Typography & Graphic DesignThesaurus

Version 1.1 · May 31, 2006

Paul M. Hoffman

Copyright 2006 Paul M. Hoffman.

This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License, as definedat <URL:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode>.

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Any of these conditions may be waived with the explicit written permission of the copyright holder.Readers’ fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.

For copies of this thesaurus in electronic form, see <URL:http://hoffmancommapaul.com/tgdt/>.

for Rachel,who kept me sane

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ContentsAcknowledgments viiIntroduction 1

Scope and aims 1About thesauri 1Why a new thesaurus? 2Development 2

User guide 5Organization 5Classification notation 8Use 8Extending the thesaurus 9

Sources 11Principle sources 11Ancillary sources 11

Systematic listings 13A. Activities and Processes Facet 15C. Communication, Information, and Language Facet 21E. Entities Facet 31L. Places Facet 33O. Objects and Materials Facet 35P. Properties and Concepts Facet 39S. Styles and Periods Facet 45V. Visual Elements Facet 47W. Created Works Facet 55

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Alphabetic listing 63Appendix A. New term proposal 131Appendix B. Identifiers 133

Typefaces 134Characters 134Languages 134Writing systems 135Software 135File formats 136

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AcknowledgmentsThe author expresses his thanks to those who helped evaluate an earlier version of thethesaurus: Caryn Anderson, Gerald Benoît, Michèle Cloonan, Lorrie Fleming, and DarinMurphy.

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IntroductionThe Typography and Graphic Design Thesaurus (TGDT) is a new information retrievalthesaurus constructed for scholars, students, and practitioners of typography, graphic de-sign, and related fields. The core of the TGDT is a list of approximately 1,900 preferredterms that have been selected and arranged for use in indexing, cataloging, classification,and other applications; an additional 600 terms are provided as access points leading totheir preferred alternatives.

Scope and aimsThe TGDT is comprised primarily of terminology on typography and graphic design,and secondarily on Web design and the book arts – printing, binding, and paper. Particu-lar emphasis is placed on terms that relate to practice, but terms of historical or theoreti-cal significance are included as well.

The TGDT is intended first and foremost as a tool for the indexing and cataloging ofworks that are about typography and graphic design, not of the products of typographyand graphic design – though it may prove to be suitable for the latter.

About thesauriAn information retrieval thesaurus is much more than a simple list of synonyms; it is astructured, carefully chosen set of interrelated terms. The primary purpose of such a the-saurus is to promote the consistent use of terms in describing and retrieving informationobjects; this is accomplished by giving a preferred status to terms with commonly under-stood, unambiguous meanings.

Thesauri such as the TGDT have several advantages over unstructured vocabularylists:

¶ They limit synonym sets to a single preferred member, in order to promote consis-tency and improve the likelihood that terms used by a searcher will match those used inindexing.

¶ They include non-preferred synonyms as cross-referenced entry points, to promoteease of use.

¶ They impose a hierarchical ordering of terms, facilitating the discovery of conceptsthe user might not otherwise have considered and providing an overview of the full scope

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of a topic; additional, associative relations provide a richer web of connections betweenterms, enhancing browsability.

Why a new thesaurus?Some existing controlled vocabularies overlap in coverage with TGDT, but none has anemphasis on the fields it covers. What’s more, rapid changes in these fields since the ad-vent of computerized typesetting and the ascendancy of the Web and Web design haveleft an increasingly large need for a controlled vocabulary on typography or graphic de-sign.

DevelopmentSourcesA number of diverse sources were consulted, including other thesauri, dictionaries, glos-saries, manuals, journal articles, and textbooks. To these were added terms from theauthor’s experience, terms found on graphic design and typography-related Web sites, andother reference materials. A list of principle sources begins on page 11.StandardsThe TGDT has been constructed to conform closely to the ANSI/NISO StandardZ39.19-2005, with the following caveats:

¶ Parts of a whole have generally been included in their singular form, by analogywith the standard’s recommendation on body parts and other cases with literarywarrant (ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005, §6.5.1.1).

¶ Selected identifiers for certain classes of proper names are listed, but are not consid-ered preferred terms. These are described more fully in Appendix B.

Term selectionThe fields of typography and graphic design are no different from other fields in the di-versity of terminology used by scholars and practitioners.

When choosing terms, three primary considerations were made:¶ Relevance. Does the term fall within the scope of the TGDT?¶ Currency. Is the term in current use, or is it obsolete?¶ Clarity. Does the term clearly and unambiguously identify a concept?In many instances, a single term may have several, sometimes conflicting uses; such

terms are either rejected in favor of an unambiguous alternative, clarified with a disam-biguating qualifier – for example, typesetters (equipment) as distinct from typesetters(people) – or is used only in a limited sense in the TGDT, as indicated by a scope note inthe alphabetic listing. In contrast, two or more terms may be fully or partially synony-

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mous; when this occurs, preference has been given to the form that appears to be pre

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dominant, as long as doing so does not compromise consistency in the thesaurus as awhole – in other words, preferred terms have been chosen not only for their use, but alsofor how well they fit with each other.

For example, the words ‘typeface’, ‘font’, and ‘face’ are often used synonymously incompound terms. In some cases, only one of these words occurs: thus, one speaks of ‘fatfaces’ or ‘pi fonts’ but never of ‘fat fonts’ or ‘pi typefaces’. In other cases, there is somevariation: where none of these variants predominates, the selection of a preferred termfrom one synonym set becomes tied up with the selection of a preferred term from other,related synonym sets. Thus, the choice between ‘slab-serif typefaces’ and ‘square-seriffonts’ is made in conjunction with the choice between ‘slab serif and ‘square serif’.

For the most part, a policy of inclusiveness has been followed in developing theTGDT.

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User guideOrganizationTermsThe TGDT contains four types of terms.

¶ Preferred terms are those words and phrases which are to be used in indexing orcataloging. Preferred terms normally appear in bold type: for example, sheetfed scannersor dashed rules.

¶ Non-preferred terms (also known as lead-in terms) are words and phrases for whichpreferred terms are to be substituted in actual use; these are intended as an aid to users infinding preferred terms, and appear in regular type.

¶ Guide terms are descriptive labels used to structure the thesaurus, bringing togetherterms that are subordinate to a common concept for which no acceptable term exists; likenon-preferred terms, they are not meant to be used as indexing terms. They are foundonly in the systematic listing, where they appear in italics within angle brackets: for ex-ample, <sections of a book > or <printers by method >.

¶ Identifiers are proper nouns that designate individual, unique persons, languages,works, and so on. Because the set of identifiers is unbounded, only selected identifiers arelisted in the thesaurus; these appear in italics within square brackets: for example, [Photo

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shop (software)] or [American Sign Language]. Furthermore, identifiers are not consideredpart of the TGDT proper; rather, they are ancillary terms listed only for the convenienceof users. Appendix B describes the five classes of identifiers listed in the TGDT.

Terms that might otherwise be ambiguous contain a parenthetical qualifier: for exam-ple, printers (people) and printers (computer peripherals) are distinguished in thismanner. Lead-in terms and identifiers also contain qualifiers as needed.FacetsThe terms in TGDT are organized in nine facets, described below. As in other facetedthesauri and classification schemes, each facet is “a homogeneous class of terms whosemembers share characteristics that distinguish them from members of other classes”(Petersen, 1994b, p. 7). These classes are, for the most part, distinguished by linguisticfactors rather than simple relatedness. For example, terms in the TGDT that relate toprinted books are found in several facets: book design and book trade in the Activities

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and Processes Facet, book collectors and book clubs in the Entities Facet, the parts of abook (binding and book jacket, among others) in the Objects Facet, and books them-selves – the products of intellectual and creative effort – in the Created Works Facet.

This arrangement is intended to facilitate the clear division of terms into comple-mentary classes rather than merely collecting them according to the general topics towhich they pertain.

As it stands now, no term may occur in more than one position in the TGDT’s hier-archical structure; future revisions may allow the placement of a term in several locations– such a structure is called polyhierarchical.A. Activities and ProcessesThis facet consists of terms that denote aspects of human endeavor, including actions andevents, physical processes, and more general activities such as fields of study. Examplesinclude preflighting, chromolithography, philosophy, and exhibitions.C. Communication, Information, and LanguageTerms in the Communication, Information, and Language facet relate to human commu

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nication, primarily in visual form – corporate identity, FTP, Roman numerals. Termsdesignating the products of creative effort are found in the Created Works facet.E. EntitiesThis facet is made up of terms designating people and organizations – e.g., graphic de-signers and associations, printer’s devils and collection agencies.O. Objects and MaterialsThe Objects and Materials facet pertains to physical objects, both countable and un-countable (e.g., computers and ink) and is subdivided according to their typical uses –materials, instruments, and equipment.P. Properties and ConceptsThis facet includes terms denoting properties, both measurable and unmeasurable (e.g.,brightness or leading), or concepts (e.g., equity or algorithms).S. Styles and PeriodsTerms found in this facet include styles identified with particular regions or periods –De Stijl, Pre-Columbian – and is notable for including many terms in the form of ad-jectives.V. Visual ElementsThis facet consists of terms that denote visual components of written language or of cre

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ated works; for example, side bearings, whitespace, and arabesques.

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W. Created WorksTerms in the Created Works facet designate the products of human creative and intellec-tual endeavor – graphic novels, bookplates, shopping bags, and so on.ListingsThe TGDT per se consists of two listings:

¶ A systematic listing in outline form of the terms in each of the nine facets, showingthe hierarchical relations among terms.

¶ An alphabetic listing of preferred and lead-in terms containing detailed informationon the scope of terms and their relations – both hierarchical and non-hierarchical – toother terms.Systematic listingEach entry (or ‘node’) in the systematic listing is either a preferred or guide term, pre

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ceded by its classification number.Although the database from which these listings are compiled contains alternate

forms of preferred terms (for example, the term labor relations has the alternative form‘labour relations’), these are not included in this first edition of the TGDT.

Figure 1 shows an excerpt from the systematic listing of the Places Facet. The clas-sification notation for each term is arranged along the left side of the page; dotted indentsare used before each term to indicate its position within the hierarchy. Preferred terms areshown in boldface and guide terms in italics within angled brackets.

L.60 schoolsL.60.10 . <schools by education level >L.60.10.10 . . <colleges and universities >L.60.10.10.3 . . . collegesL.60.10.10.3.3 . . . . community collegesL.60.10.10.3.5 . . . . junior collegesL.60.10.10.7 . . . universitiesL.60.10.29 . . elementary schoolsL.60.10.42 . . high schoolsL.60.10.55 . . junior high schoolsL.60.10.68 . . middle schools

Figure 1. Systematic listing.The systematic listings begin on page 13.Alphabetic listingA more complete record of terms is given in the alphabetic listing, in which each term islisted with its classification notation, scope notes (if any), and any related terms. Thislisting includes both preferred and non-preferred (lead-in) terms; the former appear inboldface. The following abbreviations are used:

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CL Classification notationSN Scope notesUF Used forUSE Use insteadBT Broader termNT Narrower termRT Related term

Figure 2 shows sample entries from the alphabetic listing.character sets

CL C. 44. 20SN Encompasses sets of char-

acters, their encodingsinto numeric code points,and the forms in whichthe encoded code pointsare represented

UF charsetscoded character setscharacter set encodingscharacter encoding formscharacter encoding schemes

BT <representations of language >NT <specific character sets >

multibyte character setsRT code pages

paragraph markUSE pilcrow

(a) (b)Figure 2. Alphabetic listing: (a) Preferred term; (b) Non-preferred term.

The alphabetic listing begins on page 63.

Classification notationEach preferred or guide term in the TGDT is provided with an alphanumeric classifica-tion code, which indicates its placement within the hierarchical structure of genus-speciesrelations. Classification codes are formed by appending to the facet’s letter a period anddecimal number for each branch taken in the hierarchy to arrive at the term itself. For ex-ample, the term typesetting equipment has the classification O.3.5.44.78; its immedi-ately broader term, equipment – its ‘parent’ – is classified as O.3.5.44.

These classification codes are intended primarily as a means to quickly move from aterm’s entry in the alphabetic listing to its corresponding position in the systematic list-ing, but may also be used as a notational shorthand in indexing or retrieval applications.

UseDepending on the purpose to which it is put, either the alphabetic or systematic listingmay be the best place to start when looking for the best term to describe a particular con-

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cept. Readers who are familiar with the fields of typography and graphic design may becontent to use only the alphabetic listing, whereas others may find the systematic listingof equal utility.

When using either listing, keep in mind that only terms in boldface have been se-lected for use in indexing or cataloging.

Extending the thesaurusFrom time to time, users may encounter terms not included in the TGDT that nonethe-less fall within its scope; they may choose to use such terms, but if so they are encouragedto use them provisionally while submitting a new term request form, found in Appen-dix A.

Appendix B describes the five classes of identifiers that are listed alongside preferredterms in the TGDT.

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SourcesOnly sources of significant numbers of terms are listed here; minor sources include addi-tional books, journal articles, and Web sites.

Principle sourcesBringhurst, R. (2004). The elements of typographic style (version 3.0). Point Roberts, WA:

Hartley & Marks.Eckersley, R. (1994). Glossary of typesetting terms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Felici, J. (2003). The complete manual of typography: a guide to setting perfect type. Berkeley,

CA: Peachpit Press.International Paper Company. (2003). Pocket pal: a graphic arts production handbook. Mem-

phis, TN: International Paper.Kleper, M. L. (1983). The illustrated dictionary of typographic communication. Rochester,

NY: Technical and Education Center of the Graphic Arts, Rochester Institute ofTechnology.

Meggs, P. B. (1998). A history of graphic design (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.Peters, J. (Ed.). (1983). Bookman’s glossary (6th ed.). New York: R. R. Bowker.Petersen, T. (Ed.). (1994a). Art and architecture thesaurus (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford

University Press.Type evidence: a thesaurus for use in rare book and special collections cataloguing. (1990). Chi-

cago: Association of College and Research Libraries.

Ancillary sourcesAliprand, Joan (Ed.). (2003). The Unicode standard, version 4.0. Boston: Addison-Wesley.The complete index to Fine print, 1975-1990. (2003). San Francisco: Pro Arte Libri.Crawford, T. (2005). The graphic design business book. New York: Allworth Press.

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Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. (1995). Thesaurus for graphic mate

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rials I: Subject terms. Retrieved April 7, 2006, from http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/Random House Webster’s unabridged dictionary (2nd ed.). (1998). New York: Random

House.UKAT: UK Archival Thesaurus. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2006 from

http://www.ukat.org.uk/

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Systematic listings

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A. Activities and Processes FacetA.10 <activities  >A.10.10 . <business and economic activities  >A.10.10.3 . . business practicesA.10.10.3.11 . . . biddingA.10.10.3.17 . . . business plansA.10.10.3.23 . . . commissionsA.10.10.3.53 . . . price estimatesA.10.10.3.30 . . . decision makingA.10.10.3.39 . . . marketingA.10.10.3.46 . . . negotiationsA.10.10.3.64 . . . project managementA.10.10.3.70 . . . referralsA.10.10.3.76 . . . retailA.10.10.3.82 . . . salesA.10.10.5 . . financial practicesA.10.10.5.10 . . . accountingA.10.10.5.10.3 . . . . bookkeepingA.10.10.5.17 . . . amortizationA.10.10.5.24 . . . billingA.10.10.5.40 . . . depreciationA.10.10.5.48 . . . financial planningA.10.10.5.48.3 . . . . budgetingA.10.10.5.54 . . . financial reportsA.10.10.5.54.14 . . . . balance sheetsA.10.10.5.54.28 . . . . cash flow statementsA.10.10.5.54.66 . . . . profit and loss statementsA.10.10.5.61 . . . financingA.10.10.5.79 . . . pensionsA.10.18 . <communication activities >A.10.18.5 . . publishingA.10.18.5.6 . . . scientific publishingA.10.18.5.8 . . . technical publishingA.10.18.7 . . scholarly communicationA.10.27 . <design and creation activities >A.10.27.10 . . CADA.10.27.24 . . collaborationA.10.27.39 . . illustration (activity)A.10.27.39.15 . . . book illustrationA.10.27.39.58 . . . scientific illustrationA.10.27.39.74 . . . technical illustrationA.10.27.49 . . internationalizationA.10.27.60 . . localizationA.10.27.73 . . photographyA.10.27.73.18 . . . cinematographyA.10.27.73.33 . . . digital photographyA.10.27.73.77 . . . videographyA.10.35 . <education and training >A.10.35.12 . . certification programsA.10.35.19 . . continuing educationA.10.35.29 . . graduate programs

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A.10.35.37 . . job trainingA.10.35.44 . . learningA.10.35.53 . . professional certification programsA.10.35.60 . . professional developmentA.10.35.67 . . professional educationA.10.35.76 . . teachingA.10.35.84 . . vocational guidanceA.10.44 . <production activities  >A.10.44.10 . . benchmarkingA.10.44.15 . . copyfittingA.10.44.19 . . desktop compositionA.10.44.23 . . desktop publishingA.10.44.27 . . editingA.10.44.27.4 . . . copy editingA.10.44.32 . . gangingA.10.44.36 . . impositionA.10.44.40 . . keyboardingA.10.44.45 . . overprintingA.10.44.54 . . platemakingA.10.44.58 . . post-pressA.10.44.61 . . preflightingA.10.44.65 . . punchcuttingA.10.44.65.4 . . . digital punchcuttingA.10.44.69 . . quality controlA.10.44.73 . . rasterizationA.10.44.78 . . typesettingA.10.44.78.10 . . . <component activities  >A.10.44.78.10.16 . . . . compositionA.10.44.78.10.16.7 . . . . . strike-on compositionA.10.44.78.10.40 . . . . locking upA.10.44.78.10.55 . . . . page makeupA.10.44.78.10.67 . . . . pasteupA.10.44.78.21 . . . <typesetting by application >A.10.44.78.21.14 . . . . chemical typesettingA.10.44.78.21.20 . . . . CJK typesettingA.10.44.78.21.30 . . . . CJKV typesettingA.10.44.78.21.57 . . . . mathematical typesettingA.10.44.78.21.68 . . . . musical typesettingA.10.44.78.32 . . . <typesetting by medium >A.10.44.78.32.21 . . . . digital typesettingA.10.44.78.32.47 . . . . metal compositionA.10.44.78.32.47.5 . . . . . hot metal compositionA.10.44.78.32.64 . . . . phototypesettingA.10.44.78.44 . . . <typesetting materials >A.10.44.83 . . workflow managementA.10.44.87 . . workflowsA.10.56 . commerceA.10.56.3 . . <specific industries  >A.10.56.3.3 . . . book tradeA.10.56.3.3.3 . . . . book auctionsA.10.56.5 . . marketsA.10.67 . employmentA.10.67.14 . . career developmentA.10.67.24 . . careers

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A.10.67.41 . . freelancingA.10.67.53 . . hiringA.10.67.53.5 . . . interviewing (hiring)A.10.67.72 . . promotionA.21 <disciplines >A.21.15 . computer scienceA.21.32 . humanitiesA.21.32.12 . . artsA.21.32.12.5 . . . performing artsA.21.32.12.5.16 . . . . danceA.21.32.12.5.30 . . . . film (performing arts)A.21.32.12.5.47 . . . . musicA.21.32.12.5.59 . . . . opera (performing arts)A.21.32.12.5.77 . . . . theater (performing arts)A.21.32.12.7 . . . visual artsA.21.32.12.7.21 . . . . designA.21.32.12.7.21.10 . . . . . advertising designA.21.32.12.7.21.21 . . . . . book designA.21.32.12.7.21.35 . . . . . graphic designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.15 . . . . . . catalog designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.44 . . . . . . package designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.65 . . . . . . type designA.21.32.12.7.21.35.77 . . . . . . typographyA.21.32.12.7.21.35.77.3 . . . . . . . <typography by style >A.21.32.12.7.21.35.77.3.3 . . . . . . . . avant-garde typographyA.21.32.12.7.21.45 . . . . . industrial designA.21.32.12.7.21.54 . . . . . information designA.21.32.12.7.21.62 . . . . . interaction designA.21.32.12.7.21.64 . . . . . Web designA.21.32.12.7.37 . . . . fine artsA.21.32.12.7.51 . . . . graphic artsA.21.32.12.7.51.5 . . . . . information graphicsA.21.32.32 . . historyA.21.32.32.12 . . . art historyA.21.32.32.32 . . . epigraphyA.21.32.32.55 . . . paleographyA.21.32.32.67 . . . papyrologyA.21.32.46 . . literatureA.21.32.61 . . philosophyA.21.32.61.17 . . . epistemologyA.21.32.61.27 . . . estheticsA.21.32.61.36 . . . ethicsA.21.32.61.51 . . . logicA.21.32.61.61 . . . metaphysicsA.21.32.61.73 . . . phenomenologyA.21.32.73 . . religionA.21.44 . information technologyA.21.64 . sciencesA.21.75 . social sciencesA.21.75.10 . . anthropologyA.21.75.17 . . archeologyA.21.75.26 . . communications (discipline)A.21.75.26.10 . . . advertisingA.21.75.26.10.3 . . . . advertising campaigns

