, and

cannot see well at night. To help movethrough the night, they attach

themselves to other fish to get a free

ride.

Mi i C l S l K i h i h fi d b


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MissionComplete: Scarlet Knightisthe first underwaterrobot

tocrossanoceanbasin

221 Days

7,409 km11,000 Dives

11,000 Climbs

Energy equivalent of 8 minutes of

power for lights on the Rockefeller

Center Tree.

Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA Baiona, Galicia, Spain

Mi i C l t S l t K i ht i th fi t d t b t


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A heros Welcome, December 9, 2009

MissionComplete: Scarlet Knightisthe first underwaterrobot

tocrossanoceanbasin

D ti th StRutgers, The State University of New Jersey


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DocumentingtheStoryDena Seidel, Writers House

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

E iti th N t G ti i S i d E i i


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Building an International Community

Exciting the Next Generation in Science and Engineering

HMS Challenger Mission 1872-1876


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HMS Challenger Mission 1872-1876

First Dedicated Global Ocean Science Cruise

2012 - ????

Can a globally distributednetwork of early career

scientists & students repeat

the Challenger Mission with a

coordinated fleet of

underwater robotic gliders?


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Conclusions

The ocean is a large, complex and interconnected

ecosystem

Scientists are able to use new tools like gliders to

observe the ocean in greater detail

Gliders enable scientists and students to go to sea

anywhere in the world


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Research inResearch in

AntarcticaAntarctica

Research inResearch in

AntarcticaAntarctica


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-0.2 0.2Temperature trends per year

In 2008 the Wilkes Ice Sheet followed the Larson Ice Shelf


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Day 1 Day 3

Day 10

In 2008 the WilkesIceSheet followedtheLarsonIceShelf

andbegantocollapse

KRILL


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Juvenile krill in under-ice refuge

Greatest biomass of single animal species on planet

KRILL

SALP

Th h d h l


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These ice changes are expected to have large impacts onthe ecosystem. Expectations are specific critters will be

disproportionately impacted.

Adlie penguin

(Pygoscelis adeliae)

Adlie penguin

(Pygoscelis adeliae)

Ship Sampling Challenges


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Ship Sampling Challenges

in the Southern Ocean

Gliders in Antarctica: 2007Gliders in Antarctica: 2007 PresentPresent


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Gliders in Antarctica: 2007Gliders in Antarctica: 2007--PresentPresent


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Gliders in AntarcticaGliders in Antarctica


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Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the

Ocean?Ocean?

Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the

Ocean?Ocean?

Deepwater Horizon


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Deepwater HorizonOil Spill

June 19, 2010

May 19, 2010

Monitoring the Gulf Aug 16 2010


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Monitoring the Gulf Aug 16, 2010

Ocean Models


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Ocean Models

Ocean Connections: Gulf of Mexico to New Jersey


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OceanConnections: Gulfof Mexicoto New Jersey


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Covers 71% of the Earth's surface

Contains 97% of the Earth's water

Has an average depth of 12, 30feet

Makes up 99% of the living spaceon the planet

Has had less than 10% explored

by humans

Our Global Ocean

Hurricane Katrina (2005)


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Hurricane Katrina (2005)

QuickTime and a20 codec decompressor



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Land & Ocean Primary Production

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The Global Biosphere

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The Voyage of the Scarlet Knight

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