Toronto Cantonese Trunk repeaters VA3CTR …79 25 13W, 44 04 05N 79 21 08W, 43 39 15N 79 17 06W, 43...

Toronto Cantonese Trunk repeatersVA3CTR network propagation study

By VE3RGW Feb-2004

R.F.Model configuration

This test is to identify possible coverage from a list of selected sites and see if a solution can be derived so as to improve voice quality of Chinese ham repeater network within GTA..

The hope is to find a group of stations that can provide the largest combined footprint but minimum overlap. Target linking will be build via internet but possibility of building private 802.11B point to point link is also considered. An assumed factor of 50% city attenuation profile are employed on all test cases. This factor is subject to future calibration based on field test data.

The following slides show system configuration and predicted UHF coverage of selected VE3 sites and potential C/I clearance between controlled co-channel application. In order to help future field verification of this predicted result, all link test case will be worked upon mobile user. The later portion of this presentation will focus on their combined effect and cross influence. The selected sites are:

The study is performed with “Radio Mobile” software. Terrain model is derived based on NASA’s SRTM 3 arc sec data. The initiating parameter for the test model is derived based on last known system information and future planned configuration.

79.46063W / 43.81318N103 EDENBRIDGE DRIVEVA3KMJ

79.29120W / 43.78611NShepperd / Kennedy, ScarboroughVE3RTC

79.42542W / 43.79999N94 Crestwood Rd, Thornhill.VA3TIF

79.7306W / 43.56861N2726 Castelbreidge Drive, MissisaugaVA3XWR

79.35506W / 43.88103N115 Silver Rose Cres.MarkhamVA3CTR

PositionAddressSite

VA3CTR• 50’ 9913 between antenna and duplexer. This contributes a lost of 1.4db on UHF (additional

connector lost 0.1db per junction). • VA3CTR output power at 15W into duplexer and a Diamond X500 or equivalent collinear vertical

antenna at 11.5dbi gain. Average noise floor -114dbm implying a usable system sensitivity of 0.5uV(/12db SINAD) for general grade receiver. Duplexer lost estimated at 1.2db implying a total transmission line lost of 2.8db.

• Roof altitude at 12m. UHF antenna ground clearance as 13m. With site’s altitude at 201m above sea level but surrounding terrain averaged at 223m considered, HAAT fell into -10m range. This implies a horizon clearance of 14km to 60km (best case scenery).

VA3XWR• 25’ FSJ4 between antenna and first junction. 20’ 9913 between ground junction and duplexer. This

contributes a lost of 0.6+0.5=1.1db on UHF (additional connector lost 0.1db per junction). • VA3XWR output power at 15W into duplexer and a Diamond X50 or equivalent vertical antenna at

7.2dbi gain. Average noise floor -114dbm implying a usable system sensitivity of 0.5uV(/12db SINAD) for general grade receiver. Duplexer lost estimated at 1.2db implying a total transmission line lost of 2.5db.

• Roof altitude at 12m. UHF antenna ground clearance as 13m. With site’s altitude at 180m above sea level and surrounding terrain averaged at 170m. HAAT is a clean 21.4m and implies a clean horizon clearance of 19 to 56km (best case scenery).

VA3KMJ• 50’ 9913 between antenna and equipment. This contributes a lost of 1.4db on UHF (additional

connector lost 0.1db per junction). • VA3KMJ output power estimated at 15W directly into a Diamond X50 or equivalent vertical antenna at

7.2dbi gain. Average noise floor -114dbm implying a usable system sensitivity of 0.5uV(/12db SINAD) for general grade receiver. Simplex profile do not need to consider duplexer system lost.

• Roof altitude at 12m. UHF antenna ground clearance as 13m. With site’s altitude at 180m above sea level and surrounding terrain averaged at 170m. HAAT is a clean 21.4m and implies a clean horizon clearance of 19 to 56km (best case scenery).

VE3RTC (UHF at temporary location) • 10’ 9913 between antenna and duplexer. This contributes a lost of 0.3db on UHF (additional

connector lost 0.1db per junction). • VA3TIF output power at 35W into duplexer and an unknown collinear vertical antenna estimated at

10dbi gain. But with installation profile at the south facing balcony, the system acts like a 180 degree corner reflect antenna (azimuth 200TN). Average noise floor -114dbm implying a usable system sensitivity of 0.3uV(/12db SINAD) for general grade receiver. Duplexer lost estimated at 0.8db implying a total transmission line lost of 1.2db.

• Antenna height estimated as 20x4 = 80m. With site’s altitude at 196m above sea level and surrounding terrain averaged at 159m considered, HAAT came out as close to 92m. This implies a horizon clearance of 39.5km to 65km (best case scenery).

