TML Pam-E8500A Measuring Consultants Guide · 2019-03-14 · TML Pam-E8500B Measuring Consultants...

TML Pam-E8500B

Measuring ConsultantsGuide

8-2, Minami-Ohi 6-Chome, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 140-8560, JAPANTEL: Tokyo 03-3763-5611 FAX: Tokyo 03-3763-5713　-mail address:

10212X

MEASURINGCONSULTANTS

MEASURINGCONSULTANTS

Overviews of Measuring Consultants

Construction Management and Dynamic Behavior Monitoring System

Guide to Various Measuring Consultants

Bridge measurement

Steel beam bridge and cable stayed bridge

Caisson measurement

Retaining wall measurement

Test pavement measurement

Measurement with small FWD (falling weight deflectometer)

Fill measurement

Pile loading test measurement

Tunnel measurement

NATM and Shield Tunneling

Underground opening measurement

Dam measurement

Earth fill dams and concrete dams

Construction management measurement based on the status of concrete

Landslide measurement

Marine structure measurement

Landing pier and caisson type quay

Nuclear power plant measurement

Large roof and dome measurement

Quake damping and absorbing measurement

When TML is asked formeasurement consultants ...... TML’s Measuring Consultants enable a

customer to acquire precise, reliablemeasurement and analysis data.It is not always easy to acquire reliable measurement data. Reliable data canonly be acquired by the following appropriate steps most suitable for apurpose of measurement or a type of structure. Based on characteristics ofan object of measurement and site conditions, TML determines what type ofinformation is needed and how that information can be acquired bymeasurement. TML performs all measurement activities for a customer fromselection and installation of measuring instruments to analysis of collecteddata. TML provides a customer with precise, reliable measurement andanalysis data.

Compliance with the proximity evaluation criteria and measurementitems established by Japan’s major construction work operatorsIn executing construction work, itis important to ensure work safetyand to estimate the effects of con-struction work on adjacent struc-tures. The proximity evaluationcriteria are established by suchconstruction work entities as theMinistry of Construction and localgovernments. TML’s measuringinstruments and measurementactivities comply with the mea-surement items specified in theproximity evaluation criteria.

■ Registered constructionconsultant number: Construction19, 6021 for soil and foundationcategories

Required data can be obtained withminimum time and cost.A measurement process consists of a number of steps, from planning toselection and installation of measuring instruments to calibration andadjustment. Considerable time and cost are involved in this process. TMLprovides consulting services by using its expertise, experience, a full line ofjigs, tools and measuring instruments, and a professional staff. A customercan get required measurement data with minimum necessary time and cost.

TML Measurement consulting service offers a securedelivery of satisfactory information and results with theoptimum technology according to the customer’s project.There are a great variety of structures constructed using many different techniques. Information needed to prepare optimumdesigns for them and to construct and maintain them safely and efficiently can only be acquired by conductingappropriate measurement activities. TML has experience and expertise accumulated over many years of design,production and application operations. As an expert in measurement, TML knows sites and site work thoroughly and makesthe most of its know-how to provide customers with measurement consulting services.

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TML knows all about diverseobjects of measurementTML knows all about sites where measurementis made. Objects of measurement range fromretaining walls and embankments to bridges,tunnels, dams, and other structures. Requiredmeasurement techniques and measuringinstruments vary, depending on site conditions.TML has developed a wide variety of measur-ing instruments based on customer needs andhas cultivated deep understanding and know-how on diverse objects of measurement, theircharacteristics, and operating conditions formeasuring instruments. Experience and exper-tise accumulated over years enable TML topropose the most appropriate measurementsolution for each individual measurement pro-ject and to carry out measurement with a highlevel of accuracy and efficiency.

TML knows the entiremeasurement processA measurement process starts with planningand ends with data analysis. The accuracy ofmeasurement suffers if any one task to beperformed in steps from planning to dataanalysis is accomplished incompletely. Tobring maximum results from minimum costs, itis necessary to prepare a detailed plan withconsideration of measurement conditions andto execute each specific measurement taskcompletely in all steps of a measurementprocess. By taking advantage of its experienceand expertise, TML is able to control the entiremeasurement process and to achieve the bestmeasurement results through the coordinationof a professional staff.

■ Objects of measurement

■ Measurement items

Constructionmanagement

RoadAirport

Dam

Bridge RetainingWall Landslide Marine

structure

Fill Railway Tunnel Undergroundopening

Caisson Energyplant Dome Various

machines

Automobile Aircraft Shipbuilding etc.

■ Special measurement management

Small FWD(FWD-Light)

SIT - Nuclearpower plant

Testpavement

Histogramanalysis

Vibration measurement

Strain Displace-ment

Deforma-tion Axial force Tensile

force

Bending Shearing Torque Friction-al force

Residualstress

Pressure Wind pressure

Soilpressure

Waterpressure

Wavepressure

Accelera-tion Velocity Vibration Stress fre-

quencyTempera-ture

Settlement Inclination Expansion

Undergroundwater level

Landslide

etc.

Conver-gence

Crack dis-placement

Pore waterpressure

TML makes the most of its lineup ofproducts to provide the best measure-ment consulting servicesTML, an all-around manufacturer of strain measuring instruments,is known for its diverse products designed to deliver the bestmeasurement performance under any site conditions. There is nocompany that parallels TML in terms of a lineup of versatilemeasuring instruments that can be used for all measurementtasks from planning to data processing. To provide customerswith efficient consulting services and accurate data, TML choosesmeasuring instruments most suitable for each purpose and usesthem in such ways that they can give the most reliablemeasurements.

These measure strain or stress on metals, concrete,and other materials. They are also used as sensingdevices for transducers. They are high-reliabilityproducts, though small in size and simple in

structure. TML provides about 8,000 types of strain gauges designedfor specific applications and objects of measurement.

Strain gauges

These are sensors and used to measure load,pressure, displacement, acceleration, and othervarious physical quantities. When strain occurs onan object of measurement, strain equal to the

physical quantity of that actual strain occurs in the transducer and it isdetected using a built-in strain gauge. These are small in size andlightweight and have superior linearity and stability characteristics.Many different types of general-use transducers are available so that acustomer can choose one suitable for an object of measurement or itscapacity. TML continues to improve general-use transducers; forexample, strain gauges exclusively for general-use transducers havebeen developed.

General usetransducers

These transducers are designed to meet the needsof customers in civil engineering and construction,that is, to ensure long-term stability under rigorousmeasurement conditions. The full lineup and qualityof these transducers are highly regarded in thissector of industry where general versatility and

functionality of equipment and machinery are considered particularlyimportant. Transducers designed for specific work methods or worktypes are also available.

Civil engineer-ing and const-ruction trans-ducers

These are special-purpose measuring instrumentsrequired when conducting measurement activitiesusing strain gauges or strain-gauge-typetransducers. Many types of measuring instruments

are provided, as in the case of data loggers, dynamic strain measuringinstruments, histogram recorders, and other TML measuringinstruments. TML selects measuring instruments with consideration ofobjects of measurement, required data, operating environments, etc.,and makes the most of their characteristics and performance whenmaking measurement.

