SAP APO

PP/DS Production Planning and Detailed SchedulingNDICE

4Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS)

4Purpose

4Integration

6Features

7Constraints

8Supply Network Planning and PP/DS Scenario

8Purpose

9Prerequisites

9Process Flow

10Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders

10Use

10Prerequisites

11Features

12Activities

13PP/DS Process

13Purpose

13Prerequisites

13Process Flow

17Maintenance of Master Data

17Purpose

17Prerequisites

17Process Flow

19Creating Models

19Use

20Creating Planning Versions

21Maintaining Location Master Data

21Definition

21Use

22Prerequisites

22Procedure

24Single Activity or Multi-Activity Resource

24Definition

24Structure

26Maintaining the PPM Plan

26Procedure

28User Interface in the Production Process Model (PPM)

28Definition

28Use

31Maintaining Operations

31Procedure

32Maintaining Activities

32Use

34Maintaining Logical Components and Modes

34Procedure

37Maintaining the PPM

37Prerequisites

37Procedure

38Master Data for Production Planning

38Definition

38Use

39Setup Matrix

39Definition

39Use

39Structure

41Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (APO-PPS)

42Transportation Lane Maintenance

42Use

42Integration

42Prerequisites

42Features

43Procedures

44Transportation Lane Maintenance Screen

44Use

44Structure

46Creating Transportation Lanes

46Use

46Prerequisites

46Procedure

47Maintenance of PP/DS Settings

47Use

49Interactive Planning

49Purpose

49Prerequisites

49Process Flow

50Production Planning Run

50Use

50Prerequisites

51Features

52Activities

53Detailed Scheduling

53Use

53Prerequisites

53Features

Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) PurposeThe component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) enables you to plan and optimize multi-site production while simultaneously taking into account product and capacity availability. PP/DS is designed to plan critical products, for example, with long replenishment lead times or that are produced on bottleneck resources.

With PP/DS you can create executable production plans and

Reduce lead times

Increase on-time delivery performance

Increase throughput of products based on better resource coordination.

Reduce inventory costs because the work in process inventory is reduced as a result of better coordination of product release.

Integration

The data relevant for planning, such as master and transaction data, is provided by a connected OLTP System. Products are planned in the APO System and the planning results are then transferred to the OLTP System, where you perform execution functions. Requirements data from long and medium-term planning can also be transferred to PP/DS within APO from Demand Planning and Supply Network Planning.

The following diagram represents the integration between an OLTP system and the APO system and its components:

Integration within APO and with an OLTP System

The following table shows how PP/DS is integrated with the OLTP System and other APO components:

Integration with Other APO Components and an OLTP System

ToProcedureOther Information

Set up master dataTransfer the master data from the OLTP System and maintain the necessary data in the APO SystemThe OLTP System provides PP/DS with master and transaction data. You control which data is to be transferred to and from the OLTP System in the integration model of the core interface. For more information, see Integration of APO and R/3.

Set up the Supply Chain ModelUse the Supply Chain Engineer (SCE)In the SCE, you assign the locations, products, resources and production process models (PPM) to a model. You then add transportation lanes to link supply to demand locations and to allocate products to the transportation lanes.

Make the unconstrained forecast (from Demand Planning) available in PP/DSRelease the demand plan to Supply Network PlanningRequirements that fall within the production horizon and thus the planning responsibility of PP/DS, are transferred directly to PP/DS.

Transfer the planning results of Supply Network Planning to PP/DS for more detailed planningConvert the orders that lie in the production horizon into PP/DS orders.You can also to convert specific individual orders that are outside the production horizon.

Perform an ATP check using Global ATP and PP/DSCreate a sales order in the connected OLTP SystemIf the result of the ATP check is to produce, Global ATP calls up PP/DS to determine the availability date while taking product availability and capacity into account.

Display exceptional, unexpected or critical situations in the PP/DS planning processAccess the Alert MonitorYou can define which types of alerts you would like the system to generate and display.

Perform execution of ordersUse the connected OLTP SystemFor example, confirmation, goods receipt.

Features

Automatic PlanningYou can define that the System is to plan products automatically in PP/DS when you change orders or data relevant to planning in the APO System or the connected OLTP System. This enables up-to-date planning data in both systems.

With automatic planning, the system checks the availability of resources and components when orders are created. The result is feasible availability dates for the product and its components.

Automatic, multi-level transfer of changes to quantities and dates

Using pegging, the APO system creates a relationship between the receipt and requirements elements of a product within a location. The system generates a pegging structure that is organized according to the BOM structures of all relevant products. The dynamic pegging structure ensures that quantity or scheduling changes are transferred to orders at lower levels of the BOM structure.

Interactive PlanningYou can use interactive planning for important products that you wish to plan manually and to solve any planning problems that have arisen during automatic planning. Interactive planning is supported by the following tools:

Detailed scheduling planning boardIn the DS Planning Board the planning situation and resource schedule are displayed in Gantt charts. You use the detailed scheduling planning board to reschedule orders or operations manually.

Product planning tableYou use the product planning table to plan the production quantities for products and the schedule of the production lines.

OptimizationUsing the optimization tool, you can optimize the resource schedule according to certain criteria, such as setup times and setup costs, to improve the planning situation and solve particular detailed scheduling problems.

Heuristics and Background Planning

HeuristicsYou use heuristics to solve specific planning tasks for selected objects (depending on the focus of planning: products, operations, resources or line networks) using a particular planning procedure algorithm. You can apply heuristics both during interactive planning and during the production planning run.

Production Planning RunYou use the production planning run to execute heuristics, detailed scheduling functions or optimization for a large number of objects online or as a background job. During the production planning run, several heuristics or functions can be executed one after another.

Constraints

The component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling is a planning tool. Execution functions, such as shop floor control with confirmation, purchasing and so on, must be performed in an OLTP system.

Supply Network Planning and PP/DS ScenarioPurpose

Supply Network Planning is used for long to medium-term planning. One of the main advantages of Supply Network Planning is sourcing, that is, determining where which product will be procured and how. Functions, such as, deployment and transport load building are available to optimize sourcing. Supply Network Planning uses bucket capacity when planning products, which means the finest level at which you can plan is on a daily basis. It is therefore not able to take sequence constraints into account during planning. In order to be able to schedule orders precisely (in hours/minutes/seconds) and to take sequence constraints into account, orders must be planned using Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS).

PP/DS is used for short-term planning. You specify this short-term planning horizon by defining a production horizon. The production horizon is used to separate the planning responsibilities between Supply Network Planning (used outside the production horizon) and PP/DS (used inside the production horizon). More detailed resources and production process models enable a finer level of planning. By converting the orders from Supply Network Planning to PP/DS, you achieve the following.

The operations are brought into the correct sequence.

The exact time of production is determined.

Any missing components and operations are added (that is, components or operations that are not included in the production process model used by Supply Network Planning but are included in the more detailed PPM used by PP/DS).

As soon as at least one activity of an order in Supply Network Planning falls in the production horizon, it will no longer be planned by Supply Network Planning. You convert the orders that are in the production horizon into PP/DS orders. The converted orders are still visible for the supply network planner as aggregated demand but are treated as firmed production and cannot be changed by the supply network planner. During automatic planning, the system only creates receipt elements to cover requirements that lie within the production horizon. You can, however, manually create orders outside the production horizon. These orders are firmed in Supply Network Planning and can only be changed in PP/DS.

Interaction Between Supply Network Planning and PP/DS

Visibility of Planning for Both Supply Network Planner and PP/DS Planner

Supply Network Planning orders and PP/DS orders of the same planning version load the same resources. It is therefore important that the load of a resource is visible to both the supply network planner and the PP/DS planner. It is possible to define resources that allow a bucket approach and a detailed approach, which enables you to use the same resource for Supply Network Planning and PP/DS. If PP/DS creates orders outside the production horizon, the supply network planner can see the resource load as a bucket requirement. There are two forms of mixed resources: the single mixed resource and the multi-mixed resource. These correspond to the single-activity resource and the multi-activity resource respectively. Both forms of the mixed resource calculate the bucket capacity from the resource capacity.

