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Affective DevelopmentShould be able to:

1. Describe adult-infant interaction

2. Discuss infant attachment

3. Explain infant emotional development4. Describe toddlers play

5. Discuss toddlers peculiarities

6. Explain preschoolers emotional development7. Describe preschoolers social interaction

8. Describe the development of self-esteem amongpreschooler

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Introduction

Discuss within first two years of life of a childs life

Psychological Attachment within adult and infant

From 15-30 months child will be called toddler

Getting control of muscle

Learning to speak

Serious independence, strong like and dislike and

ability say NO to parents

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Affective development in infancy

- Infancytime of rapid growth

- Physical, socio-emotional, cognitive

development changesvery fast

- Need very high quality interaction, tenderness

and touch, stimulation,

- Emotion development at this level

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Adult-infant interaction

Brezelton and Als described 4 stages in adult-

infants interaction

Homeo-static control

Prolonging of attention and interaction

Testing limits

The emergence autonomy

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Homeostatic control

To achieve control their own states and

physiological systems.

Pay attentionbehaviour respond - stimuli

Control motor activity

Consciousness

Autonomic responses

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Prolonging of attention

To stay getting attention by social cues

Important adultparents etc

Use their own rapidly increasing capacities Smile, vocalising, facial behaviours, motor cues

signal

1-8 weekssocial smiling and vocalising

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Testing limits

Parents and caregivers are trying to test the

relationship -

Infants to respond to information

Ability to withdraw and recover in homeostatic

system

- Infant play a series of games include smiling,

vocalizing and touching

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Emergence of autonomy

4-5 months

Aware of every sight and sound and texture

present of parents and leaving

Cognitive, affective and motor capacities

compel the infant toward a whole new level of

adjustment

Adults are needed to provide new experiences

and to confirm the infants competece

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How to interact with infant?

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How do attachment affect ChildrensDevelopment?

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Attachment theory

John Bowlbylate 1950s

Several critical elements of an individualsemotional life

The tendency to form attachment bonds

The role of caregivers

The anxiety and anger which separation and lossprovoke

The nature of grieving for the loss of anattachment

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Early research on infant attachment

1960s Mary Ainsworth three majorcategories of attachment

Secure

Anxious/ avoidant Anxious / ambivalent

Different levels of attachment Type A (anxious-avoidant)

Type B (secure)more independent

Type C (anxious-resistant)insecurely

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Mary Main and Judith Solomon, 1986

Identified 4 pattern

What is secure attachment?

Securely attached children

Secure attachment occurs when children have

caregivers:

How does a securely attached infant behave?

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How do attachment develop?

How do attachment develop?

Undiscriminating responses (0-3 months)

Discriminating behaviour (3-6 months)

Formation of secure base (6-24 months)

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To what extent does attachment influence

later development/behaviours Secure att

Insecure att

Ambivalent att

Avoidant att

Disorganised att

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Emotional development in Infant

Expressed by facial reactions

Positive affecthigh energy, enthusiasm,

excitement, joy etc

Negative affectnegatively toned, anger, guilt,

sadness

Refer to page 60- table 2.1

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Why do infants cry?

Basic cry

Anger cry

Pain cry

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Affective development in toddlerhood

Toddler social relationship

Toddler play and interaction

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Toddler peculiarities

Temper tantrum

Begin earlier than two years of age

Frustration

Tired

Acceptancenew sibling, baby

-When it happen;-Dont try to talk your child out of it

-Dont ask what the matter is

-dont start on a sensible justification why

cannot do this and that

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Why do toddlers bite?

Cause and affect

Attention

Imitation Independence

Frustration

Stress

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Affective development in preschool

(discussion )

Emotion

Fear

Social relationships

Social relationship and popularity Popular children

Rejected children

Controversial

Neglected Consequences of peer rejection

Learning to share

Curbing aggressive behaviours

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Self- esteem

Factors

Initial infant-caregiver attachment type

Develop a sense of theirs

Physical appearance

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Why it is important to develop positive

self-esteem?

discuss