Measuringinstruments

In making measurement, computers are used toprocess data and to perform central control of ameasurement process using online communicationtechniques. TML has developed many

measurement software programs to achieve speed and accuracy inmeasurement, considering that software is a key to computerization ofmeasurement activities. TML uses many software programs developedspecifically for measurement, management of construction operations,open experiments, etc. In addition to Visual LOG measurementsoftware that can be used for all types of objects of measurement, TMLalso works on the development of new software for specificmeasurement projects on a commission contract basis.

Measurementsoftware

TML, an all-around manufacturer of strain gaugesand other measuring instruments, yields high-reliability products from a quality managementsystem working in all stages of manufacturingactivities from product development tomanufacturing to inspection. Strain gauges areinspected in accordance with the NASAspecification NAS942. TML is now working tobuild a quality assurance system that conforms tothe ISO 9000 series*. Reliability of measurementcan be ensured only if the quality of measuringinstruments has been enhanced to the levelwhere accurate data can be obtained at all timesunder any conditions. TML’s quality products are the basis on which effective, efficient measure-ment consulting services can be provided.

* The design and manufacture of TML strain gauges, strain measuringequipment and transducers has gained ISO9001 accreditation.

TML’s high-quality products are the results ofquality managementand quality assurance activities

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A sales staff member and specialists inmeasurement technology have a meet-ing with a client about a measurementproject. Information on the purpose ofmeasurement, objects of measurement,the client’s requirements, and so forthare gathered. An overview of steps andtechniques involved in the measurementprocess is given. A measurement planis prepared based on informationobtained in this meeting. The clientshould freely present concerns, requestsor any other subjects in the meeting.

Client Submitting a proposal Submitting a proposal Submitting reports

Proposinga measure-ment plan

A measurement plan isdrafted based on informa-tion obtained in the meet-ing and submitted to theclient. Relevant materialsand a rough estimate arealso submitted for theclient's review.

After a basic contract isconcluded, the measure-ment plant and a detailedestimate are prepared.The measurement plandescribes necessary andsufficient information onthe measurement processand involved activities.When agreement isreached on the contentsof the measurement plan,an official contract will beconcluded.

TML

Experienced personnel gatherdata using the techniques suit-able for specific measurementconditions. They make the mostof their know-how to deal with allsituations, for example, frommeasurement of instantaneousimpact to one-year or longermonitoring/measurement, fromone-point measurement to 1,000or more points measurement,and so forth. At worksites, whathas been done cannot beredone. TML uses its powerfulmeasurement system along withattentiveness and close staffcoordination to bring the qualityof its measurement activities toperfection.

Measurement

Data obtained by mea-surement is analyzedbased on the measure-ment plan. Various datacommunication means,computers, and the latestequipment and softwareare used to extract accu-rate, reliable data withspeed.

Processing and analyzingdata

Reports are made andsubmitted to a client toprovide all relevant infor-mation on the measure-ment activities, i.e., dataobtained by measurementand analysis, measure-ment and analysis meth-ods, measurement condi-tions, and details ofimplementation of themeasurement plan, andso forth.

Makingreports

Preparinga measure-ment plan

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▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Meeting

TML Proposes a Measurement Process Best Suited for a Client’s Needs and ConditionsMeasurement is a key to successful execution of civil engineering and construction work in all stages from testing to workmanagement. Although the importance of measurement is recognized, work operators face the challenge of acquiringreliable data with limited time and cost. TML has a quick grasp of a client's purpose of measurement, site conditions, andthe standing of measurement activity in overall project activities, and proposes and implements a necessary andsufficient measurement plan. TML proposes the most appropriate approach to measurement so that a client canperform measurement operations in all steps of a measurement process with the highest level of efficiency and obtain reliabledata.

Sapporo branch office

Kita-Kantosales office

Kiryu factory

Fukuokasales office

Nagoyasales office

Tsuchiurasales office

Headquarters andTokyo sales officeMeasurment Engineeig Division

Akashibranch office

Osakasales office

Kumagayasales office

Yokohamasales office

Mobility and flexibilityOur personnel work on a measurement projectas a team; they coordinate and make theirbest efforts to meet a client's expectations.Measurement is a round-the-clock operationand requires continued attentiveness.Therefore, good teamwork is vital tosuccessful measurement. TML is able toprovide the best measurement serviceanywhere and anytime across the country.

Measuring instruments areprepared according to themeasurement plan, and they areinstalled at the worksite. As amanufacturer of measuringinstruments, TML can prepare alltypes of measuring instrumentsquickly, standard or custom-made ones. When install ingsensors, measuring instrumentsand connection cables, thepurpose of measurement andsite conditions are taken intoconsideration and extreme careis used to allow all componentsin the measurement system towork flawlessly and efficiently.

Providing andinstalling mea-suring instru-ments

▲

Developing measuringinstruments and software ifnecessary.TML has a full line of self-developed measuringinstruments that can meet diverserequirements for on-site measurementoperations. Another competitive edge is thatas a manufacturer of measuring instruments,TML can deliver custom-designed productswith a short lead-time. As our measurementcontrol system has become highlycomputerized and specialized, TML isimproving existing products and developingnew ones to meet new needs of customers.TML has developed many easy-to-usehardware and software products and custom-designed products to meet highly technical andspecialized requirements.

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TML proposes a management and measurement system to achieve moreefficient measurements through the use of information andcommunication equipment.The rationalization of long-term ageing measurement, dynamic behavior monitoring and construction and maintenancemanagement measurements leads to reduction of labor and facility maintenance costs. By introducing not onlyInternet technology and the latest information communication technology but conventional technology in data transferto a control or monitor room for centralized control of a remote area and multiple locations and building up theoptimum system according to measurement environments, unmanned and automatic operation in measurementprocess and rationalization and high efficiency of a remote distance communication system can be materialized toreduce the maintenance cost.


■ Examples of neighboring construction measurement

Piling and fundamental work

Influence to surrounding gound (building, bridge pier, etc.)Inclination, displacement, noise, vibration, etc.

Inclinometer

Water-tube displace-ment transducer

Inclinometer

Ground improve-ment work

Influence to surrounding gound Displacement, settlement, under-ground water level, etc.

Water leveltransducer

Inclinometer

Inclinometer

Tunnel work

Influence to shield tunnel Segment stress/strain convergence, In-place inclinometer, etc.


■ Features● Planning of measurement system according to field measurement environments● Correspondence to various communication system● Possible setup of automatic alarming and communication● Possible centralized control and automatic monitoring

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LAN

Measurement system with telecommunication netework Data transfer by mobile phone

Data center

Measurement system with telecommunication netework Data transfer by fixed phone or mobile phone

PACKET communicationMobilemodem

Mobilemodem Computer

Mobilemodem

Mobilemodem

Computer

Wireless measurement system Data transfer by fixed phone, effective in a place such as mountains where public line or mobile phone is not available.