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A.21.75.26.27 . . . broadcastingA.21.75.26.67 . . . public relationsA.21.75.34 . . economicsA.21.75.40 . . education (discipline)A.21.75.48 . . geographyA.21.75.56 . . information scienceA.21.75.56.4 . . . information architectureA.21.75.56.6 . . . library scienceA.21.75.64 . . linguisticsA.21.75.64.50 . . . morphology (linguistics)A.21.75.64.74 . . . semioticsA.21.75.64.74.5 . . . . pragmaticsA.21.75.64.74.7 . . . . semanticsA.21.75.64.74.7.7 . . . . . semasiologyA.21.75.64.74.9 . . . . syntacticsA.21.75.64.76 . . . syntaxA.21.75.81 . . sociologyA.32 <events >A.32.10 . <educational and training events >A.32.10.6 . . seminarsA.32.10.8 . . workshopsA.32.24 . auctionsA.32.39 . conferencesA.32.39.6 . . professional conferencesA.32.55 . exhibitionsA.44 <processes  >A.44.10 . <algorithmic processes  >A.44.10.3 . . collationA.44.20 . <capture processes  >A.44.20.4 . . digitizationA.44.20.4.10 . . . OCRA.44.20.4.57 . . . scanningA.44.20.4.75 . . . tracingA.44.41 . <editing processes >A.44.41.3 . . copyeditingA.44.41.6 . . proofreadingA.44.51 . <production processes  >A.44.51.10 . . <imaging processes >A.44.51.10.10 . . . <digital rendering processes >A.44.51.10.10.11 . . . . alpha compositingA.44.51.10.10.23 . . . . anti-aliasingA.44.51.10.10.42 . . . . ditheringA.44.51.10.10.77 . . . . tweeningA.44.51.10.19 . . . <photomechanical processes >A.44.51.10.19.21 . . . . diffusion-transfer processesA.44.51.10.19.34 . . . . duotone processesA.44.51.10.19.52 . . . . halftone processesA.44.51.10.29 . . . animationA.44.51.10.42 . . . color renderingA.44.51.10.42.10 . . . . absolute colorimetric renderingA.44.51.10.42.52 . . . . perceptual renderingA.44.51.10.42.68 . . . . relative colorimetric renderingA.44.51.10.52 . . . color separationA.44.51.10.77 . . . solarization

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A.44.51.15 . . calibrationA.44.51.20 . . castingA.44.51.25 . . computer-to-plateA.44.51.30 . . etching (production process)A.44.51.35 . . finishing (production process)A.44.51.35.13 . . . binding (production process)A.44.51.35.13.5 . . . . hand bookbindingA.44.51.35.32 . . . embossingA.44.51.35.32.3 . . . . blind embossingA.44.51.35.50 . . . laminationA.44.51.35.63 . . . machine stampingA.44.51.41 . . layout (activity)A.44.51.47 . . paginationA.44.51.52 . . photographic processesA.44.51.52.3 . . . daguerreotypeA.44.51.52.6 . . . photo-mechanical transferA.44.51.57 . . pre-pressA.44.51.61 . . printingA.44.51.61.10 . . . <printing methods  >A.44.51.61.10.11 . . . . block printingA.44.51.61.10.17 . . . . chiaroscuro color printingA.44.51.61.10.22 . . . . collotype printingA.44.51.61.10.28 . . . . continuous tone color printingA.44.51.61.10.34 . . . . electrostatic printingA.44.51.61.10.40 . . . . electrotype processesA.44.51.61.10.46 . . . . four-color processesA.44.51.61.10.52 . . . . intaglioA.44.51.61.10.52.17 . . . . . copperplate printingA.44.51.61.10.52.32 . . . . . engraving (printing process)A.44.51.61.10.52.45 . . . . . flat-plate gravureA.44.51.61.10.52.68 . . . . . photogravureA.44.51.61.10.52.68.5 . . . . . . photoaquatintA.44.51.61.10.52.68.7 . . . . . . rotogravureA.44.51.61.10.60 . . . . photomechanical printing processesA.44.51.61.10.60.3 . . . . . collotypeA.44.51.61.10.66 . . . . planographic printingA.44.51.61.10.66.5 . . . . . lithographyA.44.51.61.10.66.5.17 . . . . . . chromolithographyA.44.51.61.10.66.5.52 . . . . . . photolithographyA.44.51.61.10.66.5.52.6 . . . . . . . offset printingA.44.51.61.10.66.5.70 . . . . . . screenless lithographyA.44.51.61.10.72 . . . . relief printingA.44.51.61.10.72.4 . . . . . letterpress printingA.44.51.61.10.72.4.4 . . . . . . flexographyA.44.51.61.10.72.6 . . . . . pressworkA.44.51.61.10.72.6.4 . . . . . . fine pressworkA.44.51.61.10.78 . . . . screen printingA.44.51.61.10.78.28 . . . . . halftone screen printingA.44.51.61.10.78.59 . . . . . silkscreen printingA.44.51.61.10.78.72 . . . . . stochastic screeningA.44.51.61.10.83 . . . . split fountain overprintingA.44.51.61.29 . . . craft printingA.44.51.61.45 . . . fine printingA.44.51.61.66 . . . on-demand printing

20

A.44.51.66 . . printmakingA.44.51.70 . . production techniquesA.44.51.75 . . registrationA.44.51.80 . . stencilingA.44.51.80.6 . . . pochoirA.44.51.85 . . type foundingA.99 unsorted

21

C. Communication, Information, and Language FacetC.10 <communication interfaces and protocols >C.10.11 . application programming interfacesC.10.20 . Common Gateway InterfaceC.10.36 . communication protocolsC.10.36.4 . . electronic data interchangeC.10.46 . computer communication protocolsC.10.46.10 . . FTPC.10.46.22 . . HTTPC.10.46.34 . . SFTPC.10.57 . computer networksC.15 <communication media >C.15.13 . broadcast mediaC.15.34 . interactive mediaC.15.36 . InternetC.15.57 . mass mediaC.15.59 . World-Wide WebC.21 <data containers >C.21.20 . databasesC.21.20.14 . . bibliographic databasesC.21.20.31 . . contact databasesC.21.20.54 . . image databasesC.21.32 . data filesC.21.44 . data storage mediaC.21.44.10 . . <magnetic storage media >C.21.44.10.4 . . . floppy disksC.21.44.10.6 . . . magnetic tapeC.21.44.22 . . <solid state storage media >C.21.44.22.5 . . . memory cardsC.21.44.62 . . optical storage mediaC.21.44.62.3 . . . CD-ROMsC.21.44.62.5 . . . DVDsC.27 <information forms  >C.27.10 . <representations of data >C.27.10.16 . . control charactersC.27.10.30 . . file formatsC.27.10.30.4 . . . graphics file formatsC.27.10.30.6 . . . <specific file formats  >C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [GIF (file format)  ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [JPEG/JFIF (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [PDF (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [PNG (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [SVG (file format) ]C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [TIFF (file format) ]C.27.10.41 . . formatting codesC.27.10.53 . . hyphenation dictionariesC.27.10.53.4 . . . exception dictionaryC.27.10.55 . . MIME typesC.27.29 . dataC.27.62 . softwareC.27.62.4 . . <software by function >

22

C.27.62.4.37 . . . font editorsC.27.62.4.20 . . . content management systemsC.27.62.4.28 . . . database management systemsC.27.62.4.44 . . . font management softwareC.27.62.4.54 . . . macrosC.27.62.4.63 . . . operating systemsC.27.62.4.71 . . . plug-insC.27.62.4.83 . . . user interfacesC.27.62.4.83.4 . . . . graphical user interfacesC.27.62.9 . . <specific software >C.27.62.9+ . . . [ColorSync (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [DreamWeaver (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [FontLab (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Fontographer (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Freehand (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Illustrator (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [InDesign (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [LaTeX (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Macromedia Flash (software)  ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [MetaFont (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Pagemaker (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Photoshop (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuarkXPress (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Quartz (computer graphics) (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuickDraw (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuickTime (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [GNU/Linux (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Mac OS X (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Microsoft Windows (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [TeX (software) ]C.27.62.9+ . . . [Unix (software) ]C.27.74 . statisticsC.32 <information processing systems >C.32.3 . computer languagesC.32.3.40 . . markup languagesC.32.3.40.20 . . . HTMLC.32.3.40.50 . . . SGMLC.32.3.40.60 . . . XHTMLC.32.3.40.70 . . . XMLC.32.3.50 . . page description languagesC.32.3.50.3 . . . PostScriptC.32.3.50.3.3 . . . . Display PostScriptC.32.3.50.3.5 . . . . EPSC.32.3.60 . . programming languagesC.32.3.60.10 . . . ApplescriptC.32.3.60.22 . . . Java (programming language)C.32.3.60.34 . . . PerlC.32.3.80 . . stylesheet languagesC.32.3.80.3 . . . CSSC.32.5 . information systemsC.38 <representations of identity >C.38.6 . trademarksC.38.8 . visual identityC.38.8.3 . . brands

23

C.38.8.5 . . corporate identityC.44 <representations of language >C.44.13 . charactersC.44.13.10 . . <characters by form >C.44.13.10.20 . . . first-order characterC.44.13.10.31 . . . fullwidth charactersC.44.13.10.42 . . . halfwidth charactersC.44.13.10.62 . . . primary lettersC.44.13.10.75 . . . second-order charactersC.44.13.10.75.38 . . . . ordinalsC.44.13.10.75.61 . . . . subscriptsC.44.13.10.75.73 . . . . superscriptsC.44.13.22 . . <characters by function >C.44.13.22.11 . . . alphanumeric charactersC.44.13.22.11.4 . . . . letters (characters)C.44.13.22.11.4.10 . . . . . <specific letters >C.44.13.22.11.4.10.10 . . . . . . ashC.44.13.22.11.4.10.15 . . . . . . ayinC.44.13.22.11.4.10.21 . . . . . . barred ellC.44.13.22.11.4.10.26 . . . . . . barred ohC.44.13.22.11.4.10.33 . . . . . . dotless iC.44.13.22.11.4.10.38 . . . . . . dotless jC.44.13.22.11.4.10.43 . . . . . . engC.44.13.22.11.4.10.48 . . . . . . eszettC.44.13.22.11.4.10.53 . . . . . . ethC.44.13.22.11.4.10.58 . . . . . . ethelC.44.13.22.11.4.10.64 . . . . . . hamzaC.44.13.22.11.4.10.73 . . . . . . schwaC.44.13.22.11.4.10.79 . . . . . . thornC.44.13.22.11.4.10.85 . . . . . . yoghC.44.13.22.11.4.40 . . . . . lowercase lettersC.44.13.22.11.4.65 . . . . . titlecaseC.44.13.22.11.4.78 . . . . . uppercase lettersC.44.13.22.11.6 . . . . numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.10 . . . . . Arabic-Indic digitsC.44.13.22.11.6.22 . . . . . Arabic numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3 . . . . . . <numerals by form and function >C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.28 . . . . . . . lining numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.43 . . . . . . . oldstyle numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.62 . . . . . . . small cap figuresC.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.76 . . . . . . . titling numeralsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5 . . . . . . fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.13 . . . . . . . case fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.25 . . . . . . . diagonal fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.36 . . . . . . . em fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.48 . . . . . . . horizontal fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.64 . . . . . . . piece fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.77 . . . . . . . solidus fractionsC.44.13.22.11.6.34 . . . . . Roman numeralsC.44.13.22.22 . . . analphabetic charactersC.44.13.22.22.16 . . . . currency symbolsC.44.13.22.22.16.22 . . . . . dollar signC.44.13.22.22.16.24 . . . . . Euro symbolC.44.13.22.22.16.66 . . . . . pound sterling sign

24

C.44.13.22.22.40 . . . . pi charactersC.44.13.22.22.51 . . . . printer’s ornamentsC.44.13.22.22.51.3 . . . . . dingbatsC.44.13.22.22.51.5 . . . . . fleuronsC.44.13.22.22.62 . . . . punctuationC.44.13.22.22.62 . . . . . <specific punctuation characters >C.44.13.22.22.62.16 . . . . . . dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.17 . . . . . . . em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.17.40 . . . . . . . . joining em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.17.72 . . . . . . . . punctuating em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.26 . . . . . . . en dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.53 . . . . . . . non-breaking hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.16.69 . . . . . . . three-em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.16.80 . . . . . . . two-em dashC.44.13.22.22.62.28 . . . . . . ellipsisC.44.13.22.22.62.28.7 . . . . . . . vertical ellipsisC.44.13.22.22.62.33 . . . . . . hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.33.4 . . . . . . . discretionary hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.33.6 . . . . . . . hard hyphenC.44.13.22.22.62.10 . . . . . . ampersandC.44.13.22.22.62.13 . . . . . . angle bracketsC.44.13.22.22.62.17 . . . . . . apostropheC.44.13.22.22.62.20 . . . . . . asteriskC.44.13.22.22.62.23 . . . . . . at signC.44.13.22.22.62.27 . . . . . . bracesC.44.13.22.22.62.31 . . . . . . bracketsC.44.13.22.22.62.34 . . . . . . bulletC.44.13.22.22.62.37 . . . . . . caretC.44.13.22.22.62.41 . . . . . . centered dotC.44.13.22.22.62.44 . . . . . . colonC.44.13.22.22.62.48 . . . . . . commaC.44.13.22.22.62.52 . . . . . . exclamation pointC.44.13.22.22.62.77 . . . . . . section markC.44.13.22.22.62.42 . . . . . . inverted exclamation pointC.44.13.22.22.62.46 . . . . . . inverted question markC.44.13.22.22.62.60 . . . . . . poetry ellipsisC.44.13.22.22.62.81 . . . . . . square bracketsC.44.13.22.22.62.56 . . . . . . hash markC.44.13.22.22.62.61 . . . . . . parenthesesC.44.13.22.22.62.65 . . . . . . percent signC.44.13.22.22.62.68 . . . . . . periodC.44.13.22.22.62.71 . . . . . . pilcrowC.44.13.22.22.62.75 . . . . . . question markC.44.13.22.22.62.79 . . . . . . quotation marksC.44.13.22.22.62.79.3 . . . . . . . <quotation marks by form >C.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.20 . . . . . . . . curly quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.39 . . . . . . . . guillemetsC.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.72 . . . . . . . . straight quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.79.5 . . . . . . . <quotation marks by function >C.44.13.22.22.62.79.5.4 . . . . . . . . double quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.79.5.6 . . . . . . . . single quotesC.44.13.22.22.62.82 . . . . . . semicolonC.44.13.22.22.62.86 . . . . . . slashC.44.13.22.22.62.86.13 . . . . . . . backslash

25

C.44.13.22.22.62.86.38 . . . . . . . fraction barC.44.13.22.22.62.86.77 . . . . . . . virguleC.44.13.22.22.77 . . . . symbols (characters)C.44.13.22.22.77.6 . . . . . phonetic symbolsC.44.13.22.22.77 . . . . . <specific symbols  >C.44.13.22.22.77.12 . . . . . . daggerC.44.13.22.22.77.20 . . . . . . diamondC.44.13.22.22.77.20.5 . . . . . . . lozengeC.44.13.22.22.77.24 . . . . . . double daggerC.44.13.22.22.77.38 . . . . . . infinity symbolC.44.13.22.22.77.55 . . . . . . parallelsC.44.13.22.22.77.64 . . . . . . primeC.44.13.22.22.77.68 . . . . . . printer’s fistC.44.13.22.22.77.86 . . . . . . underscoreC.44.13.22.37 . . . cantillation marksC.44.13.22.51 . . . combining charactersC.44.13.22.51.10 . . . . accent marksC.44.13.22.51.10 . . . . . <specific accent marks >C.44.13.22.51.10.10 . . . . . . acute accentC.44.13.22.51.10.14 . . . . . . breveC.44.13.22.51.10.18 . . . . . . cedillaC.44.13.22.51.10.21 . . . . . . circumflexC.44.13.22.51.10.25 . . . . . . dieresisC.44.13.22.51.10.29 . . . . . . dot aboveC.44.13.22.51.10.33 . . . . . . dot belowC.44.13.22.51.10.36 . . . . . . double acute accentC.44.13.22.51.10.40 . . . . . . grave accentC.44.13.22.51.10.48 . . . . . . hacekC.44.13.22.51.10.51 . . . . . . harakatC.44.13.22.51.10.56 . . . . . . macronC.44.13.22.51.10.59 . . . . . . matraC.44.13.22.51.10.63 . . . . . . nekudotC.44.13.22.51.10.67 . . . . . . ogonekC.44.13.22.51.10.70 . . . . . . overringC.44.13.22.51.10.75 . . . . . . ring (accent mark)C.44.13.22.51.10.79 . . . . . . tildeC.44.13.22.51.10.83 . . . . . . umlautC.44.13.22.51.10.87 . . . . . . viramaC.44.13.22.51.10.70 . . . . . . tonosC.44.13.22.51.10.12 . . . . . . bareiaC.44.13.22.51.10.24 . . . . . . breathing marksC.44.13.22.51.10.24.3 . . . . . . . daseiaC.44.13.22.51.10.24.6 . . . . . . . psiliC.44.13.22.51.10.44 . . . . . . iota subscriptC.44.13.22.51.10.59 . . . . . . oxeiaC.44.13.22.51.10.71 . . . . . . perispomeneC.44.13.22.51.49 . . . . scansion marksC.44.13.22.51.49 . . . . . <specific scansion marks >C.44.13.22.51.49.15 . . . . . . breve (scansion mark)C.44.13.22.51.49.42 . . . . . . ictusC.44.13.22.51.49.58 . . . . . . longumC.44.13.22.51.65 . . . . tone marksC.44.13.22.51.78 . . . . vowel pointsC.44.20 . character sets

26

C.44.20.3 . . <specific character sets >C.44.20.3.10 . . . ASCIIC.44.20.3.16 . . . Big5 (character set encoding)C.44.20.3.22 . . . EBCDICC.44.20.3.32 . . . extended ASCIIC.44.20.3.34 . . . ISCIIC.44.20.3.40 . . . ISO Latin-1C.44.20.3.46 . . . JISC.44.20.3.52 . . . MacRomanC.44.20.3.58 . . . Shift-JISC.44.20.3.64 . . . UCSC.44.20.3.64.3 . . . . UCS-2C.44.20.3.64.5 . . . . UCS-4C.44.20.3.70 . . . UnicodeC.44.20.3.70.3 . . . . Unicode encoding formsC.44.20.3.70.3.10 . . . . . UTF-16C.44.20.3.70.3.21 . . . . . UTF-32C.44.20.3.70.3.32 . . . . . UTF-7C.44.20.3.70.3.44 . . . . . UTF-8C.44.20.5 . . multibyte character setsC.44.32 . glyphsC.44.40 . handwritingC.44.40.5 . . handwriting stylesC.44.40.5.14 . . . calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.10 . . . . Arabic calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.21 . . . . Chinese calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.32 . . . . Hebrew calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.44 . . . . Japanese calligraphyC.44.40.5.14.44.7 . . . . . shoC.44.40.5.29 . . . cursiveC.44.40.5.52 . . . manuscript handsC.44.40.5.52.14 . . . . chancery handC.44.40.5.52.32 . . . . half-uncialC.44.40.5.52.34 . . . . Insular handC.44.40.5.52.62 . . . . printer’s handC.44.40.5.52.78 . . . . uncialC.44.40.5.69 . . . printing (handwriting)C.44.40.5.69.3 . . . . block printing (handwriting)C.44.53 . orthographyC.44.65 . textC.44.65.5 . . plain textC.44.65.7 . . rich textC.44.74 . typefacesC.44.74.18 . . <typefaces by construction >C.44.74.18.21 . . . digital fontsC.44.74.18.21.3 . . . . <digital fonts by form >C.44.74.18.21.3.3 . . . . . bitmap fontsC.44.74.18.21.3.6 . . . . . outline fontsC.44.74.18.21.5 . . . . <digital fonts by format >C.44.74.18.21.5.10 . . . . . Multiple Master fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.21 . . . . . OpenType fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.32 . . . . . PostScript fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.32.3 . . . . . . Type 1 fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.32.5 . . . . . . Type 3 fonts

27

C.44.74.18.21.5.44 . . . . . TrueType fontsC.44.74.18.21.5.44.3 . . . . . . TrueType GX fontsC.44.74.18.52 . . . photographic fontsC.44.74.18.66 . . . press-on letteringC.44.74.27 . . <typefaces by function >C.44.74.27.10 . . . Braille alphabetC.44.74.27.21 . . . decorative typefacesC.44.74.27.28 . . . display typefacesC.44.74.27.36 . . . expert fontsC.44.74.27.45 . . . house fontC.44.74.27.53 . . . job fontsC.44.74.27.64 . . . pi fontsC.44.74.27.75 . . . text fontsC.44.74.27.82 . . . titling typefacesC.44.74.35 . . <typefaces by style >C.44.74.35.10 . . . Aldine typefacesC.44.74.35.12 . . . antique typefacesC.44.74.35.15 . . . blackletterC.44.74.35.15.13 . . . . bastardaC.44.74.35.15.21 . . . . FrakturC.44.74.35.15.60 . . . . rotundaC.44.74.35.15.76 . . . . texturaC.44.74.35.17 . . . brush typefacesC.44.74.35.19 . . . cameo typefacesC.44.74.35.22 . . . clarendon typefacesC.44.74.35.24 . . . Didone typefacesC.44.74.35.26 . . . Dutch Old Style typefacesC.44.74.35.28 . . . Dutch typefacesC.44.74.35.31 . . . fat facesC.44.74.35.33 . . . Fraktur variant typefacesC.44.74.35.35 . . . Garalde typefacesC.44.74.35.38 . . . glyphic typefacesC.44.74.35.41 . . . graphic typefacesC.44.74.35.43 . . . grotesque typefacesC.44.74.35.43.3 . . . . Akzidenz Grotesk typefacesC.44.74.35.45 . . . Humane typefacesC.44.74.35.47 . . . humanist typefacesC.44.74.35.49 . . . Incise typefacesC.44.74.35.51 . . . Latin typefacesC.44.74.35.55 . . . linéale typefacesC.44.74.35.57 . . . Manuaire typefacesC.44.74.35.59 . . . Mécane typefacesC.44.74.35.62 . . . modern typefacesC.44.74.35.64 . . . neogrotesque typefacesC.44.74.35.66 . . . neohumanist typefacesC.44.74.35.69 . . . oldstyle typefacesC.44.74.35.71 . . . Orientale typefacesC.44.74.35.73 . . . Réale typefacesC.44.74.35.76 . . . realist typefacesC.44.74.35.78 . . . Roman typefacesC.44.74.35.80 . . . Schwabacher typefacesC.44.74.35.82 . . . Scotch typefacesC.44.74.35.86 . . . transitional typefacesC.44.74.35.88 . . . Venetian typefaces

