Appendix 1

TRADE NAMES

The descriptions of products and trade names given below are derived from technical literature received from suppliers in the UK. They may not cover all products supplied, nor is the firm listed necessarily the owner of the name. Overseas owners of names are given in parentheses. AEROLAM Composite honeycomb-sandwich board-Ciba­

Geigy Plastics & Additives Company. AEROSIL Thixotroping agent-Bush, Beach & Segner

Bayley Ltd. AEROWEB Honeycomb cores-Ciba-Geigy Plastics &

Additives Company. ALPOLIT Polyester resins-Hoechst AG/Resinous

Chemicals. AMPAL

ANCAMIDE

ANCAMINE ARALDITE

ARMAFLO ARMOSPHERES ATLAC

AVDELBOND

BALLOTINI BECKOPOX

Polyester moulding compounds-Ciba-Geigy Plastics & Additives Company. Polyamide curing agents-Anchor Chemical Co. Ltd. Amine curing agents-Anchor Chemical Co. Ltd. Epoxide resins-Ciba-Geigy Plastics & Additives Company. Centrifugally cast pipes-Johnston Pipes Ltd. Hollow silicate spheres-Vetrotex (UK) L!d. Polyester and vinyl ester resins-Honeywill-Atlas Ltd. Adhesives-Permabond Adhesives Ltd (formerly A vdel Adhesives Ltd).

Glass spheres-Plastichem Ltd. Epoxide resins and hardeners-Hoechst AG/Berger Chemicals.

434

BEETLE

BELCOBALSA BIDIMAT

BUTANOX

CARBOFORM CASAMID CASCOTE CELLOBOND CELMAR

C-FLEX

CONTOURKORE CRYSTIC CYCLONOX

DELTAMAT DERAKANE DOWNLAND

DURADENSE

EPIKOTE EPIKURE EPOPHEN EPOREX EPOXIDE 7 & 8 EQUEMAT EQUEROVE EUREDUR EUREPOX

FABMAT

FIBREDUX

TRADE NAMES 435

Polyester and other resins-British Industrial Plastics Ltd. Balsa wood-The Balsa Wood Co. Ltd. Non-woven glass reinforcement-Brandhurst Co. Ltd (NV Syncoglas SA). MEK peroxides-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd.

Carbon fibre prepregs-Fothergill & Harvey Ltd. Epoxy curing agents-Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. Synthetic resins-Borden (UK) Ltd. Polyester resins-BP Chemicals Ltd. Glass fabric backed polypropylene-British Celanese Ltd. Glass fibre/pultruded rod reinforcement F. G. Industries (UK) Ltd. Balsa wood-The Balsa Wood Co. Ltd. Polyester resins-Scott Bader Co. Ltd. Cyclohexanone peroxide-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd.

Glass mat reinforcement-Fibreglass Ltd. Vinyl ester resins-Dow Chemical Europe. Spray equipment-K & C Mouldings (England) Ltd. Pre-formed boat building pultrusions-Tyler Mouldings Ltd.

Epoxide resins-Shell Chemicals UK Ltd. Epoxy curing agents-Shell Chemicals UK Ltd. Epoxide resins-Borden (UK) Ltd. Epoxide resins-Synres (UK) Ltd. Glycidyl ethers-Proctor & Gamble Ltd. Chopped strand mat-Fibreglass Ltd. Glass rovings-Fibreglass Ltd. Epoxy curing agents-Schering Chemicals Ltd. Epoxide resins-Schering Chemicals Ltd.

Combined chopped strands/woven rovings- F. G. Industries (UK) Ltd. Prepregs-Ciba-Geigy Plastics & Additives Company.

436

FILLITE FlRET COREMAT FLEXON FLOMAT FREEMIX

GENAMID

GRAFIL GRILONIT

HETRON

HYDRA-CAT

HYFIL

INTERCEL INTEROX

KEVLAR

KRECASPHERE KUREHA

LAROMIN

LAURYDOL LEGUVAL LIND RIDE

LINROVMAT

LOPOX LUCIDOL LUCIPAL LUPERCO LUPEROX

FRP TECHNOLOGY

Silicate spheres-Fillite (Runcorn) Ltd. Synthetic reinforcement-Lantor UK Ltd. Adhesives-Permabond Adhesives Ltd. SMC-Freeman Chemicals Ltd. DMC-Freeman Chemicals Ltd.

Polyamide curing agents-Cray Valley Products Ltd. Carbon fibre-Courtaulds Ltd. Epoxide resins-Grilon (UK) Ltd.

Synthetic resins-Garrick Chemical & Equipment Co. Ltd (Ashland Chemicals). Epoxy spray equipment-Spracon Equipment Services Ltd. Carbon fibre- Hyfil Ltd.

Reinforcement-Intercel (Esplana) Ltd. Peroxide catalysts- Interox Chemicals Ltd.

Aramid fibres-Du Pont de Nemours International SA. Hollow carbon spheres-Albright & Wilson Ltd. Carbon fibres-Albright & Wilson Ltd (Taiyo Kaken Co. Ltd, Japan).

Amine curing agents-BASF United Kingdom Ltd. Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd. Polyester resins-Bayer UK Ltd. Anhydride curing agents-British Chemical Products & Colours Ltd. Chopped strands/unidirectional rovings-F. G. Industries (UK) Ltd. Epoxide resins-(CdF Chimie). Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd. Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd. Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd. Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd.

MELINEX MIRRORGLAZE MITEX MONOFORMING MULTE.MAT MULT~SPRAY MYLAR

NEONITE

NESTRAPOL

NORPOL

NORSADYNE

OXITOL

PARAPLEX

PERADOX PERMAGLASS PLASTAMID PLASTOKYD POLASTOR POLYMASTER PREMI-GLAS PREMI-JECT

Q-CELL QUACORR

REDUX

STYPOL SUPREAVE SUPRE.MAT

TRADE NAMES

Polyester film-ICI Ltd. Mould polishes-Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd. Foamed polyester resins-Cellmico Ltd. Moulding process-J. Coudenhove (UK). Chopped strand mat-Fibreglass Ltd. Rovings-Fibreglass Ltd. Polyester film-Du Pont (UK) Ltd.

437

Chopped prepregs-Ciba-Geigy Plastics & Additives Company. Polyester resins-Arcode Ltd (Chimimportexport, Romania). Polyester resins-Vetrotex (UK) Ltd (A/S Jotungruppen). Polyester resins-KWR Chemicals Ltd (CdF Chimie).

Ethers of ethylene glycol-Shell Chemicals UK Ltd.

Low shrink polyester resins-Rohm & Haas (UK) Ltd. Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd. DMC-Permali Gloucester Ltd. Polyamide resins-Croda Resins Ltd. Alkyd and epoxide ester resins-Croda Resins Ltd. Polyester resins-Astor Chemical Ltd. Polyester resins-Warwick Chemical Ltd. DMC-Premix Fibre-Glas Ltd. DMC-Premix Fibre-Glas Ltd.

Hollow silica spheres-Plastichem Ltd. Furane resins-Quaker Oats Ltd.

Adhesives-Ciba-Geigy Plastics & Additives Company.

Polyester resins-Freeman Chemicals Ltd. Rovings-Fibreglass Ltd. Chopped strand mat-Fibreglass Ltd.