Dottedmeasuringpoints

Wireless unit enclosure

Instrument enclosure

Data collectionpoint

Measurement system by Internet communication Data distribution by Web server or email as well as direct control is possible.

Internet

Computer

Email

Measurement system by LAN Data transmission by fiber optics, wireless LAN or VPN

ComputerViewing Computer

Control Computer

Computer

Router

Pilot lampor Alarmdevice

Static strainmeter/Data Logger (with alarmunit option)

Static Data Logger

Dynamic strainmeter

Personal computer

Public line

Measurement Management of Steel Beam Bridge

Bridge measurement1

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Acceleration transducer

Servo accelerometer Monitors waveform from a test by the methods of constanttremore, exciter, vehicle stop/go and falling weight.

Temperature Thermocouple,Temperature gauge T, KT-A Measures temperatures of bridge members

FLAFRACDP, OUFLAFRAFLAFRAFXVFLAFRAPLPLCPLPLCCDP, OUKG-BCustom

■ A list of Measuring Instruments

Cross beam

Barrier curb

Precast floor slab

Main beamUpper flange

Lower flange

Scallop

Web

Flange

Weld bead

Stiffener

: Single element strain gauge: Three element rosette gauge: Single element concrete gauge: Two element concrete gauge: Stress concentration gauge: Displacement transducer: Acceleration transducer

Steel beam bridge measurement is divided into four categories: static loading measurement, dynamic loadingmeasurement, frequency measurement and vibration measurement. In the static loading measurement, the status ofthe generation of static stress using a test car is seized, and in the dynamic loading measurement, that of dynamicstress during a test car or ordinary car passing is observed. In the frequency measurement, the degree of fatigueaffecting a steel bridge is measured. In the vibration measurement, data are collected using a constant tremor method,exciter method, vehicle stop/go method and so on, and vibration mode is identified by FFT and modal analysis of thecollected data.

Instruments Measurement items Type DescriptionMeasures strains in flange axial direction.Measures principal strains of web and its direction.Monitors deflection of main beamMeasures strains in stiffener axial direction.Measures principal strains of stiffener and its direction.Measures strains in axial direction of stiffenerMeasures principal strain of cross beam and its direction.Measures stress concentration strains of weld partMeasures strains in scallop axial direction.Measures principal strain of scallop and its direction.Measures strains in floor slab axial direction.Measures principal strains of floor slab.Measures strains in barrier curb axial direction.Measures principal strains of barrier curve. Monitors deflection of floor slab.Measures X and Y of crack opening displacement of an object.Measures X, Y and Z of crack opening displacement of an object.

Main beam strain

Main beam displacement

Stiffener strain

Cross beam strain

Scallop strain

Floor slab strain

Barrier curb strain

Floor slab deformation

Single strain gauge3-element rosette gaugeDisplacement transducerSingle strain gauge3-element rosette gaugeSingle strain gauge3-element rosette gaugeStress concentration gaugeSingle strain gauge3-element rosette gaugeSingle strain gauge2-element cross gaugeSingle strain gauge2-element cross gaugeDisplacement transducer2-directional crack gauge3-directional crack gauge

ARF-A

Other maker

Monitors waveform from a test by the methods of constanttremor, exciter, vehicle stop/go and falling weight

Vibration of floor slab

Measurement Management of Steel Beam Bridge

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■ Static measurementSteel beam bridge static measurement system block diagram Static measurement display screen

AC90-250V

Propriety of structure detail Steel beam Fatigue performance of scallop Strain gauges Displacement transducer Fatigue performance of cross beam Strain gauges Displacement transducer

Floor slab Check of stress in reinforcing bar Strain gauges

Check of stress in stud Strain gauges

Grasping overall behaviour Deflection of main beam and floor slab Displacement transducer

Stress of main beam Strain gauge

Stress of concrete floor slab Strain gauge

Arrester

Swtichingbox

Data logger Computer

UPS

Insulationtransformer Printer

Dynamic waveform data

Waveform data FFT

Frequency data graph Frequency data list

■ Dynamic measurementSteel beam bridge dynamic measurement system block diagram

ONLINE OFFLINE

Strain gaugesDisplacement transducerAcceleration transducer

Digital Dynamic StrainmeterMulti-RecorderDynamic Strain Recorder

PC PC Printer

■ Vibration measurementSteel beam bridge vibration measurement system block diagram

Servoaccelerometer

Servo amplifier

Digital Dynamic strainmterMulti-recorderDynamic Strain Recorder

PC Printer

■ Frequency measurementSteel beam bridge frequency measurement system block diagram

Histogram RecorderHR-908A

Multi-recorder TMR-200

Strain gaugesDisplacement transducerAcceleration transducer

Notebok PC

Measurement Management of Cable-stayed Bridge

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Bridge measurement1

When constructing a PC (pre-stressed concrete) cable stayed bridge, the following conditions must be monitored andcontrolled: (1) Inclination of a main tower, (2) Materials (concrete, PC grout, etc.) quality, (3) Deflection (camber andshape), (4) Tensile force of diagonal members and (5) Tension of PC steel members. Design values (tensile force ofdiagonal members, temperature of members, deflection of a main beam, stress, etc.) are provided as a set of workexecution management values. Work is executed and controlled by checking the work execution management valuesagainst values obtained by making actual measurement.

Surface inclinometerInclination measurement on main tower

Acceleration trans-ducerCable tensile forceby forciblevibration

Load CellLoad measurementin tensionof cable

Center-hole load cellStandard water tank


Reinforcingbar meter

Main tower

Diagonal member

Main beam

Main tower

Measurement items

■ A list of Measuring InstrumentsInstruments Type

Strain TransducerNon-stress casingReinforcing bar meterCenter-hole load cellSurface inclinometerCenter-hole load cellHigh capacity pressure transducerCenter-hole load cellThermocouple, Temperature gaugeTemperature-integrated strain transducer


Stress meterWater-tube displacement transducerElectronic level staff

KM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BTKM-B, KM-BT, KM-KMFKSA-A, KSAT-AKCM-NA, KCE-NA, KCG-NAKB-AB, KB-AC, KB-DB, KB-EBKCM-NA, KCE-NA, KCG-NAPWH-PAKCM-NA, KCE-NAT, KT-AKM-B, KM-BT

ARF-A

Other productsKWL-B, KWL-EOther products

Concrete strainConcrete dry shrinkageReinforcing bar stressPre-stressed introduction force of main towerMain tower inclinationTensile force of diagonal members

Tensile force of jacks

Temperature

Tensile force of diagonal members by forciblevibrationConcrete stress

Deflction of main tower

Measurement Management of Cable-stayed Bridge

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■ Measurement System Block Diagram

AC90～250V

Strain transducerStress meterNon-stress casingReinforcing bar meterThermocouples

Strain transducerStress meterNon-stress casingReinforcing bar meterInclinometerThermocouples

Steel bar meterThermocouplesLoad cell

Main beam

Main tower

Diagonal member

Switchingbox

Switchingbox

Sensor protectionarrester

Booster power supply

Insulation transformer

Exclusive exten-sion cable(embedded in the ground)