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C.44.74.44 . . <typefaces by visual form >C.44.74.44.10 . . . animated typeC.44.74.44.21 . . . elite typeC.44.74.44.28 . . . fixed-width typefacesC.44.74.44.35 . . . geometric typefacesC.44.74.44.47 . . . proportional typefacesC.44.74.44.55 . . . sans-serif typefacesC.44.74.44.61 . . . script typefacesC.44.74.44.68 . . . serif typefacesC.44.74.44.68.7 . . . . slab-serif typefacesC.44.74.44.75 . . . standard-width typefacesC.44.74.44.83 . . . unmodulated typefacesC.44.74.72 . . typeface classificationsC.44.74.72.10 . . . ATypI classificationC.44.74.72.20 . . . British Standards for Type ClassificationC.44.74.72.30 . . . DIN 1658C.44.74.72.41 . . . PANOSE Typeface Matching System (tm)C.44.74.72.51 . . . Vox classificationC.44.74.81 . . type familiesC.44.74.90 . . <specific typefaces  >C.44.74.90+ . . . [Futura (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Baskerville (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bell (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bembo (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bodoni (typeface)  ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Caslon (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Century (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Cheltenham (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Clarendon (typeface)  ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Didot (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Frutiger (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Futura (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Garamond (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Gill Sans (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Goudy (typeface)  ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Helvetica (typeface)  ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Optima (typeface)  ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Palatino (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Plantin (typeface) ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Times (typeface)  ]C.44.74.90+ . . . [Univers (typeface) ]C.44.83 . writing systemsC.44.83.17 . . <writing systems by case distinction >C.44.83.17.3 . . . bicameral writing systemsC.44.83.17.7 . . . unicameral writing systemsC.44.83.25 . . <writing systems by function >C.44.83.25.28 . . . hieroglyphicsC.44.83.25.52 . . . phonetic alphabetsC.44.83.25.69 . . . runesC.44.83.33 . . alphabetsC.44.83.44 . . <consonantal writing systems >C.44.83.44.3 . . . abjadsC.44.83.44.5 . . . abugidasC.44.83.58 . . logographic writing systems

29

C.44.83.66 . . logosyllabariesC.44.83.81 . . syllabariesC.44.90 . <specific writing systems >C.44.90.100 . . Arabic scriptC.44.90.112 . . Aramaic scriptC.44.90.125 . . Armenian alphabetC.44.90.137 . . AsomtavruliC.44.90.150 . . Avestan alphabetC.44.90.162 . . Aztec glyphsC.44.90.175 . . Canadian Aboriginal SyllabicsC.44.90.187 . . Cherokee syllabaryC.44.90.205 . . consonantal writing systemsC.44.90.212 . . Cretan alphabetC.44.90.225 . . Cyrillic alphabetC.44.90.243 . . demotic scriptC.44.90.250 . . DevanagariC.44.90.262 . . Dhives AkuruC.44.90.275 . . Easter Island scriptC.44.90.287 . . Etruscan alphabetC.44.90.300 . . Fraser alphabetC.44.90.312 . . FutharkC.44.90.325 . . Ge’ez (writing system)C.44.90.337 . . GlagoliticC.44.90.350 . . Gothic alphabetC.44.90.362 . . Greek alphabetC.44.90.375 . . HangulC.44.90.387 . . HanziC.44.90.400 . . Hebrew alphabetC.44.90.423 . . hieratic scriptC.44.90.435 . . hiraganaC.44.90.437 . . International Phonetic AlphabetC.44.90.462 . . kanaC.44.90.464 . . kanjiC.44.90.487 . . katakanaC.44.90.489 . . Klingon alphabetC.44.90.500 . . Manchu alphabetC.44.90.512 . . Mandaic scriptC.44.90.525 . . Mayan glyphsC.44.90.537 . . MkhedruliC.44.90.550 . . Mongolian alphabetC.44.90.562 . . Nabatean scriptC.44.90.575 . . NagariC.44.90.587 . . N’ko alphabetC.44.90.600 . . North Semitic alphabetsC.44.90.612 . . Nushu (writing system)C.44.90.641 . . oghamC.44.90.643 . . Old Church Slavonic alphabetC.44.90.650 . . Old Italic alphabetC.44.90.662 . . Old Permic alphabetC.44.90.675 . . OrkhonC.44.90.687 . . Osmanya alphabetC.44.90.700 . . Parthian scriptC.44.90.712 . . Persian scriptC.44.90.725 . . Phoenician alphabet

30

C.44.90.737 . . Psalter scriptC.44.90.750 . . Roman alphabetC.44.90.762 . . Sabaean scriptC.44.90.775 . . Samaritan scriptC.44.90.787 . . Sogdian scriptC.44.90.800 . . South Arabian scriptC.44.90.812 . . Syriac scriptC.44.90.825 . . Tai Lue alphabetC.44.90.837 . . Ugaritic cuneiformC.44.90.850 . . Uralic Phonetic AlphabetC.44.90.862 . . VahC.49 <transformations of information >C.49.14 . code pagesC.49.25 . file compressionC.49.34 . file conversionC.49.43 . font embeddingC.49.55 . media conversionC.49.65 . normalization formsC.49.80 . transliterationC.49.80.15 . . bopomofoC.49.80.53 . . pinyinC.49.80.55 . . Wade-GilesC.55 <visual symbol systems >C.55.25 . iconographic systemsC.55.37 . icons (computer systems)C.55.57 . pictographsC.55.73 . sign systemsC.63 communicationC.63.7 . visual communicationC.63.7.7 . . written communicationC.73 languageC.79 languagesC.79.3 . <language groups >C.79.3.3 . . <specific language families >C.79.3.3.10 . . . Chinese (language family)C.79.3.3.22 . . . Indo-European languagesC.79.3.3.34 . . . Semitic languagesC.79.3.5 . . <specific language groups >C.79.3.5.10 . . . African languagesC.79.3.5.22 . . . Native American languagesC.79.3.5.34 . . . South Asian languagesC.79.9 . <specific languages  >C.79.9+ . . [Arabic (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Greek (language) ]C.79.9+ . . . [Ancient Greek (language) ]C.79.9+ . . . [Modern Greek (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Hindi (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Japanese (language)  ]C.79.9+ . . [Mandarin (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Tamil (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Thai (language) ]C.79.9+ . . [Urdu (language) ]

31

E. Entities FacetE.3 <people >E.3.3 . <people by occupation >E.3.3.10 . . accountantsE.3.3.15 . . art directorsE.3.3.20 . . book collectorsE.3.3.25 . . business managersE.3.3.31 . . designersE.3.3.36 . . editorsE.3.3.36.4 . . . copyeditorsE.3.3.42 . . illustratorsE.3.3.50 . . photographersE.3.3.55 . . printer’s devilsE.3.3.59 . . printers (people)E.3.3.64 . . printmakersE.3.3.69 . . proofreadersE.3.3.74 . . punchcuttersE.3.3.79 . . scribesE.3.3.85 . . typographersE.3.3.85.43 . . . type designersE.3.3.85.54 . . . type directorsE.3.3.85.65 . . . typesetters (people)E.3.3.85.77 . . . typographical designersE.3.5 . <people by relationship >E.3.5.16 . . clientsE.3.5.28 . . consultantsE.3.5.43 . . employeesE.3.5.78 . . usersE.5 organizationsE.5.13 . associationsE.5.13.3 . . <associations by function >E.5.13.3.12 . . . book clubsE.5.13.3.29 . . . guildsE.5.13.3.65 . . . professional associationsE.5.13.3.79 . . . trade unionsE.5.13.5 . . <specific associations >E.5.13.5.3 . . . American Association of Arts and IndustriesE.5.28 . businessesE.5.28.10 . . <businesses by function >E.5.28.10.10 . . . advertising agenciesE.5.28.10.19 . . . bookbindersE.5.28.10.27 . . . collection agenciesE.5.28.10.43 . . . pressesE.5.28.10.43.16 . . . . commercial printersE.5.28.10.43.33 . . . . fine pressesE.5.28.10.43.62 . . . . small pressesE.5.28.10.43.77 . . . . university pressesE.5.28.10.50 . . . printers (businesses)E.5.28.10.57 . . . print shopsE.5.28.10.65 . . . publishersE.5.28.10.65.3 . . . . commercial publishers

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E.5.28.10.73 . . . service bureausE.5.28.10.82 . . . typefoundriesE.5.28.10.82.4 . . . . digital foundriesE.5.28.21 . . <businesses by size >E.5.28.21.7 . . . small businessesE.5.28.37 . . business venturesE.5.28.37.4 . . . joint venturesE.5.28.37.6 . . . partnershipsE.5.28.51 . . companiesE.5.28.51.5 . . . corporationsE.5.28.51.5.6 . . . . non-profit corporationsE.5.55 . institutionsE.5.55.4 . . foundations

33

L. Places FacetL.41 librariesL.52 museumsL.60 schoolsL.60.10 . <schools by education level >L.60.10.10 . . <colleges and universities >L.60.10.10.3 . . . collegesL.60.10.10.3.3 . . . . community collegesL.60.10.10.3.5 . . . . junior collegesL.60.10.10.7 . . . universitiesL.60.10.29 . . elementary schoolsL.60.10.42 . . high schoolsL.60.10.55 . . junior high schoolsL.60.10.68 . . middle schoolsL.60.22 . <schools by ownership >L.60.22.5 . . private schoolsL.60.22.7 . . public schoolsL.60.34 . <schools by subject >L.60.34.13 . . art schoolsL.60.34.28 . . business schoolsL.60.34.77 . . vocational schoolsL.80 workplacesL.80.4 . home officesL.80.6 . studios

35

O. Objects and Materials FacetO.3 <objects >O.3.3 . <objects by form >O.3.3.10 . . SammelbandO.3.3.59 . . sorts (type)O.3.3.73 . . surfacesO.3.3.73.10 . . . acetateO.3.3.73.21 . . . canvasO.3.3.73.30 . . . cardboardO.3.3.73.42 . . . fabricO.3.3.73.58 . . . paperO.3.3.73.58.10 . . . . <paper folds >O.3.3.73.58.10.10 . . . . . accordion foldsO.3.3.73.58.10.30 . . . . . concertina foldsO.3.3.73.58.10.49 . . . . . flutter foldsO.3.3.73.58.20 . . . . <paper products >O.3.3.73.58.20.4 . . . . . envelopesO.3.3.73.58.30 . . . . <paper properties >O.3.3.73.58.30.4 . . . . . grainO.3.3.73.58.30.7 . . . . . watermarksO.3.3.73.58.41 . . . . <paper types  >O.3.3.73.58.41.3 . . . . . <paper types by form >O.3.3.73.58.41.3.10 . . . . . . acid-free paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.14 . . . . . . antique paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.19 . . . . . . bank paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.23 . . . . . . bark paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.27 . . . . . . bond paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.32 . . . . . . buffered paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.36 . . . . . . cartridge paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.41 . . . . . . coated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.41.3 . . . . . . . cast-coated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.41.5 . . . . . . . machine-coated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.48 . . . . . . laid paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.52 . . . . . . machine-finished paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.57 . . . . . . machine-glazed paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.63 . . . . . . rag paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.67 . . . . . . recycled paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.72 . . . . . . shaped paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.77 . . . . . . uncoated paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.82 . . . . . . vellumO.3.3.73.58.41.3.82.5 . . . . . . . limp vellumO.3.3.73.58.41.3.86 . . . . . . wove paperO.3.3.73.58.41.3.86.3 . . . . . . . antique wove paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5 . . . . . <paper types by function >O.3.3.73.58.41.5.13 . . . . . . art paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5.32 . . . . . . decorative paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5.32.5 . . . . . . . marbled paperO.3.3.73.58.41.5.66 . . . . . . printing paperO.3.3.73.58.51 . . . . <quantities of paper  >O.3.3.73.58.51.5 . . . . . quiresO.3.3.73.58.51.7 . . . . . reams

36

O.3.3.73.66 . . . paperboardO.3.3.73.75 . . . parchmentO.3.5 . <objects by function >O.3.5.10 . . <instruments  >O.3.5.10.10 . . . <calibrating instuments >O.3.5.10.10.4 . . . . grayscaleO.3.5.10.21 . . . <marking instruments >O.3.5.10.21.10 . . . . airbrushO.3.5.10.21.17 . . . . brushesO.3.5.10.21.24 . . . . colorimeterO.3.5.10.21.31 . . . . crayonsO.3.5.10.21.42 . . . . markersO.3.5.10.21.49 . . . . palette knivesO.3.5.10.21.55 . . . . pencilsO.3.5.10.21.61 . . . . pensO.3.5.10.21.61.6 . . . . . quill pensO.3.5.10.21.70 . . . . stencilsO.3.5.10.21.76 . . . . styliO.3.5.10.21.84 . . . . writing implementsO.3.5.10.32 . . . <measuring instruments  >O.3.5.10.32.15 . . . . densitometersO.3.5.10.32.29 . . . . line gaugesO.3.5.10.32.38 . . . . loupesO.3.5.10.32.47 . . . . microdensitometersO.3.5.10.32.62 . . . . spectrophotometersO.3.5.10.32.70 . . . . spectroradiometersO.3.5.10.32.81 . . . . type gaugesO.3.5.10.44 . . . <recording instruments  >O.3.5.10.44.3 . . . . camerasO.3.5.10.44.3.3 . . . . . digital camerasO.3.5.10.44.3.7 . . . . . video camerasO.3.5.10.44.6 . . . . pantographsO.3.5.21 . . <parts of a book >O.3.5.21.11 . . . binding (objects)O.3.5.21.11.3 . . . . <bindings by form >O.3.5.21.11.3.14 . . . . . comb bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.32 . . . . . loose-leaf bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.45 . . . . . perfect bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.57 . . . . . saddle-stitch bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.67 . . . . . section-sewn bindingO.3.5.21.11.3.77 . . . . . side-stitch bindingO.3.5.21.18 . . . coverO.3.5.21.24 . . . book jacketO.3.5.21.35 . . . fore edgeO.3.5.21.41 . . . front edgeO.3.5.21.49 . . . hingeO.3.5.21.56 . . . jointO.3.5.21.68 . . . signaturesO.3.5.21.75 . . . spineO.3.5.21.75.3 . . . . concertina spineO.3.5.21.82 . . . text blockO.3.5.44 . . equipmentO.3.5.44.15 . . . computer hardwareO.3.5.44.15.3 . . . . computer peripherals

37

O.3.5.44.15.3.3 . . . . . data storage devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.20 . . . . . . floppy drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.32 . . . . . . hard drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.47 . . . . . . memory devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.47.3 . . . . . . . RAMO.3.5.44.15.3.3.59 . . . . . . optical drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.59.3 . . . . . . . CD-ROM drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.59.5 . . . . . . . DVD drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.75 . . . . . . solid-state drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.3.75.4 . . . . . . . flash drivesO.3.5.44.15.3.5 . . . . . I/O devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.5.18 . . . . . . computer terminalsO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43 . . . . . . input devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.21 . . . . . . . graphics tabletsO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.34 . . . . . . . keyboardsO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.47 . . . . . . . miceO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74 . . . . . . . scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.16 . . . . . . . . desktop scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.26 . . . . . . . . drum scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.37 . . . . . . . . flatbed scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.50 . . . . . . . . large format scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.67 . . . . . . . . sheetfed scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.77 . . . . . . . . slide scannersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62 . . . . . . output devicesO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.15 . . . . . . . computer displaysO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.20 . . . . . . . CRTO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.30 . . . . . . . LCDO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.61 . . . . . . . plottersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72 . . . . . . . printers (computer peripherals)O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10 . . . . . . . . <printers by chromaticity >O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.14 . . . . . . . . . black and white printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.30 . . . . . . . . . color printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.51 . . . . . . . . . grayscale printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22 . . . . . . . . <printers by function >O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22.4 . . . . . . . . . large format printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22.6 . . . . . . . . . on-demand printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34 . . . . . . . . <printers by method >O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.13 . . . . . . . . . bubblejet printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.26 . . . . . . . . . dot-matrix printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.35 . . . . . . . . . dye-dublimation printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.49 . . . . . . . . . inkjet printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.60 . . . . . . . . . laser printersO.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.79 . . . . . . . . . thermal-transfer printersO.3.5.44.15.5 . . . . computersO.3.5.44.15.5.29 . . . . . mainframe computersO.3.5.44.15.5.41 . . . . . minicomputersO.3.5.44.15.5.56 . . . . . personal computersO.3.5.44.15.5.56.3 . . . . . . desktop computersO.3.5.44.15.5.56.5 . . . . . . laptopsO.3.5.44.15.5.79 . . . . . workstations (computers)O.3.5.44.36 . . . machinesO.3.5.44.51 . . . printing equipmentO.3.5.44.51.17 . . . . digital prooofersO.3.5.44.51.29 . . . . electrophotographic printers

38

O.3.5.44.51.43 . . . . imagesettersO.3.5.44.51.43.3 . . . . . capstan imagesettersO.3.5.44.51.62 . . . . printing platesO.3.5.44.51.62.6 . . . . . phototypesO.3.5.44.51.72 . . . . printing pressesO.3.5.44.66 . . . suppliesO.3.5.44.66.6 . . . . office suppliesO.3.5.44.78 . . . typesetting equipmentO.3.5.44.78.14 . . . . chaseO.3.5.44.78.28 . . . . furniture (typesetting instruments)O.3.5.44.78.47 . . . . quoinsO.3.5.44.78.58 . . . . spacebandsO.3.5.44.78.70 . . . . type casesO.3.5.44.78.80 . . . . typesetters (equipment)O.3.5.44.78.80.4 . . . . . linecastersO.3.5.44.78.80.4.3 . . . . . . Linotype (typesetting equipment)O.3.5.44.78.80.6 . . . . . Monotype (typesetting equipment)O.3.5.77 . . type (objects)O.3.5.77.10 . . . <parts of a unit of type  >O.3.5.77.10.11 . . . . beard (type)O.3.5.77.10.21 . . . . face (type)O.3.5.77.10.28 . . . . foot (type)O.3.5.77.10.35 . . . . front (type)O.3.5.77.10.42 . . . . head (type)O.3.5.77.10.51 . . . . matrix (type)O.3.5.77.10.58 . . . . nick (type)O.3.5.77.10.66 . . . . pin markO.3.5.77.10.75 . . . . shank (type)O.3.5.77.10.81 . . . . shoulder (type)O.3.5.77.22 . . . <type by form >O.3.5.77.22.14 . . . . block typeO.3.5.77.22.41 . . . . metal typeO.3.5.77.22.53 . . . . moveable typeO.3.5.77.22.79 . . . . wood typeO.3.5.77.50 . . . foundry typeO.5 materialsO.5.22 . dyesO.5.43 . inkO.5.63 . paintsO.5.63.10 . . acrylic paintsO.5.63.50 . . oil paintsO.5.63.78 . . watercolorsO.9 unsorted

39

P. Properties and Concepts FacetP.3 <concepts >P.3.10 . <financial concepts >P.3.10.10 . . <financial balance measures  >P.3.10.10.13 . . . assetsP.3.10.10.13.3 . . . . accounts receivableP.3.10.10.36 . . . equityP.3.10.10.57 . . . liabilitiesP.3.10.10.57.3 . . . . accounts payableP.3.10.10.57.5 . . . . debtsP.3.10.31 . . capital (money)P.3.10.33 . . expensesP.3.10.33.14 . . . educational expensesP.3.10.33.20 . . . entertainment expensesP.3.10.33.28 . . . insuranceP.3.10.33.36 . . . mortgagesP.3.10.33.43 . . . overheadP.3.10.33.51 . . . rentP.3.10.33.57 . . . salariesP.3.10.33.64 . . . shipping expensesP.3.10.33.71 . . . taxesP.3.10.33.71.16 . . . . corporate taxesP.3.10.33.71.29 . . . . estimated tax paymentsP.3.10.33.71.44 . . . . income taxesP.3.10.33.71.64 . . . . self-employment taxP.3.10.33.71.77 . . . . tax deductionsP.3.10.33.77 . . . transportation expensesP.3.10.33.83 . . . travel expensesP.3.10.49 . . incomeP.3.10.49.6 . . . royaltiesP.3.10.59 . . pricesP.3.10.69 . . profitsP.3.22 . <legal concepts >P.3.22.10 . . <intellectual property law >P.3.22.10.16 . . . copyrightP.3.22.10.16.4 . . . . fair useP.3.22.10.34 . . . intellectual propertyP.3.22.10.46 . . . licensesP.3.22.10.60 . . . patentsP.3.22.10.78 . . . trademark lawP.3.22.45 . . lawsP.3.22.70 . . malpracticeP.3.34 . <mathematical concepts  >P.3.34.3 . . algorithmsP.3.34.3.4 . . . fractalsP.3.34.5 . . geometryP.5 <properties  >P.5.10 . <measures of ability  >P.5.10.26 . . information literacyP.5.10.40 . . literacyP.5.10.52 . . media literacy

40

P.5.10.78 . . visual literacyP.5.18 . <production properties  >P.5.18.6 . . resolutionP.5.18.6.6 . . . output resolutionP.5.27 . <properties of color and brightness >P.5.27.3 . . color (chromaticity)P.5.27.3.10 . . . <color by function >P.5.27.3.10.37 . . . . nonrepro blueP.5.27.3.10.54 . . . . process colorP.5.27.3.10.72 . . . . spot colorP.5.27.3.22 . . . chromaP.5.27.3.30 . . . chromaticity coordinatesP.5.27.3.39 . . . color managementP.5.27.3.39.18 . . . . color calibrationP.5.27.3.39.30 . . . . colorimetryP.5.27.3.39.42 . . . . color matchingP.5.27.3.48 . . . color modelsP.5.27.3.48.3 . . . . CMYKP.5.27.3.48.5 . . . . RGBP.5.27.3.56 . . . color spacesP.5.27.3.56.10 . . . . Adobe RGBP.5.27.3.56.20 . . . . CIELabP.5.27.3.56.30 . . . . CIE XYZP.5.27.3.56.41 . . . . PantoneP.5.27.3.56.74 . . . . sRGBP.5.27.3.65 . . . color synthesisP.5.27.3.65.3 . . . . additive color synthesisP.5.27.3.65.6 . . . . subtractive color synthesisP.5.27.3.80 . . . paletteP.5.27.5 . . gradientsP.5.35 . <properties of layout  >P.5.35.10 . . <properties of running text >P.5.35.10.13 . . . densityP.5.35.10.21 . . . fitP.5.35.10.21.3 . . . . closed upP.5.35.10.21.5 . . . . French spacingP.5.35.10.30 . . . intercharacter spaceP.5.35.10.30.4 . . . . kerningP.5.35.10.30.4.3 . . . . . automatic kerningP.5.35.10.30.4.5 . . . . . manual kerningP.5.35.10.30.4.7 . . . . . optical kerningP.5.35.10.30.6 . . . . letterspacingP.5.35.10.37 . . . legibilityP.5.35.10.45 . . . open spacingP.5.35.10.54 . . . readabilityP.5.35.10.63 . . . text directionP.5.35.10.69 . . . texture (typesetting)P.5.35.10.76 . . . trackingP.5.35.10.84 . . . writing directionP.5.35.10.84.13 . . . . bidirectional (writing direction)P.5.35.10.84.23 . . . . boustrophedonP.5.35.10.84.45 . . . . left-to-right (writing direction)P.5.35.10.84.63 . . . . right-to-left (writing direction)P.5.35.10.84.78 . . . . top-to-bottom (writing direction)