438

SUPREPREG SUPR~SPRAY

SUPR~WIND

SYNMOULD SYNOCRYL

SYNOLAC

SYNOLIDE SYNOLITE

TAK THIOKOL THORNEL TORAYCA TRIGONOX TRIHYDE TYGLASS

UDIMAT

UKADIOL UKAPON UNIFILO URACURE URAGEL URALAM URANOX

VENUS VERSAMID

VESTOPAL VITROFIL

WOLFAMID

XYLOK

FRP TECHNOLOGY

Rovings-Fibreglass Ltd. Rovings-Fibreglass Ltd. Rovings-Fibreglass Ltd. Moulding powders-Moulding Powders Ltd. Acrylics and low profile additives-Cray Valley Products Ltd. Polyester and other resins-Cray Valley Products Ltd. Epoxy curing agents-Cray Valley Products Ltd. Polyester resins-Synres (UK) Ltd.

Release agents-Tak Chemicals Ltd. Epoxy curing agents-Thiokol Chemicals Ltd. Carbon fibre-Union Carbide Corporation. Carbon fibre-Hyfil Ltd. Peroxide catalysts-Akzo Chemie UK Ltd. Alumina trihydrate-Plastichem Ltd. Glass cloths-Fothergill & Harvey Ltd.

Glass reinforcement-Brandhurst Co. Ltd (NV Syncoglass SA). Polyester resins-Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Ltd. Polyester resins-Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Ltd. Continuous filament mat-Vetrotex (UK) Ltd. Epoxy curing agents-Synthetic Resins Ltd. Polyester gelcoats-Synthetic Resins Ltd. Polyester resins-Synthetic Resins Ltd. Epoxide resins-Synthetic Resins Ltd.

Spray equipment-CT (London) Ltd. Polyamide curing agents-Cray Valley Products Ltd. Polyester resins-Hiils (UK) Ltd. Glass reinforcements-Plastichem Ltd (Montedison Group).

Polyamide curing agents-Victor Wolf Ltd.

Phenol aralkyl resins-Albright & Wilson Ltd.

Appendix 2

GENERAL MATERIAL SUPPLIERS

The following companies supply polyester resins, catalysts and accele­rators, reinforcements, release agents and a whole range of other sundries used in the preparation of GRP mouldings.

BMS Plastics Ltd. Bondaglass-Voss Ltd. GRP Materials Supplies Ltd. K & C Mouldings (England) Ltd. Newgate Simms Ltd. Strand Glass Fibre Ltd. Trylon Ltd. Vetrotex (UK) Ltd.

439

Appendix 3

COMPANY NAMES AND ADDRESSES

Afco Products Inc., 44 Park Street, Somerville, Mass. 02143, USA. Akzo Chemie UK Ltd, 12--14 St. Ann's Crescent, Wandsworth, London

SW182LS. Albright & Wilson Ltd, PO Box 80, Old bury, Warley, West Midlands B69

4LN. Amoco Chemicals UK Ltd, St George Chamber, The Forum, Stevenage,

Hertfordshire SG 1 lBA. Amoco Chemicals Europe, 7 Rue Versonnex, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland. Anchor Chemical Co. Ltd, Clayton, Manchester MIl 4SR. Anmac Ltd, Daleside Road, Nottingham. Arcode Ltd, Plantation House, Mincing Lane, London EC3M 3DX. Ashland Chemical Co., Resins & Plastics Division, PO Box 2219,

Columbus, Ohio 43216, USA (UK Agent-Garrick Chemical & Equipment Co. Ltd.)

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19103, USA.

Astor Chemical Ltd, Tavistock Road, West Drayton, Middlesex UB7 7RA.

Badische Anilin- u. Soda-Fabrik AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen, Germany. The Balsa Wood Co. Ltd, Green Dragon House, 64 High Street, Croydon,

Surrey CRO 9XN. BASF United Kingdom Ltd, PO Box No.4, Earl Road, Cheadle Hulme,

Cheadle, Cheshire SK8 6QG. Farbenfabriken Bayer AG, 509 Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, Germany. Bayer UK Ltd, Bayer House, Richmond, Surrey TW9 lSJ. Berger Chemicals, Resinous Chemicals Division, Wellington Mills,

Dunston, Co. Durham NEll 9HQ. (Hoechst AG.)

440

COMPANY NAMES AND ADDRESSES 441

Berol Kemi (UK) Ltd, 55-57 Clarendon Road, Watford, Hertfordshire. Bewax Products Ltd, Birchill Road, Kirkby Industrial Estate, Liverpool

L337TF. Bifort Engineering Ltd, Preston New Road, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3

9TT. Bighead Bonding Fasteners Ltd, Unit 15, Elliott Road, West Howe

Industrial Estate, Bournemouth, Dorset BHll 8LZ. Binks-Bullows Ltd, Brownhills, Walsall, West Midlands WS8 7HW. BMS Plastics Ltd, Higgins Lane, Burscough, Lancashire. Bondaglass-Voss Ltd, 158 Ravenscroft Road, Beckenham, Kent. Bondina Industrial Ltd, Greetland, Halifax, West Yorkshire HX5 8Nl. Borden (UK) Ltd, North Baddesley, Southampton S05 9ZB. Boston Chemical Co. Ltd, Thorp Arch Trading Estate, Wetherby, West

Yorkshire LS23 7BZ. BP Chemicals Ltd, Wellington House, 60-68 Wimbledon Hill Road,

Wimbledon, London SW19 7PD. Head Office: Devonshire House, Piccadilly, London WIX 6A Y.

Brandhurst Co. Ltd, PO Box 70, Wellington Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire HP 12 3PS.

Brenntag (UK) Ltd, Regal House, Twickenham, Middlesex TWI 3QY. British Celanese Ltd, Chemical & Plastic Sales Dept, PO Box 5, Spondon,

Derby DE2 7BP. British Chemical Products & Colours Ltd, 22 Buckingham Street, London

WC2N 6EF. British Industrial Plastics Ltd, PO Box 6, Popes Lane, Oldbury, Warley,

West Midlands B69 4PD. BSI Sales Department (British Standards Institution), 101 Pentonville

Road, London Nl 9ND. BTR-Permali RP Ltd, Hydroglass Works, Bristol Road, Gloucester GLl

5TT. Bush, Beach & Segner Bayley Ltd, 175 Tottenham Court Road, London

WIP OB1.

Cargill Blagden Ltd, Piperell Way, Haverhill, Suffolk CB9 8PH. CdF Chimie, Department Resines et Thermodurcissables, Tour Gan,

Cedex 13, 92082 Paris-La Defense, France. (UK Agent-KWR Chemicals Ltd.)

Cellmico Ltd, McTay House, Port Causeway, Bromborough, Merseyside. C. G. T. (Glass Fibre) Ltd, 61A Top Moor Side, Holbeck, Leeds LSll

9LU.

442 FRP TECHNOLOGY

CIA Publications (Chemical Industries Association), 93 Albert Embankment, London SEl.

Ciba-Geigy Plastics & Additives Company, Duxford, Cambridge CB2 4QA.

