Training Module I Integrated Coastal Management and Communication Chapter 3 INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE...

Training Module IIntegrated Coastal Management and Communication

Chapter 3INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

J. Kauliņš, R. Ernšteins, V. Antons, S. Kuršinska

INTRODUCTION

Integrated management is the most successful and up-to-date method for sustainable governance in the coastal zone. The integrated management method, unlike the traditional branch management method, deals not only with branch analysis but also includes branch interfaces (integrative problem areas) and concentrates directly on solving identified problems.This chapter reports on the basics of the integrated management method and is illustrated with cases from management practice.

COBWEB, Interreg IV A, the European Union 2011University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management J.Kauliņš. R.Ernšteins, V. Antons, S. Kuršinska

CONTENTS

1. KEY PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT (ICZM)

2. TOOLS AND SOURCES FOR ICZM

3. PRINCIPLES FOR ELABORATING INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN

4. ICZM CASE STYDY: EU INTERREG PROJECT DEDUCE

5. ICZM CASE STUDY: SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. KEY PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT (ICZM)


SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT DEFINITION

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a dynamic, multi-disciplinary and iterative process to promote sustainable management of coastal zones."Integrated" in ICZM refers to the integration of objectives and also to the integration of the many instruments needed to meet these objectives. It means integration of all relevant policy areas, sectors, and levels of administration. It means integration of the terrestrial and marine components of the target territory, in both time and space.

J.Kauliņš


KEY PRINCIPLES FOR SUCCESSFUL ICZM

1. A broad "holistic" perspective2. A long term perspective3. Adaptive management during a gradual

process4. Reflect local specificity5. Work with natural processes6. Participatory planning7. Support & involvement of all relevant

administrative bodies8. Use of a combination of instruments


4P INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE MODEL STAGES

PProblem analysis (P1)

PPolicy formulation (P2)

PPlanning of policy realization (P3)

PProgramming (P4)


4P INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE MODEL COMPONENTS

Collaboration of stakeholders:- internal - within stakeholder igroups: vertical and

horizontal,- external – with other stakeholders

Vertical and horizontal thematic collaboration: among branches and sectorsCollaboration tools, their complementarity and concordance.Assessment collaboration: process assessment with indicators; coordination of approaches.Collaboration governance communication: information, education, participation, good practice.


SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENT

Human basis– experts– politicians– society

Legal basis– general regulations– specifically for land

use– specifically for

environment– other specific

Information basis– comparisons– history and trends– spatial data

Information contents– statistics– spatial data


SUSTAINABILITY AS BALANCE OF PROCESSES

Preservation of environment +– landscape protection– biodiversity protection– environmentally-friendly economic activities

Preservation of environment –– economic uses of natural environment– growth of ecological load– use of non-renewable natural resources or

overrun in using renewable resources


SUSTAINABILITY AS BALANCE OF PROCESSES

Economic development ±– resident welfare– growth of gross product– Brownfield investments– diversity of economic forms

Integrative and integral values ±– good practice of governance and planning– “coastal awareness” of residents


2. TOOLS AND SOURCES FOR ICZM


KEY TOOLS FOR ICZM

Legislation– state legislation, local regulatory documents

Planning– development strategies and sector plans, spatial planning

Economics and finance– participation in state programmes, attraction of international

funds, rational budget planning, strengthening of taxation framework

Infrastructure– traffic routes, tourism and recreation facilities, nature and

landscape protection, facilitated areas

Communication– website development, local information systems


LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

Protection Zone LawDevelopment Planning System LawLaw On Specially Protected Natural AreasRegional Development LawSpatial Planning Law


OTHER COASTAL DEVELOPMENT-RELATED LEGISLATIVE ACTS

Rules for establishment and hygiene of bathing areasIndividual rules for protection and exploitation of nature park “Piejūra”Regulations on public participation in development planning processesLocal municipality planning rules


PLANNING DOCUMENTS FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

Recommendation of the EP and of the Council concerning the implementation of ICZM in EuropeKey provisions for spatial development of coastal zone, 2011-2017Sustainable development strategy for Latvia until 2030National environment policy plan, 2004 – 2008Environmental policy guidelines, 2009 – 2015


PLANNING DOCUMENTS FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

RegionalProtection plan for nature park “Piejūra”, 2004 – 2015Development programme for Riga planning region, 2005 – 2011Spatial plan for Riga planning region, 2005 – 2025Regional plan for waste management around Riga, 2007 – 2013Riga district spatial plan, 2008 – 2020Gauja river basin management plan, 2010 – 2015

LocalDevelopment programme for Saulkrasti municipality, 2007 – 2013Spatial plan for Saulkrasti municipality, 2003 – 2015 (now in amendment process)


PLANNING TOOLS FOR ICZM AT MUNICIPAL LEVEL

Local development strategyLocal development programmes (mid-term and short-term)General spatial planDetailed spatial planningSet of local regulationsThematic development plans for municipal servicesThematic development and spatial plan for coastal zoneInvolving of public in development and spatial planning processes