41

P.5.35.20 . . alignmentP.5.35.20.14 . . . base alignmentP.5.35.20.32 . . . decimal alignmentP.5.35.20.71 . . . skewP.5.35.17 . . character protrusionP.5.35.39 . . hyphenation and justificationP.5.35.39.25 . . . hyphenationP.5.35.39.25.6 . . . . ranked hyphenationP.5.35.39.38 . . . justificationP.5.35.39.38.4 . . . . linesettingsP.5.35.39.38.4.15 . . . . . centeredP.5.35.39.38.4.38 . . . . . justifiedP.5.35.39.38.4.38.4 . . . . . . force-justifiedP.5.35.39.38.4.70 . . . . . raggedP.5.35.39.38.4.70.43 . . . . . . ragged leftP.5.35.39.38.4.70.55 . . . . . . ragged rightP.5.35.39.38.4.70.78 . . . . . . wild ragP.5.35.39.38.7 . . . . vertical justificationP.5.35.39.51 . . . line breakingP.5.35.39.77 . . . truncated settingP.5.35.50 . . leadingP.5.35.55 . . optical alignmentP.5.35.77 . . settings (typography)P.5.35.77.6 . . . set solidP.5.35.77.8 . . . solid setP.5.44 . <properties of text >P.5.44.10 . . <properties of typefaces  >P.5.44.10.11 . . . axisP.5.44.10.18 . . . biasP.5.44.10.26 . . . color (type)P.5.44.10.32 . . . contrast (type)P.5.44.10.42 . . . hinting (digital fonts)P.5.44.10.51 . . . modulationP.5.44.10.62 . . . slopeP.5.44.10.69 . . . stanceP.5.44.10.76 . . . type stylesP.5.44.10.76.10 . . . . <type styles by  >P.5.44.10.76.10.3 . . . . . asymmetric typeP.5.44.10.76.10.7 . . . . . three-dimensional typeP.5.44.10.76.20 . . . . <type styles by density >P.5.44.10.76.20.18 . . . . . compressedP.5.44.10.76.20.30 . . . . . condensedP.5.44.10.76.20.48 . . . . . expandedP.5.44.10.76.30 . . . . <type styles by inclination >P.5.44.10.76.30.13 . . . . . backslantedP.5.44.10.76.30.49 . . . . . obliqueP.5.44.10.76.30.49.5 . . . . . . machine italicsP.5.44.10.76.30.77 . . . . . uprightP.5.44.10.76.41 . . . . <type styles by weight >P.5.44.10.76.41.12 . . . . . blackP.5.44.10.76.41.21 . . . . . boldP.5.44.10.76.41.29 . . . . . book weightP.5.44.10.76.41.42 . . . . . extra boldP.5.44.10.76.41.55 . . . . . light

42

P.5.44.10.76.41.68 . . . . . regularP.5.44.10.76.41.78 . . . . . semiboldP.5.44.10.76.56 . . . . character stylesP.5.44.10.76.56.20 . . . . . inlineP.5.44.10.76.56.28 . . . . . italicsP.5.44.10.76.56.40 . . . . . outlineP.5.44.10.76.56.49 . . . . . overstrikeP.5.44.10.76.56.60 . . . . . reverseP.5.44.10.76.56.70 . . . . . shadowP.5.44.10.76.56.78 . . . . . shadow lettersP.5.44.10.84 . . . weightP.5.44.26 . . capitalizationP.5.44.26.28 . . . headline styleP.5.44.26.43 . . . inner capsP.5.44.26.70 . . . sentence-style capitalizationP.5.44.56 . . paragraph stylesP.5.44.76 . . tight ragP.5.64 . measuresP.5.64.10 . . <measures of other physical properties >P.5.64.10.4 . . . kappa numberP.5.64.10.6 . . . tear indexP.5.64.20 . . <measures of quality >P.5.64.20.5 . . . print qualityP.5.64.20.7 . . . utilityP.5.64.30 . . <measures of visible light  >P.5.64.30.13 . . . brightnessP.5.64.30.26 . . . copy keyP.5.64.30.41 . . . gammaP.5.64.30.51 . . . gamutP.5.64.30.67 . . . luminosityP.5.64.41 . . <ratios >P.5.64.41.4 . . . golden sectionP.5.64.59 . . dimensionsP.5.64.59.10 . . . <absolute measurements >P.5.64.59.10.10 . . . . <point systems >P.5.64.59.10.10.3 . . . . . Anglo-American Point SystemP.5.64.59.10.10.5 . . . . . Didot Point SystemP.5.64.59.10.26 . . . . caliper (measure)P.5.64.59.10.39 . . . . column inchesP.5.64.59.10.77 . . . . trim (measure)P.5.64.59.10.77.26 . . . . . foot trimP.5.64.59.10.77.52 . . . . . head trimP.5.64.59.17 . . . <relative measurements >P.5.64.59.17.10 . . . . <type dimensions >P.5.64.59.17.10.10 . . . . . agateP.5.64.59.17.10.15 . . . . . alphabet lengthP.5.64.59.17.10.20 . . . . . cap heightP.5.64.59.17.10.25 . . . . . ciceroP.5.64.59.17.10.31 . . . . . emP.5.64.59.17.10.36 . . . . . enP.5.64.59.17.10.41 . . . . . escapementP.5.64.59.17.10.46 . . . . . font metricsP.5.64.59.17.10.54 . . . . . pica (type dimensions)P.5.64.59.17.10.59 . . . . . point

43

P.5.64.59.17.10.59.10 . . . . . . American pointP.5.64.59.17.10.59.20 . . . . . . Anglo-American pointP.5.64.59.17.10.59.30 . . . . . . Didot pointsP.5.64.59.17.10.59.41 . . . . . . PostScript pointP.5.64.59.17.10.59.72 . . . . . . printer’s pointP.5.64.59.17.10.65 . . . . . set widthP.5.64.59.17.10.70 . . . . . side-bearingP.5.64.59.17.10.76 . . . . . type measureP.5.64.59.17.10.80 . . . . . type sizeP.5.64.59.17.10.86 . . . . . x-heightP.5.64.59.17.21 . . . . agate lineP.5.64.59.17.35 . . . . characters per picaP.5.64.59.17.56 . . . . machine unitP.5.64.59.17.68 . . . . moduleP.5.64.59.26 . . . appearing sizeP.5.64.59.38 . . . dot gainP.5.64.59.46 . . . dots per inchP.5.64.59.61 . . . pixels per inchP.5.64.59.73 . . . text sizesP.5.64.59.73.3 . . . . composition sizeP.5.64.59.73.5 . . . . display sizeP.5.64.59.82 . . . type-heightP.5.81 . type effectsP.5.81.15 . . blurred typeP.5.81.32 . . degraded typeP.5.81.60 . . multicolored typeP.9 unsorted

45

S. Styles and Periods FacetS.3 <styles by period >S.3.10 . ancientS.3.15 . prehistoricS.3.20 . Pre-ColumbianS.3.30 . Stone AgeS.3.40 . Iron AgeS.3.50 . Bronze AgeS.3.60 . Dark AgesS.3.70 . RenaissanceS.3.70.3 . . French RenaissanceS.3.70.5 . . Italian RenaissanceS.3.80 . Middle AgesS.3.90 . ModernS.3.90.3 . . <nineteenth and twentieth century styles >S.3.90.3.10 . . . <early to mid nineteenth century styles >S.3.90.3.10.3 . . . . VictorianS.3.90.3.22 . . . <late nineteenth and early twentieth century styles >S.3.90.3.22.10 . . . . Art DecoS.3.90.3.22.12 . . . . Art NouveauS.3.90.3.22.15 . . . . Arts and Crafts MovementS.3.90.3.22.18 . . . . belle époqueS.3.90.3.22.21 . . . . CubistS.3.90.3.22.23 . . . . DadaS.3.90.3.22.26 . . . . De StijlS.3.90.3.22.29 . . . . ExpressionistS.3.90.3.22.32 . . . . FauvistS.3.90.3.22.37 . . . . fin de siècleS.3.90.3.22.39 . . . . fine press movementS.3.90.3.22.41 . . . . FuturistS.3.90.3.22.43 . . . . ImpressionistS.3.90.3.22.46 . . . . JugendstilS.3.90.3.22.48 . . . . ModernistS.3.90.3.22.51 . . . . NeoclassicalS.3.90.3.22.54 . . . . Neo-RomanticistS.3.90.3.22.57 . . . . PictorialistS.3.90.3.22.60 . . . . PlakatstilS.3.90.3.22.62 . . . . Post-ImpressionistS.3.90.3.22.65 . . . . PrimitivistS.3.90.3.22.68 . . . . Private Press MovementS.3.90.3.22.71 . . . . RealistS.3.90.3.22.73 . . . . RomanticistS.3.90.3.22.76 . . . . SymbolistS.3.90.3.22.79 . . . . Vienna SecessionS.3.90.3.22.82 . . . . VorticistS.3.90.3.34 . . . <mid– to late–twentieth century styles >S.3.90.3.34.10 . . . . Abstract ExpressionistS.3.90.3.34.14 . . . . BauhausS.3.90.3.34.18 . . . . Color-fieldS.3.90.3.34.23 . . . . ConstructivistS.3.90.3.34.27 . . . . International Typographic Style

46

S.3.90.3.34.32 . . . . Magic RealistS.3.90.3.34.36 . . . . New Typography movementS.3.90.3.34.41 . . . . Op artS.3.90.3.34.45 . . . . PhotorealistS.3.90.3.34.50 . . . . Pop ArtS.3.90.3.34.54 . . . . PostmodernS.3.90.3.34.58 . . . . PsychedelicS.3.90.3.34.63 . . . . PunkS.3.90.3.34.67 . . . . Russian ConstructivistS.3.90.3.34.72 . . . . Socialist RealistS.3.90.3.34.76 . . . . SurrealistS.3.90.5 . . <pre-nineteenth century styles >S.5 <styles by region >S.5.10 . <styles of Oceania and Australia >S.5.10.3 . . Australian aboriginalS.5.18 . <styles of the Americas  >S.5.18.10 . . Central AmericanS.5.18.21 . . Latin AmericanS.5.18.32 . . North AmericanS.5.18.44 . . South AmericanS.5.27 . AfricanS.5.27.3 . . North AfricanS.5.27.5 . . Sub-Saharan AfricanS.5.35 . AsianS.5.35.3 . . Chinese (style)S.5.35.5 . . Japanese (style)S.5.35.5.3 . . . Ukiyo-eS.5.44 . EuropeanS.5.44.10 . . Dutch (style)S.5.44.19 . . English (style)S.5.44.28 . . French (style)S.5.44.38 . . German (style)S.5.44.47 . . Italian (style)S.5.44.56 . . Spanish (style)S.5.52 . MediterraneanS.5.61 . Near EasternS.5.61.3 . . Persian

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V. Visual Elements FacetV.10 <dimensional elements >V.10.15 . extra leadV.10.25 . negative leadingV.10.32 . negative letterspacingV.10.42 . sinkV.10.49 . spreadV.10.56 . textblockV.10.63 . text pageV.10.70 . type pageV.10.84 . whitespaceV.10.84.7 . . spaceV.10.84.3 . . <whitespace by dimensions >V.10.84.3.15 . . . em spaceV.10.84.3.23 . . . en spaceV.10.84.3.32 . . . figure spaceV.10.84.3.40 . . . hair spaceV.10.84.3.51 . . . mid spaceV.10.84.3.62 . . . quadV.10.84.3.73 . . . thick spaceV.10.84.3.81 . . . thin spaceV.10.84.5 . . <whitespace by function >V.10.84.5.13 . . . character spaceV.10.84.5.13.4 . . . . ditchesV.10.84.5.24 . . . flush spaceV.10.84.5.34 . . . indentsV.10.84.5.34.13 . . . . box indentsV.10.84.5.34.29 . . . . hanging indentsV.10.84.5.34.40 . . . . indent on pointV.10.84.5.34.54 . . . . paragraph indentsV.10.84.5.34.66 . . . . relative indentsV.10.84.5.34.76 . . . . running indentsV.10.84.5.43 . . . line spaceV.10.84.5.64 . . . space-afterV.10.84.5.72 . . . space-beforeV.10.84.5.83 . . . word spaceV.10.84.5.83.5 . . . . non-breaking spaceV.19 <nontextual elements >V.19.10 . <nontextual elements by form >V.19.10.14 . . dot leadersV.19.10.21 . . fiducial boxV.19.10.28 . . filigreeV.19.10.35 . . geometric figuresV.19.10.35.10 . . . <geometric plane figures  >V.19.10.35.10.12 . . . . curvesV.19.10.35.10.12.3 . . . . . French curvesV.19.10.35.10.18 . . . . decagonsV.19.10.35.10.24 . . . . dodecagonsV.19.10.35.10.30 . . . . ellipsesV.19.10.35.10.30.3 . . . . . circlesV.19.10.35.10.38 . . . . hexagons

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V.19.10.35.10.44 . . . . hyperbolasV.19.10.35.10.52 . . . . octagonsV.19.10.35.10.58 . . . . ovalsV.19.10.35.10.63 . . . . parabolasV.19.10.35.10.69 . . . . pentagonsV.19.10.35.10.75 . . . . polygonsV.19.10.35.10.75.43 . . . . . quadrilateralsV.19.10.35.10.75.43.39 . . . . . . parallelogramsV.19.10.35.10.75.43.56 . . . . . . rectanglesV.19.10.35.10.75.43.56.7 . . . . . . . squaresV.19.10.35.10.75.43.69 . . . . . . rhombusesV.19.10.35.10.75.63 . . . . . trapezoidsV.19.10.35.10.75.75 . . . . . trianglesV.19.10.35.10.84 . . . . trapeziumsV.19.10.35.20 . . . <geometric solids  >V.19.10.35.20.15 . . . . conesV.19.10.35.20.27 . . . . cylindersV.19.10.35.20.42 . . . . hemispheresV.19.10.35.20.61 . . . . polyhedraV.19.10.35.20.61.20 . . . . . cubesV.19.10.35.20.61.55 . . . . . pyramids (geometric figures)V.19.10.35.20.61.74 . . . . . tetrahedronsV.19.10.35.20.76 . . . . spheresV.19.10.35.46 . . . lines (geometry)V.19.10.35.61 . . . planes (geometry)V.19.10.35.76 . . . spiralsV.19.10.43 . . imagesV.19.10.43.15 . . . computer generated imagesV.19.10.43.26 . . . continuous-tone artV.19.10.43.42 . . . grayscale imagesV.19.10.43.63 . . . raster imagesV.19.10.43.77 . . . thumbnailsV.19.10.50 . . line artV.19.10.59 . . patternsV.19.10.68 . . rulesV.19.10.68.3 . . . <rules by form >V.19.10.68.3.15 . . . . dashed rulesV.19.10.68.3.24 . . . . double rulesV.19.10.68.3.24.3 . . . . . French rulesV.19.10.68.3.35 . . . . hairline rulesV.19.10.68.3.44 . . . . horizontal rulesV.19.10.68.3.62 . . . . straddle rulesV.19.10.68.3.71 . . . . tapered rulesV.19.10.68.3.81 . . . . vertical rulesV.19.10.68.5 . . . <rules by function >V.19.10.68.5.14 . . . . box rulesV.19.10.68.5.35 . . . . head rulesV.19.10.68.5.60 . . . . rule fillsV.19.10.68.5.75 . . . . tail rulesV.19.10.75 . . silhouettesV.19.10.83 . . vector drawingsV.19.21 . <nontextual elements by function >V.19.21.11 . . bluelinesV.19.21.17 . . callouts

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V.19.21.21 . . change marksV.19.21.21.3 . . . change barsV.19.21.24 . . decorative elementsV.19.21.24.13 . . . bevelsV.19.21.24.23 . . . bordersV.19.21.24.35 . . . cartouchesV.19.21.24.49 . . . drop-shadowsV.19.21.24.69 . . . ornamentsV.19.21.24.69.4 . . . . flourishesV.19.21.30 . . end marksV.19.21.37 . . galleriesV.19.21.44 . . illustrations (visual elements)V.19.21.44.4 . . . figures (illustrations)V.19.21.44.4.3 . . . . <figures by function >V.19.21.44.4.3.14 . . . . . chartsV.19.21.44.4.3.14.5 . . . . . . organizational chartsV.19.21.44.4.3.14.7 . . . . . . pie chartsV.19.21.44.4.3.27 . . . . . diagramsV.19.21.44.4.3.41 . . . . . flowchartsV.19.21.44.4.3.52 . . . . . graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.52.14 . . . . . . bar graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.52.45 . . . . . . line graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.52.69 . . . . . . scatter graphsV.19.21.44.4.3.67 . . . . . mathematical equationsV.19.21.44.6 . . . plates (pages)V.19.21.50 . . keysV.19.21.58 . . position printsV.19.21.64 . . printer’s marksV.19.21.70 . . proofmarksV.19.21.70.6 . . . printer’s queryV.19.21.78 . . tablesV.19.21.85 . . windows (visual elements)V.19.32 . <nontextual elements by position >V.19.32.15 . . centerpiecesV.19.32.28 . . cornerpiecesV.19.32.47 . . headpiecesV.19.32.75 . . tailpiecesV.19.44 . <parts of nontextual elements >V.19.44.10 . . Bézier curvesV.19.44.39 . . paths (computer graphics)V.19.44.50 . . pixelsV.19.44.65 . . splinesV.19.44.65.20 . . . cubic splinesV.19.44.65.49 . . . nurbsV.19.44.65.67 . . . quadratic splinesV.19.44.76 . . subpixelsV.28 <page elements  >V.28.11 . bleedV.28.11.4 . . full-color bleedV.28.15 . blocksV.28.20 . body textV.28.25 . chapter titlesV.28.34 . knockoutsV.28.39 . marginalia

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V.28.39.5 . . marginal notesV.28.43 . mastheadsV.28.49 . page numbersV.28.49.12 . . blind foliosV.28.49.22 . . bouncing foliosV.28.49.35 . . drop foliosV.28.49.46 . . fixed foliosV.28.49.56 . . foot foliosV.28.49.77 . . side foliosV.28.55 . rectoV.28.60 . register marksV.28.60.4 . . crosshairsV.28.65 . running feetV.28.69 . running headsV.28.75 . thumb indexesV.28.80 . trim marksV.28.85 . versoV.38 <positional elements >V.38.10 . baseline gridsV.38.13 . bottom of textV.38.16 . bottom of type pageV.38.20 . boumaV.38.23 . bounding boxesV.38.26 . boxesV.38.29 . breaksV.38.32 . cellsV.38.32.7 . . straddle entriesV.38.36 . columnsV.38.36.7 . . stub columnsV.38.39 . copy blockV.38.42 . corner marksV.38.46 . exclusion zonesV.38.49 . gridsV.38.52 . grid systemsV.38.56 . hang linesV.38.59 . headlinesV.38.62 . hyphenation zonesV.38.65 . justification zonesV.38.69 . keylinesV.38.72 . marginsV.38.72.13 . . bottom marginsV.38.72.34 . . inside marginsV.38.72.49 . . outside marginsV.38.72.64 . . runaroundsV.38.72.78 . . top marginsV.38.77 . rowsV.38.80 . sidebarsV.38.87 . tab stopsV.47 <textual elements >V.47.10 . <character parts >V.47.10.10 . . apertureV.47.10.13 . . apexV.47.10.16 . . arm (character parts)V.47.10.20 . . bar (character parts)

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V.47.10.23 . . bowl (character parts)V.47.10.27 . . counterV.47.10.30 . . crossbarV.47.10.34 . . crotch (character parts)V.47.10.37 . . ear (character parts)V.47.10.41 . . extenderV.47.10.41.3 . . . ascenderV.47.10.41.5 . . . descenderV.47.10.44 . . filletV.47.10.48 . . ink trapV.47.10.52 . . kernV.47.10.55 . . link (character parts)V.47.10.58 . . loop (character parts)V.47.10.63 . . serifV.47.10.63.3 . . . <serif by form >V.47.10.63.3.10 . . . . abrupt serifV.47.10.63.3.16 . . . . beaked serifV.47.10.63.3.21 . . . . bilateral serifV.47.10.63.3.27 . . . . bracketed serifV.47.10.63.3.36 . . . . hairline serifV.47.10.63.3.45 . . . . reflexive serifV.47.10.63.3.51 . . . . scutulate serifV.47.10.63.3.57 . . . . slab serifV.47.10.63.3.62 . . . . slur serifV.47.10.63.3.68 . . . . transitive serifV.47.10.63.3.74 . . . . unbracketed serifV.47.10.63.3.79 . . . . unilateral serifV.47.10.63.3.85 . . . . wedge serifV.47.10.67 . . side bearingsV.47.10.70 . . spine (character parts)V.47.10.73 . . stemV.47.10.77 . . strokeV.47.10.80 . . tail (character parts)V.47.10.83 . . terminalV.47.10.83.13 . . . ball terminalV.47.10.83.24 . . . beak terminalV.47.10.83.45 . . . finial (character parts)V.47.10.83.75 . . . teardrop terminalV.47.10.87 . . vortexV.47.18 . <text line elements >V.47.18.12 . . ascender lineV.47.18.23 . . baselineV.47.18.34 . . cap lineV.47.18.48 . . descender lineV.47.18.67 . . mean lineV.47.27 . <textual elements by form >V.47.27.17 . . decorated initialsV.47.27.32 . . hanging charactersV.47.27.32.5 . . . hanging punctuationV.47.27.47 . . monogramsV.47.27.58 . . no-break textV.47.27.79 . . versalsV.47.27.79.4 . . . drop capsV.47.27.79.6 . . . elevated caps