J. Coudenhove GmbH, A-2103 Langenzersdorfnear Vienna, Probst-Peitl­Strasse 60, Austria.

J. Coudenhove (UK), 67 High Street, Titchmarsh, Kettering, Northamptonshire NNl4 3DF.

Courtaulds Ltd, Carbon Fibres Unit, PO Box 16, Coventry CV6 5AE. Cray Valley Products Ltd, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3PP. Croda Resins Ltd, Crabtree Manorway, Belvedere, Kent DAl7 6BA. Crystic Systems Ltd, Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire

NN97QJ. C T (London) Ltd, Walnut Tree House, Woodbridge Park, Guildford,

Surrey GUI IEL.

Degussa, Postfach 2644, D-6000 Frankfurt 1, Germany. Det Norske Veritas, PO Box 300, Hovik, Oslo, Norway. Deutsche Normenausschuss, Berlin 30, Germany. Deval Graphical Services Ltd, Newhouse Laboratories, Bovingdon,

Hertfordshire HP3 OEL. Devcon Ltd, Theale, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4AB. The DeVilbiss Co. Ltd, 45 Holborn Viaduct, London ECIN 2PH. Dow Chemical Co. Ltd, Heathrow House, Bath Road, Hounslow,

Middlesex TW5 9QY. Dow Chemical Europe, Leland I, Doan-strasse 3, 8810 Horgen,

Switzerland. Dow Corning Ltd, Reading Bridge House, Reading RG 1 8PW. Dunlop Ltd, Head Office, Dunlop House, 25 Ryder Street, St. James's

Street, London SWl7 6PX. Dunlop Ltd, Engineering Group, Foleshill, Coventry CV6 4AA. Du Pont de Nemours International SA, Textile Fibres Dept., 50-52 Route

des Acacias, CH-1211, Geneva 24, Switzerland. Du Pont (UK) Ltd, 18 Bream's Buildings, Fetter Lane, London EC4. Durapipe & Lambert Sales Ltd, Norton Canes, Cannock, Staffordshire

WSl13NS.

Eastman Chemical International AG, PO Box 66, Kodak House, Station Road, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HPI IHA.

COMPANY NAMES AND ADDRESSES 443

Embossed Film Developments Ltd, Madoc Works, Welshpool, Powys SY217BE.

Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd, Womboume, Wolverhampton WV5 SDA. F. G. Industries (UK) Ltd, Virginia Villas, High Street, Hartley Wintney,

Hampshire RG27 SNW. Fibreglass Ltd, Reinforcements Division, S1. Helens, Merseyside WAlO

3TR. Fillite (Runcom) Ltd, Arkwright 12, Astmoor Industrial Estate, Runcom,

Cheshire. Fontana Products Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Fothergill & Harvey Ltd, Composites Division, Summit, Littleborough,

Lancashire. Freeman Chemicals Ltd, PO Box S, Ellesmere Port, South Wirral L65

4AH.

Garrick Chemical & Equipment Co. Ltd, 13 Garrick Street, London WC2E 9AR.

Grilon (UK) Ltd, Drummond Road, Astonfields Industrial Estate, Stafford ST16 3EL.

GRP Materials Supplies Ltd, Bertie Road, Milton, Portsmouth, Hampshire.

Halmatic Ltd, Brookside Road, Havant, Hampshire. Harrison Mayer Ltd, Plastics Division, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent ST3 7PX. J. J. Harvey (Manchester) Ltd, Oldham Street, Denton, Manchester M34

3SL. Hoechst AG, Resinous Chemicals, Wellington Mills, Dunston, Gateshead

NEl19HQ. Farbwerke Hoechst AG, Verkauf Kunstharze, Reichold-Albert Cassella,

D-6 Frankfurt (M) 61, Postfach 610132, Germany. Honeywill-Atlas Ltd (now Atlas Chemical Industries (UK) Ltd), Cleeve

Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7SW. Hopkin & Williams, PO Box 1, Romford, Essex RMI lHA. Hiils (UK) Ltd, Cedars House, Famborough Common, Orpington, Kent

BR67TE. Hyfil Ltd, Avonmouth Road, Avonmouth, Bristol BSll 9DU.

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, Plastics Division, PO Box 6, Bessemer Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 lHD.

444 FRP TECHNOLOGY

Intercel (Esplana) Ltd, 49 Masons Hill, Bromley, Kent BR2 9HP. International Paint Ltd, Industrial Division, 380 Richmond Road,

Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey. International Paint Ltd, Yacht Division, 24-30 Canute Road,

Southampton S09 3AS. Interox Chemicals Ltd, PO Box 8, Kingsway, Luton, Bedfordshire. Izal Ltd, Thorncliffe, Chapletown, Sheffield S30 4YP.

Johnston Pipes Ltd, Doseley, Telford, Salop TF4 3BX. AjS Jotungruppen, PO Box 305, N-3201 Sandefjord, Norway.

K & C Mouldings (England) Ltd, Spa House, Shelfanger, Diss, Norfolk IP222DF.

Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc., Foot of E. 22nd St., Bayonne, N.J. 07002, USA.

Kerodex Ltd, Innoxa House, 436 Essex Road, London Nl. K & K Greeff Chemical Group Ltd, Suffolk House, George Street,

Croydon, Surrey CR9 3QL. Kureha Chemical Industry Co., 1-8 Nihonbashi Horidome-cho, Chuo-ku,

Tokyo, Japan. KWR Chemicals Ltd, Caroline House, 55-57 High Holborn, London

WCIV 6EF.

Lantor UK Ltd, St. Helens Road, Bolton BL3 3PR. Laporte Industries Ltd, PO Box 8, Kingsway, Luton, Bedfordshire LU4

8EW. Llewellyn Ryland Ltd, Haden Street, Birmingham B12 9DB. Lloyds Register of Shipping, 71 Fenchurch Street, London EC3M 4BS. Luperox GmbH, PO Box 480,887 Gunzburg, Germany. (UK Agents-

Vetrotex (UK) Ltd, and Newgate Simms Ltd.)

Marglass Ltd, Sherborne, Dorset. The Micanite & Insulators Co. Ltd, Westinghouse Road, Trafford Park,

Manchester M17 1PR. Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals, Dusseldorf, Germany. Montedison Group-Vitrofil, Via Andrea Appiani 12,20121 Milano, Italy. Moulding Powders Ltd, Lamberhead Industrial Estate, Pemberton,

Wigan. 3M United Kingdom Ltd, 380-384 Harrow Road, London W9 2HU.

COMPANY NAMES AND ADDRESSES 445

Newgate Simms Ltd, PO Box 32, Chester CH4 OEJ. Norsk Glassfiber AjS, 4760 Birkeland, Norway. (UK Agent-Brandhurst

Co. Ltd.)

A. S. O'Connor & Co. Ltd, 26 Sheen Park, Richmond, Surrey. Owens-Corning Fiberglas (UK) Ltd, Crossways, Silwood Road,

Sunninghill, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 OPY.

Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Ltd, Chemical Division, Station House, Harrow Road, Wembley, Middlesex HA9 6EL.

Permabond Adhesives Ltd, Woodside Road, Eastleigh, Hampshire S05 4EX.

Permali Gloucester Ltd, Bristol Road, Gloucester GL1 5SU. Plastichem Ltd, Curtis Road, Dorking, Surrey RH4 lXA. Premix Fibre-Glas Ltd, 28 Firth Road, Houstoun Estate, Livingston, West

lothian, Scotland. Procter & Gamble Ltd, Industrial Chemicals Sales Division, PO Box 9,

Hayes, Middlesex UB4 OJD. Prodef Engineers Ltd, 1163 Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31 2SL. Pultrex Ltd, 12 Conway, Stephenson Road, Clacton-on-Sea, Essex.