As neither setup nor sequence constraints are taken into account in Supply Network Planning, the theoretically available bucket capacity can be reduced using a loss factor.

Both the PPM for Supply Network Planning and the PPM for PP/DS can use the single-mixed or multi-mixed resource. You can assign a PP/DS PPM to a PPM used in Supply Network Planning to ensure that the correct PPM is used in PP/DS when the orders are converted and re-created.

Prerequisites

See Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders.

Process Flow

1. Requirements that are outside the production horizon are transferred from Demand Planning to Supply Network Planning.

If the requirements lie in the defined production horizon, they are transferred directly to PP/DS when you release the demand plan to Supply Network Planning. For more information, see Transfer of DP Demands to PP/DS.

2. You plan the products in Supply Network Planning. You can use the following functions:

Planning run Capable-to-match Supply network optimization Deployment Transport load building Interactive planning3. Once the orders fall into the short-term planning period, defined by the production horizon, you convert them into PP/DS orders.

For more information, see Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders.

Conversion of SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders

Use

You use Supply Network Planning (SNP) for long-term to medium-term aggregated planning. SNP plans based on resources with a period-related available capacity, whereby the smallest possible period is one day. Therefore, you can only plan in SNP within the accuracy of a day and without taking sequence constraints into account. You use Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) to schedule order dates and resources within the accuracy of a second in the short-term horizon. PP/DS plans on the basis of detailed production process models (PPM) and resources with available capacity that is based on exact times.

The production horizon allows you to separate responsibility for planning. Planning in the production horizon is done in PP/DS, and planning outside of the production horizon is primary done in SNP. If you want to perform detailed planning for SNP receipts in short-term planning, you must plan these receipts in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS). Within a planning version, you can convert SNP orders that are within or outside of the production horizon to PP/DS orders.

You can convert orders as follows:

You can convert orders that are within or outside of the production horizon individually.

You can convert all SNP orders for which at least one activity begins within the production horizon.

Prerequisites

To convert orders, you must have made settings for the following master data:

ObjectSettings

Planning versionIn Model and Planning Version Management you have set the following indicators for the planning version:

PP/DS: Change planning active SNP: Change planning active

ResourcesYou have assigned the SNP resources and the PP/DS resources to the model of the planning version.

If you want to plan with the same resources in SNP and PP/DS, you use mixed resources for which you can define both an available capacity based on exact times, well as a period-related available capacity.

PPM You have defined a PPM for SNP and a PPM for PP/DS.

You have assigned the PP/DS PPM to the SNP PPM.

Production horizonYou have defined a production horizon for the location product as follows:

Global for all products in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling under Maintain Global Parameter and Defaults

Product-specific in the location product master on the SNP 2 tab

If you define a product-specific production horizon, the system uses the product-specific production horizon.

Features

Conversion for In-House Production

If you convert an SNP receipt for in-house production, the system:

Deletes the SNP receipt

Explodes the PP/DS PPM

Creates a new in-house production order for PP/DS

Control of Conversion

You can control conversion as follows:

You can specify that the system may not delete the newly created receipts in the PP planning that follows.

You can specify whether the system is to use the sources of supply determined in SNP or whether it is to determine new ones.

You can use the conversion mode to specify whether the system

Is to plan all components

Is only to plan those components that were not planned in SNP

Is not to plan components that are defined in the location product master as being planned automatically

You have the following control options for converting all orders in the production horizon:

You can use the category to specify the types of receipt elements the system is to convert (for example, receipts for in-house production).

You can define a larger horizon in which the system is to convert orders.

Visibility of Converted Orders

SNP orders converted to PP/DS orders are still visible in SNP as aggregated demands. If you use the same resources in SNP and in PP/DS (mixed resources), the resource schedule is visible in SNP and in PP/DS.

Conversion in the Background

You can also convert orders in the background.

Activities

FunctionMenu path

Converting SNP orders individuallyFrom the Interactive Production Planning menu area, access the product view for the product.

Call the order processing view for the receipt element to be converted.

Choose Edit Convert SNP order.

Converting all SNP orders in the production horizonFrom the Production Planning menu area, choose Environment Conversion of Supply Network Planning -> Production Planning.

PP/DS Process

Purpose

This process describes how you use the component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling.

Prerequisites

For the integration between the APO System and an OLTP system:

In the OLTP system, you must have set up an interface to the APO System via which the data is to be transferred:

If you have a R/3 System as an OLTP system, to do this you have to generate and activate an integration model in the R/3 System.

In APO, you must have maintained a business system group.

For more information, see Integration of APO and R/3. In this documentation, note the document Checklist for Setting Up the System Infrastructure.

If you want to perform integrated long, medium and short-term planning in APO, you have to use the components Demand Planning and/or Supply Network Planning in addition to PP/DS.

Process Flow

The process flow for planning with PP/DS is illustrated in the following diagram.

Planning Process for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling

1. You maintain the master data. 2. You maintain the settings for interactive planning with PP/DS. 3. You transfer requirements and orders from the OLTP System, from Demand Planning or from Supply Network Planning.

4. Planning is performed.

To cover the requirements of automatically planned products, the system performs planning automatically. There are two types of automatic planning in PP/DS:

Automatic planning immediately: You use this type of planning for multilevel planning of products with exact or fixed lot sizes. Planning is triggered as soon as a change relevant to planning occurs.

Automatic planning in the planning run: You use Automatic planning in the planning run to plan products using other lot-sizing procedures that are available as heuristics, such as period lot-sizing or purchase order optimization heuristics. When changes relevant to planning occur, a planning file entry is created. These products are then planned during the next net change production planning run using the heuristic defined for the product in the Product Master.

During planning, the system creates and schedules the required receipt (planned orders for in-house production, purchase requisitions or transport orders for external procurement).

To cover the requirements of very important, manually planned products, you plan interactively, that is, you manually create receipt elements.

5. You perform background planning:

To plan less important or less problematic products, or to solve specific planning problems using heuristics, you can perform a production planning run as a background job.

The production planning run can also be used to apply other types of heuristics whose planning focus is not on products, as in the case of the production planning heuristics, but rather on resources, orders and line networks. For example, you can reorganize the resource schedule according to certain criteria (for example, sequence) using detailed scheduling heuristics or optimization.

6. You display and check the planning situation, using, for example the Alert Monitor or the Plan Monitor. You check for any alert situations and deal with them using interactive planning.

7. You plan interactively To plan manually planned products

To solve planning or scheduling problems or to optimize the schedule.

To do this you use, for example:

Heuristics Product planning table Detailed scheduling planning board Optimization Push production8. The receipt elements that were created or changed are automatically transferred to the OLTP system.

If you do not plan all products of a BOM structure in APO, you must complete planning in the OLTP System.

9. You perform the execution in the OLTP-System, for example:

Confirmation

Posting goods receipt/issue

For more information, see:

OLTP-PP/DS Scenario Demand Planning and PP/DS Scenario Supply Network Planning and PP/DS Scenario Global ATP CheckMaintenance of Master Data

Purpose

This process flow describes the master data that is necessary for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling and in which sequence you have to maintain it. If you do not use APO as an ATP server, you can transfer most master data from a connected OLTP System and simply maintain part of the settings. For more information on which master data has to be maintained after transfer from the OLTP System, see OLTP - PP/DS Scenario and Integration Scenario: Master Data.