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V.47.35 . <textual elements by function >V.47.35.11 . . bylinesV.47.35.15 . . captionsV.47.35.20 . . catchwordsV.47.35.26 . . display matterV.47.35.30 . . endnotesV.47.35.35 . . footnotesV.47.35.40 . . greekingV.47.35.45 . . headingsV.47.35.45.3 . . . <headings by form >V.47.35.45.3.14 . . . . crossheadsV.47.35.45.3.23 . . . . cut-in headsV.47.35.45.3.32 . . . . decked headsV.47.35.45.3.52 . . . . rubricsV.47.35.45.3.61 . . . . sideheadsV.47.35.45.3.70 . . . . stacked headsV.47.35.45.3.79 . . . . straddle headsV.47.35.45.5 . . . <headings by function >V.47.35.45.5.17 . . . . chapter headsV.47.35.45.5.30 . . . . column headsV.47.35.45.5.73 . . . . subheadsV.47.35.45.5.73.6 . . . . . run-insV.47.35.45.5.2 . . . . <headings by level >V.47.35.45.5.2.10 . . . . . A-headV.47.35.45.5.2.18 . . . . . B-headV.47.35.45.5.2.38 . . . . . C-headV.47.35.50 . . jump linesV.47.35.55 . . menus (software)V.47.35.55.60 . . . pop-up menusV.47.35.60 . . navigation barsV.47.35.56 . . paragraphsV.47.35.61 . . quotationsV.47.35.61.3 . . . block quotationsV.47.35.61.3.6 . . . . pull quotesV.47.35.66 . . reference marksV.47.35.71 . . ruby textV.47.35.75 . . runoversV.47.35.86 . . subtitlesV.47.35.87 . . surtitlesV.47.35.81 . . taglinesV.47.35.85 . . titlesV.47.35.85.6 . . . running titlesV.47.44 . <visual symbols >V.47.44.10 . . <visual symbol systems >V.47.44.15 . . achrophonic symbolsV.47.44.24 . . digraphsV.47.44.32 . . icons (interface elements)V.47.44.38 . . imprintsV.47.44.40 . . IsotypeV.47.44.50 . . letterformsV.47.44.50.11 . . . alternate charactersV.47.44.50.11.4 . . . . finials (characters)V.47.44.50.11.6 . . . . swash charactersV.47.44.50.34 . . . geometric letterforms

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V.47.44.50.55 . . . ornamented letterformsV.47.44.50.73 . . . small capsV.47.44.50.73.4 . . . . fake small capsV.47.44.56 . . ligaturesV.47.44.56.7 . . . tied lettersV.47.44.62 . . logogramsV.47.44.67 . . logosV.47.44.73 . . logotypesV.47.44.82 . . rebusV.47.64 . mark-up (printing)V.47.64.5 . . proof correction marksV.47.64.7 . . type mark-upV.47.81 . type (text)V.56 <visual artifacts  >V.56.10 . aliasingV.56.21 . bandingV.56.28 . Moiré effectV.56.55 . posterizationV.56.65 . printing flawsV.56.65.12 . . broken typeV.56.65.24 . . doubling (printing flaws)V.56.65.33 . . dropouts (printing flaws)V.56.65.43 . . ghostingV.56.65.53 . . hickeys (printing flaws)V.56.65.69 . . scumming (printing flaws)V.56.65.78 . . slurring (printing flaws)V.56.80 . typographical artifactsV.56.80.13 . . bad breaksV.56.80.13.29 . . . hyphosV.56.80.13.50 . . . orphans (typesetting)V.56.80.13.78 . . . widows (typesetting)V.56.80.30 . . club linesV.56.80.69 . . rivers (typesetting)

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W. Created Works FacetW.10 <components of a created work >W.10.10 . addendaW.10.16 . chaptersW.10.16.6 . . run-on chaptersW.10.22 . colophonsW.10.27 . dedicationsW.10.33 . end matterW.10.33.12 . . appendixesW.10.33.25 . . bibliographiesW.10.33.46 . . glossariesW.10.33.60 . . indexesW.10.38 . errataW.10.43 . explicitsW.10.48 . flyleavesW.10.53 . front matterW.10.53.10 . . acknowledgmentsW.10.53.15 . . ad cardsW.10.53.21 . . bastard titlesW.10.53.25 . . Cataloging-in-Publication DataW.10.53.33 . . copyright pagesW.10.53.40 . . forewordW.10.53.46 . . frontispiecesW.10.53.51 . . half-titlesW.10.53.60 . . part titlesW.10.53.66 . . prefacesW.10.53.72 . . series titlesW.10.53.79 . . tables of contentsW.10.53.84 . . title pagesW.10.60 . incipitsW.10.65 . introductionsW.10.70 . jacket flap copyW.10.75 . main textW.10.83 . sectionsW.16 <created works by contents >W.16.10 . <calendars and schedules  >W.16.10.3 . . calendarsW.16.10.3.6 . . . religious calendarsW.16.10.6 . . schedulesW.16.10.6.7 . . . transportation schedulesW.16.10.6.7.3 . . . . bus schedulesW.16.10.6.7.6 . . . . railroad schedulesW.16.14 . <musical and theatrical works >W.16.14.33 . . librettosW.16.14.58 . . sheet musicW.16.14.71 . . songbooksW.16.18 . abstractsW.16.23 . anthologiesW.16.27 . bestiariesW.16.32 . book reviewsW.16.37 . comics

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W.16.43 . graphic novelsW.16.47 . illustrated magazinesW.16.52 . instructional guidesW.16.56 . interlinear textsW.16.61 . multilingual textsW.16.66 . parallel textsW.16.71 . price listsW.16.76 . recipesW.16.80 . scoresW.16.85 . style manualsW.23 <created works by form >W.23.10 . artworkW.23.12 . bannersW.23.15 . billboardsW.23.17 . bookletsW.23.19 . booksW.23.19.10 . . <books by content >W.23.19.10.10 . . . abecedariesW.23.19.10.29 . . . children’s booksW.23.19.10.29.6 . . . . picture booksW.23.19.10.54 . . . illustrated booksW.23.19.20 . . <books by form >W.23.19.20.10 . . . albumsW.23.19.20.24 . . . flip booksW.23.19.20.33 . . . hardcover booksW.23.19.20.43 . . . large print booksW.23.19.20.51 . . . looseleaf booksW.23.19.20.59 . . . miniature booksW.23.19.20.68 . . . paperbacksW.23.19.20.68.7 . . . . trade paperbacksW.23.19.20.81 . . . three-dimensional booksW.23.19.20.81.4 . . . . foldout booksW.23.19.30 . . <books by function >W.23.19.30.10 . . . appointment booksW.23.19.30.16 . . . artists’ booksW.23.19.30.22 . . . commonplace booksW.23.19.30.28 . . . cookbooksW.23.19.30.35 . . . gift booksW.23.19.30.41 . . . guidebooksW.23.19.30.48 . . . livres d’artistesW.23.19.30.56 . . . readers (books)W.23.19.30.61 . . . reference booksW.23.19.30.67 . . . sample booksW.23.19.30.73 . . . textbooksW.23.19.30.73.6 . . . . programmed textbooksW.23.19.30.79 . . . trade booksW.23.19.30.85 . . . workbooksW.23.19.41 . . <books by production process >W.23.19.41.15 . . . block booksW.23.19.41.29 . . . chapbooksW.23.19.41.54 . . . incunabulaW.23.19.51 . . <books by social context >W.23.19.51.6 . . . rare booksW.23.22 . broadsides

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W.23.24 . cardsW.23.24.10 . . advertising cardsW.23.24.26 . . business cardsW.23.24.46 . . greeting cardsW.23.24.46.18 . . . Christmas cardsW.23.24.46.81 . . . valentinesW.23.24.76 . . trade cardsW.23.26 . cartoonsW.23.29 . clothesW.23.29.3 . . T-shirtsW.23.31 . collageW.23.34 . exhibitsW.23.37 . film titlesW.23.39 . handbillsW.23.42 . inscriptionsW.23.42.24 . . epigraphsW.23.42.36 . . epitaphsW.23.42.51 . . graffitiW.23.44 . installationsW.23.44.5 . . kiosksW.23.47 . matchbooksW.23.49 . motion picturesW.23.52 . multimediaW.23.54 . packagesW.23.56 . palimpsestsW.23.59 . pamphletsW.23.61 . photographsW.23.61.7 . . slidesW.23.64 . photomontageW.23.66 . pictorialsW.23.68 . postersW.23.68.41 . . political postersW.23.68.54 . . propaganda postersW.23.68.78 . . war postersW.23.71 . presentationsW.23.73 . printsW.23.73.3 . . <prints by process >W.23.73.3.16 . . . collagraphsW.23.73.3.38 . . . intaglio printsW.23.73.3.38.4 . . . . engravings (prints)W.23.73.3.38.4.5 . . . . . mezzotintsW.23.73.3.38.6 . . . . etchings (prints)W.23.73.3.38.6.3 . . . . . aquatintsW.23.73.3.57 . . . planographic printsW.23.73.3.57.5 . . . . lithographsW.23.73.3.57.5.17 . . . . . chromolithographsW.23.73.3.57.5.52 . . . . . photolithographsW.23.73.3.57.5.78 . . . . . zincographsW.23.73.3.71 . . . relief printsW.23.73.3.71.7 . . . . woodcutsW.23.75 . record coversW.23.78 . scrollsW.23.78.4 . . emakimonoW.23.78.6 . . kakemono

58

W.23.80 . shopping bagsW.23.83 . signsW.23.83.21 . . directional signsW.23.83.54 . . protest signsW.23.83.75 . . traffic signsW.23.85 . stickersW.23.85.3 . . bumper stickersW.23.88 . Web sitesW.23.88.14 . . blogsW.23.88.21 . . Web directoriesW.23.88.32 . . Web pagesW.23.88.32.5 . . . home pagesW.23.88.79 . . wikisW.29 <created works by function >W.29.10 . <cartographic works >W.29.10.3 . . atlasesW.29.10.5 . . mapsW.29.10.5.42 . . . topographic mapsW.29.10.5.53 . . . tourist mapsW.29.10.5.65 . . . transportation mapsW.29.10.5.65.14 . . . . bus route mapsW.29.10.5.65.48 . . . . railroad mapsW.29.10.5.65.60 . . . . road mapsW.29.10.5.65.75 . . . . subway mapsW.29.10.5.78 . . . weather mapsW.29.14 . <communicative works >W.29.14.10 . . advertisementsW.29.14.10.3 . . . commercialsW.29.14.10.5 . . . display advertisementsW.29.14.12 . . annotated editionsW.29.14.15 . . announcementsW.29.14.15.14 . . . business announcementsW.29.14.15.26 . . . business reportsW.29.14.15.26.3 . . . . annual reportsW.29.14.15.51 . . . legal noticesW.29.14.15.68 . . . playbillsW.29.14.18 . . catalogsW.29.14.18.11 . . . auction catalogsW.29.14.18.19 . . . booksellers’ catalogsW.29.14.18.26 . . . catalogue raisonnéW.29.14.18.36 . . . exhibition catalogsW.29.14.18.47 . . . mail order catalogsW.29.14.18.55 . . . museum catalogsW.29.14.18.65 . . . publishers’ catalogsW.29.14.18.73 . . . sale catalogsW.29.14.18.82 . . . type specimen catalogsW.29.14.21 . . correspondenceW.29.14.21.13 . . . business lettersW.29.14.21.24 . . . commercial correspondenceW.29.14.21.35 . . . e-mailW.29.14.21.46 . . . form lettersW.29.14.21.60 . . . legal correspondenceW.29.14.21.69 . . . letters (correspondence)W.29.14.24 . . dictionaries

59

W.29.14.24.4 . . . gazetteersW.29.14.24.6 . . . picture dictionariesW.29.14.27 . . directoriesW.29.14.29 . . encyclopediasW.29.14.32 . . grant proposalsW.29.14.35 . . handbooksW.29.14.38 . . hypertextW.29.14.41 . . invitationsW.29.14.41.7 . . . wedding invitationsW.29.14.44 . . labelsW.29.14.44.3 . . . bookplatesW.29.14.46 . . letterheadW.29.14.49 . . manualsW.29.14.49.19 . . . do-it-yourself manualsW.29.14.49.45 . . . personnel manualsW.29.14.49.64 . . . technical manualsW.29.14.49.78 . . . user manualsW.29.14.52 . . memorandaW.29.14.54 . . menus (dining)W.29.14.54.7 . . . wine listsW.29.14.57 . . monographsW.29.14.60 . . newslettersW.29.14.63 . . pressbooksW.29.14.66 . . press kitsW.29.14.68 . . press releasesW.29.14.71 . . propagandaW.29.14.73 . . proposalsW.29.14.76 . . prospectusesW.29.14.79 . . questionnairesW.29.14.82 . . scholarly editionsW.29.14.84 . . stationeryW.29.14.87 . . theater programsW.29.18 . <documentary works >W.29.18.32 . . keepsakes (books)W.29.18.50 . . official documentsW.29.18.50.17 . . . certificatesW.29.18.50.32 . . . decreesW.29.18.50.63 . . . passportsW.29.18.75 . . transcriptsW.29.22 . <genealogical works >W.29.22.25 . . family treesW.29.22.38 . . genogramsW.29.22.63 . . pedigreesW.29.26 . <religious works >W.29.26.12 . . catechismsW.29.26.19 . . christening booksW.29.26.29 . . hagiographiesW.29.26.36 . . hymnalsW.29.26.44 . . liturgical manuscriptsW.29.26.50 . . liturgical worksW.29.26.59 . . pilgrimage handbooksW.29.26.68 . . sacred textsW.29.26.68.3 . . . <specific sacred texts >W.29.26.68.3.10 . . . . Bhagavad-Gita

60

W.29.26.68.3.21 . . . . BibleW.29.26.68.3.32 . . . . Qur’anW.29.26.68.3.44 . . . . TorahW.29.26.75 . . sermonsW.29.26.83 . . tracts (documents)W.29.30 . <works of entertainment >W.29.30.4 . . gamesW.29.30.4.3 . . . board gamesW.29.30.4.7 . . . video gamesW.29.34 . <works of exchange  >W.29.34.5 . . moneyW.29.34.5.3 . . . bills (currency)W.29.34.5.5 . . . coinsW.29.34.7 . . postage stampsW.29.38 . almanacsW.29.42 . artworksW.29.47 . clip artW.29.51 . commentariesW.29.56 . corrigendaW.29.61 . field guidesW.29.65 . finding aidsW.29.65.3 . . archival catalogsW.29.65.5 . . archival guidesW.29.69 . hornbooksW.29.75 . packagingW.29.75.6 . . primersW.29.81 . sales guidesW.29.86 . travel guidebooksW.36 <created works by genre >W.36.11 . comediesW.36.17 . essaysW.36.21 . fablesW.36.25 . fairy talesW.36.30 . folk talesW.36.35 . historiesW.36.40 . lecturesW.36.44 . legends (stories)W.36.48 . literary worksW.36.48.25 . . fictionW.36.48.25.36 . . . mysteriesW.36.48.25.57 . . . romance novelsW.36.48.25.70 . . . science fictionW.36.48.49 . . nonfictionW.36.48.49.3 . . . biographiesW.36.48.49.3.3 . . . . autobiographiesW.36.48.49.7 . . . traveloguesW.36.48.65 . . poetryW.36.48.65.3 . . . concrete poetryW.36.53 . memoirsW.36.57 . novelsW.36.62 . nursery rhymesW.36.66 . parablesW.36.71 . proverbsW.36.76 . screenplays

61

W.36.80 . scripts (created works)W.36.80.5 . . playscriptsW.36.80.7 . . telescriptsW.36.85 . short storiesW.42 <created works by means of production >W.42.5 . manuscripts (handwritten works)W.42.5.5 . . illuminated manuscriptsW.42.7 . typescriptsW.49 <created works by publication >W.49.6 . periodicalsW.49.6.32 . . journalsW.49.6.46 . . magazinesW.49.6.61 . . newspapersW.55 <created works by social context >W.55.4 . forgeriesW.55.6 . manifestoesW.62 <created works by stage of production >W.62.10 . alterationsW.62.10.11 . . author’s alterationsW.62.10.23 . . designer’s alterationsW.62.10.33 . . editor’s alterationsW.62.10.44 . . house alterationsW.62.10.59 . . printer’s errorsW.62.10.71 . . strip-in correctionsW.62.10.81 . . typosW.62.14 . camera-ready copyW.62.17 . clean copyW.62.20 . compsW.62.23 . copyW.62.27 . dead copyW.62.29 . design drawingsW.62.32 . draftsW.62.34 . dummiesW.62.40 . idiot filesW.62.42 . layouts (works)W.62.44 . live matterW.62.47 . manuscripts (unedited works)W.62.50 . master proofsW.62.53 . mechanicalsW.62.57 . one-up proofsW.62.60 . penalty copyW.62.64 . plain-paper proofsW.62.67 . proofsW.62.67.11 . . boards (typesetting)W.62.67.19 . . color proofsW.62.67.28 . . first proofsW.62.67.30 . . foul copyW.62.67.35 . . galley proofsW.62.67.42 . . high-resolution proofsW.62.67.52 . . page proofsW.62.67.61 . . remarque proofsW.62.67.67 . . revised proofsW.62.67.74 . . second revised proofsW.62.67.81 . . soft proofs

62

W.62.70 . remakeW.62.73 . reproW.62.77 . sample pagesW.62.80 . tearsheetsW.62.84 . tissuesW.62.87 . two-up proofsW.69 <specific created works >W.69.10 . Book of KellsW.69.22 . Gutenberg BibleW.69.34 . Trajan ColumnW.99 unsorted

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 63

Alphabetic listingA-head

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 10BT <headings by level >

AAUSE author’s alterations

abecedariaUSE abecedaries

abecedariesCL W. 23. 19. 10. 10UF alphabet books

abecedariaabecedarium

BT <books by content >abecedarium

USE abecedariesabjads

CL C. 44. 83. 44. 3BT <consonantal writing

systems >abrupt serif

CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 10BT <serif by form >

absolute colorimetric render-ing

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 10BT color rendering

Abstract ExpressionistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 10BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >abstracts

CL W. 16. 18BT <created works by con-

tents >abugidas

CL C. 44. 83. 44. 5UF alphasyllabaries

syllabicsBT <consonantal writing

systems >

ACUSE author’s alterations

accent marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10SN Modifying graphemes

used only in combi-nation with charac-ters

UF accentsdiacritics

BT combining charactersNT <specific accent marks >

accentsUSE accent marks

accordion foldsCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 10UF fan foldBT <paper folds >

accountantsCL E. 3. 3. 10BT <people by occupation >RT accounting

accountingCL A. 10. 10. 5. 10UF accountsBT financial practicesNT bookkeepingRT accountants

accountsUSE accounting

accounts payableCL P. 3. 10. 10. 57. 3BT liabilities

accounts receivableCL P. 3. 10. 10. 13. 3BT assets

acetateCL O. 3. 3. 73. 10BT surfaces

achrophonic symbolsCL V. 47. 44. 15BT <visual symbols >

acid-free paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 10BT <paper types by form >

acknowledgmentsCL W. 10. 53. 10BT front matter

acrylic paintsCL O. 5. 63. 10BT paints

acute accentCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 10BT <specific accent marks >

ad cardsCL W. 10. 53. 15BT front matter

addendaCL W. 10. 10UF addendumBT <components of a created

work >addendum

USE addendaadditive color synthesis

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65. 3BT color synthesis

adnate serifUSE bracketed serif

Adobe PhotoshopUSE Photoshop (software)

Adobe RGBCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 10BT color spaces

64 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

adsUSE advertisements

advancementUSE promotion

advertisementsCL W. 29. 14. 10UF adsBT <communicative works >NT commercials

display advertisementsRT billboards

advertisingadvertising designadvertising agenciesadvertising cards

advertisingCL A. 21. 75. 26. 10BT communications (disci-

pline)NT advertising campaignsRT advertisements

advertising agenciesadvertising designdisplay advertisements

advertising agenciesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 10BT <businesses by function >RT advertising

advertisementsadvertising campaigns

CL A. 21. 75. 26. 10. 3BT advertising

advertising cardsCL W. 23. 24. 10BT cardsRT advertisements

advertising designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 10BT designRT advertising

advertisementsdisplay advertisements

aestheticsUSE esthetics

AfricanCL S. 5. 27BT <styles by region >NT North African

Sub-Saharan African

African languagesCL C. 79. 3. 5. 10BT <specific language

groups >agate

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 10BT <type dimensions >

agate lineCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 21BT <relative measurements >

ainUSE ayin

airbrushCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 10BT <marking instruments >

Akzidenz Grotesk typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 43. 3BT grotesque typefaces

albumsCL W. 23. 19. 20. 10BT <books by form >

Aldine typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 10SN Old-style typefaces

based on designs byAldus Manutius

BT <typefaces by style >algorithms

CL P. 3. 34. 3BT <mathematical concepts  >NT fractals

aliasingCL V. 56. 10UF jaggiesBT <visual artifacts  >

alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 20BT <properties of layout  >NT base alignment

decimal alignmentskew

almanacsCL W. 29. 38BT <created works by func-

tion >alpha blending

USE alpha compositingalpha compositing

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 11UF alpha blending

BT <digital rendering proc-esses >

alphabet booksUSE abecedaries

alphabet lengthCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 15BT <type dimensions >

alphabetic charactersUSE letters (characters)

alphabetic sortingUSE collation

alphabetic writing systemsUSE alphabets

alphabetsCL C. 44. 83. 33UF alphabetic writing sys-

temsBT writing systems

alphanumeric charactersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11SN Characters with a

place in a conven-tional sequence ofelements in a writingsystem

BT <characters by function >NT letters (characters)

numeralsalphasyllabaries

USE abugidasalterations

CL W. 62. 10BT <created works by stage of

production >NT author’s alterations

designer’s alterationseditor’s alterationshouse alterationsprinter’s errorsstrip-in correctionstypos