Quaker Oats Ltd, Chemicals Division, Spring House, Glossop Road, Sheffield SID 2GW.

Ransburg-Peabody ltd, Block C, Weybridge Trading Estate, Weybridge, Surrey K TI5 2R T.

Redland Pipes Ltd, Redland House, Reigate, Surrey. Reichhold-Albert Chemie AG-see Hoechst AG. Resinous Chemicals, Wellington Mills, Dunston, Gateshead NEll 9HQ. Rohm & Haas (UK) Ltd, Lennig House, 2 Mason's Avenue, Croydon,

Surrey CR9 3NB.

Sandeman Bros ltd, 50 Bilsland Drive, Maryhill, Glasgow. Scandinavian Glasfiber AB, Box 129-130, S-311 01 Falkenberg, Sweden. Scandinavian Glasfiber ltd, The Banking Court, High Street, Bracknell,

Berkshire RG 12 1DL. Schering Chemicals Ltd, Industrial Chemicals Division, The Brow,

Burgess Hill, West Sussex RH15 9NE. Scott Bader Co. Ltd, Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire

NN97RL.

446 FRP TECHNOLOGY

Shell Chemicals UK Ltd, Villiers House, 41-47 Strand, London WC2N 5LA.

The Shelter Island Co. Ltd, Church House, Thrumpton, Nottingham. Silenka BV, PO Box 50, Hoogezand, Netherlands. Silenka UK Ltd, The Parade, Frimley, Camberley, Surrey. Solarbo Ltd, Commerce Way, Lancing, Sussex BN15 8TE. Spracon Equipment Services Ltd, 22/25 County Road, Maidstone, Kent. Strand Glass Fibre Ltd, Brentway Trading Estate, Brentford, Middlesex

TW88ER. Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. Crook hall Works, Consett, Co. Durham DH8

7ND. N. V. Syncoglass S. A., Industriepark BI, 9140 Zele, Belgium. (UK

Agent~Brandhurst Co. Ltd.) Synres International BV, Slachthuisweg 30, 3151XN, Hoek van Holland.

Netherlands. Synres (UK) Ltd, Six Acre House, 17 Town Square, Sale, Cheshire M33

lXZ. Synthetic Resins Ltd, Edwards Lane, Speke, Liverpool L24 9HR.

Taiyo Kaken Co. Ltd, 17-19 Nihinbashi Koami-cho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. (UK Agent~Albright & Wilson Ltd.)

Tak Chemicals Ltd, Hayes Lane, Lye, Stourbridge, West Midlands DY9 8PJ.

TBA Industrial Products Ltd, Glass Fibre Division, PO Box 40, Rochdale, Lancashire 0 L12 7EQ.

Thiokol Chemicals Ltd, Station Tower, Station Square, Coventry CVI 2GH.

Thorn Lighting Ltd, Thorn House, Upper St. Martin's Lane, London WC2H9ED.

Treplade Ltd, 137 High Street, Epsom, Surrey. Trylon Ltd, Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire NN9 7QJ. Tyler Mouldings Ltd, 56/58 Morley Road, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 IRP.

Ugine Kuhlmann, Division Plastiques, Tour Manhattan, Place de I 'Irish, Cedex 21, 92087 Paris Defense 2, France.

Union Carbide Corporation, Carbon Products Division, 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA.

Union Carbide UK Ltd, Chemicals Division, PO Box 2LR, 8 Grafton Street, London WI.

COMPANY NAMES AND ADDRESSES 447

VPB Industrial Fabrics, 26 Brown Street, Manchester M2 IDN. Veba-Chemie AG, Department EP, 466 Gelsenkirchen-Buer, Germany.

(UK Agent-Brenntag (UK) Ltd.) Vetrotex International, 18 Route des Acacias, PO Box 154, CH-1211,

Geneva 24, Switzerland. Vetrotex (UK) Ltd, Unit A3, Beadle Trading Estate, Hithercroft Road,

Wallingford, Oxfordshire OXIO 9RA. Viking Industrial Plastics Pty, Australia.

Walkers (Century Oils) Ltd, Dept ofIndustrial Hygiene & Safety, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent.

Warwick Chemical Ltd, 54 Willow Lane, Mitcham, Surrey CR44NA. Victor Wolf Ltd, Victoria Works, Croft Street, Clayton, Manchester Mil

4RR.

Appendix 4

UNITS, PREFIXES AND CONVERSION FACTORS

SOME DERIVED UNITS BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

Frequency Force Stress Pressure Energy Impact strength

Power Thermal conductivity Thermal trans-

mittance Specific heat

Viscosity-dynamic

Prefix tera giga mega kilo

-kinematic

Symbol T G M k

hertz newton pascal bar joule joules per square metre watt watts per metre kelvin watts per square metre kelvin joules per kilogramme kelvin pascal second square millimetre per second

STANDARD PREFIXES

Factor 1012

109

106

103

448

Hz N Pa (= N/m2) bar (= 105 Pa) J

J/m2 W WjmK

Wjm2K

J/kgK Pa s (= 10 poise)

mm2 Is (= cSt)

UNITS, PREFIXES AND CONVERSION FACTORS 449

deca da 101 deci d 10- 1

centi c 10- 2

milli m 10- 3

micro f.1 10- 6

nano n 10- 9

pico p 10- 12

CONVERSION FACTORS-BRITISH TO METRIC AND S.I. UNITS

Length thou x 25.4 = micrometres (f.1m) = microns

inches x 25.4 = millimetres Area square inches x 645.16 = square millimetres Volume cubic inches x 16.3871 = cubic centimetres

gallons x 4.5459 = litres Mass ounces x 28.4 =grammes

pounds x 0.454 = kilogrammes ton x 1016 =kg

Pressure and stress I bf/in2 x 0.0703 = kg/cm2

Ibf/in2 x 0·00689 = N/mm2 = MN/m2 = MPa Pa=N/m2

tonf/m2 x 15.44 =MPa tonf/m2 x 154.4 = bar

Energy ft I bf x 1.356 =J Thermal conductivity BTU in/ft2h deg F x 0·145 =W/mK Viscosity poise x 0.1 = Pa s (Pascal seconds)

centipoise (cP) =mPas stoke x 100 =mm2/s centistoke (cSt) =mm2/s

INDEX

Where Tables are referred to the page numbers are given in italics.