Data logger

Personalcomputer

Printer

Insulationtransformer

Inside main beam box Inside measurement room

■ Measurement in stretching diagonal members

Diagonal member

Upper floor slab

Load cell

Lower floor slab Side view

Installation of daigonal member load cell Installation of pressure transducer

Load cell

Cable

Pressuretransducer

Switchingbox

Digital indicator Data Logger Personal computerinstalled to jack to monitor jack

Pressuretransducer

Extensioncable

Pump

Digital indicator

Tensil jack

Diagonalmembers

■ Measurement of tensile force of diagonal members

Direct measurement

Indirect measurement by forcible vibration

Load cell


Switchingbox

Data Logger Personal computer

Personal computerDigital Dynamic strainmeterMulti-RecorderDynamic Strain Recorder


Upper floor slab

Lower floor slab Side view

Installation of acceleratioin transducer

Outer tube

When installing a caisson, the following conditions must be monitored and controlled to gather data on the degree ofsinking of the caisson body:

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Caisson measurement2

Man-lock(Personal access)

Material-lock(Pressurized air supply)

Workspace

Water level meter

Strain transducer

Soil pressure gauge

Cutting-edge reactingforce meter

Water-tubedisplacementtransducer


Skin friction meter

Inclinometer

Pore water pressure gauge

■ Measuring System Block Diagram

SensorCutting-edge reacting force meterSoil pressure gauge Skin-friction meterPore pressure gaugeReinforcing bar meterStrain transducerStress meterInclinometerWater-tube displace-ment transducerWinding type displacement transducerPore pressure gaugeWater level meterIn-place settlement meter

Storage box

Switchingbox


Data LoggerPC

PrinterIsolationtransformer

AC90-250V

UPS

Measurement room

■ A list of Measuring InstrumentsMeasurement items Instruments Type Description

Cutting-edge reactingforce

Soil pressure on wall

Skin-frictionPore pressure of the surroundingsBehavior within the caisson

Inclination

Subsidence of caisson

Atmospheric pressure within the caissonWeight of waterSettlement ofsurrounding groundTemperature

Cutting-edge reacting force meterSoil pressure gauge for wall surfaceSkin-friction meter

Pore pressure gauge

Re-inforcingbar meter Straintransducer Stress meter

Inclinometer

Water-tube displace-ment transducerWinding type displace-ment transducer

Pore pressure gauge

Water level meterIn-place settlement meterThermocouple thermometer

KKB-PA

KDB-PAKDD-PAKKA-PAKPA-PAKPC-PAKSA-A, KSAT-A, KM-BKM-BT, Other maker

KB-AB, KB-AC

KWL-B KWL-E

DP-E

KPA-PAKPC-PAKW-CKLA-A, NKLA-AKLC-AT, KT-A

Finds reaction force by embedding a load cell in the cutting edge

Hollows out in a box shape on the side face of a caisson and fixedthereto.Hollows out in a box shape on the side face of a caisson and fixed thereto.Hollows out in a box shape on the side face of a caisson and fixedthereto.Pressure-welds to a re-bar inside a caisson wall to measure stress. Measures straininside the wall. Fix a stress meter inside to measure an effective force of a concrete.Fixes it to a point of interest to find the attitude of a caisson from tiltangles of X and Y components.A reference water tank is fixed inside the caisson and relative sinkingamount is found from the transducers connected via water tube.

The sinking amount of a caisson to the ground level is measured.

One method is the use of absolute pressure and another the back pressure of a relativepressure transducer made open to atmospheric pressure outside the caisson. Found by measuring water level inside the caisson.The sinking amount of a settlement plate placed on the ground levelto a fixed point which is an anchor of measuring rod.Measures temperature inside and outside the caisson.

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Conditions to be monitored when constructing retaining walls include subsidence, movement and displacement ofground, groundwater conditions, lateral pressure on earth retaining walls, deformation and pressure conditions of earthretaining structures, and so forth. The collapse of retaining walls, effects of collapse on surrounding ground, heaving,boiling, and other dangerous phenomena must be detected and necessary actions must be taken as quickly aspossible. Therefore, an online measurement system using computers and data loggers is used.

Retaining Wall measurement3

Strain transducer

Strain transducer

Inclinometer

Center-hole typeload cell

Jack



TML-NET

TML-NET transucer

Sensor protect-ion arrester

Switching box

Network Driver

Inclinometer Load cell Inclinometer

Pore-waterpressure gauge

Strain Thermo- transducer couple

Pressure transducer Arrester

Settle-ment gauge

Inclino-meter

Data Logger

PC Printer

Lateral pressure

Deformation and stresses of wall

Temperature of concrete Axial force of anchor

Axial force of strut

Strains of strutTemperatureStress of walingHeave of ground at bottomUnderground water levelPore pressureSettlement

Lateral displacement

Underground water levelSettlementInclinationCrack

Strut

Waling

Cutting bottom

Surrounding ground

Surrounding structure

KDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PAKPA-PA, KPB-PAKM-BKSA-A, KSAT-AKB-GC, KB-HCKB-DB, KB-EB, KB-AB, KB-ACKB-JE, KB-KE, NKB-LD, NKB-MDTKCM-NA, KCE-NAPWH-PAKCM-NA, KCE-NAKM-B, KM-BTT, KT-AKM-BKLA-A, NKLA-AKW-CKPA-PA, KPB-PAKLA-AKB-GC, KB-HCKB-JE, KB-KE, NKB-L, NKB-MDKW-CKWL-EKB-AB, KB-AC, KB-DB, KB-EBKG-A

Measurement items Object of measurement TypeInstruments Soil pressure gaugePore water pressure gaugeStrain transducerReinforcing bar meterInclinometer probeSurface InclinometerIn-place inclinometerThermocoupleCenter-hole type loa cellPressure transucerCenter-hole type loa cellStrain transducerThermocouple, Temperature gaugeStrain transducerGround displacement transducerWater level meterPore water pressure gaugeGround displacement transducerInclinometer probeIn-place inclinometerWater level meterWater tube displacement transducerSurface inclinometerCrack displacement transducer

Earth retaining wall

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Test Pavement measurement4During pavement construction, driving tests, loading tests, and long-period deterioration tests are conducted usingvarious types of sensors to check the degree of fatigue in relation to the load bearing capacity.

Strain transducerThermocouple

Displacement trans-ducer for each layer

Soil Pressure Gauge

AsphaltConcrete for paving

Pore-Water PressureGauge

Measurement items Type



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DRA-101C

Printer

AC 100V

Static measurement

Dynamic measurement

Sensor

Sensor

Strain transducerReinforcing bar meterSoil pressure gaugeSettlement gaugePore-water pressure gaugeThermocouple

Strain transducerReinforcing bar meterSoil pressure gaugeSettlement gauge


Switching box

Digital dynamic strainmeterMulti-RecorderDynamic Strain Recorder

Data Logger

Computer UPS

Isolationtransformer

Measures soil pressure of each layer.Measures strains after curing and also in curing process.Installs a settling plate on the top of each layer andmeasures a relative displacement between each layer.Embedded in subgrade and measures pore pressure.