RT proofmarksalternate characters

CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11BT letterformsNT finials (characters)

swash characters

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 65

alternate fontsUSE expert fonts

American Association of Artsand Industries

CL E. 5. 13. 5. 3BT <specific associations >

American pointCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 10BT point

American Standard Code forInformation Interchange

USE ASCIIamortization

CL A. 10. 10. 5. 17BT financial practices

ampersandCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 10BT <specific punctuation

characters >analphabetic characters

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22SN All characters without a

place in a conven-tional sequence ofelements in a writingsystem

BT <characters by function >NT currency symbols

pi charactersprinter’s ornamentspunctuationsymbols (characters)

ancientCL S. 3. 10BT <styles by period >

angle bracketsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 13BT <specific punctuation

characters >Anglo-American point

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 20BT point

Anglo-American Point SystemCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 10. 3BT <point systems >

animated typeCL C. 44. 74. 44. 10BT <typefaces by visual

form >

animationCL A. 44. 51. 10. 29BT <imaging processes >

annotated editionsCL W. 29. 14. 12BT <communicative works >

announcementsCL W. 29. 14. 15BT <communicative works >NT business announce-

mentsbusiness reportslegal noticesplaybills

annual reportsCL W. 29. 14. 15. 26. 3BT business reports

anthologiesCL W. 16. 23BT <created works by con-

tents >anthropology

CL A. 21. 75. 10BT social sciences

anti-aliasingCL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 23UF font smoothingBT <digital rendering proc-

esses >antique paper

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 14BT <paper types by form >

antique typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 12BT <typefaces by style >

antique wove paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 86. 3BT wove paper

apertureCL V. 47. 10. 10BT <character parts >

apexCL V. 47. 10. 13BT <character parts >

APIUSE application program-

ming interfacesapostrophe

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 17BT <specific punctuation

characters >appearing size

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 26SN perceived difference in

size between lettersfrom different type-faces but same pointsize

BT dimensionsappendices

USE appendixesappendixes

CL W. 10. 33. 12UF appendicesBT end matter

ApplescriptCL C. 32. 3. 60. 10BT programming lan-

guagesapplication programming in-terfaces

CL C. 10. 11UF APIBT <communication inter-

faces and protocols >appointment books

CL W. 23. 19. 30. 10BT <books by function >

aquatintsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 6. 3BT etchings (prints)

Arabic calligraphyCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 10BT calligraphy

Arabic digitsUSE Arabic-Indic digits

Arabic numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22UF European numeralsBT numeralsNT <numerals by form and

function >fractions

66 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

Arabic scriptCL C. 44. 90. 100BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Arabic-Indic digits

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 10SN Numerals used in mod-

ern Arabic and Indicscripts

UF Indic numeralsArabic digits

BT numeralsAramaic script

CL C. 44. 90. 112BT <specific writing sys-

tems >archaeology

USE archeologyarcheology

CL A. 21. 75. 17UF archaeologyBT social sciences

archival catalogsCL W. 29. 65. 3BT finding aids

archival guidesCL W. 29. 65. 5BT finding aids

arm (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 16BT <character parts >

Armenian alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 125BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Art Deco

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 10BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

art directorsCL E. 3. 3. 15BT <people by occupation >

art historyCL A. 21. 32. 32. 12BT history

Art NouveauCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 12BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

art paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 13BT <paper types by function >

art schoolsCL L. 60. 34. 13BT <schools by subject >

artists’ booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 16BT <books by function >

artsCL A. 21. 32. 12UF creative artsBT humanitiesNT performing arts

visual artsArts and Crafts Movement

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 15BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

artworkCL W. 23. 10UF finished artworkBT <created works by form >

artworksCL W. 29. 42BT <created works by func-

tion >ascender

CL V. 47. 10. 41. 3BT extender

ascender lineCL V. 47. 18. 12BT <text line elements >

ASCIICL C. 44. 20. 3. 10UF American Standard

Code for Informa-tion Interchange

BT <specific character sets >ash

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 10BT <specific letters >

AsianCL S. 5. 35BT <styles by region >NT Chinese (style)

Japanese (style)

AsomtavruliCL C. 44. 90. 137BT <specific writing sys-

tems >assets

CL P. 3. 10. 10. 13BT <financial balance meas-

ures >NT accounts receivable

associationsCL E. 5. 13UF societiesBT organizationsNT <associations by func-

tion ><specific associations >

asteriskCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 20BT <specific punctuation

characters >asymmetric type

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 10. 3BT <type styles by  >

at signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 23BT <specific punctuation

characters >atlases

CL W. 29. 10. 3BT <cartographic works >

ATypI classificationCL C. 44. 74. 72. 10BT typeface classifications

auction catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 11BT catalogs

auction salesUSE auctions

auctionsCL A. 32. 24UF auction salesBT <events >

Australian aboriginalCL S. 5. 10. 3BT <styles of Oceania and

Australia >author’s alterations

CL W. 62. 10. 11UF AA

author’s correctionsAC

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 67

author’s marksBT alterations

author’s correctionsUSE author’s alterations

author’s marksUSE author’s alterations

autobiographiesCL W. 36. 48. 49. 3. 3BT biographies

automatic kerningCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 3BT kerning

avant-garde typographyCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 77.

3. 3BT <typography by style >

Avestan alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 150BT <specific writing sys-

tems >axis

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 11BT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

ayinCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 15SN Character in the trans-

literation of Arabicand Hebrew

UF ainayn

BT <specific letters >ayn

USE ayinAztec glyphs

CL C. 44. 90. 162BT <specific writing sys-

tems >B-head

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 18BT <headings by level >

back marginsUSE inside margins

back matterUSE end matter

backmatterUSE end matter

backslantedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 13BT <type styles by inclina-

tion >backslash

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86.13

BT slashbad breaks

CL V. 56. 80. 13BT typographical artifactsNT hyphos

orphans (typesetting)widows (typesetting)

RT breaksbad copy

USE penalty copybalance sheets

CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 14BT financial reports

ball terminalCL V. 47. 10. 83. 13BT terminal

bandingCL V. 56. 21BT <visual artifacts  >

bank paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 19BT <paper types by form >

bannersCL W. 23. 12BT <created works by form >

bar (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 20SN A horizontal stroke

connecting parts of acharacter

BT <character parts >bar charts

USE bar graphsbar graphs

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 14UF bar chartsBT graphs

bareiaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 12BT <specific accent marks >

bark paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 23BT <paper types by form >

barred ellCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 21UF slashed ellBT <specific letters >

barred ohCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 26UF slashed ohBT <specific letters >

base alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 20. 14BT alignmentRT baseline

baselineCL V. 47. 18. 23BT <text line elements >RT base alignment

baseline gridsCL V. 38. 10BT <positional elements >

baseline skipUSE leading

Bassa alphabetUSE Vah

bastard titlesCL W. 10. 53. 21UF false titles

first half-titlesBT front matter

bastardaCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 13BT blackletter

BauhausCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 14BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >beak terminal

CL V. 47. 10. 83. 24BT terminal

beaked serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 16BT <serif by form >

beard (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 11BT <parts of a unit of type  >

68 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

belle époqueCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 18BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

benchmarkingCL A. 10. 44. 10SN Measuring the charac-

teristics of devicessuch as scanners

BT <production activities  >bestiaries

CL W. 16. 27BT <created works by con-

tents >bevels

CL V. 19. 21. 24. 13BT decorative elements

Bhagavad-GitaCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 10BT <specific sacred texts >

biasCL P. 5. 44. 10. 18UF stressBT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

BibleCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 21BT <specific sacred texts >RT Gutenberg Bible

biblio styleUSE hanging indents

bibliographic databasesCL C. 21. 20. 14BT databases

bibliographiesCL W. 10. 33. 25UF reference lists

lists of referencesBT end matter

bicameral alphabetsUSE bicameral writing sys-

temsbicameral writing systems

CL C. 44. 83. 17. 3SN Writing systems con-

sisting of two casesUF bicameral alphabetsBT <writing systems by case

distinction >

biddingCL A. 10. 10. 3. 11BT business practices

BIDIUSE bidirectional (writing

direction)bidirectional (writing direc-tion)

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 13UF BIDIBT writing direction

Big5 (character set encoding)CL C. 44. 20. 3. 16BT <specific character sets >

bilateral serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 21BT <serif by form >

bilingual textsUSE multilingual texts

billboardsCL W. 23. 15BT <created works by form >RT advertisements

billingCL A. 10. 10. 5. 24UF billsBT financial practicesRT prices

billsUSE billing

bills (currency)CL W. 29. 34. 5. 3BT money

binding (objects)CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11BT <parts of a book >NT <bindings by form >RT binding (production

process)binding (production process)

CL A. 44. 51. 35. 13UF bookbindingBT finishing (production

process)NT hand bookbindingRT binding (objects)

biographiesCL W. 36. 48. 49. 3BT nonfictionNT autobiographies

bitmap fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 3. 3UF bitmapped fonts

screen fontsBT <digital fonts by form >

bitmapped fontsUSE bitmap fonts

blackCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 12BT <type styles by weight >

black and white printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

10. 14UF monochrome printersBT <printers by chromatic-

ity >blackletter

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15UF Old English typefacesBT <typefaces by style >NT bastarda

Frakturrotundatextura

bleedCL V. 28. 11BT <page elements  >NT full-color bleed

blind embossingCL A. 44. 51. 35. 32. 3BT embossing

blind foliosCL V. 28. 49. 12BT page numbers

block booksCL W. 23. 19. 41. 15BT <books by production

process >block printing

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 11BT <printing methods  >

block printing (handwriting)CL C. 44. 40. 5. 69. 3BT printing (handwriting)

block quotationsCL V. 47. 35. 61. 3UF extracts

blockquotesBT quotationsNT pull quotes

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 69

block typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 14BT <type by form >

blockquotesUSE block quotations

blocksCL V. 28. 15BT <page elements  >

blogsCL W. 23. 88. 14BT Web sites

bluelinesCL V. 19. 21. 11SN A proof of a graphic

element sometimesused as a positionprint

UF brownlinescyanotypesloose bluessilverprints

BT <nontextual elements byfunction >

blurbUSE jacket flap copy

blurred typeCL P. 5. 81. 15BT type effects

board gamesCL W. 29. 30. 4. 3BT games

boards (typesetting)CL W. 62. 67. 11SN Correct galley proofs

pasted onto heavystock

BT proofsRT pasteup

body copyUSE body text

body matterUSE body text

body sizeUSE type size

body textCL V. 28. 20UF body matter

body copyrunning text

BT <page elements  >RT text fonts

composition sizebody type

USE text fontsbold

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 21UF boldface

bold faceBT <type styles by weight >

bold faceUSE bold

boldfaceUSE bold

bond paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 27BT <paper types by form >

book auctionsCL A. 10. 56. 3. 3. 3BT book trade

book clubsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 12BT <associations by func-

tion >book collectors

CL E. 3. 3. 20BT <people by occupation >

book coverUSE cover

book designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 21BT designRT books

book facesUSE text fonts

book illustrationCL A. 10. 27. 39. 15BT illustration (activity)

book jacketCL O. 3. 5. 21. 24UF dust jackets

jacketsBT <parts of a book >RT jacket flap copy

Book of KellsCL W. 69. 10BT <specific created works >

book platesUSE bookplates

book reviewsCL W. 16. 32BT <created works by con-

tents >book trade

CL A. 10. 56. 3. 3UF booksellersBT <specific industries  >NT book auctions

book weightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 29BT <type styles by weight >

bookbindersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 19BT <businesses by function >

bookbindingUSE binding (production

process)bookkeeping

CL A. 10. 10. 5. 10. 3BT accounting

bookletsCL W. 23. 17BT <created works by form  >

bookplatesCL W. 29. 14. 44. 3UF book platesBT labels

booksCL W. 23. 19UF codex

codicesBT <created works by form >NT <books by content >

<books by form ><books by function ><books by production

process ><books by social context >

RT book designbooksellers

USE book tradebooksellers’ catalogs

CL W. 29. 14. 18. 19BT catalogs

bopomofoCL C. 49. 80. 15BT transliteration

70 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

border designsUSE borders

bordersCL V. 19. 21. 24. 23UF border designsBT decorative elements

bottom marginsCL V. 38. 72. 13UF tail margins

foot marginsBT margins

bottom of textCL V. 38. 13BT <positional elements >

bottom of type pageCL V. 38. 16BT <positional elements >

boumaCL V. 38. 20BT <positional elements >

bouncing foliosCL V. 28. 49. 22BT page numbers

bounding boxesCL V. 38. 23BT <positional elements >

boustrophedonCL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 23BT writing direction

bowl (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 23UF eye (type)BT <character parts >

box indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 13BT indents

box rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 14BT <rules by function >

boxesCL V. 38. 26BT <positional elements >

bracesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 27UF curly braces

curly bracketsBT <specific punctuation

characters >

bracketed serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 27UF adnate serifBT <serif by form >

bracketsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 31BT <specific punctuation

characters >Braille alphabet

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 10UF Braille typeBT <typefaces by function  >

Braille typeUSE Braille alphabet

brandingUSE brands

brandsCL C. 38. 8. 3UF brandingBT visual identity

breaksCL V. 38. 29BT <positional elements >

breathing marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24UF spiritusBT <specific accent marks >NT daseia

psilibreve

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 14BT <specific accent marks >

breve (scansion mark)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 15BT <specific scansion marks >

brightnessCL P. 5. 64. 30. 13BT <measures of visible

light >British Standards for TypeClassification

CL C. 44. 74. 72. 20BT typeface classifications

broadcast mediaCL C. 15. 13BT <communication media >RT broadcasting

broadcastingCL A. 21. 75. 26. 27BT communications (disci-

pline)RT broadcast media

broadsheetsUSE broadsides

broadsidesCL W. 23. 22UF broadsheetsBT <created works by form >

broken typeCL V. 56. 65. 12UF cut typeBT printing flaws

Bronze AgeCL S. 3. 50BT <styles by period >

brownlinesUSE bluelines

brush scriptsUSE brush typefaces

brush typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 17UF brush scriptsBT <typefaces by style >

brushesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 17BT <marking instruments >

bubblejet printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

34. 13BT <printers by method >

budgetingCL A. 10. 10. 5. 48. 3BT financial planning

buffered paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 32BT <paper types by form >

bulletCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 34BT <specific punctuation

characters >bumper stickers

CL W. 23. 85. 3BT stickers

bus route mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 14BT transportation maps

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 71

bus schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6. 7. 3BT transportation sched-

ulesbusiness

USE economicsbusiness announcements

CL W. 29. 14. 15. 14BT announcements

business cardsCL W. 23. 24. 26BT cards

business lettersCL W. 29. 14. 21. 13BT correspondence

business managersCL E. 3. 3. 25BT <people by occupation >RT businesses

business plansCL A. 10. 10. 3. 17BT business practices

business practicesCL A. 10. 10. 3BT <business and economic

activities >NT bidding

business planscommissionsprice estimatesdecision makingmarketingnegotiationsproject managementreferralsretailsales

business reportsCL W. 29. 14. 15. 26BT announcementsNT annual reports

business schoolsCL L. 60. 34. 28BT <schools by subject >

business venturesCL E. 5. 28. 37BT businessesNT joint ventures

partnerships

businessesCL E. 5. 28BT organizationsNT <businesses by function >

<businesses by size >business venturescompanies

RT business managersbylines

CL V. 47. 35. 11BT <textual elements by

function >Bézier curves

CL V. 19. 44. 10BT <parts of nontextual ele-

ments >C-head

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 38BT <headings by level >

CADCL A. 10. 27. 10UF computer-aided design

computer-assisted de-sign

BT <design and creation ac-tivities >

calendarsCL W. 16. 10. 3BT <calendars and sched-

ules >NT religious calendars

calibrationCL A. 44. 51. 15BT <production processes  >

caliper (measure)CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 26SN Thickness of paper or

board measured inmicrons or mils

BT <absolute measurements >call-outs

USE calloutscalligrammes

USE concrete poetrycalligraphy

CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14BT handwriting stylesNT Arabic calligraphy

Chinese calligraphyHebrew calligraphyJapanese calligraphy

calloutsCL V. 19. 21. 17UF call-outsBT <nontextual elements by

function >cameo typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 19BT <typefaces by style >

camera-ready copyCL W. 62. 14UF CRCBT <created works by stage of

production >cameras

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3BT <recording instruments  >NT digital cameras

video camerasCanadian Aboriginal Syllabics

CL C. 44. 90. 175BT <specific writing sys-

tems >cancellaresca

USE chancery handcantillation marks

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 37BT <characters by function >

canvasCL O. 3. 3. 73. 21BT surfaces

cap heightCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 20BT <type dimensions >

cap lineCL V. 47. 18. 34UF capital lineBT <text line elements >

capital (money)CL P. 3. 10. 31BT <financial concepts >

capital figuresUSE lining numerals

capital lettersUSE uppercase letters

capital lineUSE cap line

capitalizationCL P. 5. 44. 26BT <properties of text >NT headline style

72 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

inner capssentence-style capitali-

zationcapitals

USE uppercase letterscaps

USE uppercase letterscapstan imagesetters

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 43. 3BT imagesetters

captionsCL V. 47. 35. 15UF legendsBT <textual elements by

function >cardboard

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 30BT surfaces

cardingUSE vertical justification

cardsCL W. 23. 24BT <created works by form >NT advertising cards

business cardsgreeting cardstrade cards

career developmentCL A. 10. 67. 14BT employment

careersCL A. 10. 67. 24BT employment

caretCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 37BT <specific punctuation

characters >caron

USE hacekcarryover line

USE jump linescartography

USE mapscartoons

CL W. 23. 26BT <created works by form >

cartouchesCL V. 19. 21. 24. 35BT decorative elements

cartridge paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 36BT <paper types by form >

Cascading Style SheetsUSE CSS

case fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.

13BT fractions

cash flow statementsCL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 28BT financial reports

cast typeUSE metal type

cast-coated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41. 3BT coated paper

castingCL A. 44. 51. 20BT <production processes  >

casting-offUSE copyfitting

catalog designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 15BT graphic designRT catalogs

Cataloging-in-PublicationData

CL W. 10. 53. 25UF CIPBT front matter

catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18BT <communicative works >NT auction catalogs

booksellers’ catalogscatalogue raisonnéexhibition catalogsmail order catalogsmuseum catalogspublishers’ catalogssale catalogstype specimen catalogs

RT catalog designcatalogue raisonné

CL W. 29. 14. 18. 26BT catalogs

catchwordsCL V. 47. 35. 20BT <textual elements by

function >

catechismsCL W. 29. 26. 12BT <religious works >

cathode ray tubesUSE CRT

CD-ROM drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59. 3BT optical drivesRT CD-ROMs

CD-ROMsCL C. 21. 44. 62. 3UF Compact Disc–Read-

Only MemoryBT optical storage mediaRT CD-ROM drives

cedillaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 18BT <specific accent marks >

cellsCL V. 38. 32UF tab entryBT <positional elements >NT straddle entries

centeredCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 15BT linesettings

centered dotCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 41BT <specific punctuation

characters >centerpieces

CL V. 19. 32. 15BT <nontextual elements by

position >Central American

CL S. 5. 18. 10BT <styles of the Americas  >

certificatesCL W. 29. 18. 50. 17BT official documents

certification programsCL A. 10. 35. 12BT <education and train-

ing >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 73

CGI (Common Gateway Inter-face)

USE Common Gateway In-terface

CGI (computer generated im-ages)

USE computer generatedimages

chancery cursiveUSE chancery hand

chancery handCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 14UF chancery cursive

cancellarescaBT manuscript hands

change barsCL V. 19. 21. 21. 3SN Vertical bars indicating

changed paragraphsBT change marks

change marksCL V. 19. 21. 21SN Visual indication of re-

visions made in a textBT <nontextual elements by

function >NT change bars

chapbooksCL W. 23. 19. 41. 29BT <books by production

process >chapter heads

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 17BT <headings by function >

chapter titlesCL V. 28. 25UF CTBT <page elements  >

chaptersCL W. 10. 16BT <components of a created

work >NT run-on chapters

character attributesUSE character styles

character encoding formsUSE character sets

character encoding schemesUSE character sets

character protrusionCL P. 5. 35. 17UF margin kerningBT <properties of layout  >

character set encodingsUSE character sets

character setsCL C. 44. 20SN Encompasses sets of

characters, their en-codings into numericcode points, and theforms in which theencoded code pointsare represented

UF charsetscoded character setscharacter set encodingscharacter encoding

formscharacter encoding

schemesBT <representations of lan-

guage >NT <specific character sets >

multibyte character setsRT code pages

character spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 13BT <whitespace by function >NT ditches

character stylesCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56UF character attributesBT type stylesNT inline

italicsoutlineoverstrikereverseshadowshadow letters

charactersCL C. 44. 13SN Smallest units of writ-

ing systems withdistinctive form orfunction

UF graphemesBT <representations of lan-

guage >NT <characters by form >

<characters by function >characters per pica

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 35UF CPPBT <relative measurements >

charsetsUSE character sets

chartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14BT <figures by function >NT organizational charts

pie chartschase

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 14SN rectangular iron frame

in which pages orcolumns of type arecomposed —gcide

BT typesetting equipmentchemical typesetting

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 14BT <typesetting by applica-

tion >Cherokee syllabary

CL C. 44. 90. 187BT <specific writing sys-

tems >chiaroscuro color printing

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 17BT <printing methods  >

children’s booksCL W. 23. 19. 10. 29BT <books by content >NT picture books

74 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

children’s picture booksUSE picture books

Chinese (language family)CL C. 79. 3. 3. 10SN The collection of mu-

tually unintelligible,genetically relatedlanguages of China,of which Mandarinand Cantonese aretwo instances.