Prerequisites

If you do not use APO as an ATP server but as a planning system, you have to perform an initial transfer of master data to APO using an integration model in the core interface. You must transfer the master data of all products that are to be planned in APO.

Process Flow

1. You create a supply chain model in the model/planning version master data or in the Supply Chain Engineer.

2. You create a planning version based on the supply chain model and you set the PP/DS: Change planning active indicator for the planning version.

3. You maintain a location (type: plant) in which a product is to be produced. You assign the location to the model by choosing Assign model on the initial location master data screen or you assign it in the Supply Chain Engineer.

4. You maintain the following data in the Product Master records in this location for the product and its components that are produced in-house:

The lot size, scrap and rounding data in the Lot Size tab.

Whether the product is to be planned automatically or manually (with or without check) by setting the appropriate indicator in the PP/DS screen, in the section entitled Automatic planning for all changes.

Whether a product is to be produced in-house or procured externally in the GI/GR screen, in the Procurement field.

You assign the products to the model by choosing Assign model on the initial Product Master screen or you assign them in the Supply Chain Engineer.

5. You maintain single-activity resources or multi-activity on which the products are to be produced. You define the working times and capacity for these resources. If you also use Supply network Planning to plan products, you maintain mixed-single or mixed-multi resources. These types of resources can used both in Supply Network Planning and Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling as it has both a bucket capacity and detailed capacity.

You assign the resources to the model by choosing Model Assignment on the Process Resource screen or you assign them in the Supply Chain Engineer.

6. You maintain production process models for the product and the components that are produced in-house.

You assign the production process models to the model in the Supply Chain Engineer.

7. You maintain the transportation lanes between locations in the Supply Chain Engineer to model the transfer and delivery of products.

Creating Models

Use

1. In the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Master Data Planning Version Management Model and Version Management.

The Model/Planning Version Manager: Display Model Data screen appears.

2. Choose Create Model/Planning Version Model.

The Model/Planning Version Manager: Create Model screen appears.

3. Choose Create and Save.

You can also create a Supply Chain Model from the Supply Chain Engineer. In the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Master Data Supply Chain Engineer.

In the Supply Chain Engineer, you can maintain the model you created in Model/Planning Version Manager by assigning locations, products, resources, PPM, and transportation lanes. If the model is very extensive, you can maintain parts of it by defining a work area.

See also:

Creating Models in the Supply Chain Engineer.

Creating Planning Versions

1. In the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Master Data Planning Version Management Model and Version Management. The Model/Planning Version Manager: Display Model Data screen appears.

2. In the hierarchy in the left area of the screen, select the supply chain model for which the planning version should be created.

3. Choose Create Model/Planning Version Planning Version.

The Model/Planning Version Manager: Create Planning Version screen appears.

4. Enter the name of the planning version.

5. If you wish to use the planning version in PP/DS or Supply Network Planning, set the indicator accordingly.

6. Choose Create and SaveMaintaining Location Master Data

Definition

Here, you maintain the location master data.

Use

To maintain the location master data, choose a location and a location type in the Location Master Data: Initial Screen. Note that the location types are predefined. Once you have done so, you can maintain the relevant data on the following tabs in the subsequent screen:

General

Address

Calendar

TP/VS

Resources

SNP

Addit. (if free attributes have been defined in Customizing) VMI customer

Ca.

The VMI customer tab page only applies to location type 1010 Customer. The Carrier tab page only applies to location type 1020 Carrier.

Additional input fields are provided for the location type 1007 MRP Area and are exclusive to this location type.

For further information, refer to:

Maintaining General DataMaintaining AddressesMaintaining Calendar DataMaintaining TP/VS DataMaintaining Resource-Related DataMaintaining Data for Supply Network PlanningMaintaining Additional DataMaintaining VMI Customer DataMaintaining Carrier DataMaintaining Location-Dependent Product Master DataPrerequisites

Your system administrator must maintain unique identifiers for valid planners. Only these planners can be assigned to a location product in Master Data Administration. You can assign the planner as follows: in APO Customizing, choose Supply Chain Planning Specify the Person (Planner) Responsible.

Procedure

1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose SAP APO: Master Data Product. The Product Master initial screen appears.

2. Enter a product name.

3. Select Location.

4. Use F4 help to select a location.

5. To apply the specifications in the pre-defined profiles, enter the profile name for each of the following:

Lot size profile

Demand profile

SNP demand profile

SNP Supply profile

Deployment profile

The relevant fields in the product master are populated with the data specified in the profiles you selected. If you modify this data, the product master cannot be maintained globally via the profiles. Create and maintain master data profiles in Customizing. In Customizing, choose Advanced Planner and Optimizer Supply Chain Planning Supply Network Planning Profiles.

6. Choose Create. The Create Product for Location screen appears.

On this screen you can see both the tabs for global product master data, see Maintaining Global Product Master Data, and the tabs for the location master data that are documented below.

7. Enter the unit of measurement for the product. The system converts all the quantities you enter in alternative units of measure to the base unit of measure.

8. Select each of the tabs on this screen. Enter the relevant data. You can choose from the following tabs:

Administr. Demand Lot Size SNP2 PP/DS Procurement GR/GI Extra SNP1 both global and location-specific product master data

ATP - both global and location-specific product master data

These tab pages are based on location-specific product master data. The SNP1 and ATP tab pages contain both global and location-specific data. Unlike the global product view, the location product view also shows the tab pages containing the global product master data.

9. Save your entries.

For further information about the maintenance of data for the various applications, see also:

Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS):

Maintaining Master DataIntegration documentation: OLTP PP/DSSingle Activity or Multi-Activity Resource

Definition

Resources that can be precisely scheduled, which are used for planning exact production schedules in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) and Capable-to-Match (CTM). The capacity of this resource is available throughout this working time. Only one activity can be carried out at a time in a single-activity resource. Several activities can be carried out at once in a multi-activity resource.

Structure

Working Time Data

The following working time data must be maintained for single-activity and multi-activity resources. This data is used by the system for scheduling activities:

Detailed working and break times

Rate of resource utilization

The rate of resource utilization is used to estimate the average periods when the resource is unavailable (due to technical and organizational failures) during working times. The rate of resource utilization is defined as the percentage relationship between the productive time and the working time that remains once the breaks have been subtracted.

The productive time of the resource is relevant for scheduling activities. It is calculated using the following working time data:

Productive time = (work end work start break duration) x rate of resource utilization / 100%

Productive time is the time that is actually available for carrying out an activity during working time. You should define the activity duration in the production process model (PPM) for cases in which the resource is available without interruption and with 100% rate of resource utilization. During scheduling, the system determines the actual duration of the activity. This is dependent on the productive time for the resource.

Capacity of Single-Activity Resources

A single-activity resource upon which only one activity can be executed at a time has a dimension-free capacity of one. For single-activity resources the capacity value is fixed in the system. A single-activity resource can only have two different situations: Either it is loaded with an activity or it is not loaded at all. As a result, only the working time data, in other words the "time capacity" is relevant for scheduling activities on such a resource.

Capacity of Multi-Activity Resources

Multi-Activity resources are used to map resources on which several activities can be carried out at a time. The maximum number of activities that can be scheduled at the same time depends on the organizational or technical conditions for the resource. In order to model the multiple loading on the resource, define a multi-activity resource in addition to the working time data ("time capacity"), a capacity that reflects the technical and organizational requirements on the resource:

If the multi-activity resource is, for example, a turnery with five lathes, you can schedule up to five parallel turning activities on the resource. The turnery has a dimension-free capacity of five.

Another example of a multi-activity resource is a saw that can cut a slab/block up to three meters long into pieces. This block can also be formed from a combination of several individual blocks of different lengths. These individual blocks can also come from different orders. You can schedule as many activities on this resource at the same time as long as the total length of the individual blocks does not exceed three meters. The saw has the capacity three meters.