Accelerators for polyester resins amines, for, 264, 266, 267, 271, 272 anhydrides, for, 274, 277, 279, 282 cobalt, 54, 62, 205, 209, 212, 213,

214,215,216,219,221-4, 238

manganese, 213, 222, 238 mixed metal/amine, 224, 239 tertiary amine, 223-4, 238-9 vanadium, 213, 215, 216, 219, 220,

222,238 Acetone extractable material, 422 Acetyl acetone peroxide, 54, 209,

213-4,230 Acid etching of concrete, 133 Acids

saturated organic, 143 unsaturated, 142

Acid value of polyesters, 421 Acrylic sheet, 151 Activation temperature, 206, 208 Active oxygen content, 207 Adhesive joints, 109-11 Adhesives, 81, 111, 282 Adipic acid, 144, 162 Air inhibition of polyesters, 116, 135,

151 Aliphatic amines, 266-8 Alumina, 374, 382, 419

trihydrate (AI(OHh), 158, 164,374, 382, 387, 397

Aluminium bulk properties, 309 moulds, 31 powder, 25, 26, 50, 384

451

Aluminium hydroxide, 158, 164,374, 382, 387, 397

Aluminium oxide, 374,382,419 Aluminium silicate, 374, 379 Aluminium stearate, 351, 389 Amido polyamines, 282 Amine

adducts, 264, 267, 269 bloom, 267, 268, 269 curing agents, 266-74

Amine T, 253, 267, 268,270 N-aminoethyl piperazine (AEP), 268,

269 Amino polyamides, 282 Anhydride

accelerators for, 274, 275, 276, 279, 280,282

curing agents, 274-82 eutectic blends, 275

Antimony trioxide, 158, 374, 382, 387 Aramid fibres, 69, 293, 308, 309,

327-9 Armospheres, 374, 385 Asbestos fibre, 309, 310,330,419

Ballotini, 164, 381, 397 Balsa wood, 58, 59, 80, 393-4 Barium sulphate, 374, 384,419 Barium titanate, 374, 384 Barrier creams, 420 Bauxite, 382 Bentonite, 374, 379 Benzoyl peroxide

commercial products, 226

452 INDEX

Benzoyl peroxide--contd. DMC, in, 351 properties of, 210 uses of, 62, 64, 122, 167,209,210,

214, 215, 223 vinyl ester resins, with, 300

Benzyl alcohol, 252, 253, 264, 267 Benzyldimethylamine, 264, 280, 282,

286 Beryllium, bulk properties, 309 BF3400, 284, 285, 286

diamino diphenyl sulphone, with, 272, 273, 290, 293

furane resins, with, 297 Binder

CSM, for, 318 emulsion, 64, 313, 318 polyester powder, 77, 318 styrene insoluble, 63, 64

2,2-Bis(t-butylperoxy)butane, 220, 235 1,I-Bis(t-butylperoxy)cycIohexane,

220,235 1,I-Bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-

trimethylcycIohexane, 221, 235

2,2-Bis( 4-hydroxycycIohexyl)propane, 142

2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 142 Bisphenol A

epoxies, 241, 242-5 hydrogenated, 142 polyesters, 142, 149, 151, 156

chemical resistance of, 153-5 vinyl ester resins, 299

Bisphenol F resins, 244-5, 246 Blisters, 92, 102, 107 BMC, 67, 349--51,360-4 Bondeq joints, 109-11 Boron fibre, 309, 331 Boron trifluoride complexes, 240, 247,

327 monoethylamine, 272, 273, 284,

285,286,290,293,297 British Rail process, 50, 58 Brominated epoxide resins, 247, 290 Brominated polyester resins, 142, 144,

157 Bronze powder, 384

Brushes, 402 Building panels, 13 Butane-l A-diol diglycidyl ether, 248,

249 Buttons, polyester, 164-5 n-Butyl acrylate, 146 t-Butyl catechol, 148, 225, 239 t-Butyl cumyl peroxide, 217, 232 n-Butyl glycidyl ether, 249, 251 t-Butyl hydroperoxide, 215, 231 N-n-butyIimidazole, 282, 284, 285,

287 n-Butyl methacrylate, 145, 146 t-Butyl peroctoate, 209, 215, 218-19,

233 t-Butyl peroxybenzoate, 217-8, 232,

300, 354 t-Butyl peroxydiethyl acetate, 218,

233 t-Butyl peroxyester, 218, 233 t-Butyl peroxy isononanoate, 218, 233 t-Butyl peroxypivalate, 219, 234 p-t-Butyl phenyl glycidyl ether, 249,

250, 251 t-Butyl styrene, 161

Calcium aluminium silicate, 374, 380 Calcium carbonate, 25, 26,64,351,

354, 374, 376--7 Calcium magnesium carbonate, 25,

351,354, 374, 377 Calcium oxide, 162, 354 Calcium silicate, 374, 378 Calcium sulphate, 374, 384 Carbon black, 385 Carbon fibre, 308, 323-7

aligned sheet, 326 cellulose precursor, 323, 324, 325 commercial products, 347-8 composites, 2, 5, 8, 292-3 continuous filament mat, 326 fibre properties, 309, 325 filament winding with, 69 polyacrylonitrile precursor, 323,

325 prepregs, 73,366-70 puitrusion with, 78

INDEX 453

Carbon fibre-contd. resin systems for, 293 SMC, 352

Carbon microspheres, 385 Casting, 164-7

equipment for, 403 Cast moulds

single-stage casting, 23, 24-6 two-stage casting, 26-8

Catalyst(s) commercial data, 226-37 dispensers, 402 peroxide, 204-21

Catalytic curing agents, 268, 283-7 IX-Cellulose, 306 Cellulose acetate, 16, 18, 392 Centrifugal moulding, 36, 73-6

buttons, 164-5 moulds for, 30

C-Flex planking, 82 Chalk,377 Chemical resistance, 9

furane resins, of, 296 polyester resins, of, 142, 153-5 vinyl ester resins, of, 153-5

China clay, 64, 351, 354,374, 379 Chlorendic anhydride, 144,276,277 Chlorinated paraffin, 149 Chlorine content, 422 Chloromaleic acid, 143 Chlorostyrene, 146 Chopped strand mat, 317-9

binders for, 318 centrifugal moulding, for, 74 commercial materials, 338-42 continuous sheet manufacture, for,

77 filament winding, for, 71 foam reservoir moulding, for, 59 GRP moulds, in, 19 hand lay-up, for, 33,41 hot press moulding, for, 63 puItrusion, for, 78 repairs, for, 117, 119, 120 resin injection, for, 53 rovings for, 314 site use, for, 126, 134, 135, 288, 289 SMC, for, 352

Chopped strands, 315, 316 Chrome plated moulds, 28, 55, 56, 62,

67 Chrome size, 318, 320 Citraconic acid, 143 Cleansing creams, 420 Cobalt accelerators, 222

commercial products, 238 cure, effect on, 147,205 polyester resins, with, 54, 62, 205,

209,213,214,215,216,219, 224

vinyl ester resins, with, 300 Cold press moulding, 35, 61-2

moulds for, 21-3 Colour change indicators, 150 Composite properties, 8, 293 Concrete repairs, 129-35 Contact moulding, 34, 38-48

hand lay-up, 34, 41-5 spray lay-up, 34, 45-8

Continuous strand mat, 319 use of, 53, 58

Copper powder, 384 Core materials, 393-6

plywood,58 sandwich construction, in, 80 types of foam, 80-1 use of, 43, 47, 53, 58

Cotton, 309, 330, 350 Coupling agents, 320, 396-8

organo-titanium; 397-8 silane, 397

Crack repair, 130 Crazing, 94 Cresyl glycidyl ether, 249, 250, 251 Critical temperature, 206, 208 Crystallisation

epoxide resins, of, 244, 248, 249 polyester resins, of, 141, 143

Crystic Systems process, 59 Cumene hydroperoxide, 209, 216, 231 Cure, test for, 40, 135 Curing agents for epoxide resins,

263-93 amine, 126,240,265-74 anhydride, 240, 274-82

accelerators for, 282

454 INDEX

Curing agents for epoxide resins -contd.