BT <specific language fami-lies >

Chinese (style)CL S. 5. 35. 3BT Asian

Chinese calligraphyCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 21BT calligraphy

christening booksCL W. 29. 26. 19BT <religious works >

Christmas cardsCL W. 23. 24. 46. 18BT greeting cards

chromaCL P. 5. 27. 3. 22BT color (chromaticity)

chromaticity coordinatesCL P. 5. 27. 3. 30BT color (chromaticity)

chromolithographsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 17BT lithographsRT chromolithography

chromolithographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 17BT lithographyRT chromolithographs

ciceroCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 25BT <type dimensions >

CIE XYZCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 30BT color spaces

CIELabCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 20BT color spaces

cinematographyCL A. 10. 27. 73. 18SN Photography of mov-

ing images onto filmBT photography

CIPUSE Cataloging-in-

Publication Datacircles

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 30. 3BT ellipses

circumflexCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 21BT <specific accent marks >

CJK typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 20BT <typesetting by applica-

tion >CJKV typesetting

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 30BT <typesetting by applica-

tion >clarendon typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 22BT <typefaces by style >

clean copyCL W. 62. 17UF straight copyBT <created works by stage of

production >clients

CL E. 3. 5. 16BT <people by relationship >

clip artCL W. 29. 47BT <created works by func-

tion >closed up

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 21. 3BT fit

clothesCL W. 23. 29UF clothingBT <created works by form >NT T-shirts

clothingUSE clothes

club linesCL V. 56. 80. 30BT typographical artifacts

CMYKCL P. 5. 27. 3. 48. 3UF cyan, magenta, yellow,

blackBT color models

coated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41BT <paper types by form >NT cast-coated paper

machine-coated papercode pages

CL C. 49. 14BT <transformations of in-

formation >RT character sets

coded character setsUSE character sets

codexUSE books

codicesUSE books

coinsCL W. 29. 34. 5. 5BT money

collaborationCL A. 10. 27. 24UF creative collaborationBT <design and creation ac-

tivities >collage

CL W. 23. 31BT <created works by form >

collagraphsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 16BT <prints by process >

collationCL A. 44. 10. 3UF sorting

alphabetic sortingBT <algorithmic processes  >

collection agenciesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 27BT <businesses by function >

collegesCL L. 60. 10. 10. 3BT <colleges and universi-

ties >NT community colleges

junior colleges

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 75

collotypeCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 60. 3BT photomechanical

printing processescollotype printing

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 22BT <printing methods  >

colonCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 44BT <specific punctuation

characters >colophons

CL W. 10. 22SN Notes on the produc-

tion of the work inwhich they appear

BT <components of a createdwork >

RT imprintscolor (chromaticity)

CL P. 5. 27. 3BT <properties of color and

brightness >NT <color by function >

chromachromaticity coordi-

natescolor managementcolor modelscolor spacescolor synthesispalette

color (type)CL P. 5. 44. 10. 26BT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

color calibrationCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 18BT color management

color gamutUSE gamut

color managementCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39UF color qualityBT color (chromaticity)NT color calibration

colorimetrycolor matching

color matchingCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 42BT color management

color modelsCL P. 5. 27. 3. 48BT color (chromaticity)NT CMYK

RGBcolor printers

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.10. 30

BT <printers by chromatic-ity >

color proofsCL W. 62. 67. 19BT proofs

color qualityUSE color management

color renderingCL A. 44. 51. 10. 42BT <imaging processes >NT absolute colorimetric

renderingperceptual renderingrelative colorimetric

renderingcolor separation

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 52BT <imaging processes >RT spot color

color spacesCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56BT color (chromaticity)NT Adobe RGB

CIELabCIE XYZPantonesRGB

color synthesisCL P. 5. 27. 3. 65BT color (chromaticity)NT additive color synthesis

subtractive color syn-thesis

Color-fieldCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 18BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >colorimeter

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 24BT <marking instruments >RT colorimetry

colorimetryCL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 30BT color managementRT colorimeter

column headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 30BT <headings by function >

column inchesCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 39BT <absolute measurements >

columnsCL V. 38. 36BT <positional elements >NT stub columns

comb bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 14BT <bindings by form >

combining charactersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51BT <characters by function >NT accent marks

scansion markstone marksvowel points

comediesCL W. 36. 11BT <created works by genre >

comic stripsUSE comics

comicsCL W. 16. 37UF comic stripsBT <created works by con-

tents >RT graphic novels

commaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 48BT <specific punctuation

characters >commentaries

CL W. 29. 51BT <created works by func-

tion >commerce

CL A. 10. 56UF trade

industryBT <activities  >NT <specific industries  >

markets

76 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

commercial correspondenceCL W. 29. 14. 21. 24BT correspondence

commercial printersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 16BT presses

commercial publishersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 65. 3BT publishers

commercialsCL W. 29. 14. 10. 3BT advertisements

commissionsCL A. 10. 10. 3. 23BT business practices

Common Gateway InterfaceCL C. 10. 20UF CGI (Common Gate-

way Interface)BT <communication inter-

faces and protocols >commonplace books

CL W. 23. 19. 30. 22BT <books by function >

communicationCL C. 63NT visual communication

communication protocolsCL C. 10. 36BT <communication inter-

faces and protocols >NT electronic data inter-

changecommunications (discipline)

CL A. 21. 75. 26BT social sciencesNT advertising

broadcastingpublic relations

community collegesCL L. 60. 10. 10. 3. 3BT colleges

Compact Disc–Read-OnlyMemory

USE CD-ROMscompanies

CL E. 5. 28. 51BT businessesNT corporations

composite volumesUSE Sammelband

compositionCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 16BT <component activities  >NT strike-on composition

composition sizeCL P. 5. 64. 59. 73. 3BT text sizesRT body text

compositors (people)USE typesetters (people)

compound ruleUSE double rules

comprehensivesUSE comps

compressedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 18BT <type styles by density >

compsCL W. 62. 20UF comprehensives

finished roughsBT <created works by stage of

production >computer communicationprotocols

CL C. 10. 46BT <communication inter-

faces and protocols >NT FTP

HTTPSFTP

computer devicesUSE computer peripherals

computer displaysCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 15UF monitors

computer monitorsBT output devices

computer filesUSE data files

computer gamesUSE video games

computer generated imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43. 15UF CGI (computer gener-

ated images)BT images

computer hardwareCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15UF hardwareBT equipmentNT computer peripherals

computerscomputer input devices

USE input devicescomputer languages

CL C. 32. 3BT <information processing

systems >NT markup languages

page description lan-guages

programming lan-guages

stylesheet languagescomputer monitors

USE computer displayscomputer networks

CL C. 10. 57BT <communication inter-

faces and protocols >computer output devices

USE output devicescomputer peripherals

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3UF computer devicesBT computer hardwareNT data storage devices

I/O devicescomputer science

CL A. 21. 15BT <disciplines >

computer softwareUSE software

computer terminalsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 18BT I/O devices

computer typesettingUSE digital typesetting

computer-aided designUSE CAD

computer-assisted designUSE CAD

computer-to-plateCL A. 44. 51. 25UF CTPBT <production processes  >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 77

computerized compositionUSE digital typesetting

computerized typesettingUSE digital typesetting

computersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5BT computer hardwareNT mainframe computers

minicomputerspersonal computersworkstations (comput-

ers)concertina folds

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 30BT <paper folds >

concertina spineCL O. 3. 5. 21. 75. 3BT spine

concrete poetryCL W. 36. 48. 65. 3UF shaped poetry

calligrammesBT poetry

condensedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 30BT <type styles by density >

conesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 15BT <geometric solids  >

conferencesCL A. 32. 39UF symposia

symposiumBT <events >NT professional confer-

encesconsonantal writing systems

CL C. 44. 90. 205BT <specific writing sys-

tems >constructed letterforms

USE geometric letterformsConstructivist

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 23BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >consultants

CL E. 3. 5. 28BT <people by relationship >

contact databasesCL C. 21. 20. 31BT databases

content management systemsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 20BT <software by function >

continuing educationCL A. 10. 35. 19BT <education and train-

ing >RT education (discipline)

continuous tone color printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 28BT <printing methods  >

continuous-tone artCL V. 19. 10. 43. 26BT images

contour mapsUSE topographic maps

contrast (type)CL P. 5. 44. 10. 32BT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

control charactersCL C. 27. 10. 16BT <representations of data >

cookbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 28UF recipe booksBT <books by function >RT recipes

copperplate printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 17BT intaglio

copyCL W. 62. 23BT <created works by stage of

production >copy block

CL V. 38. 39BT <positional elements >

copy editingCL A. 10. 44. 27. 4BT editing

copy keyCL P. 5. 64. 30. 26SN the relative proportion

of light and dark ar-eas in an image

BT <measures of visiblelight >

copyeditingCL A. 44. 41. 3BT <editing processes >

copyeditorsCL E. 3. 3. 36. 4BT editors

copyfittingCL A. 10. 44. 15SN Method of calculating

the amount of space(pages, lines, etc.) atext will require

UF casting-offfitting

BT <production activities  >copyright

CL P. 3. 22. 10. 16UF copyright lawBT <intellectual property

law >NT fair use

copyright lawUSE copyright

copyright pagesCL W. 10. 53. 33BT front matter

corner marksCL V. 38. 42SN Marks defining the size

and position of thetype page

UF stripping guidesBT <positional elements >

cornerpiecesCL V. 19. 32. 28BT <nontextual elements by

position >corporate identity

CL C. 38. 8. 5BT visual identity

corporate taxesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 16BT taxes

corporationsCL E. 5. 28. 51. 5BT companiesNT non-profit corporations

78 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

correspondenceCL W. 29. 14. 21BT <communicative works >NT business letters

commercial correspon-dence

e-mailform letterslegal correspondenceletters (correspondence)

corrigendaCL W. 29. 56UF corrigendumBT <created works by func-

tion >corrigendum

USE corrigendacosts

USE expensescounter

CL V. 47. 10. 27BT <character parts >

coupon ruleUSE dashed rules

coverCL O. 3. 5. 21. 18UF book coverBT <parts of a book >

CPPUSE characters per pica

craft printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 29BT printing

crayonsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 31BT <marking instruments >

CRCUSE camera-ready copy

creative artsUSE arts

creative collaborationUSE collaboration

Cretan alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 212BT <specific writing sys-

tems >

crop marksUSE trim marks

cross ruleUSE straddle rules

crossbarCL V. 47. 10. 30BT <character parts >

crosshairsCL V. 28. 60. 4BT register marks

crosshatchUSE hash mark

crossheadsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 14SN A centered heading or

subheadBT <headings by form >

crotch (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 34BT <character parts >

CRTCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 20UF cathode ray tubesBT output devices

CSSCL C. 32. 3. 80. 3UF Cascading Style SheetsBT stylesheet languages

CTUSE chapter titles

CTPUSE computer-to-plate

cubesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 20BT polyhedra

cubic splinesCL V. 19. 44. 65. 20BT splines

CubistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 21BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

curly bracesUSE braces

curly bracketsUSE braces

curly quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3.

20UF smart quotes

typographic quotationmarks

BT <quotation marks byform >

currencyUSE money

currency symbolsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16BT analphabetic charactersNT dollar sign

Euro symbolpound sterling sign

cursiveCL C. 44. 40. 5. 29BT handwriting styles

curvesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 12BT <geometric plane figures  >NT French curves

cut typeUSE broken type

cut-in headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 23BT <headings by form >

cyan, magenta, yellow, blackUSE CMYK

cyanotypesUSE bluelines

cylindersCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 27BT <geometric solids  >

Cyrillic alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 225BT <specific writing sys-

tems >DA

USE designer’s alterationsDada

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 23BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 79

daggerCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 12BT <specific symbols  >

daguerreotypeCL A. 44. 51. 52. 3BT photographic processes

danceCL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 16BT performing arts

Dark AgesCL S. 3. 60BT <styles by period >

daseiaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24. 3UF rough breathing

spiritus asperBT breathing marks

dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16BT <specific punctuation

characters >NT em dash

en dashnon-breaking hyphenthree-em dashtwo-em dash

dashed rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 15UF coupon ruleBT <rules by form >

dataCL C. 27. 29BT <information forms  >

data filesCL C. 21. 32UF computer files

files, dataBT <data containers >

data storage devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3UF storage devicesBT computer peripheralsNT floppy drives

hard drivesmemory devicesoptical drivessolid-state drives

RT data storage mediadata storage media

CL C. 21. 44BT <data containers >

NT <magnetic storage me-dia >

<solid state storage me-dia >

optical storage mediaRT data storage devices

database management systemsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 28UF DBMSBT <software by function >RT databases

databasesCL C. 21. 20BT <data containers >NT bibliographic databases

contact databasesimage databases

RT database managementsystems

DBMSUSE database management

systemsDe Stijl

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 26BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

dead copyCL W. 62. 27BT <created works by stage of

production >debts

CL P. 3. 10. 10. 57. 5UF loansBT liabilities

decagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 18BT <geometric plane figures  >

decimal alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 20. 32BT alignment

decision makingCL A. 10. 10. 3. 30BT business practices

decked headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 32SN A heading or subhead

with rules above andbelow

BT <headings by form >

decorated initialsCL V. 47. 27. 17UF decorative initialsBT <textual elements by

form >decorative elements

CL V. 19. 21. 24BT <nontextual elements by

function >NT bevels

borderscartouchesdrop-shadowsornaments

decorative initialsUSE decorated initials

decorative paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 32BT <paper types by function >NT marbled paper

decorative typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 27. 21BT <typefaces by function >

decreesCL W. 29. 18. 50. 32BT official documents

dedicationsCL W. 10. 27BT <components of a created

work >degraded type

CL P. 5. 81. 32BT type effects

demiboldUSE semibold

demotic scriptCL C. 44. 90. 243BT <specific writing sys-

tems >densitometers

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 15BT <measuring instru-

ments >density

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 13BT <properties of running

text >

80 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

dependent vowelsUSE vowel points

depreciationCL A. 10. 10. 5. 40BT financial practices

descenderCL V. 47. 10. 41. 5BT extender

descender lineCL V. 47. 18. 48BT <text line elements >

designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21BT visual artsNT advertising design

book designgraphic designindustrial designinformation designinteraction designWeb design

RT designersdesign drawings

CL W. 62. 29BT <created works by stage of

production >designers

CL E. 3. 3. 31BT <people by occupation >RT design

type designersdesigner’s alterations

CL W. 62. 10. 23UF DABT alterations

desktop compositionCL A. 10. 44. 19BT <production activities  >

desktop computersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56. 3BT personal computers

desktop publishingCL A. 10. 44. 23UF DTPBT <production activities  >

desktop scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.

16BT scanners

DevanagariCL C. 44. 90. 250BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Dhives Akuru

CL C. 44. 90. 262BT <specific writing sys-

tems >diacritics

USE accent marksdiaeresis

USE dieresisdiagonal

USE slashdiagonal fractions

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.25

BT fractionsdiagrams

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 27BT <figures by function >

dialectsUSE languages

diamondCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 20BT <specific symbols  >NT lozenge

dictionariesCL W. 29. 14. 24BT <communicative works >NT gazetteers

picture dictionariesDidone typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 24BT <typefaces by style >

Didot Point SystemCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 10. 5BT <point systems >RT Didot points

Didot pointsCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 30BT pointRT Didot Point System

dieresisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 25UF diaeresisBT <specific accent marks >

diffusion-transfer processesCL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 21BT <photomechanical proc-

esses >digital cameras

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3. 3BT camerasRT digital photography

digital fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21UF digital type

electronic typeBT <typefaces by construc-

tion >NT <digital fonts by form >

<digital fonts by format >RT hinting (digital fonts)

digital punchcuttingdigital foundries

CL E. 5. 28. 10. 82. 4BT typefoundries

digital photographyCL A. 10. 27. 73. 33BT photographyRT digital cameras

digital prooofersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 17BT printing equipment

digital punchcuttingCL A. 10. 44. 65. 4BT punchcuttingRT digital fonts

digital typeUSE digital fonts

digital typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 21UF computerized compo-

sitioncomputer typesettingcomputerized typeset-

tingBT <typesetting by medium >

Digital Video DiscsUSE DVDs

digitizationCL A. 44. 20. 4BT <capture processes  >NT OCR

scanningtracing

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 81

digitsUSE numerals

digraphsCL V. 47. 44. 24BT <visual symbols >

dimensional typeUSE three-dimensional type

dimensionsCL P. 5. 64. 59SN Measures of distance

and densityBT measuresNT <absolute measurements >

<relative measurements >appearing sizedot gaindots per inchpixels per inchtext sizestype-height

DIN 1658CL C. 44. 74. 72. 30BT typeface classifications

dingbatsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51. 3BT printer’s ornaments

directional signsCL W. 23. 83. 21BT signs

directoriesCL W. 29. 14. 27BT <communicative works >

dirt (printing flaws)USE hickeys (printing flaws)

discretionary hyphenCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33. 4UF soft hyphenBT hyphen

display advertisementsCL W. 29. 14. 10. 5UF display advertisingBT advertisementsRT advertising

advertising design

display advertisingUSE display advertisements

display facesUSE display typefaces

display matterCL V. 47. 35. 26UF display settingBT <textual elements by

function >Display PostScript

CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3. 3UF DPSBT PostScript

display settingUSE display matter

display sizeCL P. 5. 64. 59. 73. 5BT text sizes

display typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 27. 28UF display facesBT <typefaces by function >

ditchesCL V. 10. 84. 5. 13. 4SN The space between col-

umns of typeBT character space

ditheringCL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 42BT <digital rendering proc-

esses >do-it-yourself manuals

CL W. 29. 14. 49. 19BT manuals

dodecagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 24BT <geometric plane figures  >

dollar signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 22BT currency symbols

dot aboveCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 29UF overdotBT <specific accent marks >

dot belowCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 33UF underdotBT <specific accent marks >

dot gainCL P. 5. 64. 59. 38BT dimensions

dot leadersCL V. 19. 10. 14BT <nontextual elements by

form >dot-matrix printers

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.34. 26

BT <printers by method >dotless i

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 33UF undotted iBT <specific letters >

dotless jCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 38UF undotted jBT <specific letters >

dots per inchCL P. 5. 64. 59. 46UF DPIBT dimensions

double acute accentCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 36UF Hungarian umlautBT <specific accent marks >

double daggerCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 24BT <specific symbols  >

double quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 5.

4BT <quotation marks by

function >double rules

CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 24UF compound rule

Scotch ruleBT <rules by form >NT French rules

double-page spreadUSE spread

doubling (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 24BT printing flaws

82 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

down-style capitalizationUSE sentence-style capitali-

zationDPI

USE dots per inchDPS

USE Display PostScriptdrafts

CL W. 62. 32BT <created works by stage of

production >drop caps

CL V. 47. 27. 79. 4UF dropped initial capsBT versals

drop foliosCL V. 28. 49. 35UF dropped foliosBT page numbers

drop-shadowsCL V. 19. 21. 24. 49BT decorative elements

dropline paragraphsUSE indent on point

dropouts (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 33BT printing flaws

dropped foliosUSE drop folios

dropped initial capsUSE drop caps

drum scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.

26BT scanners

DTPUSE desktop publishing

duck feetUSE guillemets

dumb quotesUSE straight quotes

dummiesCL W. 62. 34BT <created works by stage of

production >duotone processes

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 34BT <photomechanical proc-

esses >

dust jacketsUSE book jacket

Dutch (style)CL S. 5. 44. 10BT European

Dutch Old Style typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 26BT <typefaces by style >

Dutch typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 28BT <typefaces by style >

DVD drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59. 5BT optical drivesRT DVDs

DVDsCL C. 21. 44. 62. 5UF Digital Video DiscsBT optical storage mediaRT DVD drives

dye-dublimation printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

34. 35BT <printers by method >

dyesCL O. 5. 22BT materials

e-mailCL W. 29. 14. 21. 35UF emailBT correspondence

EAUSE editor’s alterations

ear (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 37BT <character parts >

Easter Island scriptCL C. 44. 90. 275BT <specific writing sys-

tems >EBCDIC

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 22BT <specific character sets >

economicsCL A. 21. 75. 34UF businessBT social sciences

edhUSE eth

EDIUSE electronic data inter-

changeediting

CL A. 10. 44. 27BT <production activities  >NT copy editingRT editors

editorsCL E. 3. 3. 36BT <people by occupation >NT copyeditorsRT editing

editor’s alterationsCL W. 62. 10. 33UF EABT alterations

education (discipline)CL A. 21. 75. 40BT social sciencesRT schools

continuing educationgraduate programslearningteachingprofessional educationeducational expenses

educational expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 14BT expensesRT education (discipline)

Egyptian serifUSE slab serif

Egyptian typefacesUSE slab-serif typefaces

electronic data interchangeCL C. 10. 36. 4UF EDIBT communication proto-

colselectronic type

USE digital fontselectrophotographic printers

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 29BT printing equipment

electrostatic printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 34BT <printing methods  >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 83

electrotype processesCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 40BT <printing methods  >

elementary schoolsCL L. 60. 10. 29BT <schools by education

level >elevated caps

CL V. 47. 27. 79. 6UF pop caps

standing capsraised initialstick-up initial

BT versalselite type

CL C. 44. 74. 44. 21BT <typefaces by visual

form >ellipses

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 30BT <geometric plane figures  >NT circles

ellipsisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 28UF points of suspension

horizontal ellipsisBT <specific punctuation

characters >NT vertical ellipsis

emCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 31UF mutton

mollymary

BT <type dimensions >em dash

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.17

BT dashNT joining em dash

punctuating em dashem fractions

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.36

BT fractionsem quad

USE em spaceem space

CL V. 10. 84. 3. 15UF em quad

em square

BT <whitespace by dimen-sions >

em squareUSE em space

emailUSE e-mail

emakimonoCL W. 23. 78. 4BT scrolls

embedded fontsUSE font embedding

embossingCL A. 44. 51. 35. 32BT finishing (production

process)NT blind embossing

employee manualsUSE personnel manuals

employeesCL E. 3. 5. 43BT <people by relationship >RT hiring

employmentCL A. 10. 67BT <activities  >NT career development

careersfreelancinghiringpromotion

RT job trainingen

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 36UF nutBT <type dimensions >

en dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.