Each activity that is executed on the multi-activity resource "consumes" a certain proportion of this capacity. You can only schedule as many activities at the same time as the available capacity allows for.

You define the resource consumption of an activity in the PPM. The resource consumption is the proportion of the multi-activity resource capacity that the activity consumes.

Capacity Variants

Within a resource you can define various capacity variants with different working time data and capacities and select the variant of the resource to be used for planning. See Capacity Variants for more information.

Planning Parameters

You can define planning parameters in a resource in addition to those for working time data and capacity. These will be taken into account when operations and orders are scheduled for the resource. See Resource-Specific Planning Parameters for further information.

Maintaining the PPM Plan

Procedure

1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose SAP APO: Master Data Production Process Model. The Choose Task List screen appears.

2. Enter a plan number to create a new plan, or select an existing plan using F4 help. There are two ways of doing this:

All plans: using the F4 help, you can choose a plan from the list of existing plans Choose a plan through PPM: you can search for a plan number by entering a product or a location. All the plan numbers assigned to this product appear in a list, from which you can select a number for the PPM you want to change or display.

In this way, you can restrict the number of PPM plans and determine whether plans exist in this area.

You can use the Usage field to determine the planning type for a PPM, for example, supply network planning, production planning, trim optimizing, demand planning, and so on.

You can also create a PPM that is independent of a product or a location.

3. In the Display and Options field groups, you can define further settings for the work area and logical view (graphical view) as well as for multiple displays of objects and for displaying hierarchies.

Work area: represents the quantity of products and resources that are to be displayed on the Products and Resources tabs in the tree structure as a pool for maintaining the PPM plan.

You define and maintain work areas in the screens for maintaining plans. You can create you own user-specific work area by defining a work area without a name. The system uses this user-specific work area if you do not specify a work area in the initial plan maintenance screen.

Logical view: this is the graphical view in the PPM maintenance. Using the F4 help in the initial screen, you can choose the defined views so that you can work with a certain graphical icon arrangement in the logical view. In the Change/Create/Display Plan Initial Screen, you can define various graphical views by clicking the Edit work area and logical view pushbutton or by choosing Edit Logical view. You do not need to make an entry in the Logical view field in the initial screen. In this case, the standard layout (fixed value) is used.

Automatic alignment: when you click the Setting pushbutton in the initial screen, the Specify automatic assignment dialog box is displayed, where you can configure certain graphical layout settings for the logical view. You activate these settings by flagging the Automatic alignment checkbox in the initial screen. As a result, the objects in the graphical view are arranged accordingly when you call up the screen for maintaining the PPM plan. Resetting the alignment: by choosing the Setting pushbutton, you can display the Specify automatic assignment dialog box, where you can reset all of the individual settings by clicking the Standard settings pushbutton.

Multiple display: parts of a PPM plan (for example, a resource) that are used more than once can be represented in one of two ways in the graphical view: if the Multiple display checkbox is flagged, the resource is shown in the graphical view at all of the points to which it is assigned; if the checkbox is not flagged, the resource is only shown once in the graphical view, and then represented by assigned relationships.

Setting the Multiple display indicator may provide you with a clearer overview, especially if an object is used very often.

Display hierarchy: products and resources can be components in hierarchies. You can show this in the tree structure by flagging this checkbox.

3. Choose Change or Create. The Plan 'xxx' Change or Display Single Record screen is then displayed. The name of the plan as well as its usage and administrative information (such as Created by and Changed by) are displayed automatically.

4. Enter a description of the plan. You can also maintain single-level and multi-level costs and characteristics here.

5. In this screen, you start to maintain the data in the table. Start with the relevant data for maintaining operations.

For more information, see:

User Interface in the Production Process ModelMaintaining Operations

Maintaining ActivitiesMaintaining Logical Components and ModesCost Maintenance

Maintaining the PPM

User Interface in the Production Process Model (PPM)

Definition

You can maintain PPM master data using a:

Table

Graphical view

Tree structure

Use

The data is essentially maintained using a table. An additional graphical view and tree structure provide you with an instant overview of the data in the PPM and allow you to access PPM data from certain points in the system.

You can navigate to the maintenance table from both views, and then carry out basic changes or maintain general data.

Simple/extended display:

Right-click a node in the tree structure or an icon in the graphical view to choose whether you want to display only the PPM header (simple display) or also the data tables (extended display) in the table section on the screen.

Graphical view:

The graphical view provides you with an instant overview of operations, activities, logical components, modes, and resources in the PPM. These are identified by icons and the descriptions you entered when you maintained the PPM. The lines between the individual components illustrate the relationships, and the arrows on the lines indicate the direction of the relationship.

By positioning the cursor on one of the icons and clicking the left mouse button, you can change the position of the icon. You can store these positions as a logical view by clicking the Edit work area and logical view pushbutton or by choosing the menu path Edit Logical view. You then enter a name for the new graphical layout and choose Save view. In this screen, you can also choose other logical views using F4, load and delete views, and display the characteristics of a view. From the initial PPM screen, you can also configure an automatic layout or choose a default one.

The graphical view enables you to access the functions for maintaining the PPM more easily. By double-clicking one of the icons, you can display the relevant table with the PPM maintenance data, where you can make changes or take a look at further details. You can display a legend with further information on the icons by clicking the relevant pushbutton or choosing Goto Legend

Changing the tree structure in the graphical view: on the Products or Resources tab page, choose a product or resource and assign it to a logical component or mode using drag & drop.

Tree structure

This area comprises three tab pages:

Plan: contains the tree structure that represents the PPM Products: when you double-click Products, a dialog box is displayed in which you can add further products to the PPM Resources: when you double-click Resources, a dialog box is displayed in which you can choose further resources for the PPM.

The Plan tab page contains an overview of the individual components of the PPM. The top level shows the name of the current PPM plan. The levels below show the operations, activity relationships, and production process models in this PPM.

When you open the Production Process Models node, you can see the corresponding PPMs. The Operations node shows different levels containing the individual components that you have maintained for this PPM plan, for example

Operation

Activity

Modes with resources

Logical components as well as their input and output products

By double-clicking the nodes or subnodes maintained or the operations, you can display the relevant PPM maintenance table, where you can make further changes or display further details on the current object.

Maintenance table:

In every screen for maintaining data, you can go to the next level in the PPM maintenance hierarchy by double-clicking the relevant entry or choosing the corresponding pushbutton. The header area in these screens shows an overview of the settings that you have already maintained for the current PPM plan, since any changes to the header data are displayed immediately.

Maintaining operations:

Header: plan number (copied from the initial screen)

Subareas: Single-level and Multi-level costs, Characteristics

Maintenance table: create operations

Maintaining activities:

Header: operation (copied from the previous screen), basis data (plan number)

Subareas: setup activities, PI information, characteristics

Maintenance table: activities

Maintaining components and sessions:

Header: Activity (copied from the previous screen), Basis data (plan number, operation number), further information on the activity

Subareas: characteristics

Maintenance table: components, mode

Maintaining alternative components:

Header: Logical component (copied from the previous screen), Basis data (plan number, operation number, activity), further information on the logical component

Subareas: characteristics

Maintenance table: Alternative components

Other data:

Header: Alternative components (copied from the previous screen), Basis data (plan number, operation number, activity, logical component)

Subareas: Prevention of product explosion, validity, material consumption

Any changes you make in the maintenance table are automatically included in the graphical view and tree structure.

You can define further settings for the graphical view (logical view) and tree structure from the initial screen of the PPM in the Display and Options field groups.

Navigating between the individual table views:

To maintain the various PPM data, you double-click a row in one maintenance table to navigate to the next table view. To navigate between the various table views, click the corresponding pushbuttons in the header data area of the table.

