Topic A1. Wetlands in the UNFCCC Processes Randy Kolka and Daniel Murdiyarso.

Topic A1. Wetlands in the UNFCCC Processes

Randy Kolka and Daniel Murdiyarso

Introduction UNFCCC Processes

• Started from RED, REDD, and REDD+

• Workshops

• Submissions

• Interventions Wetlands in the UNFCCC Summary

Outline

Topic A1. Slide 2 of 23


UNFCCC Bodies


UNFCCC Processes

Follow the Guide The Participants

Parties Observers (IGOs, NGOs) Media

The Sessions The Procedures Documents (INF, MISC, TP, L,

CRP, IDR, Add, Rev, Corr)

http://unfccc.int/resource/process/guideprocess-p.pdf


Submission to the UNFCCC

Can be from an individual or group of Parties

Consider the call by the COP’s President, SBSTA/SBI or Secretariat

Meet the deadline

Make a reference to the COP decisions or related matters

Quantified Emission Limitation or Reduction Objective (QELRO)


Intervention in the UNFCCC’s COP

Can be from a delegation or Party or group of Parties

Attend the discussion or negotiation of the itemized agenda

Prepare necessary interventions

Make a reference to the submitted position


In Montreal’s COP

The governments of Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica, supported by 8 other Parties, through their submission FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1, requested for this issue to be taken up on the agenda

The agenda item on “Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries and approaches to stimulate action”, known as RED was first introduced into the COP11 in Montreal (Dec 2005)

The COP established a contact group on this item which drafted conclusions on initiating a process to address the issue of reducing emissions from deforestation (RED)


Avoided deforestation was excluded

Deforestation results in immediate release of the carbon originally stored in the trees as CO2 emissions, particularly if the trees are burned and the slower release of emissions from the decay of organic matter.

According to the FAO (2005), deforestation, mainly conversion of forests to agricultural land, continues at an alarming rate of approximately 13 million hectares per year (for the period 1990–2005).

The IPCC WGIII (2007) estimated emissions from deforestation in the 1990s to be at 5.8 Gt CO2/yr.

The Bali Action Plan Four building blocks:

• Mitigation: incl. REDD• Adaptation: risks & disasters mgt• Technology transfer • Financial mechanisms

Two tracks - AWG• LCA (UNFCCC)• KP (Kyoto Protocol)


REDD Readiness phase WB-FCPF UN-REDD Bilateral arrangements


REDD and REDD+


SFM

REDD

Conservation ECSSource: Pedroni (2009)

The core idea of REDD+



Example: Potential REDD+ Projects


Copenhagen Accord The collective commitment by

developed countries is to provide new and additional resources – including forestry – ca. USD 30 billion for the period 2010 – 2012

In the context of meaningful mitigation actions, developed countries commit to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion a year by 2020

A significant portion of such funding should flow through the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund.


Cancun Agreement: Phased approach

REDD+ national strategy: follow UN-REDD and WB FCPF processes

National REL/RL: Sub-national REL/RL is accepted while taking care of domestic leakage

MRV to be established: to demonstrate additionality that includes environmental and social safeguards


Example: Phase Approach in Indonesia


RED, REDD and REDD+ Workshops First RED Workshop, Rome – Sep 2006 Second REDD Workshop, Cairns – March

2007 Methodological issues, Tokyo – June

2008 REDD+ MRV, Washington DC – Sep 2008 Biodiversity safeguards, Nairobi – Oct

2011 Financing options, Bangkok – Aug 2012 Results-based finance for the full

implementation of the activities , Bonn, August 2013


Wetlands in the UNFCCC

Invitation to the IPCC to organize an expert meeting on methodological work related to reporting when using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The expert meeting should explore the need and ways to clarify, improve and provide updated information, as appropriate, related to, inter alia: Information in Ch. 7 on wetlands, in particular the methodological guidance in those areas for which gaps are identified in Table 7.1 of Ch. 7 and gaps related to some uses of wetlands which are currently not fully covered, for example the drainage of wetlands, the rewetting of previously drained wetlands or wetland restoration;


Wetlands: part of the AWG-KP Proposed by Iceland in 2008 in AWG-KP 6 in

Accra To mitigate CC through restoration and

management Wetlands cover about 6% of the Earth’s area,

with peatlands covering about half of them. Degraded peatlands cover less than 1% of

the global land surface Emission from degraded peatlands is well

above 3 Gt CO2 annually (5.8 Gt CO2 from tropical deforestation)

The problem is large but concentrated and may therefore be easier addressed than many other emissions sources.


Wetlands: can be part of NAMA• Nationally appropriate mitigation actions

(NAMA) was started of from the Bali Action

Plan building blocks

• Followed up in Copenhagen Accord as Parties

seeking international support will be recorded

in a registry and subject to international

measurement, reporting and verification

processes

• Depends on country’s circumstances and in

accordance with common but differentiated

responsibilities and respective capabilities

• PoA under CDM may be the future NAMA

Summary Parties and observers ought to follow the

UNFCCC processes related to their concerns and interventions

The process of a single item, like wetlands, can take a very long time

Tropical wetlands are key ecosystems for climate change adaptation and mitigation

They are consistently and continuously discussed under the UNFCCC

They are also accepted by a wide range of global initiatives

Wetland restoration and management are potential for CC mitigation and adaptation


References


Climate Change Secretariat. 2002. Guide to the Climate Change Convention Process, Preliminary 2nd Edition. Bonn, Germany: UNFCCC.

[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2005. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Progress towards sustainable forest management. FAO Forestry Paper Vol. 147. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pedroni L, Dutschke M, Streck C, and Porrúa ME. 2009. Creating incentives for avoiding further deforestation: the nested approach. Climate Policy 9: 207–220.

[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2005. FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1.

[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2007. Bali Action Plan. Decision -/CP.13. United Nations Convention on Climate Change. Bonn, Germany: Climate Change Secretariat.

[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2007. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1.

[UNFCCC] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2009. Copenhagen Accord. Available at http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07.pdf.

UNFCCC. 2011. Decision 1/CP.16. The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group onLong-term Cooperative Action under the Convention. Bonn, Germany.

UNFCCC. 2012. FCCC/SBSTA/2010/L.12

The Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) is a collaborative effort by CIFOR, the USDA Forest Service, and the Oregon State University with support from USAID.

How to cite this fileMurdiyarso M and Kauffman B. 2015. Tropical wetlands for climate change adaptation and mitigation [PowerPoint presentation]. In: SWAMP toolbox: Theme A section A1 Retrieved from <www.cifor.org/swamp-toolbox>

Photo creditDaniel Murdiyarso/CIFOR, Faizal Parish/GEC, M. Edliadi/CIFOR, Nanang Sujana/CIFOR, Ricki Martin/Bobo, Ryan Woo/CIFOR, Sigit Deni Sasmito/CIFOR, The World Bank

Thank you

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