catalytic, 240, 283 polyamide, 240, 282 safety and handling, 415 stoichiometry, 266, 274 suppliers, 293-4

Cycloaliphatic epoxide resins, 247 Cyclohexanone peroxide, 62, 209,

213,222,229 Cyclohexylpropylenediamine, 268,

269,271

Delamination, 12, 90 Demoulding, II, 33, 44 Design, 7-14 Diacetyl peroxide, 211, 227 Diallylbenzene phosphonate, 147 Diallyl phthalate, 145, 146

catalyst for, 218 moulding compound, 68 prepregs, 163

Diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 241,246,268,270,271,273

Diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS), 268,270,272,273,290,291, 293

Diatomaceous earth, 378 Dibromocresyl glycidyl ether, 249,

253 Dibromoneopentyl glycol, 142 Dibromophenyl glycidyl ether, 249 Dibromostyrene, 147 Di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 225, 239 Di-t-butyl diperoxyphthalate, 219, 234 Di-t-butyl peroxide, 209, 216, 232 4,4-di-t-butyl peroxy-n-butyl valerate,

220,234 Dibutyl phthalate, 253 Dicaprylyl peroxide, 212, 227 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 211,

227 Dichlorostyrene, 145 Dicumyl peroxide, 216, 231 Dicyandiamide, 247, 283, 284, 285,

286,290,291

Diethylaminopropylamine (0 EAPA), 268,270

Diethylaniline, 223, 239 Diethylene glycol, 142 Diethylene glycol mono butyl glycidyl

ether, 249, 251 Diethylenetriamine (DTA), 267, 268,

270 Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, 241,

244 Dilauroyl peroxide, 211, 227 Diluents for epoxide resins, 248-54

non-reactive, 253 reactive, 248--53

Dimethylaminopropylamine, 268, 269 Dimethylaniline, 54, 62, 223, 224,

238,300 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)­

hexane, 217, 232 3,3' -Dimethyl-4,4' -diamino

dicyclohexylmethane, 268, 270, 271

2,5-Dimethylhexane-2,5-diperoxybenzoate, 219, 234

Dimethyl phthalate, 204, 208 Dimethyl-p-toluidine. 224, 239 Di-n-octanoyl peroxide, 212, 227 Diol III, 142 Dipropylene glycol, 142 Dipropylenetriamine (DPTA), 268 Divinylbenzene, 146 DMC, 29, 66, 67, 68, 349-51

commercial materials, 36~ properties of, 8

DMP 30, 282, 284, 285, 287 Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, 276,

278,281 Dolomite, 351, 354, 374, 377 Duradense building system, 82 Dyes, 387

Electrical laminates, 290-2 Emulsion binders, 64, 318 Encapsulation, 145, 165--7 Environmental resins, 160 Epichlorohydrin, 242 Epoxide 7, 249, 250, 251

INDEX 455

Epoxide 8, 249, 250, 251 Epoxide(s)

content, 241, 422 equivalent weight, 241, 249, 253,

422 resins, 240-62

bisphenol A, 242-5 bisphenol F, 244, 246 brominated, 242, 247, 253, 290,

291 carbon fibre composites, for, 292,

293 commercial, 255-62 curing agents for, 263-94 cycloaliphatic, 247 diluents for, 248-54 DMC, 66, 67, 68, 359 flame retardant, 242, 254, 290 gelcoat, 26, 289 gener;ll, 3, 123, 126, 134 glycidyl amine, 246, 292 glycidyl ester, 245 glycidyl ether, 242 hand lay-up, 44 laminate properties, 273, 278,

279, 285, 288, 305 moulding with, 55 moulds, 23-8, 58 novolac resins, 246, 273, 290,

291, 292, 327 pipes, 69, 73 polyester replacement, 265, 288,

289 prepregs, 51, 65, 66 primer, 125, 129 safety and handling, 414 specifications, 432 spray lay-up, 48

Epoxy Molar Mass, 241, 249, 253, 422 Ethylenediamine, 266, 267, 268, 270 Ethylene glycol, 141 Ethylene oxide, 142, 267 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, 249, 251 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 282, 284,

285,286 Eutectic anhydride blends, 275 Exotherm, 12, 25, 43, 54, 61, 205,

207, 263, 282

Fasteners, 43, 47, 113 Faults

centrifugal casting, with, 105 epoxide resin mOUldings, with,

105-8 filament winding, with, 104 polyester mouldings, with, 8fr99 press mouldings, with, 101 resin injection, with, 102 translucent sheets, with, 99 vacuum moulding, with, 103

Fibre classification, 315 finishes, 320 pattern, 91, 99 properties, 309

Filament winding, 13, 36, 69-73 epoxy pipes, 72 glass reinforcement for, 315 on-site, 137 prepregs, with, 73, 356 specifications, 433 spheres, 17 wet lay-up, 70, 292 winding angle, 72

Fillers, 26, 372-87 safety and handling, 419

Fillite, 374, 385 Fire retardant

epoxies, 242, 247, 253, 254 fillers, 386 furanes, 296 polyesters, 142, 144, 157 tests, 424

Firet coremat, 394 Fish eyes, 92 Flanges, 12, 20 Flash point,

amines, of, 269 monomers, of, 146 tests for, 429

Flexible polyester resins, 145, 162 Foam core, 53, 55, 58, 80 Foamed polyester resins, 167 Foam reservoir moulding, 35, 59-61 Foams

expanded polystyrene, 80 expanded PVC, 80

456

Foams-contd. phenolic, 81 polyurethane, 20, 81

open-celled, 59 Friedel-Craft polymers, 4, 301-4 Fumaric acid, 143 Furane resins, 3, 295-9

hand lay-up, 45 safety and handling, 416 spray lay-up, 48

equipment for, 410 Furfural, 295, 297 Furfuryl alcohol, 253, 295, 297

Gelcoat, 19,39,44, 150,289 flaking off, 89 spotting, 91 spray application, 39, 40

Gel time, 46, 427 Glass

fibre, 312-23 binders for, 53,63,64,77,313,

318 A-glass, 77, 309, 312 C-glass, 312 E-glass, 77, 309, 312 R-glass, 309, 312 S-glass, 309, 312 production, 312 size, 3\3, 318 tex, 313

flakes, 129, 374, 381 spheres, 164,374,381,397

Glycerol, 142 Glycidyl amine resins, 246, 292 Glycidyl ester resins, 245 Glycidyl ether diluents, 248 Glycidyl ether resins, 242 Glycidyl methacrylate, 249 Glycols, 141 Graphite

fibres, 309, 323, 325 powder, 374, 385

Grit blasting, 125, 132 Grouting, 130 GRP moulds, 18-23,38,59,61

advantages of, 2

INDEX

Half-life of peroxides, 208 Hand lay-up, 5, 19,33,34, 41-5, 126~

134, 135 Handling precautions, 411-420 Hardener proportions, 23, 266, 274,

283 Heat deflection temperature, 428

cured epoxide resins, of, 270, 278, 279,281, 282, 285, 288

cured polyester resins, of, 170-203 effect of accelerators on, 282 Martens, 429

Heat resistant resins, 304 HET acid polyesters, 144, 149, lSI

chemical resistance of, 153-5 HET anhydride, 144,275,276,277.