3. PRINCIPLES FOR ELABORATING INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN


KEY CHAPTERS OF IZCM LOCAL POLICY GUIDELINES

1. Introduction– EU approach: key principles of ICZM– Planning area description

2. Integrated management and sustainability blocks: situation analysis

3. Prior integrative problem areas and corresponding guidelines for policy programmes

4. Programmes of actions and list of proposals for demonstration projects

5. Demonstration proposals list6. Contents7. Sources and references8. Appendices


SITUATION ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT

Stakeholder groups Regulatory/planning frame analysis Sectorial analysis_________________________ Nature environment D Economics + Tourism E, ET Social environment S Governance & Communication P_________________________ Brief analysis results further


INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS: THE

ANALYSIS STRUCTURE

Problem formulation Policy values, intentions and goals Key policy principles Policy declaration Spheres of activities Preconditions, resources and tools Indicators Basis for the management cycle


4. ICZM CASE STUDY: EU INTERREG PROJECT DEDUCE


COASTAL SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE

Latvia was among 9 partner countries in the EU INTERREG III project DEDUCE, 2003-2007.Goal of the project: assessment of coastal sustainability for partner countries.Importance of project: EU-supported; basis for a unified indicator system and for preparation of EU directive providing for implementation and application of such system.45 indicators were elaborated and calculated in every country, illustrating the following branches of coastal governance (i.e., the system was oriented towards the following goals):

1. To control the population density of natural areas on the coast. 2. To protect and promote the diversity of natural and cultural heritage.3. To promote sustainable economy for the coast. 4. To ensure a good state of the bathing waters and the coast. 5. To reduce social exclusion in coastal communities. 6. Respectful use of natural resources. 7. To recognize the risks for the coast associated with climate change and to

ensure the protection of ecosystems.


PROJECT DEDUCE: GOALS

1. To characterize, calculate and compare the use and compatibility of the 28 indicators of sustainability proposed by the ICZM Expert Group in each of the territories represented by the partners.

2. To evaluate and compare the geographical information systems (GIS) for the analysis and viewing of the state of the environment of each of the coastal areas and the methodologies based on the use of the GIS through the website GIS-WEB).

3. To establish common models of reporting on the state of sustainability of the coast, in which the effects of human activities and their potentiality are evaluated and monitored.

4. The drawing up of a guide for the use of the indicators of sustainability for examining the development of the state of the coast and whether the decision making of the governments (European, national, regional and local) is based on integrated coastal management.

5. To study the possibilities of setting up bases for a European network specialising in information about the coast.


ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY FOR COASTAL ZONE IN LATVIA

The difference between littoral zone and inland is not significant in Latvia; only some indicators show a principal difference.The development is concentrated at some points only. Other littoral area can be characterized as sparsely populated, with a weak infrastructure and a low level of economic activities.Conservation is dominating over development, therefore we cannot affirm that the coastal zone in Latvia could be characterized by sustainable development.Coastal zone has a large unused potential for welfare improvement and economic development.


SPATIAL SPECIFICS OF COASTAL ZONE IN LATVIA

Two types of areas:– urban (Liepāja, Ventspils, Jūrmala)

– rural/town (for example, Salacgrīva, Saulkrasti, Mērsrags,

Jūrkalne).

The capital Riga is in a particular situation: the agglomeration has a sea border, but all the main activities are diverted inland; main impacts come through the River Daugava and the sea port, located on the Daugava some kilometers distant from the sea.


5. ICZM CASE STUDY: SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY


SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY IN LATVIA

Jēkabpils

RīgaJūrmala

Liepāja Jelgava

Ventspils

Daugavpils

Valmiera

Rēzekne

The Gulfof Riga

Saulkrastu novads

©J .K.Kartes™, 2010

Shoreline

Limited activities 5 km protection zone

Littoral zone 10 km border

Comparison 50 km zone border

Coastal municipalities

Saulkrastu novads

Other

Sea borders

EEZ

Mare clausum

Both together


ICZM AT SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY AS GOOD PRACTICE CASE

Identification of integrative problem areas as a significant stage in integrated planning processPossibility to measure sustainability of coastal development processes with a corresponding system of indicators – for the first time in national practice!Full planning cycle “4P” supportedNumerous possible demonstration projects as an idea storeICZM approach model project as a sample for other coastal zone municipalities


MAIN CONTENT BLOCKS FOR THE GUIDELINES

1. Introduction— EU approach: key principles for coastal sustainability

governance— Brief overview for Saulkrasti municipality territory

2. Situation analysis of integrated coastal governance3. Priority integrated problem areas and policy

guidelines for programmes of action4. Programmes of action and proposals for

demonstration projects5. Demonstration projects6. Summary7. Sources and references8. Appendices


DESCRIPTION OF SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY AREA Brief geographical description

— area 48 km2, town area 6,8 km2, shoreline 17 km, 45 km from Riga, four small rivers: Aģe, Ķīšupe, Pēterupe, Inčupe

Demography and habitat structure— 6105 residents (2009), four historical parts: Pabaži, Pēterupe, Neibāde,

Zvejniekciems, almost 13 000 summer visitors in season

Entrepreneurship and impact factors on area development

— Skulte port: cargo turnover 451 thsd. tons in 2008. Tourism facilities.