VA3TIF• 50’ 9913 between antenna and duplexer. This contributes a lost of 1.4db on UHF (additional

connector lost 0.1db per junction). • VA3TIF output power at 15W into duplexer and a Diamond X50 or equivalent collinear vertical

antenna at 7.2dbi gain. Average noise floor -114dbm implying a usable system sensitivity of 0.5uV(/12db SINAD) for general grade receiver. Duplexer lost estimated at 0.8db implying a total transmission line lost of 2.4db. If simplex profile employed, system lost will improve to 1.6db.

• Roof altitude at 12m. UHF antenna ground clearance as 13m. With site’s altitude at 196m above sea level and surrounding terrain averaged at 190m considered, HAAT came out as close to 19m. This implies a horizon clearance of 18km to 60km (best case scenery).

Test cases configuration

• Initial test model assumes known repeaters as their listed configuration in the previous slide.

• Search area (future built) repeaters default to 15W output, double section 5/8 wavelength vertical collinear and 12m antenna height (roof level) above site’s ground level. Receiver’s sensitivity estimated at 0.25uV/12db SINAD.

• A site running with a different UHF profile will be placed in between footprint of two co-channel macro site. This site is to provide an intermediate support to the network so that user can switch to an alternate frequency to get around area with poor C/I performance on the macro frequency (442.275MHz +5MHz offset). If test frequency 443.950MHz is not applicable, we can consider to use 447.275MHz simplex on a third CTCSS tone (besides 103.5Hz and 88.5Hz) Or we can use UHF link frequency for VE3RTC (if it is still available). This practice is to minimize possible interference to the macro repeaters’ reception while no interference will be caused by the macro system for users in these buffer zone. To minimize C/I impact, transmit footprint of these intermediate system should be designed to face away from any macro sites prime coverage also.

• Mobile users will be stated as a known road junction or known sites. Default configuration will be 15W output, quarter wavelength ground plane antenna on roof of vehicle. Receiver’s sensitivity estimated at 0.25uV/12db SINAD and free from off band cross modulation interference.

• Portable users in the test model are assumed to be 1W output rubber ducky antenna profile with receiver sensitivity at around 0.2uV/12db SINAD.

Test points’ relative position

Over S20

S20-S9

S9-S6

S6-S1

Random fade zone

VA3CTR estimated coverage

Serious fading can occur 5km from site due to terrain blockage (HAAT at -10m)

VA3CTR Key area performance(best case scenery at open area).

S7S9Ground levelVA3KMJ

NONO79 51 01W, 43 19 12NQEW / Hwy 403Burlington

S3S579 31 08W, 43 42 59NHwy 401 / Hwy 400GTA west

S9S9+1079 07 21W, 43 49 56NSteeles / Brimley (VA3ADM)Scarborough north

S5S879 15 05W, 43 44 23NEglington / Brimley (VE3LAU)Scarborough south

S4S679 24 36W, 43 45 07NHwy 401/ YongeNorth York

NOS279 25 00W, 43 37 52NLakeshore / JamersonDowntown west

S2S479.7009W / 43.44699NQEW / DovalOakville

S4S679/58316W / 43.67190NHwy 401 / Hwy 427Airpot area

S2S479 30 36W, 43 37 15NQEW / IslingtonEtobicoke

NONO79 38 13W, 43 38 59NHwy 401 / DixieMissisauga east

79 38 39W, 43 36 03NHwy 403 / Hwy 10Missisauga core

79 16 48W, 43 10 34N

79 20 22W, 43 46 04N

79 25 13W, 44 04 05N

79 21 08W, 43 39 15N

79 17 06W, 43 51 28N

Position

S3

S8

S3

S3

S9+10

NO

S5

S9+20

Down link

S1

S6

S1

S1

S9+10

NO

S3

S9+10

Up Link

VA3CTR

QEW / Hwy 406St.Catherine

Hwy 401 / DVPGTA core

Hwy 9 / Hwy 404New Market east

Lakeshore / DVPDowntown east

Hwy 7 / McCowan (VE3JKM)Markham

Ground levelVA3XWR

Ground levelVE3RTC

Ground levelVA3MKO

Ref. road junctionLocation

VA3MKO (VA3TIF) estimated coverage

Over S20

S20-S9

S9-S6

S6-S1

Random fade zone

VA3MKO Key area performance(best case scenery at open area).