278,290 Hexahydrophthalic anhydride,

HHPA, 275, 276, 278, 279, 280

Hexamine, 301, 304, 306 Hoechst vacuum injection process,

56-8 Hollow structures, 13 Honeycombs, 55, 80, 396 Hot press moulding, 35, 62-7

moulds for, 29 Hydantoin resins, 246 Hydrogenated castor oil, 386 Hydroquinone, 148 2-H ydroxyethyldiethylenetriamine,

253,267,268,270 Hydroxyl content, test for, 423

Imidazole accelerators, 282 curing agents, 284, 285, 286, 287

Imidazolines, 282 Inhibitors for polyesters, 147,205,

224,239, 351 Injection moulding, 36, 68

moulds for, 30 Inserts, 12, 43,47, 113-4 Intercel, 395 Intemallubricants, 63, 66, 351, 354,

389 Intumescent polyesters, 158

INDEX 457

Iron oxides, 374, 382, 420 powder, 383

Iso-octyl glycidyl ether, 249, 251 Isophorone diamine, IPO. 264, 268.

270,271 Isophthalic polyesters. 144. 149, 151.

350 chemical resistance of. 153-5

Itaconic acid, 143

Joints, 13, 109-114 Jute fibres, 331

K 54, 282, 284, 285, 287 K6IB, 284. 285, 287 Kaolin (china clay), 351, 354, 374,

379,419 KEVLAR fibres, 327-9 Kieselguhr, 374, 378,419

Laitance, 132 Laminate

properties, 8, 285, 288, 293 strength retention. 273

Laminating equipment, 399-410 epoxide resins, with, 287-93 systems for site use, 287-9

Lead oxides, 374, 382 powder, 384

Leno weave, 321 Light

polyesters, cured by, 164 sources, 403 stabilisers, 390

Limestone, 377 Linings

concrete tanks, for, 129-36 steel tanks, for, 124-9

Low profile/low shrink resins, 66, 160-2, 351, 352

Low styrene emission resins, 159

Magnesite, 377 Magnesium aluminium silicate, 375 Magnesium carbonate. 375, 377 Magnesium oxide, 162, 354.375, 383,

420 Magnesium silicate (talc). 351, 354.

375.378 Maintenance of GRP. 115 Maleic acid. 143 Maleic anhydride. 141, 143.281 Mannitol, 142 Marble poWder. 26. 377 Marble. synthetic 167 Martens HOT, 429 Matched metal moulds. 29, 55. 62

moulding, 62-7 Mechanical joints. 113 Melamine formaldehyde resins, 305,

306 Metering equipment, 402, 409 Methyl acrylate, 146 Methylenedianiline, MOA, 271 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, 205,

209, 212, 222, 300 commercial products, 228

Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, MHPA, 276, 280

I-Methylimidazole, 282 Methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, 214,

230 Methyl methacrylate, 145,146, 151,

297 IX-Methylstyrene, 145, 146 Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride,

276,278 Mica, 375, 380, 419 Milled fibres, 315,317 Mitex foamed polyesters, 167 Mixers, 402, 403 Mock leno weave, 321 Monoforming, 59 Monomers, 144-7,146 Moulding processes, 33-84 Mould(s),15-32

aluminium, 31 box, 24,26 chrome plated, 28, 30, 31, 55, 56,

62,67

458 INDEX

Mould(s)-contd. cold press moulding, 22 epoxide resin, 23-8, 39, 58

single-stage casting, 24 two-stage casting, 26

GRP, 18-23 matching, 21 one-part, 19 split, 20

hot press moulding, 29 injection moulding, 30 life, 15 matched metal, 29, 55, 62 nickel shell, 32 pattern, 16, 24 plaster, 16, 32, 39, 71 release, 21, 44 split, 18, 20 steel, 28, 62 transfer moulding, 30 wax, 32, 71 wooden, 18,39

Nadic methyl anhydride, NMA, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279

optimum cured properties, 280 Needle mat, 318 NEMA laminates, 247, 290, 291 Neo-pentyl glycol polyesters, 142,

149, 151, 156 chemical resistance of, 153-5

Nickel shell moulds, 32 Nitrocellulose, 16, 24, 392 Novolac

epoxide resins, 246, 290, 291, 292, 293,327

phenolic resins, 306 Nylon fibres, 330

Oil tank, repairs, 124--9 riveted tanks, 128

Orthophthalic acid, 144 Orthophthalic anhydride, 141, 143,

275, 276, 278, 281 Orthophthalic polyesters, 145, 149, 151

chemical resistance of, 153-5

Outdoor weathering, 254

Paper, 331 Paraffin wax, 135, 301, 390 Patterns, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26 Pentaerythritol, 142 Peroxides

commercial data, 225-36 diacyl,210 dialkyl, 216 diaralkyl,2l6 half-life, 208 hazard classification, 236-7 hydroperoxides, 215 ketone, 212 organic, 209-21 perketals, 209, 220 peroxyesters, 217 safety and handling, 417-19

Phenol, 266, 271, 272 Phenolic microballoons, 28, 375, 385 Phenolic resins, 68, 305, 306 m-Phenylenediamine, MPD, 268, 270,

272 Phenyl glycidyl ether, 249, 250, 251 Phlegmatised peroxides, 204 Phthalic anhydride (ortho), 141, 143,

275, 276, 278, 281 Pigments, 387

safety and handling, 419 Pinch area of mould, 22, 61 Pinholes, check for, 127 Pinholing, 87, 106 Pipes

centrifugally cast, 73-6 epoxy, 292 filament wound, 69-73

Dunlop process, 72 joints, 114, 136 repairs to, 120 Usui process, 75

Plain weave cloth, 319-23 Plaster moulds, 16, 32, 39, 71

patterns, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26 Polyacrylonitrile fibres, 308, 310, 323,

324, 330 Polyamide curing agents, 282

Polyester fibres, 310, 329 Polyester resins. 139-203

acid value of, 421 bisphenol, 149, 151, 152

chemical resistance of, 153-5 casting, 164 chemical resistance of, 153-5

test for, 422 commercial resins, 168-203 curing reaction, 206 DMC, for, 163 fire retardant, 142, 157 flexible, 144, 162 foamed,167 gelcoat, 150 general purpose resins, 151

chemical resistance of, 153-5 HET acid, 144, 149, 151

chemical resistance of, 153-5 hydroxyl content of, 423 isophthalic, 144, 149, 151,350

chemical resistance of, 153-5 light cured, 164 low profile/low shrink, 160, 351,

352 low styrene emission, 159 methyl methacrylate containing,

150 neo-pentyl glycol based, 142, 149,

151, 156 chemical resistance of, 153-5

orthophthalic, 141, 143, 145, 149, 151

chemical resistance of, 153-5 pipes, 70, 73 prepregs, for, 163 primer, 133 properties of, 149, 170--203, 305 safety and handling, 416 SMC, for, 65, 162 speciality resins, 164 specifications for, 432 topcoat, 150, 389

Polyhydric alcohols, 142, 163 Polyimides, 305 Polyvinyl alcohol, 16, 17, 18,21,24,

39,44, 57, 74, 84, 391 Post cure, 19, 44

INDEX

Pot-life epoxide resins, of, 269, 277, 281 polyester resins, of, 205

Powder binder, 77, 318 coating, 280

Preforms, 62, 64 Prepregs, 65, 255-8, 349

commercial materials, 366-70 diallyl phthalate, 145, 163 furane, 297 hot press moulding of, 65 manufacture of, 356 pressure bag moulding of, 51 systems for, 272, 274, 276, 283,