Measures inside and outside temperature.

Measures distribution of strains generated on the surface.

KDA-PA, KDC-PA, KDL-PAKM-B/-BS1/-HBS2

To order

KPB-PA, KPD-PATKT-ASSM-360

Pore pressure gauge ThermocoupleTemperature gaugeSurface strain gauge

Soil pressure gaugeStrain transducerDisplacement trans-ducer for each layer

Pore pressure of subbase course

Temperature of pavement

Strain distribution of pavement

Soil pressure of subbase courseStrain of pavement body

Settlement of each layer

Description Instruments

Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD5

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Main Applications● General ground such as railway fill,

subgrade and subbase course● High rigid ground such as airport● Refilling soil for buried pipe● Small asphalt paving● Interlocking block paving

TML small FWD system “FWD-Light®” is a testing device applicable for management and rigidity evaluation of soilstructures such as a fill, cut, subbase course and subgrade. As it is easy-to-handle and portable and can measuresubgrade reaction coefficient “K” and subgrade elastic modulus “E” in a short period of time, real time feedback toconstruction site is possible. It can also be used for bearing capacity measurement and rigidity evaluation of asphaltpavement, interlocking block pavement and so on. The testing is conducted according to the methods introduced inthe “FWD and Portable FWD Handling Manual (2003.1)” issued by JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers) and “DesignStandards for Railway Structures and Commentary” edited by RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute).

POWER

Exclusive display

Small FWD unit

Instruments Type Brief Specification


RS-232C

Acceleration waveforminput

Load waveforminput

Exclusive printer optional

Note PC

RS-232CPOWER

Optional Extension of acceleration waveform input by External Displacement Sensor

Exclusive Indicator TC-351F

Optical Software TC-7100 Example of waveform indication

Example of measured data Data analysis Maximum load and displacement Coefficient of subgrade reaction Modulus of subgrade elasticity Waveform data, etc.

Memory cardDigital data of load

and displacement

An example of data sheet creation

Embankment

Simple asphalt paving

Railway fill

Build-in load cell and accelerometer, Max. load: 20kN, Max. displacement: 2.5mmDisplays max. load, max. displacement, subgrade reaction coefficient and subgradeelastic modulus and records/saves on memory card.Built-in accelerometer, max. displacement of 1mmIn addition to analysis result with exclusive display, waveform display of load, acceleration,velocity and displacement and display of O-P time and time accumulation is possible.

KFD-100A

TC-351F

KFDS-1B

TC-7100

Small FWD unit

Exclusive display

External displacement sensor

Measurement/processing software

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AC 90-250V

Measurement roomStorage boxSensor

Data Logger

PC Printer



UPS

Water-tube displace-ment trasducerExtensometerSettlement transducerInclinometerPore pressure gaugeSoil pressure gaugeWater level meter Switching box

Fill Measurement6For filling work on soft ground, the following conditions must be monitored:(1) Conditions of ongoing work and the status of process management by performing measurement control operations(2) Safety factor or margin of a fill, (3) Critical load and deflection, (4) Amount of subsidence and heaving

With a computer, a data logger and measuring instruments linked in an online measurement network, conditions ofground subsidence, horizontal displacement, earth pressure in subterranean ground and pore water pressure aremonitored so that appropriate action can be taken if any abnormal condition is detected.

Pore water pres-sure gauge

ExtensometerExtensometer

Settlement trans-ducer

Extenso-meter

Water-tube dis-place-menttrans-ducer

In-placeinclino-meter


Vertical displacement of ground surface

Measurement items Instruments Type Description

Horizontal displacement of ground surfaceVertical displacement of undergroundHorizontal displacement of undergroundPore pressureSoil pressureWater levelStrain of reinforcing materials


Extensometer

Multi-layer settlement meter

In-place inclinometer

Pore pressure gaugeSoil pressure gaugeWater level meterStrain gauge

KWL-E

KLG-A, KLG-BNKLG-A, NKLG-B

KLA-A, NKLA-A, KLC-A

KB-JE, KB-KE, KB-JFKB-KF, NKB-LD, NKB-MDKPB-PA, KPD-PAKDA-PA, KDC-PA, KDE-PA, KDL-PAKW-CYFLA

Measures the amount of settlement at the bottom of fillMeasures the amount of horizontalmovement.

Particularly when driving a sand compaction pile.

Pile Loading Test Measurement7

16

On-site pile measurement includes test measurement to determine design specifications, pile work controlmeasurement during pile work execution, post-execution verification measurement, and follow-up measurement aftercompletion of pile work. It is necessary to build a static and dynamic measurement system suitable for eachmeasurement method, the type of measuring instrument used, the purpose of measurement, and site conditions.

Reaction piles

Reference beam

Reaction piles

Test pile

Displacement transducer for measuringsettlement of the top and bottom of piles

Displacement transducer for measuring inclination of the top of pile

Displacement transducer for measuring settlement of the top of pile

The top of test pile

Displacement transducer for measuring settlement of the top of piles

Displacement transducer for measuring settlement of the top of piles

Reference beam

Reference beam


Load

Settlement of pile topSettlement of pile bottomHorizontal displacement (tilt) of pile top

Axial strain of pile

Displacement amount of reaction device

Load cellPressure transducerDisplacement transducerDisplacement transducerDisplacement transducerStrain gaugeReinforcing bar meterStrain transducerDisplacement transducer

CLP-NB, CLF-NAPWH-PACDPCDPCDPWFKSA-A, KSAT-AKM-A, KM-BCDP

Steel pilePC or RC pilePC or RC pile



AC 90-250V

Sensor Storage box Measurement room

Switchingbox

Data Logger

PCIsolation UPS transformer

Loadcell

Pressure transducer

Displacement transducer

Strain gauge

Reinforcing bar meter

Strain transducer

Printer

Drawing Tabling

17

NATM Measurement

Tunnel Measurement8

The displacement of surrounding ground and tunnel support structures along with stress conditions are measuredduring tunnel excavation to ensure work safety and economic efficiency.