S9+20S9+20Ground levelVA3KMJ



S9+10S9+1079 07 21W, 43 49 56NSteeles / Brimley (VA3ADM)Scarborough north


S9+10S9+1079 24 36W, 43 45 07NHwy 401/ YongeNorth York

S4S479 25 00W, 43 37 52NLakeshore / JamersonDowntown west




S6S679 38 13W, 43 38 59NHwy 401 / DixieMissisauga east


79 16 48W, 43 10 34N

79 20 22W, 43 46 04N

79 25 13W, 44 04 05N

79 21 08W, 43 39 15N

79 17 06W, 43 51 28N

Position

S3

S9+10

S4

S5

S9

S2

S4

S9

Down link

S2

S9+10

S4

S5

S8

S1

S4

S8

Up Link

Ground levelVA3CTR






Ground levelVA3XWR

Ground levelVE3RTC

VA3MKO


Over S20

S20-S9

S9-S6

S6-S1

Random fade zone

VA3KMJ estimated coverage (1/4 wavelength GP)

VA3KMJ Key area performance(best case scenery at open area).

VA3KMJ



S9S979 07 21W, 43 49 56NSteeles / Brimley (VA3ADM)Scarborough north


S9+10S9+1079 24 36W, 43 45 07NHwy 401/ YongeNorth York





NONO79 38 13W, 43 38 59NHwy 401 / DixieMissisauga east


79 16 48W, 43 10 34N

79 20 22W, 43 46 04N

79 25 13W, 44 04 05N

79 21 08W, 43 39 15N

79 17 06W, 43 51 28N

Position

S5

S5

S3

S3

S5

NO

S2

S9+20

S5

Down link

S5

S5

S3

S3

S5

NO

S2

S9+20

S5

Up Link

Ground levelVA3CTR






Ground levelVA3XWR

Ground levelVE3RTC

Ground levelVA3MKO


VE3RTC(VE3HIT) estimated coverage

VE3RTC Key area performance(best case scenery at open area).

S9+10S9+10Ground levelVA3KMJ

S7S979 51 01W, 43 19 12NQEW / Hwy 403Burlington

S9S9+1079 31 08W, 43 42 59NHwy 401 / Hwy 400GTA west

S9+20S9+3079 07 21W, 43 49 56NSteeles / Brimley (VA3ADM)Scarborough north

S9+30S9+3079 15 05W, 43 44 23NEglington / Brimley (VE3LAU)Scarborough south

S9S9+1079 24 36W, 43 45 07NHwy 401/ YongeNorth York


S9S9+1079.7009W / 43.44699NQEW / DovalOakville

S9S9+1079/58316W / 43.67190NHwy 401 / Hwy 427Airpot area

S9S9+1079 30 36W, 43 37 15NQEW / IslingtonEtobicoke

S9S9+1079 38 13W, 43 38 59NHwy 401 / DixieMissisauga east


79 16 48W, 43 10 34N

79 20 22W, 43 46 04N

79 25 13W, 44 04 05N

79 21 08W, 43 39 15N

79 17 06W, 43 51 28N

Position

S9

S9+30

S5

S9+10

S9+20

S9

S9+20

S9+20

Down link

S8

S9+20

S3

S9

S9+10

S8

S9+10

S9+10

Up Link

Ground levelVA3CTR






Ground levelVA3XWR

VE3RTC (VE3HIT)

Ground levelVA3MKO


Invalid at backside of blockage





VA3XWR estimated coverage

Over S20

S20-S9

S9-S6

S6-S1

Random fade zone

VA3XWR Key area performance(best case scenery at open area).

S5S5Ground levelVA3KMJ



S2S279 07 21W, 43 49 56NSteeles / Brimley (VA3ADM)Scarborough north

NONO79 15 05W, 43 44 23NEglington / Brimley (VE3LAU)Scarborough south

S4S479 24 36W, 43 45 07NHwy 401/ YongeNorth York





S7S879 38 13W, 43 38 59NHwy 401 / DixieMissisauga east


79 16 48W, 43 10 34N

79 20 22W, 43 46 04N

79 25 13W, 44 04 05N

79 21 08W, 43 39 15N

79 17 06W, 43 51 28N

Position

S8

S7

S2

S3

NO

S1

S3

NO

Down link

S7

S6

S2

S3

NO

S1

S2

NO

Up Link

Ground levelVA3CTR






VA3XWR

Ground levelVE3RTC

Ground levelVA3MKO


Deploying a GTA echolink repeaters network• Voice will suffer seriously when C/I between a host system and the co-channel interfering system

is lower then 10db (ideal case for commercial systems calls for over 17db C/I). Multiple interference test case are performed to identify the best option where a lowest C/I case can be achieved with the current available sites. We can lower our standard to 12db C/I. This enables a larger usable area for co-channel system although slight warbling will be felt at the borders of a system.

• The plan employs two sets of repeater frequencies shared among systems. Under most cases, UHF channel 442.275MHz will be used to support close range portables and mobiles within 25km range. When signal from UHF system has degraded to the extent on failing or suffering serious co-channel interference, user is expect to switch over to the alternate channel. The scheme below described how this alternate channel can be provided.

