Transmission Model of Communication

Melisa Nahimana

Definition A model invented by Shannon and

Weaver Model that was invented in 1949 It has been considered a

mathematical interpretation of how communication between different parties is ought to function

The purpose of the model is to communicate to one another

According to the book Communication Theories in action, communication can be defined as “ a systematic process in which individuals interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings.”

The transmission model of communication helps us assist how communication works

Elements of the Transmission ModelSender EncodingMessageChannelReceiverDecodingFeedbackNoise

Sender Source of the message Responsible for the encoding of a message Responsible for the success or failure of

the sending of a message Accountable for accurate information

delivery Chooses the transmission channel of the

message Initially leads the argumentative

environment Presents in front of an audience Sender presents one out of multiple truths By representing a certain truth, the sender

sets a standard for a new idea Sender has to follow the continuum of

argumentative certainty ( Marteney, 14)

Encoding•Verbal and nonverbal symbols•Idea and thought being reflected•Information is based on the production of the sender•Dependant on the sender•Transformation if idea into the universal reality , e.g. virtual reality •Perception process ( Marteney, 71) to come t light during the encoding process•Filters that may be used could be psychologically, physically, sensitively or formally ( Marteney 74-75)

Message The matter the source or

sender is communicating about Considered the object of

communication, controlled by the sender

Verbal or nonverbal To receive for the sender Manner for the sender to

convey a certain matter Messages can include claims,

and contentions- Claims and contentions may

incorporate evidence and reasoning ( Marteney )

Channel

Channel Means for the sender to communicate to the receiver Outlet to send a message back from the receiver to the sender

( also known as feedback) Usage as avenue to converse an argument in the area of critical

thinking Path for an individual to express oneself verbally or non-verbally To stimulate one of the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and

smell Channels contain the right time, place and occasion ( Marteney, 85) Consideration of word choice, ambiguity, definition and

intensity( Marteney, 85) Meanings reflected through channel, either denotative or

connotative The critical thinker must therefore use the channel eloquently, so

that his or her argument is going to be admitted as a reliable truth

Receiver•Audience•The end of the communication channel•Decoded message to be listened and observed by the recipient•To be beneficiary of critically analyst information from the dispatcher•Eligible to send back feedback•Meaning of the message to be understood by receiver•Receiver to be target•Motivation of the audience also to be related to be a sufficient receiver ( Marteney)

Decoding Converting code symbols back into

information –conducted by the receiver

Translation to a specific interpretation which has been encoded by the sender

Contexts may influence the way one decodes an idea

Perception process ( Marteney, 71) to come to light during the decoding process

Arguments supported by claims, contentions and evidence to be interpreted in a certain way

Feedback Information send back to the

source Part of a cause and effect chain Verbal and nonverbal manner of

respond Comes from the receiver of a

message Purpose is to modify the

sender’s idea or implication Feedback can include the same

elements of the message: claims and contentions

Claims and contentions supported by evidence and reasoning

Noise Anything that disrupts or

distorts the communication process

Verbal and nonverbally Noise does not necessarily have

to come from the audience or anyone in the room

Maybe viewed as negative disruption

Noise may also be a source of an indirect message-e.g. the matter of the orator may not be appropriate for the audience

Transmission Model in Critical Thinking Through the lenses of the Transmission Model, a truth can be

communicated to an audience The matter mathematically to be explained through the

transmission model, which should be followed by a qualified persuader

Reasoning needed to be understood for all parties included Foundations of Knowledge to be essential on Decision-making

situations- which is the reason why the speaker must know what he or she is conversing about

Argumentative Environment to be created by the speaker with the assistance of the Transmission Model

Inclusion of the audience by understanding its context, and accepting its feedback should be incorporated in the critical thinking process