You are in the maintenance table for the Logical components/sessions. The header data area contains all of the information on the activity for which you want to maintain the logical components or sessions. To go back a step, choose the Return to operation pushbutton in the header data area. The maintenance table for the activity and the header data area of the operation are then displayed.

You can navigate through all of the other views in the same way, that is, by using the corresponding pushbuttons in the header data area.

Navigating between the various master data areas

You can navigate to other master data areas that are linked to the PPM from the PPM or PPM plan.

To do so, position the cursor on the corresponding master data key in the PPM or PPM plan and choose the pushbutton for displaying the master data parameters.

You are in the Plan Change Single Record screen for maintaining the operations table. Position the cursor in the Location column for an existing operation and choose the Location parameters pushbutton. The location master data for this location is then displayed.

You can display the master data for location products, resources, and products in the same way.

Maintaining Operations

Procedure

1. You are in the Plan 'xxx' Change or Display Single Record screen. The plan number and description you selected in the initial screen are shown in the header data area. In the other field groups, you can maintain single-level and multi-level costs, as well as characteristics.

2. In the Operations table, you maintain the data required for an operation.

The following fields are provided here:

OperationsUse to Define...

Descriptionthe description of the operation

Setup group/keythe setup status of the resource that is necessary to process the operation

Locationthe key for a location assigned to the operation

Operation split quantitythe static split quantity

Operation typewhich objects in the work plan / recipe in R/3 represent the operation

Superior operationa number generated by the system, which is assigned to operation

The operation is also relevant for transferring recipes in the process industry. For PP-PI, the phase and secondary resource are transferred with an activity as a separate operation. The activities of all phases of a PP-PI operation have a finish-start relationship; each PP-PI phase is also an activity. The Operation type and Superior operation fields described above are relevant in this context.

You can maintain several operations.

By double-clicking an operation in the table, you can maintain activities for this operation. The activity maintenance table is displayed.

3. Choose Save or maintain further data by double-clicking the relevant entry.

See also:

Maintaining ActivitiesMaintaining Activity RelationshipsMaintaining Logical Components and ModesMaintaining Activities

Use

Activities include not only data for the activity itself, but also materials (logical component, product), relationships (between the individual activities) and resources (mode, resource).

Procedure

1. You are in the field group for maintaining activities on the Plan 'xxx' Change or Display Single Record screen. The header data section shows the plan number you selected in the initial screen, the description of the plan, and the operation number, for which you want to maintain activities. In the other field groups, you can specify setup settings and additional information on the operation and characteristics.

2. In the Activities table, you maintain the data required for an activity.

The following fields are provided here:

ActivityUse to Define...

Activitythe number of the activity

Descriptiona description of the activity

Activity typewhat is to be carried out by the activity (produce, setup, etc.). You maintain the activity type in Customizing for APO

Scrap (%)the percentage scrap quantity of the activity

Setupthat the duration of the setup activity in the operation depends on operation that was processed previously at the resource, in other words, on the setup status of the resource

Synchronization behaviorthe synchronization behavior to override synchronization of activities

You can maintain several activities.

By double-clicking an activity in the table, you can call up the screen for maintaining the logical components and modes for this activity. The table for maintaining logical components and modes is displayed.

3. Choose Save or maintain further data by double-clicking the relevant entry.

For more information, see:

Maintaining Operations

Maintaining Logical Components and ModesMaintaining Resources

Maintaining Activity RelationshipsWhen you select the plan usage for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) or Capable-to-Match, the scrap percentage can be time-dependent; use the function Maintaining Time-Dependent Planning Parameters

Maintaining Logical Components and Modes

Procedure

1. You are in the Plan 'xxx' Create or Change Single Record screen that contains the tab pages for maintaining logical components and modes. The header data area contains the plan number you selected in the initial screen, along with its description, the operation number, activity, activity type and description, and the percentage scrap value. From here, you can maintain the product flow by choosing the corresponding pushbutton.

In the other fields on the screen, you can maintain data for characteristics, activity relationships, synchronization behavior, and setup activities.

Synchronization behavior: when you enter a value in this field, you deactivate the synchronization of activities defined for a multi-activity or multi-mix resource in the resource master. The synchronization behavior then no longer applies to all of the resources maintained for the relevant activity.

Setup activity: you specify that the duration of the setup activity in the operation depends on the operation that was processed previously at the resource, in other words, on the setup status of the resource. If this indicator is not set, the system calculates the setup duration from the setup matrix you assigned to the resource.

2. In the Logical components table, you maintain the data required for these components:

The following fields are provided here:

ComponentsUse to Define...

Short texta description of the logical component

Input/output indicatorwhether the product is an input or an output product

Consumption typethe point in time that a material is produced or used

Offset consumptionthe timeframe that is added to or subtracted from the start or end time of the activity in order to determine the time at which material consumption occurs

You can maintain several logical components.

Output product: you do not have to create a PPM for each output product, since the product may not be a finished product that can be used, but rather a by-product that is created during the production process but cannot be utilized at the end (for example, waste water). If you do not create a PPM for these products, they cannot be planned explicitly. In other words, they are simply planned with the other products.

By double-clicking a logical component in the table, you can call up the screen for defining alternative components. The table for maintaining alternative components is then displayed.

3. In the table on the Mode tab page, you can enter the relevant data.

The following fields are provided here:

ModeUse to Define...

Modea mode number

Mode priorityyou can assign various modes to an activity, that is, various primary resources at which the activity can be carried out. In general, these activities are not equal: a fast, expensive special machine should be utilized before its slower, less expensive replacement machine.

For this reason, you assign modes (that is, the alternative resources) in the PPM priorities that are used by the system to plan these alternatives. A priority A mode has the highest priority; a mode with priority B has the next highest priority (and so on, until priority O)

Primary resourcethe primary resource to be used

Locationthe key for the selected location

Activity startthe point in time at which the activity is to start

Break not allowedthat the mode cannot be interrupted by a break

Break without interruptionthe maximum duration of a short break during this activity in the mode

Production within a shiftthat the activity must be carried out as part of a shift

You can maintain several modes.

By double-clicking a mode in the table, you can call up the screen for defining resources. The resource maintenance table is displayed.

4. Choose Save or maintain further data by double-clicking the relevant entry. By double-clicking a logical component, you can maintain the alternative components; by double-clicking a mode, you can maintain the resources.

Use the maintain time-dependent parameters function to maintain this data.

For more information, see:

Maintaining Alternative ComponentsMaintaining Resources

Maintaining Material ConsumptionMaintaining Activity RelationshipsProduct FlowMaintaining the PPM

Prerequisites

Starting from the PPM plan, you must create a PPM and assign a product to it. This step is necessary in order for the lot sizes and locations of the output products of the PPM to be displayed in the Supply Chain Cockpit (SCC). The PPM must be assigned to a model in the SSC.

If a product has already been assigned to the PPM, you can maintain the PPM identifier and the lot size information with this function.

Procedure

1. You are in the Plan 'xxx' Change Single Record screen. Choose the Product plan assignment pushbutton. A table for maintaining production process models is then displayed on the screen.

2. Create a PPM in the Production process models field group by maintaining the relevant data.

The following fields are provided here:

Production Process ModelUse to Define...

Production Process Modelthe external key of a source supply (for example, of a PPM)

Descriptiona description of the PPM

Locationthe key that uniquely identifies a location; this is the location at which the output product is manufactured

Procurement prioritythe selected source supply for a product. You can specify the priority of a source supply by entering a freely selectable number here. The lower the number, the higher the priority. Source supplies can be PPMs, iPPEs, external procurement

Bucket offsetwhen a product can be used. If a product is available in the middle of a period, the Optimizer must know whether the product can be used at the start or end of this period (that is, at the start of the next period)

Minimum lot sizethe minimum lot size that applies to the PPM

Maximum lot sizethe maximum lot size that applies to the PPM

3. Choose Save.

Master Data for Production Planning

Definition

Master data that is only used in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS).