– Easiest default option is to use VE3FLF gateway via VE3RTC’s VHF system on 146.745MHz. Or we can consider using VE3RTC (UHF) if it can be modified to use echolink (this can be done if secure internet link is available at VE3HIT’s site. One option besides using standard high speed internet is to set up 802.11B low speed link between VE3FLF and VE3HIT).

– If we can obtain clearance to use a second UHF repeater channel, we can consider deploy sites between VA3CTR and VA3XWR to close up the gap in order to support unbroken UHF service within the combined footprint. VA3MKO or VA3KMJ are both good candidates to support this option.

– If second UHF repeater channel is not available but we insist to provide non-break UHF coverage. We can consider to run simplex link at VA3MKO or VA3KMJ. This is an option that a reasonable degree of degradation at macro’s sites uplink receive is expected. But the impact can be minimized if the prime control area of each site can be classified clearly while users will use minimal access power at all possible cost.

– Or we can use other simplex UHF frequency for these buffer area if such frequency is available.

• The best configuration identified as having VA3CTR and VA3XWR as two macro system. VA3CTR shall cover Markham, N.Scarborough, Stouville, Aurora. VA3XWR shall cover Oakville, Missisauga, South Brampton, Etobicoke, airport and part of the western down town area. VA3KMJ shall cover Vaugn, Thornhill, Richmond Hill, North York and North Etobicoke. In order to provide improve coverage to shadow zone at Eglington/Weston, we can use YAGI antenna at VA3KMJ to focus its coverage to SW (200TN azimuth) while retaining a high rejection towards VA3CTR.

• VE3RTC VHF channel will be a wide area macro system to cover eastern sectors all the way to Oshawa.

This plot shows C/I ratio between VA3CTR and VA3XWR (both on omni antenna). This test case assumes a user of VA3CTR being jammed by VA3XWR. Red zones are the area where voice readability will suffer. We can see most prime area like Markham, Scarborough with clear CI status.

VA3CTR,VA3XWR co-channel interference study 1

Slight warble but usable coverage

VA3CTR,VA3XWR co-channel interference study 2

This plot shows C/I ratio between VA3CTR and VA3XWR (both on omni antenna). This test case assumes a user of VA3XWR being jammed by VA3CTR. Red zones are the area where voice readability will suffer. We can see most prime area like Missisauga and S.Etobicoke with clear CI status.

Slight warble but usable coverage

VA3KMJ on 6 element Yagi 200TN azimuth

This plot shows how we can use VA3KMJ with a Yagi to provide coverage to the high C/I zone between VA3CTR and VA3XWR. This is a controlled footprint focus on using restricted coverage public test frequency inside a coordinated repeater channel zone for VA3CTR.

S6 coverage of the combined networkVA3CTR+VA3TIF+VA3XWR

VA3CTR prime coverage442.275 +5MHz 103.5Hz

VA3TIF prime coverage443.950 +5MHz 103.5Hz

VA3XWR prime coverage442.275 +5MHz 88.5Hz

Too much overlap in Markham and Scarborough – not easy to fallback if simplex 447.275MHz has to be used.Advantage of more channel capacity at core service area if different contact groups has to be served at the same time.

Marginal coverage at Etobicoke, network still suffer poor service between Keele-Hwy427.

S6 coverage of the combined networkVA3CTR+VA3KMJ+VA3XWR

VA3CTR prime coverage442.275 +5MHz 103.5Hz

VA3KMJ prime coverage443.950 +5MHz 103.5Hz

VA3XWR prime coverage442.275 +5MHz 88.5Hz

Solid coverage at Etobicoke, Network supports no-break coverage between Scarborough and Missisauga.

Less interlap between VA3CTR and VA3KMJ. Less issue if we must launch network with 447.275MHz simplex at buffer zone.

2.4GHz intra WiFi LAN• The idea of using WLAN here is to support a 10Mbps digital LAN where key users participating in

this project can be joined via VOIP applications.

• Model indicates part of the sites in this study can be joined with enhanced 802.11B devices (using 24db gain dish antenna and 60-100mW output). This option is critical if we are planning to enable echolink support on VE3RTC while the future commercial site or the temporary alternate site (VE3HIT) do not have high speed internet access.

• The first study is performed between the temporary site of VE3RTC (VE3HIT) with the nearest possible donor site VE3FLF. The two sites are in direct visible range less then 1km. Directional antenna is to be used so as to maximize rejection to potential interference or intrusion. The test case is built on using 20-24db gain dish antenna on both sides and power from the PCI network card directly (no amplifier required). The test case shows a chance to get 3-4 S point above the minimum level to grant full 10Mbps.

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Toronto Cantonese Trunk repeaters VA3CTR …79 25 13W, 44 04 05N 79 21 08W, 43 39 15N 79 17 06W, 43...

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