459

286,290,291,293 unidirectional, 49, 51, 356 vacuum bag moulding of, 49, 50

Pressure bag moulding, 34, 51 Pressure injection, 55 Primers, 84, 125,133,135

polyester, 133 zinc rich, 125

Printed circuit boards, 247, 286, 290, 291,355

Process selection, 10 Propylene glycol, 141, 156 Propylene oxide, 142 PuItrusion, 37, 78-80

moulds for, 31 prepregs, 356 reinforcements for, 315 sections, 83

Pumice, 375, 380 PVA. See Polyvinyl alcohol PVC and PVDC fibres, 330 Pyromellitic dianhydride, 276, 278,

280

Q-cell, 375, 385

Radomes,55 Refractive index

cured resins, of, 77, 145 glass, of, 145, 312 monomers, of, 146

460 INDEX

Reinforcements, 308--48 specifications for, 431

Release agents, 24, 28, 39, 390-2 internal, 63, 66, 351, 354, 389 polyvinyl alcohol, 16, 17, 18, 21,

24,39,44,57,74,84,391 PTFE,74 sheet, 392 silicone, 24, 28, 63, 74, 84, 391 spray, 391 wax, 39, 84, 390

Remedial treatment, 412--4 eyes, 412 ingestion, 413 inhalation, 413 skin, 413 spillages, 413

Repairs to GRP, 116--20 Resin

injection, 35, 52~5 equipment for, 409

properties, cured epoxide, 270, 273, 278, 279, 285,

288 Friedel-Craft polymers, 302 furane, 298 polyester, /49, 170-203

Ribs, 12, 19,43,47,53,58,60 Rollers, 399--402 Roving cutters, 407 Rovings, 45,77,78, 313-15, 335~8

Safety precautions, 411~20 Salicylic acid, 264, 266, 267, 271, 272 Sandwich construction, 80 Satin weave cloth, 321 Sealing compounds, 17, 18,390,392 Sebacic acid, 144, 162 Sheet moulding

compounds, 50, 65-6, 349, 353-5 carbon fibre, 352 commercial, 364-5 low profile/low shrink, 12,66,355 manufacture, 352 properties cured, 8, 364-5 reinforcements for, 314 thick, 352

Sheet moulding-contd. continuous, 12, 37, 76--8

Shellac, 16, 18, 392 Shrinkage on cure, 3, 23

epoxide resins, of, 241 polyester resins, of, 169-203

Silane coupling agents, 318, 320, 396-7

Silica flour, 25, 26, 375, 378, 419 fumed, 386 sand, 25, 26, 28, 126, 378

Silicone release agents, 24, 28, 63, 74, 84,

391 resins, 304 rubber moulds, 165

Silver powder, 384 Sisal, 309, 330 Site application, 122~38, 265, 287 Skin formers, 389 Slate, 25, 26, 375, 379 Smoke emission of furanes, 297 Smoke tests, 425 Spillages of resins, 413 Split moulds, 18, 20, 30 Spray equipment

catalyst injection, 45, 404 catalyst spray, 45, 405 epoxide resins, for, 409 filler spray, 406 flock gun, 407 furane resins, for, 296, 410 gelcoat, 408 polyester resins, for, 45, 403-7 twin pot, 46, 406

Spray lay-up, 19, 33, 34, 45-8, 129, 134, 135

rovings for, 314 Stainless steel powder, 384 Steel moulds, 28~31, 62 Steel tank repairs, 124--9 Styrene, 141, 145, /46,159,204

TLV, 145,146,159,297 Surface preparation of

aluminium, 112 carbon fibre composites, 113 concrete, 131 copper and brass, 112

INDEX 461

Surface preparation of-contd. GRP, III moulds, 39 stainless steel, 112 steel, 112, 125 thermoplastics, 112 wood, 112

Surfacing tissue, 19,26,40,41,43, 45,47,60, 70, 126, 134, 135

commercial, 333-4 construction of, 310

Talc, 64, 351, 354,375,378,419 Tank

on-site construction of, 137 repair, 124--9

Tertiary amines as, accelerators

anhydrides, for, 274, 280, 282 peroxides, for, 209, 210, 211,

213, 214, 223 commercial, 239

Test methods, 421-33 Tetrabromobisphenol A, 247 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, 144 Tetraethylenepentamine, TEPA, 268 Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride,

THPA, 275, 276, 278 Tex,313 Thermoplastic additives, 161 Thick laminates, 42, 47 Thick moulding compound, 352 Thin layer chromatography, 243, 244 Thixotropic additives, 379, 386 Threshold limit value, TLV, 145,146,

159, 296, 297 Titanium

dioxide, 375, 383, 420 properties of, 309

Tooling, moulds, 15-32 Topcoat resins, 43, 48, 74, 127, 135,

15(}-1,389 Tracking resistance, 254, 431 Trade names, 434 Transfer moulding, 36, 67

moulds for, 30 Triallyl cyuranate, 146, 147

Triamylammonium phenate, 279, 282 Trichloroethyl phosphate, 157 Triethanolamine acetate, 386 Triethylenetetramine, TETA, 251,

268,270 Trimellitic anhydride, 276, 278, 280 Trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 264,

267, 268, 270 Trimming, 83-4

'green' stage, at, 19, 43 mould, in, 29, 66

Triphenyl phosphite, 271 Tris-(dimethylaminoethyl)phenol, 282,

284, 285, 287 Twill weave cloth, 321

Undercuts, 18, 20, 30 Unidirectional weave, 321, 326

prepregs, 65, 366-70 Urea-formaldehyde resins, 305, 306 UV stabilisers, 390

Vacuum bag moulding, 34, 49-51 impregnation, 35, 55-9 injection, 56

British Rail process, 58-9 Crystic Systems process, 59 Hoechst process, 56-8 Monoforming, 59

Vanadium accelerators, 213,215,216, 219, 220, 222, 238

Vermiculite, 28, 375, 380 Vinyl ester resins, 3, 73, 123, 129,

299-301 chemical resistance of, 153-5

Vinyl toluene, 146, 161 Viscosity

effect of diluents on, 250, 252 test methods, 428

Water resistance tests, 423 Wax

additives, 151, 160, 389 moulds, 32, 71

462

Wax-contd. paraffin, 389 pattern makers, 21, 28, 392 polish, 16, 18,21,24,39, 115 release agents, 39, 84, 390

Weaving, 315 Wet lay-up, 34, 38--48,49-51 Whiting, 377 Wollastonite, 378 Wooden

moulds, 18 patterns, 16, 18, 19, 24

structures, linings for, 135 Woven glass cloth, 41, 61, 74, 77,

134,319-23 commercial products, 343-6

Woven rovings, 33,41,47,53,58, 323

chopped strand mat, with, 318

INDEX

Woven rovings-contd. commercial products, 343-6

Wrinkle finish, 86-7

Xylok resins, 301--4 m-Xylylenediamine, MXDA, 268, 269

Yarn, 319, 320

Zinc borate, 158 Zinc oxide, 375, 382, 420 Zinc powder, 384 Zinc stearate, 351, 354, 389 Zirconium oxide, 375, 383, 420 Zirconium silicate (zircon), 375, 379.

420