Use

Master data specific to PP/DS and its use is summarized in the following table.

Master data specific to PP/DS

Master dataUse

Setup matrix Modeling sequence-dependent setup times and costs at single resources

Based on the setup matrix, the system can do the following:

Execute a setup time adjustment automatically during detailed scheduling for the setup activities

Determine optimal operation sequences based on setup time or setup costs during optimization

Setup group, setup key In the case of single resources, to define setup statuses and setup transitions in the setup matrix (see above)

In the case of multi-resources, to synchronize operations

Setup Matrix

Definition

A matrix that contains, for each possible setup transition at a single resource, the setup duration and the setup costs that are necessary to change the setup status of the resource to another setup status.

Use

You can use a setup matrix to model setup times and setup costs for a single resource that are dependent on sequence. Based on the setup matrix, the system can do the following:

Execute a setup time adjustment automatically during detailed scheduling for the setup activities

Determine optimal operation sequences based on setup time or setup costs during optimization Determine the production process model for creating a setup and cleaning order during campaign optimization

Setup time adjustment and setup optimization can only be applied to single resources that are used exclusively in the modes of the production process model as a primary resource.

A setup matrix is only valid for a particular location.

Structure

Setup transition types

A setup status is defined in the setup matrix either by a setup group or by a setup key. The following types of setup transition are possible:

Standard setup transitions

Here you characterize the preceding setup status as well as the subsequent setup status in the setup transition using a setup group.

Exceptional setup transitions

Here you characterize at least one of the setup statuses using a setup key.

You can only define an exceptional setup transition as an exception to the standard setup transition in the setup matrix. The setup groups for this standard setup transition must contain the setup key for the exceptional setup transition.

Setup groups and setup keys as in the case of the setup matrix are only valid for a particular location.

Completeness of setup matrix

The setup matrix must contain all setup transitions that can occur at the resource. You do not have to define each setup transition explicitly. Using an asterisk (*), which you enter in a setup transition instead of a setup group, you can define generic setup transitions in the setup matrix. However, the asterisk (*) only replaces the setup groups that you also use in the setup matrix explicitly to define setup transitions, and not all setup groups that you defined for the location.

Using the setup groups A, B, C and the setup key a, you have defined the following setup transitions in the setup matrix: AB, AC, Aa.

Using a setup transition ** in the setup matrix, you include the following setup transitions: AA, BA, BB, BC, CA, CB, CC. These are the missing combinations for the setup groups used explicitly in the setup matrix. If you have also defined the setup groups D, E and F in the location, the setup transitions with these setup groups are not included when using the generic setup transition **. You have only explicitly used the setup groups A, B and C in the setup matrix.

By entering a setup transition *a, you are including the following setup transitions: Ba, Ca. These are the missing transitions for the setup groups used explicitly in the setup matrix according to setup key a.

Initial setup statuses

It can happen that the setup status of the resource is not defined at the point in time when you schedule an operation at this resource. This happens, for example, in the Detailed Scheduling planning board if you reschedule an operation at the start of the planning period and no operation has been scheduled in the display period before this. Here, the setup status of the resource is not defined for the system because no operation has yet been processed on it. In such cases, you can enter setup transitions in the setup matrix between an initial setup status for the resource and the possible setup statuses. You define such transitions by not entering a setup group or a setup key for the preceding setup status.

For performance reasons, it is recommended that you define setup matrices that are as small as possible, with only a few setup transitions. Therefore, you should do the following:

Classify the setup transitions using setup groups and setup keys only to a degree of detail that is necessary

Use as few exceptional setup transitions as possible

Transfer of Setup Keys, Setup Groups, and Setup Matrices

Using the following report, you can transfer these objects from one APO system to an other APO system:

ReportTransfer from

/SAPAPO/SETUP_GROUP_COPYSetup groups and setup keys

/SAPAPO/SETUP_MATRIX_COPYSetup matrices

A prerequisite for a successful transfer is that the locations for which these objects were created are available in the target system. This is also valid for the plan numbers which you can specify in the setup matrices for campaigns. These plan numbers must also exist in the target system. You define the target system by specifying the RFC destination of the system.

Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (APO-PPS)

Represents a characteristic of an operation or a resource that the system should consider when scheduling and rescheduling operations at resources. Setup groups have the following uses:

For single resources when adjusting the setup time and for setup optimization

Setup groups are used for scheduling operations at a single resource in order to model setup costs and setup times that are dependent on the sequence of the operations at the resource. The setup status, which is necessary for processing an operation at a resource, is defined in the operation by a setup group. The setup duration and setup costs for each possible setup transition at the resource, that is, for each change between two setup statuses, are stored in a setup matrix that is assigned to the resource. Based on this setup matrix, the system determines during scheduling or during setup optimization, the duration of the setup activities or optimal sequence of operations at the resource in terms of the setup time or setup costs.

To classify the setup statuses within a setup group in a differentiated way, you can define setup keys for the setup group. Exceptional setup statuses can be defined in the setup matrix with setup keys.

For multi resources when synchronizing activities

Setup groups are used when scheduling activities at a multi resource in order to synchronize activities with the same duration and with a further common characteristic, that is, in order to schedule either simultaneously or without overlaps at the resource. The characteristic is represented by a setup group that is assigned to the operation in the production process model.

For example, when synchronizing is carried out, tempering activities that have the same duration and that have to be executed at the same temperature can be scheduled simultaneously at an oven. In this case, a setup group represents a particular temperature.

Note: Synchorization and setup time adjustment/setup time optimization can only be used for resources that are only used as primary resources in the modes of the production process model.

Transportation Lane Maintenance

Use

Use this function to create and maintain the transportation lanes in your supply chain model. In APO, the transportation lane represents a business relationship between locations. Together, the lanes and locations comprise the supply chain network.

This maintenance function allows you to:

define product procurement parameters such as lot sizes, cost functions, unit purchase costs and priorities for each lane

define transportation methods for each lane and the related parameters such as transportation costs, distances, duration

assign product-specific transportation methods

assign carriers to lanes

Arrows on the lanes indicate the direction of traffic between source and target locations. You can view and maintain lane relevant data through a pull-down context menu either in the tree or on the map. For example, you can display a list of all products assigned to a particular lane, or you can change the transportation method for a certain product within a specific time period.

Integration

Transportation lanes are part of master data. Lanes are an integral part of the supply chain model and usually remain unchanged over an extended period of time. Transportation lane maintenance is especially relevant for:

Supply chain modelling

Network Design

Supply Network Planning

Production Planning

TP/VS

Prerequisites

Maintain product and location master data

Maintain planner (APO IMG Supply Chain Planning Specify person responsible )

Maintain transportation calendar (APO IMG Master Data Calendar Maintain planning calendar (time stream)

Features

This function allows you to maintain lanes individually or in groups. Mass maintenance of transportation lanes facilitates the generation and maintenance of large quantities of supply chain transportation data. The following activities are possible for mass maintenance:

Simultaneous generation of multiple lanes

Multiple product assignment to a lane

Multiple product quota arrangements for a location

Procedures

Transportation lane maintenance consists of the following procedures:

Creating transportation lanes Defining product procurement Defining transportation methods Assigning products to transportation methods Assigning external carriers Creating multiple lanes

See also :

Transportation Lane Maintenance ScreenTransportation Lane Maintenance Screen

Use

In this screen you can:

define product procurement for a transportation lane

define transportation methods for a transportation lane

define product-specific assignment of transportation methods

assign carriers to a transportation method

launch a query to view all assignments valid for a specific lane

Structure

The Transportation lane maintenance screen consists of a header control and several tables, plus an optional detail view for maintenance.