Rock displace-ment transducer


Micro Creep meter

Rock bolt axialforce trans-ducer


Data Logger

Switching box

Inclinometer Settelementtransducer


Storagebox

Measurement room

Rock displace- Rock bolt axialment transducer force transducer

Micro Creep meter Strain trans- Center-hole type ducer load cell


Pore waterpressure gauge

Transfer

Office/Control center


UPS

Data acquisitionsystem

Alarm unit

AC 90~250V

Sensor

Change and displacement of distance between tunnel walls

Settlement and heave ofground surface

Horizontal and verticaldisplacement measuredoutside the tunnel

Relative displacement in tunnelChange of stress by excavationPore pressure conditionsForce distribution of rock boltAxial force of washerSpraying concrete stress

Stresses of lining concrete

Stresses of support and membersGround load on liningBack water pressure

Movement of ground surface

Convergence

Displacement of ground

Groundstress

Change of ground stressPore water pressure

Axial force ofrock bolt

Concrete stress

Stress of steel arch

Ground load

Behavior of ground surface andstructures

Force and stress on support members

Effects on surroundings

Micro Creep meter KH-A

Settlement transducerInclinometerIn-place inclinometerRock displacement transducerSoil Pressure GaugePore Water Pressure GaugeRock Bolt Axial TransducerCenter-hole type load cellStrain transducerReinforcing bar meterStrain transducerStrain GaugeSoil Pressure GaugePore Water Pressure GaugeWater-tube Displacement TransducerSettlement transducerWater-tube Displacement TransducerInclinometerExtensometer

KLA-A, NKLA-A, KLC-AKB-GC, KB-HCKB-JE, KB-KE, NKB-LD, NKB-MDKLB-AKDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PAKPA-PA, KPC-PAKRA-ACLC-NA, KCM-NAKM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BTKSA-A, KSAT-AKM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BTFLAKDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PAKPB-PA, KPD-PAKWL-EKLA-A, NKLA-AKWL-EKB-AB, KB-AC, KB-DB, KB-EBKLG-A,KLG-B, NKLG-A, NKLG-B

Measurement items Instruments Type


Settlement, heave andinclination of structures

18

Tunnel Measurement

Deformation of segment ring and effects on urban structures are observed.

Shield Measurement

Segment SegmentCenter-holetype load cell

Pore-water pressure gauge

Crack displace-ment transducer


Soil pressuregauge

Behavior of segment

Behavior of groundsurfaceand adjacentstructures

Type




Sensor

Settlementtransducer Water level meter Inclinometer

Re-inforcingbar-meter

Water-tube dis-placement transducer

Crack displace-ment transducer

Soil pres-sure gauge

Pore-waterpressuregauge Center-hole

type load cell

Storagebox

Switching box

Data Logger


UPS


Alarm unit

AC 90~250V

Measurement room

Transfer


KDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PAKPA-PA, KPC-PAKSA-A, KSAT-AKG-AKWL-EKLA-A, NKLA-AKWL-EKB-AB, KB-AC, KB-DB, KB-EBKLG-A, KLG-B, NKLG-A, NKLG-BKB-JE, KB-KE, KB-DB, KB-EB,NKB-LD, NKB-MDKW-CKPA-PA, KPC-PA

InstrumentsSoil pressure gaugePore-water pressure gaugeReinforcing bar meterCrack Displacement transducerWater-tube Displacement transducerMulti-layer Settlement transducerWater-tube Displacement transducerSurface InclinometerExtensometer

In-place inclinometer

Water level meterPore-water pressure gauge

Measurement items

Horizontal and vertical movement ofunderground

Change in ground water

Soil pressure acting on the ringWater pressure acting on the ringStresses and strains in the ring’s rebarsDeformation of segment joint

Settlement and heave of ground surface

Settlement, heave and inclination ofstructures

Movement of ground surface

Underground Opening Measurement9

As the cross section of an underground opening becomes large, ground stability decreases and a large-scale supportstructure is required. The stability of an opening depends on surrounding ground. Since it is very difficult to clarify thelevel of ground stability by conducting surveys, data on the behavior of ground gathered during construction isanalyzed and analysis results are reflected to design and construction. This is an observational construction controlsystem that our company proposes to customers.

19



Sensor

Storagebox

Measurement room

Switching box

Data Logger


UPS


AC 90~250V

Alarm unit

Transfer Rock dis-placementtransducer

Cneter-hole typeload cell

Strain transducer

Micro Creep meter

Reinforcingbar meter Rock bolt

axial trans-ducer

An anchor is fixed in the bore hole, and change ofdisplacement between the anchor and bedrock surfaceis measured.Measurement pin is fixed on bedrock or concrete surfaceMeasures distance between the pins.A target is fixed to bedrock or concrete surface to measurean absolute displacement from the reference point.Load cell is installed at the foot of PS structure tomeasure change of tensile force.Measures rock-bolt axial force.

Installed to arch concrete structures to confirm design strength and time-dependent change of stress andstress distribution.

Type Description

KLB-A

KH-AOther maker

Other maker

KCM-NA, KCE-NA

KRA-AKSA-A, KSAT-AKM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BTKT-A, TKM-B, KM-BT, KMFMade to order

Instruments

Rock displacementtransducer

Micro creep meterSurvey apparatus

Electronic distance meter

Center-hole type load cell

Rock-bolt axial force meterReinforcing bar meterStrain transducerThermocoupleNon-stress casingTriangular weir water meter

Measurement itemsDisplacement of surroundingbedrock (Undergrounddisplacement)

Convergence and subsidence of top part

Load on PS concrete structures

Stress of arch concrete structures

The amount of spring


Rock displacement transducer


Rock bolt axial transducer


Rock bolt axial transducer

Micro Creep meter

Micro Creep meter

Test pile


20

Dam Measurement10Fill Dam MeasurementDuring construction of an earth dam, pore water pressure in the dam body and its foundation ground is measured anddata obtained is used to control earth (concrete) filling speeds. Deformation of the dam body and its foundation andthe earth pressure on them are also measured during construction. After completion of a dam, the amount ofinfiltrating water in the dam body and foundation ground and the deformation of the dam body are measured to ensuresafe dam operations. In addition, pore water pressure, osmotic pressure on foundation ground, the level ofgroundwater and so on are measured in order to grasp the state of water infiltration in both the dam body and itsfoundation ground.

Concrete Dam MeasurementEmbedment instruments for concrete dam are used forroughly thee purposes: construction work management, worksafety management and collection of research data.

Settle-mentgauge

Rod

Disc

Soil pressuregauge


Joint meter

Thermocouple

Location in gravity dam Location in arch dam

Slope failureKLG-A, NKLG-AKB-AB, KB-AC, KB-JF, KB-KFNKB-LD, NKB-MDKW-CKPA-PA, KPB-PAKPC-PA, KPD-PA

Ground water levelInfiltrationflow

Items TypeInstrumentsExtensometerIn-placeinclinometerWater level meterPore-Waterpressure gauge

■ A list of Measuring InstrumentsMeasurement for surrounding ground and foundation bedrock

Measurement for inspection gallery

Measurement for embankment and foundation

■ A list of Measuring InstrumentsMeasurement for surrounding ground and foundation bedrock

Measurement for embankment Measurement for foundation

Stress of barRelative displacementbetween concretesConcrete Stress

Internal strain

Temperature

Items TypeInstrumentsKSAT-A, KSA-A

KJA-A

Made to orderKM-B, KM-BTKMFTKT-A


Joint meter

Concrete Stress meterStrain transducerNon-stress casingThermocoupleTemperature gauge