Main resources of nature and environment— 17 km sand beaches, specially protected nature park area “Piejūra”

Principal risks— coastal erosion, transport risks


CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL ZONE IN SAULKRASTI

Coastal zone is the main geospatial factor impacting on Saulkrasti municipality development, presenting the largest possibilities and simultaneously creating significant problems. Most of coastal problems have a legislative solution, but it does not solve the whole spectrum of problems.The key factor promoting entrepreneurship – the Skulte port. A relatively large impact of seasonality. Other entrepeneurship is not affected considerably by coastal presence, but has all the possibilities to use it to its advantage.The infrastructure of tourism is not closely integrated with the coastal zone. However, the close seashore and seasonality are the key factors impacting on their activities. Only some objectives of tourism are principally and closely connected with the seashore.


CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL ZONE IN SAULKRASTI

Clean-up and maintenance work is done in summer on the seashore, incl. environmentally friendly actions. Current problems: seasonal littering in coastal dunes and other forest areas, mechanical loads (trampling down, etc.).Water supply and sewage networking area reconstruction and enlargement. High level of information to residents about it. Networking is insufficient and in a bad technical condition.The significance of seashore and internal waters is neglected in the town's and municipality's symbolic representations. Opportunities afforded by the seashore, apart from some mass events in summer, are reflected in the cultural environment unsatisfactorily.


PRINCIPAL INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS IN SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY

1. Protective zone for coastal dunes: erosion, management, biodiversity; D

2. Implementation of strategic management principles in public services sector; D

3. Port complex; E4. Development planning; E5. Resources of nature, cultural history and

recreation as preconditions for tourism development; ET


PRINCIPAL INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS IN SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY

6. Role of entrepreneurship in promotion of tourism development; ET

7. Quality of life for residents; S8. Polycentricity, or existence of several centres

with equivalent dominance in the municipality area; S

9. Collaboration governance for coastal municipality; P

10. ICZM coastal communication; P


INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS: THE ANALYSIS STRUCTURE

Problem formulationPolicy values, intentions and goalsKey policy principlesPolicy declaration Spheres of activityPreconditions, resources and toolsIndicatorsBasis for the management cycle


INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR MEASURING COASTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN SAULKRASTI

D1. Green frame statusD2. Potential environmental loads from

public utilitiesD3. Air quality and climate change factorsD4. Surface water qualityD5. Land use developmentD6. Nature risksE1. Economically active peopleE2. Municipality budgetE3. Traffic routesE4. Skulte port developmentE5. Tourism characteristics ETS1. Health care characteristicsS2. Support for cultural environmentS3. Employment and entrepreneurshipS4. Social care and social securityS5. Education system characteristicsS6. Social life quality

TOTAL: 24 indicators, 55 measurements

P1. Activities for environment preservation

P2. Public information on environmental events

P3. Activities in non-governmental sector

I1. Number of residentsI2. Area development indexI3. Area attractiveness indexI4. Opinions of residentsIntegrative problem area indicators

Other62%

Integrative problem areas

38%COBWEB, Interreg IV A, the European Union 2011University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management J.Kauliņš. R.Ernšteins, V. Antons, S. Kuršinska

BASIS FOR THE MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Distribution of responsibilityCommunication and trainingMonitoring and auditSystem improvement

________________________Activities and activity programmes

________________________Demonstration projects


6. Bibliography


Bibliography

1. COM(2000) 547 Communication From The Commission To The Council And The European On Integrated Coastal Zone Management: A Strategy For Europe Parliament. Brussels, 27.09.2000

2. Evaluation Model for the Sustainable Development of European Coastal Zones DEDUCE Project Interreg IIIc – South. Summary.

3. Kauliņš J., Iespējas Latvijas piekrastes ilgtspējības novērtēšanai ar indikatoru metodi. Rakstu krāj. „Piekrastes ilgtspējīga attīstība: sadarbības pārvaldība”. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, R.,2008., 127.-137.lpp.

4. 05.02.1997. law “Protection zone act”5. 08.05.2008. law “Development planning system act”6. 02.03.1993. law “On Specially Protected Natural Areas“7. 21.03.2002. law “Regional development act“8. 2.05.2002. law “Spatial planning act“


Bibilgraphy

9. 06.04.2010. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.341 " Rules for establishing and higiene of places for swimming"

10. 14.03.2006. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.204 " Individual rules for protection and exploitation of nature park “Piejūra”“

11. 25.08.2009. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.970 " Order of social participation at development planning process“

12. 06.10.2009. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.1148 “Rules for the local spatial planning”

13. Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2002 concerning the implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe. OJ L 148, 6.6.2002, p. 24–27

14. Basic regulations for coastal zone spatial development 2011-2017. Project. 33 p.

15. Long-term national development strategy until 2030. 2010., 100 p.16. National environmental policy plan 2004–2008, accepted from the

Cabinet with 04.02.2004 instruction No.8117. Environmental policy guidelines 2009 – 2015, accepted from the

Cabinet with 01.07.2009 instruction No.517


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