Transportation Lane Maintenance Screen

Header controls Header data

Product-specific transportation methods

External carrier assignment

Lane overview

TablesTransportation lane maintenance consists of 4 parts. The details are displayed in the tables that appear in this screen. Each table has its own controls with standard functionality. The tables include:

product procurement transportation methodsproduct-specific transportation methods OR external carrier assignmentTo save space, these two tables replace each other. You can toggle back and forth between them using the header icons.

lane overview (appears only when icon is activated)

Detail viewYou can open the detail view of a table in the following ways:

click on the Create icon in the table control header

double click on a selected row in the table

select a row and click on the Detail icon in the table control header

Close the detail view using one of the icons at the top of the screen:

close screen (without copying data)

copy data (copy data into the maintenance table on the left)

copy and close (copy data into the maintenance table on the left and close the parameter maintenance screen)

Creating Transportation Lanes

Use

A transportation lane represents a direct route between two locations that can be used to source and transport products between them. Each lane is defined by its source and target locations, depending on the direction of traffic, and is assigned products to be transported along the route. Each lane is also assigned available transportation methods.

Prerequisites

Create and assign locations to model.

Procedure

To create a lane directly on the map in the Supply Chain Engineer:

1. Access your supply chain model in Change mode via the SAP Easy Access menu.

2. From the map menu bar, select the Transportation Lane toggle.

3. Select the source location on the map.

4. Position mouse on source location, click left mouse button, hold and go to target location. Release mouse. Result: The screen Create transportation lanes appears.

5. Click on the Header Data button. The detail view appears on the right. The General data section is populated with the names of the source and target locations.

6. Enter a description and transportation planner (optional).

7. Maintain the procurement options and transportation methods for the lane as described in the topic Transportation Lane Maintenance.

To create a lane as a stand-alone transaction:

1. From the SAP Easy Access menu, choose Master Data Transportation Lanes.

2. Enter the model name.

3. Enter the source and target locations.

4. Choose the Create button.

5. Continue as described in steps 5 and 6 above.

Maintenance of PP/DS Settings

Use

You can change and save the following settings for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) for each user at any time before or during interactive planning:

Propagation range

The propagation range allows you to specify the resources and products for which changes can be made in planning either interactively or in the production planning run.

The resources of the propagation range are relevant for resource-related planning. You can only change planning for resources of the propagation range. This means, for example, you can only schedule or reschedule operations at these resources.

The products of the propagation range are relevant for product-related planning. You can only make changes in planning for products of the propagation range. This means, for example, you can only create orders for these products.

If you create an order for a product that is in the propagation range but which contains components that are not in the propagation range, the system does not create any orders for these components. Instead, it writes a planning file entry for them.

If you do not interactively set a propagation range, the system uses the propagation range you have defined in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning under Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults.

The propagation range is not relevant for the following processes:

Transfer of orders to PP/DS from an OLTP system or from Supply Network Planning

Capable-To-Promise (CTP)

Strategy profile

You use the strategy profile to control how orders are scheduled or rescheduled. In the strategy profile you can define, for example, whether forward or backward scheduling is to be used and whether you want to schedule finitely or infinitely. For more information, see Detailed Scheduling and Detailed Scheduling Strategy.

If you do not interactively set a strategy profile on the planning screen, the system uses the strategy profile that you have entered in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning under Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults.

Alert profile

You use the alert profile to specify the problems and non-typical situations in planning for which alerts are to be displayed in the Alert Monitor. For more information, see Display of Alerts.

Time zone

You can define the time zone that is to be used for time entries.

Layout

You can make settings for the presentation of and navigation between planning data in the product view and in the order processing view.

You make the basic Customizing settings for PP/DS in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning under Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults and in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. For more information, see the Implementation Guides (IMG) for Supply Chain Planning and Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling.

You can create and change propagation ranges and strategy profiles in both Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling and from the SAP Easy Access menu by choosing Supply Chain Planning Production Planning Environment Current Settings.

Interactive Planning

Purpose

You use interactive planning for products that are to be planned manually. Since the system does not create any receipt elements to cover these products, you must create the receipt elements interactively. You also use interactive planning to improve the results of automatic planning and to deal with any problems that may have arisen. You can manually change dates and quantities of orders in various PP/DS views. You can use the DS planning board to perform interactive sequence planning for the operations and orders.

Prerequisites

You have maintained all necessary master data and PP/DS settings.

Process Flow

1. To review the results of automatic planning, access one of the following views:

Product view Order processing view Receipts view Requirements view Product planning table2. Check the planning results for any problems regarding order dates and quantities. They will appear on the planning screen or in the Alert Monitor. For more information, see Display of Alerts.

3. If a product has a red alert icon regarding its quantity, there is a product shortage. This occurs with products that are planned manually. You solve this problem by creating an appropriate receipt to cover the requirement.

4. If a product has a red alert icon regarding its date, there is a due-date violation, which means that the date of the receipt is after the requirements date or that no receipt exists at all. In this case, you either create a receipt to cover the requirement or you can change the date of an existing receipt.

5. After you have manually created or changed orders, choose Product Heuristic in order to trigger planning for the product. The heuristic that is defined for the product in the product master is executed. If you do not wish the order to be changed, you can manually firm the order. You can also fix pegging relationships so that the assignment of a receipt element to a requirement element is not changed during planning.

6. To have a detailed view of an order and the resources within it, access the DS planning board. Here you can reschedule orders and operations, and check the capacity of resources. For more information, see Scheduling with the DS Planning Board.

7. After interactive planning, you can optimize the resource schedule.

Production Planning Run

Use

You use the production planning run to execute planning for a very large number of objects online or in the background. You can define which objects are to be planned with which heuristics or functions.

The objects must be compatible with the selected heuristic or planning function, for example, you can use production planning heuristics for products. You therefore use different heuristics or functions to address different types of problems. Functions such as optimization or scheduling functions can also be selected and executed during the production planning run. You may execute several heuristics or functions one after another.

You use the production planning run in net change planning to plan those products you have defined in the product master as being planned automatically in the planning run. You can also use the production planning run to plan products defined as being planned manually, as well use a heuristic to reschedule products that have been defined as being planned automatically and immediately. An example of this may be that you first plan automatically and immediately so that an availability check is performed, and then reschedule the products using a heuristic for periodic lot-sizing.

Prerequisites

In Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling, you have defined the profiles with which the planning area and the settings for the scheduling functions are defined. The following profiles are required for the production planning run:

Profiles for the Production Planning Run

ProfileDescription

Time profileYou use the time profile to specify the time period for which planning is to be executed. Only the orders or operations that lie within this planning period can be rescheduled.

Propagation rangeYou use the propagation range to specify which resources and products can be changed. You can only change the schedule for resources and products that lie within the propagation range.

Strategy profileYou use the strategy profile to specify the detailed scheduling strategies for scheduling and rescheduling operations and orders.

Optimization profileYou use an optimization profile to define settings for optimization.

Features

You can define several successive processing steps for the production planning run in which the system executes various heuristics or functions for the defined objects. For each processing step, you specify:

The heuristic or function to be executed in this step

The profile to be used for the heuristic or function. If you select the optimization function, you must enter an optimization profile.

The objects at which the heuristics or functions are to be executed

Production planning has two forms: functions and heuristics. For scheduling and optimization you use functions. You cannot change functions. Heuristics, on the other hand, can be maintained in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. You can also program your own algorithms and apply them as heuristics during the production planning run. SAP delivers some standard heuristics and standard functions. These are described briefly below.