Displacementof bedrockPore waterpressure

Soil pressure

Uplift pressure

Items TypeInstruments

KLB-A

KPA-PA, KPB-PAKPC-PA, KPD-PAKDA-PA, KDC-PAKDE-PAPWF-S


Soil pressure gauge

Uplift pressure transducer

Leakage

Concretestress

Temperaute

Deformation

Items Type

Made to order

Other makerKM-BTKM-BT, KMFKJB-AKT-ATOther maker

InstrumentsTriangular-weirwater meterStress meterStrain transducerNon-stress casingJoint meterTemperature gauge (Thermocouple)Plumb line

Slopefailure

Undergroundwater levelInfiltrationflow

Items TypeKLG-A/-B, NKLG-A/-B

InstrumentsExtensometer

KB-AB, KB-ACKB-JF, KB-KFNKB-LD, NKB-MD

In-place Inclino-meter

KW-CWater level meter

KPA-PA, KPB-PAKPC-PA, KPD-PA


DisplacementSubsidenceof soil layerDisplacementof bedrock

Displacementof rock surface

SettlementPore-water pressureSoil pressureStrain

Items TypeInstrumentsKB-JE, KB-KE

KLA-A, NKLA-A, KLC-A

KLB-A

KB-DB, KB-DE, KJB-AKB-AB/-AC/-DB/-EB, NKB-LD/-MDMade to order

KPA-/KPB-/KPC-/KPD-PA

KDA-PA, KDC-PA , KDE-PAKM-B

InclinometerSettlement transducerRock displace-ment transducer

Inclinometer

Settlement meterPore-waterpressure gaugeSoil pressure gaugeStrain transducer

Pore water pressuregauge

Construction Management Measurement Based on The Status of Concrete11

21

KDC-PA, KDD-PA

Soil pressuregauge Concrete Filling

Sensor KZA-C

Concrete Free WaterSensor KZW-1A

Concrete Level Sensor KZL-1A, KZL-2A

Concrete Level Sensor

Thermocouple

Concrete FillingSensor

Soil PressureGauge

Concrete

Pump

Data Logger TDS-530

PC Form

Valve Tube

With the spread of an excellent self-filling and high fluid concrete, a method of concrete being placed in the formdirectly has been frequently used. When concrete is filled in a narrow space or complicated shaped form, it is verydifficult to visually observe the filling status of concrete. Here, we suggest a concrete filling management system forobserving the condition of concrete placement.

Distribution graph of concrete placement level

Con

cret

e pl

acem

ent l

evel

(m

)

Sensor No.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7Target concrete placinglevel

A graph of concrete level vs. time

Con

cret

e pl

acem

ent l

evel

(m

)

Time (hour)


Concrete placement levelConcrete filling statusSide pressure of formPumping pressureConcrete temperature

Concrete level sensorConcrete filling sensorSoil pressure gaugeFlash diaphragm type pressure transducerTemperature gauge (thermocouple)Concrete free water sensor

KZL-AKZA-CKDC-PA, KDD-PAPWF-PAT, KT-AKZW-1A

Measurement Items Instruments Type

22

Center-hole typeload cell

SurfaceInclinometer

Extensometer

Water Level Meter

In-place Inclinometer

Rain gauge

Center-holeload cell

ExtensometerHousingbox

Slide surfa

ce

bedrock

Underground water

■ Measuring System Block DiagramSensor

Measurement room


Extensometer Inclinometer


Settlement transducerWater-tubedisplacement transducer

Water level meter

Load Cell Pore Pressuregauge

Sensor protection arrester

Data Logger

Switching box

UPS Isolationtransformer

AC 90～ 250V

Transfer

Communica-tion system

Soil Pressuregauge

Landslide Measurement12In making a landslide measurement plan, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the three-dimensional profileand the ground-movement direction of landslide area. A measurement system that TML recommends is a centralized,automated measurement control system in which measuring instruments, data loggers, computers, and so on areconnected in an online network. The addition of a communication function would turn this system into a wireless-communications measurement system.

Main measurement items● Ground surface displacement caused by a landslide

(conditions of expansion/contraction and inclination)● Variation of underground water● Sliding surface displacement● External stress on and deformation of

structures built to prevent landslide


Expansion

Inclination

Inclination

Soil mass movement

Undergrround water pressure

Wheather

Soil pressure

Stress

Inclination

Axical force of anchor

Variation of ground surface

Variation of Underground

Hydrological observation

Behaviour of strctures

ExtensometerWater-tube displacement meterMoving pile/survey apparatusInclinometerInsertion type inclinometerIn-place inclinometerPipe strain meterWater level meterPore pressure gaugeRain gaugeSnow depth meterSoil pressure gaugeStrain transducerRe-bar meterInsertion type inclinometerSmall inclinometerIn-place inclinometerCenter-hole load cell

KLG-A, KLG-B, NKLG-A, NKLG-BKWL-B/-EOther makerKB-AB, KB-ACKB-GC, KB-HCKB-JE, KB-KE, NKB-LD, NKB-MDP401KW-CKPB-PA, KPD-PAOther makerOther makerKDB-PA, KDD-PA, KDF-PAKM-A, KM-AT, KM-B, KM-BTKSA-A, KSAT-AKB-GC, KB-HCKB-DB, KB-EB, KB-AB, KB-ACKB-JE, KB-KE, NKB-LD, NKB-MDCLC-NA, KCM-NA, KCE-NA

Measurement objects Measurement items Instruments Type

23

Landing Pier Measurement

Marine Structure Measurement 13

The following tests are conducted to survey the aging conditions of a pier:● Static measurement● Stress and strain on a pier under no-load conditions are measured.● Dynamic measurement● Stress and strain on a pier are measured by running a vehicle, such as a forklift loaded with maximum weight

assumed to be applied.● The stress and strain of a pier are measured when a ship of 10,000 D.W.T. or heavier comes alongside the pier.


SurfaceInclinometer

Strain transducer

KSA-AKSAT-AKM-A/-ATKM-B/-BTTKT-AKB-AB, KB-AC

Reinforcing bar stress transducers are installed in the directions perpendicular to and parallelto a normal line of a main beam reinforcement or a floor slab to measure strain on the bars.Strain transducers are installed in the directions perpendicular to and parallel to anormal line of a main beam reinforcement or a floor slab to measure strain on concrete.

Monitors temperature distribution within the pier

Measures and monitors the behavior of pier

Items Type DescriptionReinforcing bar meter

Strain transducer

ThermocoupleTemperature gaugeInclinometer

Stresses in piers

Strains in piers

Temperature inpiersInclination of pier

Instruments



Static measurement Dynamic measurement

Beam/Floor slab

Strain transducer

Reinforcingbar meater

SensorProtectionarrester

Strain transducer


Beam/Floor slabInstruments

Switchingbox

Data Logger

Temperature meas-uring instruments

Impact testinginstruments

Multi-RecorderDynamic strain RecorderThermocouple adaptor

Computer

Digital dynamic strainmeter

■ Examples of data outputWhen a forklift is running When a ship comes alongside the pier

24

Marine Structure Measurement

The details of distribution of wave pressure and uplift pressure acting on a caisson type quay in high waves aremeasured to verify the stability of wave endurance and confirm the practicability of using a designed wave pressureformula.