Standard Heuristics for the Production Planning Run

Production planningThese heuristics are mainly lot-sizing procedures, whose planning focus is on products. Examples of these heuristics include periodic lot-sizing and order quantity optimizing. Two important heuristics are Product planning and Production planning run using low-level code. These heuristics execute the heuristic that is defined for each product in the product master. For more information, see Automatic Planning in the Planning Run.

Detailed schedulingThese heuristics are for scheduling or rescheduling and their planning focus is on resources and operations. Examples of these heuristics include Reduce runtime and Remove backlog.

Repetitive manufacturingThese heuristics generate planned orders for requirements taking into account the resource capacity for all periods. The planning focus is on resources, line networks and products.

Model Mix PlanningThis heuristic optimizes the sequence of configurable products while taking any restrictions into account. The planning focus is on resources and line networks.

Standard Functions for the Production Planning Run

Along with the heuristics, you can use the following scheduling functions in the production planning run.

Scheduling Functions

FunctionObjectsSettingsDescription

Deallocate Operations

Orders

ResourcesYou use this function if you want to remove operations or orders from the schedule.

Reschedule Operations

Orders

ResourcesStrategy profileYou can use this function to:

Schedule operations or orders that were deallocated

Reschedule operations or orders that are affected by scheduling problems

Fix objects Orders

OperationsYou use this function to fix operations and orders. This ensures that the system cannot reschedule these operations or orders in a subsequent processing step.

Undo fix on objects Orders

OperationsYou use this function to undo the fixing of objects. The system can then reschedule these operations or orders in a subsequent processing step.

OptimizationResourcesOptimization profileYou use this function to optimize the schedule.

Transfer objects to the customer exit APOCDPS0 Operations

Orders

Resources

ProductsYou use this function to transfer objects to the customer exit APOCDPS0.

Activities

You call up the production planning run from the SAP Easy Access Menu by choosing Production Planning Automated Production Planning and Optimization Production Planning Run.

Detailed Scheduling

Use

Detailed scheduling is used to:

Determine the resources and dates for processing operations, taking resource and product availability into consideration.

Support the scheduler when scheduling resources, that is, when creating an optimal processing sequence for operations

The basic detailed scheduling activities are

Scheduling, that is, dispatching operations to resources at a specific time

Rescheduling, that is, dispatching already scheduled operations to a different time or to different resources

Deallocating, that is, removing scheduled operations from the resource schedule

Prerequisites

The system can trigger detailed scheduling activities automatically, for example, the system automatically schedules the order operations when creating an order. You can also start detailed scheduling activities in the production planning run or in the detailed scheduling planning board specifically for selected operations or orders. Here, the system automatically carries out detailed scheduling activities for affected dependent objects, if necessary. For more information, see detailed scheduling activities.

Features

Controlling Detailed Scheduling

Alongside the desired scheduling date, the basis of detailed scheduling for an order, are the capacity requirements of the activities. You control which constraints, rules, and parameters the system must consider during scheduling using the settings and data in the following objects:

Resource Production process model (PPM) or iPPE plan Strategy profile

Dates and Planning Directions

The starting point for scheduling or rescheduling is the desired start or end date of the orders or operations. If, for example, you create an order, the availability date of the main order product defines the desired end date. If you reschedule an operation in the detailed scheduling planning board using Drag&Drop for example, the desired date is the date on which you "let go" of the operation.

Starting from the desired date, the system searches for a scheduling date in the set planning direction for the last activity (planning direction backwards) or for the first activity (planning direction forwards) of an operation or an order. If the first activity is scheduled, it is then the turn of the next activity in the sequence, and so on until all activities of the operation or order are scheduled or rescheduled. The system cannot schedule or reschedule an activity before or after the application dependent earliest possible or latest possible date.

Resource Availability

The dates on which an activity can be scheduled or rescheduled on a resource depends on the capacity requirement of the activity and on the working times and capacity of the resource. In general, you can only process activities during the working times of a resource, and you can therefore only schedule these activities in regular working times. In working times you can schedule activities finitely or infinitely, that is, with or without consideration of the resource capacity and the existing resource load. If necessary, you can also schedule activities during non-working times, for example, breaks. Scheduling during downtime caused for example by a machine breakdown or by maintenance is not possible. In order to schedule activities that are longer than related working times, it must be possible to interrupt them with non-working times.

Selection of Resources

You can enter several alternative sets of resources ( modes) at which the activity can be processed, in the PPM for the activity. The mode selection can be automatic or manual, as in the detailed scheduling planning board.

Time Relationships

Time relationships that control which minimum and maximum time intervals activities can have can exist between activities. The system always considers the obligatory end-start relationships between activities for an operation. For example, when you have entered a minimum interval of one hour between two activities in an operation, the system cannot schedule or reschedule these activities in such a way that the time interval is less than one hour. You define in the detailed scheduling strategy if the system should consider time relationships between activities from different operations when scheduling.

Pegging Relationships

Pegging relationships can exist between the activities of different orders. An activity therefore produces a material that then undergoes further processing by an activity of another order. The pegging relationship requires with a certain time tolerance that the material be available at the right time, that is, that the supplying activity is scheduled at the appropriate time. You define in the detailed scheduling strategy if the system should consider pegging relationships during scheduling.

Automatic Propagation of Changes

When you schedule or reschedule an operation or an order, other operations and orders are affected, for example, due to time relationships or pegging relationships. In order that the schedule remains consistent, subsequent rescheduling is often required. This is performed automatically by the system. For more information, see scheduling dependent objects.

Adjusting Setup Time

The duration of the setup activity for an operation may depend on the setup status of the resource at the time of scheduling; that is, it depends on which operation was processed prior to this at the resource. For set-up activities on single resources, the system can automatically adjust the setup time during detailed scheduling.

Synchronizing Activities on Multi-Resources

Several activities can be processed simultaneously on a multi-resource. How many can be processed depends on the resource consumption of the activities and on the capacity of the multi-resource. The system can synchronize the start times of the activities during detailed scheduling if the duration of the activities and one further characteristic of the activities match.

Block Planning

In block planning you can define blocks for resources, that is, time periods that are reserved for production of products with particular characteristics. The system automatically considers this during detailed scheduling and only schedules or reschedules activities into the blocks with the corresponding characteristics.

Scheduling Log

The system collects messages that it generates in interactive scheduling or in the production planning run in the scheduling log. You can call up the scheduling log

In the detailed scheduling planning board under Extras

In the Production Planning area menu under Reporting Planning Run Reporting

Terminating Scheduling

In complex scheduling situations in which many constraints and dependencies must be considered, the duration of scheduling can be very long. The system is set internally to terminate scheduling after 10 minutes. You can set another maximum scheduling duration. in the detailed scheduling strategy.

Alerts

In the case of scheduling problems, for example, resource overload, the system can create alerts that are displayed in the Alert Monitor. You must use a corresponding PP/DS alert profile for this purpose.

Definition

A record of settings that control the detailed scheduling of operations and orders in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling.

Use

Using the detailed scheduling strategy, you specify which rules and constraints the system uses to determine dates and resources for orders and operations, and which scheduling constraints (for example, product and resource availability) it considers when doing this.

Additional operations may be affected by the scheduling or rescheduling of an operation that you have selected specifically for scheduling. In order that the schedule remains consistent, the system must also schedule or adjust these operations accordingly. Scheduling or rescheduling of an operation can therefore trigger a chain reaction of detailed scheduling activities for the objects concerned.

You reschedule an urgent operation to another date, on which the resource is already occupied.

If you have defined an insert scheduling mode in the detailed scheduling strategy, the system must move the operations on the resource to create a slot for this operation (scheduling mode insert operation), and to close the newly created gaps (scheduling mode inserting an operation and closing gaps).

If you have defined in the detailed scheduling strategy that the system must retain time relationships or pegging relationships to the dependent operations when rescheduling the operations and the neighboring operations, the system