Instrument storage box

To observation room

Optical fiber cable

Water pipe

In the harbour

Out of harbour

Foundation rubble

Fixed concrete

block

Wave meterWave direction-meter

Wave-pressuremeter

Uplift pressuremeter

Current meter

Inclino-meter

Caisson Type Quay Measurement


Description


Monitors wave pressure distribution of each memberMeasures uplift pressure acting on the bottom bed of the mainbody and the lower floor bed of retarding roomMonitors inclination of the main body.Monitors the speed of current in the water pipe.

Monitors time-dependent wave when receiving a pressure of wave.

Monitors time-dependent wind when receiving a pressure of wave.

TypeKDD-PA

KPA-PA

KB-AB, KB-ACOther makerOther makerOther makerOther makerOther maker

InstrumentsWave pressure meterPore pressuregaugeInclinometerCurrent meterWave meterWave direction meterAnemometerWind vane

Measurement ItemsWave pressure of membersUplift pressure of bottombedInclination of caissonCurrent speed in water pipe

Waves

Wind

CaissonStorage box

Observation roomFramework Wave pressure meter Pore water pressure gauge Inclinometer Current meter

Digital dynamicstrainmeter

Mediaconverter

Mediaconverter

Optical fiber cable

PC

Waves

Wave meter Wave direction meter

Wind

Anemometer Wind vane

Communication cable

25

Nuclear Power Plant Measurement14

The structural integrity test (SIT) of a reactor containment vessel is carried out using various sensors.

PCCV RCCV

(SPRING LINE)

Reinforcing barmeterThermocouple

Displacementtransducer

Thermocouple SurfaceInclino-meter

Pressuretransducer


Micro Creepmeter

Weldable straingauge

Thermocouple

SurfaceInclino-meter

Pressuretransducer Micro Creep meter

Thermocouple

Pressuretransducer


Micro Creepmeter

Concrete stressmeter

Thermocouple

Behavior of the main body Strain of liner section

Deformation of containment vessel

Deformation of access tunnel

Temperature of the main body

Deformation of base matPressure on the main body

KSAT-AAW, AWC-BKH-AS (Customized)CDP-S (Customized)CPS-A (Customized)KT-ATKB-ABS (Customized)KP-AS (Customized)

Measurement items TypeRe-inforcing bar-meterWeldable strain gaugeMicro Creep MeterDisplacement TransducerConcrete Stress MeterTemperature GaugeThermocoupleInclinometerPressure Transducer

Instruments



Measurement roomInstrumentsStrain trans-ducer for liner

Strain transducerfor steel section

Pressure transducer


Temperaturegauge

Embedded in concreteD/F reinforcingbar meter

D/F tempera-ture gauge

Strain trans-ducer for liner


Inclinometer Displacementtransducer

Temperature(atmosphere)

Embedded in concrete

Strain trans-ducer for liner


Thermocouple Concrete stressmeter

Temperature-integratedre-inforcingbar-meter

Thermo-couple


Pressuredetector

Thermocouple

Arrester ArresterColor monitor

CD-ROM

DAT drive

Printer

Monitoring display

Data Logger

Workstation

: Junction box

: Electrical penetration

: Switching box

26


SensorStrain gaugeWeldable strain gaugeLoad cell Inclinometer Pressure transducer Displacement trans- ducerWinding type displacement transducerThermocouple

Storage box

Switching box

Measurement room

Data Logger

PC Printer

Alarm unit

AC 90～250V Isolationtransformer

UPS

Large Roof and Dome Measurement15

During construction of a dome and gymnasium, data on load and stress is collected using various sensors to verify theload bearing capacity (jacking-up and -down capacity).

Winding type displacementtransducer

Strain Gauges

Pressure transducer



Inclinometer

TensileLoad cell

Measurement itemsStresses in truss members andsupports and tensile force of rodsLifting load

Shearing deformation

Jacking loadVertical and horizontal displacementVibration of domeTemperature outside/inside dome

Instruments TypeStrain gaugeWeldable strain gaugeLoad cell

Inclinometer

Pressure transducerDisplacementtransducerAccelerometerThermocouple,Temperature gauge

FLA, FCA, FRAAW, AWC-BTLP-NB

KB-AB, KB-AC

PWH-PACDPDPARF-ATKT-A

DescriptionBonded on supports and truss members to find stress from strain measurement.Bonded on supports and truss members to finds stress from strain measurement.Installed at a lifting point within a dome to measure a tensile load.Installed at a key point within a dome to find a shearingdeformation from measurement of inclination angle.Finds a jacking load by measuring a pressure using pressure transducer.Installed on truss, etc. to measure the amount of displacement. Installed on truss, etc. to measure the amount of displacement.Installed on truss, etc. to measure acceleration in dynamic application.

Measures temperature inside or outside the dome.


27

Quake Damping and Absorbing Measurement16

A quake-damping structure uses various types of damping materials. For example, laminated rubber having lowhorizontal rigidity, slide bearings and so on are designed as part of the quake-damping structure in order to dampseismic force. A quake-absorbing structure uses a powerful shock-absorbing device to absorb seismic energy. Staticand dynamic conditions of a structure are measured to check its quake-damping and quake-absorbing performance..


Measuring instrumentsQuake-absorbing device

Earth-quake

Earth-quake

Varioussensors

Measuring instruments

Displacement Acceleration transducer transducer

Strain gauge

Horizontal-motion exciter

Vibration table

Vertical-motion exciter

Vibration table

Vibrationacceleration

Accelerationtransducer ARF-A Installed on the foundation or beam of a structure to measure the vibration

acceleration caused by earthquakes.Vibration displacement

Strain/stress

Crackdisplacement

Damper load,displacement

Crack displacementtransducerLoad CellDisplacement transducer

CDPFLAKSA-A, KSAT-API

KG-A

TCLP-NBCDP

Measures the amount of vibration displacement caused by shaking of a structure.

Measures the strain and stress of each part of a structure.

Measures the degree of opening of a crack caused by earthquakes.

Measures the variation of dynamic displacement and load of damperscaused by earthquakes.





Accelerationtransducer

Strain gauge



Load cell

Switching box

Data Logger

Digital Dynamic strainmeterMulti-RecorderDynamic Strain Recorder

Management center

Transfer

PC

UPS


AC 90～250V

Displacement transducerStrain gagueReinforcing bar meterDisplacement transducer

28

MEASURING EQUIPMENT

STRAIN GAUGES

TRANSDUCERS

INSTRUMENTS

Leadwire-integrated strain gauges

Weldable strain gauges

TDS-630 TDS-530 DRA-162B TMR-200 DC-204R

DRA-30A IHW-50H TC-32K TC-31M Network module

TML Pam-E8500A

Measuring ConsultantsGuide

8-2, Minami-Ohi 6-Chome, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 140-8560, JAPANTEL: Tokyo 03-3763-5611 FAX: Tokyo 03-3763-5713 -mail address:

2013112WEB

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