26BT dash

en fractionsUSE horizontal fractions

en quadUSE en space

en spaceCL V. 10. 84. 3. 23UF en quad

en squareBT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >

en squareUSE en space

Encapsulated PostScriptUSE EPS

encyclopaediasUSE encyclopedias

encyclopediasCL W. 29. 14. 29UF encyclopaediasBT <communicative works >

end marksCL V. 19. 21. 30BT <nontextual elements by

function >end matter

CL W. 10. 33UF endmatter

back matterbackmatter

BT <components of a createdwork >

NT appendixesbibliographiesglossariesindexes

endmatterUSE end matter

endnotesCL V. 47. 35. 30BT <textual elements by

function >eng

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 43BT <specific letters >

English (style)CL S. 5. 44. 19BT European

engraving (printing process)CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 32BT intaglioRT engravings (prints)

engravings (prints)CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 4BT intaglio printsNT mezzotintsRT engraving (printing

process)entertainment expenses

CL P. 3. 10. 33. 20BT expenses

84 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

envelopesCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 20. 4BT <paper products >

epigraphsCL W. 23. 42. 24SN Inscriptions on build-

ings, sculpture, orother artificial struc-tures

BT inscriptionsepigraphy

CL A. 21. 32. 32. 32BT history

epistemologyCL A. 21. 32. 61. 17BT philosophy

epitaphsCL W. 23. 42. 36SN Inscriptions on tomb-

stonesBT inscriptions

EPSCL C. 32. 3. 50. 3. 5UF Encapsulated Post-

ScriptBT PostScript

equationsUSE mathematical equations

equipmentCL O. 3. 5. 44SN Typically stationary

objects used in pro-duction

BT <objects by function >NT computer hardware

machinesprinting equipmentsuppliestypesetting equipment

equityCL P. 3. 10. 10. 36BT <financial balance meas-

ures >errata

CL W. 10. 38UF erratumBT <components of a created

work >

erratumUSE errata

escapementCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 41BT <type dimensions >

essaysCL W. 36. 17BT <created works by genre >

estheticsCL A. 21. 32. 61. 27UF aestheticsBT philosophy

estimated tax paymentsCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 29BT taxes

estimatesUSE price estimates

eszettCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 48BT <specific letters >

etching (production process)CL A. 44. 51. 30BT <production processes  >RT etchings (prints)

etchings (prints)CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 6BT intaglio printsNT aquatintsRT etching (production

process)eth

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 53UF edhBT <specific letters >

ethelCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 58BT <specific letters >

ethicsCL A. 21. 32. 61. 36BT philosophy

Etruscan alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 287BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Euro symbol

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 24BT currency symbols

EuropeanCL S. 5. 44BT <styles by region >

NT Dutch (style)English (style)French (style)German (style)Italian (style)Spanish (style)

European numeralsUSE Arabic numerals

ex-heightUSE x-height

exception dictionaryCL C. 27. 10. 53. 4BT hyphenation dictionar-

iesexclamation point

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 52BT <specific punctuation

characters >exclusion zones

CL V. 38. 46SN measurement of

whitespace around alogo or brand

BT <positional elements >exhibition catalogs

CL W. 29. 14. 18. 36BT catalogs

exhibitionsCL A. 32. 55BT <events >

exhibitsCL W. 23. 34BT <created works by form >

expandedCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 48UF extendedBT <type styles by density >

expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33UF costsBT <financial concepts >NT educational expenses

entertainment expensesinsurancemortgagesoverheadrentsalariesshipping expensestaxestransportation expenses

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 85

travel expensesexpert fonts

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 36UF alternate fonts

expert-set fontsBT <typefaces by function >

expert-set fontsUSE expert fonts

explicitsCL W. 10. 43BT <components of a created

work >Expressionist

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 29BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

extendedUSE expanded

extended ASCIICL C. 44. 20. 3. 32UF high-bit ASCIIBT <specific character sets >

extenderCL V. 47. 10. 41BT <character parts >NT ascender

descenderExtensible Markup Language

USE XMLextra bold

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 42BT <type styles by weight >

extra leadCL V. 10. 15BT <dimensional elements >

extractsUSE block quotations

eye (type)USE bowl (character parts)

fablesCL W. 36. 21BT <created works by genre >

fabricCL O. 3. 3. 73. 42BT surfaces

face (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 21SN The printing surface of

a unit of type

BT <parts of a unit of type  >face margins

USE outside marginsfair use

CL P. 3. 22. 10. 16. 4UF fair-use provisionBT copyright

fair-use provisionUSE fair use

fairy talesCL W. 36. 25BT <created works by genre >

fake small capsCL V. 47. 44. 50. 73. 4BT small caps

false titlesUSE bastard titles

family treesCL W. 29. 22. 25BT <genealogical works >

fan foldUSE accordion folds

Far SoomaaliUSE Osmanya alphabet

fat facesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 31BT <typefaces by style >

FauvistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 32BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

featheringUSE vertical justification

feesUSE prices

felt-tip markersUSE markers

fictionCL W. 36. 48. 25UF works of fictionBT literary worksNT mysteries

romance novelsscience fiction

fiducial boxCL V. 19. 10. 21SN A box with rounded

corners

BT <nontextual elements byform >

field guidesCL W. 29. 61BT <created works by func-

tion >figure space

CL V. 10. 84. 3. 32BT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >figures (illustrations)

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4UF floats

floating figuresBT illustrations (visual

elements)NT <figures by function >

figures (numerals)USE numerals

file compressionCL C. 49. 25BT <transformations of in-

formation >RT file formats

file conversionCL C. 49. 34BT <transformations of in-

formation >RT file formats

file formatsCL C. 27. 10. 30BT <representations of data >NT graphics file formats

<specific file formats  >RT file conversion

file compressionFile Transfer Protocol

USE FTPfiles, data

USE data filesfiligree

CL V. 19. 10. 28BT <nontextual elements by

form >fillet

CL V. 47. 10. 44BT <character parts >

film (performing arts)CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 30BT performing artsRT motion pictures

86 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

film creditsUSE film titles

film titlesCL W. 23. 37UF film credits

movie titlesmovie credits

BT <created works by form >films (cinema)

USE motion picturesfilmsetting

USE phototypesettingfilmstrip fonts

USE photographic fontsfin de siècle

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 37BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

financial planningCL A. 10. 10. 5. 48BT financial practicesNT budgeting

financial practicesCL A. 10. 10. 5BT <business and economic

activities >NT accounting

amortizationbillingdepreciationfinancial planningfinancial reportsfinancingpensions

financial reportsCL A. 10. 10. 5. 54BT financial practicesNT balance sheets

cash flow statementsprofit and loss state-

mentsfinancing

CL A. 10. 10. 5. 61BT financial practices

finding aidsCL W. 29. 65BT <created works by func-

tion >NT archival catalogs

archival guides

fine artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 37BT visual arts

fine press movementCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 39BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

fine pressesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 33BT presses

fine pressworkCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 6. 4BT presswork

fine printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 45BT printing

fine rulesUSE hairline rules

finial (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 83. 45BT terminal

finials (characters)CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11. 4UF terminal charactersBT alternate characters

finished artworkUSE artwork

finished roughsUSE comps

finishing (production process)CL A. 44. 51. 35BT <production processes  >NT binding (production

process)embossinglaminationmachine stamping

first half-titlesUSE bastard titles

first proofsCL W. 62. 67. 28BT proofs

first revisesUSE revised proofs

first-line indentUSE paragraph indents

first-order characterCL C. 44. 13. 10. 20BT <characters by form >

fitCL P. 5. 35. 10. 21BT <properties of running

text >NT closed up

French spacingfitting

USE copyfittingfixed folios

CL V. 28. 49. 46BT page numbers

fixed-width typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 28UF monospaced typefacesBT <typefaces by visual

form >FL

USE ragged rightFL&R

USE justifiedFlash

USE Macromedia Flash(software)

flash drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 75. 4UF thumb drivesBT solid-state drives

flat-plate gravureCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 45BT intaglio

flatbed scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.

37BT scanners

fleuronsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51. 5UF printer’s flowersBT printer’s ornaments

flexographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 4. 4BT letterpress printing

flip booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 24BT <books by form >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 87

floating figuresUSE figures (illustrations)

floatsUSE figures (illustrations)

floppy disksCL C. 21. 44. 10. 4BT <magnetic storage me-

dia >RT floppy drives

floppy drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 20BT data storage devicesRT floppy disks

flourishesCL V. 19. 21. 24. 69. 4BT ornaments

flow diagramUSE flowcharts

flowchartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 41UF flow diagramBT <figures by function >

flush and hangUSE hanging indents

flush and hungUSE hanging indents

flush leftUSE ragged right

flush left and rightUSE justified

flush rightUSE ragged left

flush spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 24BT <whitespace by function >

flutter foldsCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 49BT <paper folds >

flyleavesCL W. 10. 48BT <components of a created

work >

FMUSE front matter

FNUSE footnotes

foldout booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 81. 4BT three-dimensional

booksfolios (typography)

USE page numbersfolk tales

CL W. 36. 30BT <created works by genre >

font classificationsUSE typeface classifications

font editorsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 37BT <software by function >

font embeddingCL C. 49. 43UF embedded fontsBT <transformations of in-

formation >font families

USE type familiesfont management software

CL C. 27. 62. 4. 44UF font managersBT <software by function >

font managersUSE font management soft-

warefont metrics

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 46BT <type dimensions >

font smoothingUSE anti-aliasing

fontsUSE typefaces

foot (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 28BT <parts of a unit of type  >

foot foliosCL V. 28. 49. 56BT page numbers

foot marginsUSE bottom margins

foot trimCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77. 26BT trim (measure)

footerUSE running feet

footnote callsUSE reference marks

footnotesCL V. 47. 35. 35UF FNBT <textual elements by

function >for position only

USE position printsforce-justified

CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 38. 4BT justified

fore edgeCL O. 3. 5. 21. 35BT <parts of a book >

forewordCL W. 10. 53. 40BT front matter

forgeriesCL W. 55. 4BT <created works by social

context >form letters

CL W. 29. 14. 21. 46BT correspondence

formatting codesCL C. 27. 10. 41BT <representations of data >

forward slashUSE virgule

foul copyCL W. 62. 67. 30SN Superseded proofsUF foul proofsBT proofs

foul proofsUSE foul copy

foundationsCL E. 5. 55. 4BT institutions

88 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

founder’s typeUSE foundry type

foundry typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 50SN Metal type purchased

as individual charac-ters and meant to bereused

UF founder’s typeBT type (objects)

fountsUSE typefaces

four-color processesCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 46UF four-colour process

full colorfull colour

BT <printing methods  >four-colour process

USE four-color processesFPO

USE position printsFR

USE ragged leftfractals

CL P. 3. 34. 3. 4BT algorithms

fraction barCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86.

38SN Slash character used in

forming fractionsBT slash

fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5BT Arabic numeralsNT case fractions

diagonal fractionsem fractionshorizontal fractionspiece fractionssolidus fractions

FrakturCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 21BT blackletter

Fraktur variant typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 33BT <typefaces by style >

Fraser alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 300BT <specific writing sys-

tems >freelancing

CL A. 10. 67. 41BT employment

French (style)CL S. 5. 44. 28BT European

French curvesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 12. 3BT curves

French quotesUSE guillemets

French RenaissanceCL S. 3. 70. 3BT Renaissance

French rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 24. 3SN Double rules divided by

diamondsBT double rules

French spacingCL P. 5. 35. 10. 21. 5BT fit

front (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 35BT <parts of a unit of type  >

front edgeCL O. 3. 5. 21. 41BT <parts of a book >

front matterCL W. 10. 53UF frontmatter

FMprelimspreliminaries

BT <components of a createdwork >

NT acknowledgmentsad cardsbastard titlesCataloging-in-

Publication Datacopyright pagesforewordfrontispieceshalf-titlespart titlesprefaces

series titlestables of contentstitle pages

frontispiecesCL W. 10. 53. 46BT front matter

frontmatterUSE front matter

FSS-UTFUSE UTF-8

FTPCL C. 10. 46. 10UF File Transfer ProtocolBT computer communica-

tion protocolsfull color

USE four-color processesfull colour

USE four-color processesfull measure

USE type measurefull stop

USE periodfull-color bleed

CL V. 28. 11. 4BT bleed

fullwidth charactersCL C. 44. 13. 10. 31UF zenkakuBT <characters by form >

fully justifiedUSE justified

furniture (typesetting instru-ments)

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 28BT typesetting equipment

FutharkCL C. 44. 90. 312BT <specific writing sys-

tems >RT runes

FuturistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 41BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

galleriesCL V. 19. 21. 37BT <nontextual elements by

function >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 89

galley proofsCL W. 62. 67. 35UF galleysBT proofs

galleysUSE galley proofs

gamesCL W. 29. 30. 4BT <works of entertain-

ment >NT board games

video gamesgamma

CL P. 5. 64. 30. 41SN slope of a curve relating

input densities andoutput dot sizes

BT <measures of visiblelight >

RT scannersgamut

CL P. 5. 64. 30. 51SN range of colors an out-

put device is capableof producing

UF color gamutBT <measures of visible

light >ganging

CL A. 10. 44. 32SN Printing more than one

piece on a press si-multaneously

BT <production activities  >Garalde typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 35BT <typefaces by style >

gazetteersCL W. 29. 14. 24. 4BT dictionaries

generic markupUSE markup languages

genogramsCL W. 29. 22. 38BT <genealogical works >

geographyCL A. 21. 75. 48BT social sciences

geometric figuresCL V. 19. 10. 35BT <nontextual elements by

form >NT <geometric plane figures  >

<geometric solids  >lines (geometry)planes (geometry)spirals

geometric letterformsCL V. 47. 44. 50. 34UF constructed letterformsBT letterforms

geometric typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 35BT <typefaces by visual

form >geometry

CL P. 3. 34. 5BT <mathematical concepts  >

German (style)CL S. 5. 44. 38BT European

Ge’ez (writing system)CL C. 44. 90. 325BT <specific writing sys-

tems >ghosting

CL V. 56. 65. 43UF show-throughBT printing flaws

gift booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 35BT <books by function >

GlagoliticCL C. 44. 90. 337BT <specific writing sys-

tems >glossaries

CL W. 10. 33. 46BT end matter

glyphic typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 38BT <typefaces by style >

glyphsCL C. 44. 32SN Visual manifestations

of graphemesBT <representations of lan-

guage >

golden meanUSE golden section

golden ratioUSE golden section

golden sectionCL P. 5. 64. 41. 4UF golden mean

golden ratioBT <ratios >

Gothic alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 350BT <specific writing sys-

tems >gradient fills

USE gradientsgradients

CL P. 5. 27. 5UF gradient fillsBT <properties of color and

brightness >graduate programs

CL A. 10. 35. 29BT <education and train-

ing >RT education (discipline)

graffitiCL W. 23. 42. 51BT inscriptions

grainCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 30. 4BT <paper properties >

grant proposalsCL W. 29. 14. 32BT <communicative works >

graphemesUSE characters

graphic artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 51BT visual artsNT information graphics

graphic designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35BT designNT catalog design

package designtype designtypography

90 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

graphic novelsCL W. 16. 43BT <created works by con-

tents >RT comics

graphic typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 41BT <typefaces by style >

graphical user interfacesCL C. 27. 62. 4. 83. 4UF GUIBT user interfaces

graphics file formatsCL C. 27. 10. 30. 4UF image file formatsBT file formats

Graphics Interchange FormatUSE GIF (file format)

graphics tabletsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 21BT input devices

graphsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52BT <figures by function >NT bar graphs

line graphsscatter graphs

grave accentCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 40BT <specific accent marks >

gravureUSE photogravure

grayscaleCL O. 3. 5. 10. 10. 4BT <calibrating instuments >

grayscale imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43. 42BT images

grayscale printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

10. 51BT <printers by chromatic-

ity >Greek alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 362BT <specific writing sys-

tems >

greekingCL V. 47. 35. 40BT <textual elements by

function >greeting cards

CL W. 23. 24. 46BT cardsNT Christmas cards

valentinesgrid systems

CL V. 38. 52BT <positional elements >

gridsCL V. 38. 49UF page gridsBT <positional elements >

grotesque typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 43BT <typefaces by style >NT Akzidenz Grotesk

typefacesGUI

USE graphical user inter-faces

guidebooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 41BT <books by function >

guildsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 29BT <associations by func-

tion >guillemets

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3.39

UF duck feetFrench quotes

BT <quotation marks byform >

Gutenberg BibleCL W. 69. 22BT <specific created works >RT Bible

gutter marginsUSE inside margins

guttersUSE inside margins

H&JUSE hyphenation and

justificationHA

USE house alterationsHaber rule

USE type gaugeshacek

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 48UF caron

wedge (accent mark)BT <specific accent marks >

hagiographiesCL W. 29. 26. 29BT <religious works >

hair spaceCL V. 10. 84. 3. 40BT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >hairline

USE hairline ruleshairline rules

CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 35UF fine rules

hairlineBT <rules by form >

hairline serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 36BT <serif by form >

halantUSE virama

half-titlesCL W. 10. 53. 51BT front matter

half-uncialCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 32BT manuscript hands

halftone processesCL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 52BT <photomechanical proc-

esses >halftone screen printing

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 28BT screen printing

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 91

halfwidth charactersCL C. 44. 13. 10. 42UF hankakuBT <characters by form >

hamzaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 64BT <specific letters >

Han charactersUSE Hanzi

hand bookbindingCL A. 44. 51. 35. 13. 5BT binding (production

process)handbills

CL W. 23. 39BT <created works by form >

handbooksCL W. 29. 14. 35BT <communicative works >

handwritingCL C. 44. 40UF penmanshipBT <representations of lan-

guage >NT handwriting styles

handwriting implementsUSE writing implements

handwriting stylesCL C. 44. 40. 5BT handwritingNT calligraphy

cursivemanuscript handsprinting (handwriting)

hang linesCL V. 38. 56BT <positional elements >

hanging charactersCL V. 47. 27. 32BT <textual elements by

form >NT hanging punctuation

hanging indentionUSE hanging indents

hanging indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 29UF flush and hang

flush and hungbiblio stylehanging indention

BT indents

hanging punctuationCL V. 47. 27. 32. 5UF hung punctuationBT hanging charactersRT punctuation

HangulCL C. 44. 90. 375UF Korean script

Korean (writing sys-tem)

BT <specific writing sys-tems >

hankakuUSE halfwidth characters

HanziCL C. 44. 90. 387UF Han characters

sinogramsBT <specific writing sys-

tems >harakat

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 51BT <specific accent marks >

hard drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 32BT data storage devices

hard hyphenCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33. 6BT hyphen

hard spaceUSE non-breaking space

hardcover booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 33BT <books by form >

hardwareUSE computer hardware

hash markCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 56UF octothorp

numeral signcrosshatchhatchmarknumber sign

BT <specific punctuationcharacters >

hatchmarkUSE hash mark

head (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 42BT <parts of a unit of type  >

head marginsUSE top margins

head rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 35BT <rules by function >

head trimCL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77. 52BT trim (measure)

headerUSE running heads

headingsCL V. 47. 35. 45UF heads (text elements)BT <textual elements by

function >NT <headings by form >

<headings by function >headline style

CL P. 5. 44. 26. 28UF up styleBT capitalization

headlinesCL V. 38. 59BT <positional elements >

headpiecesCL V. 19. 32. 47BT <nontextual elements by

position >heads (text elements)

USE headingsHebrew alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 400BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Hebrew calligraphy

CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 32BT calligraphy

height-to-paperUSE type-height

helicesUSE spirals

heliogravureUSE photogravure

helixUSE spirals

hemispheresCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 42BT <geometric solids  >

92 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

hexagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 38BT <geometric plane figures  >

hickeys (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 53SN Blemishes on proofs or

printed matterUF dirt (printing flaws)BT printing flaws

hieratic scriptCL C. 44. 90. 423BT <specific writing sys-

tems >hieroglyphics

CL C. 44. 83. 25. 28BT <writing systems by

function >high schools

CL L. 60. 10. 42BT <schools by education

level >high-bit ASCII

USE extended ASCIIhigh-resolution proofs

CL W. 62. 67. 42BT proofs

hingeCL O. 3. 5. 21. 49BT <parts of a book >

hinting (digital fonts)CL P. 5. 44. 10. 42BT <properties of typefaces  >RT digital fonts

hiraganaCL C. 44. 90. 435BT <specific writing sys-

tems >hiring

CL A. 10. 67. 53BT employmentNT interviewing (hiring)RT employees

historiesCL W. 36. 35BT <created works by genre >

historyCL A. 21. 32. 32BT humanitiesNT art history

epigraphypaleography

papyrologyhome offices

CL L. 80. 4UF SOHOBT workplaces

home pagesCL W. 23. 88. 32. 5BT Web pages

hook (accent mark)USE ogonek

horizontal ellipsisUSE ellipsis

horizontal fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.

48UF en fractions

nut fractionsBT fractions

horizontal rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 44BT <rules by form >

hornbooksCL W. 29. 69BT <created works by func-

tion >hot metal composition

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 47. 5BT metal composition

house alterationsCL W. 62. 10. 44UF HABT alterations

house fontCL C. 44. 74. 27. 45BT <typefaces by function >

HTMLCL C. 32. 3. 40. 20UF Hypertext Markup

LanguageBT markup languages

HTTPCL C. 10. 46. 22UF Hypertext Transfer

ProtocolBT computer communica-

tion protocolsHumane typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 45BT <typefaces by style >

humanist typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 47BT <typefaces by style >

humanitiesCL A. 21. 32BT <disciplines >NT arts

historyliteraturephilosophyreligion

hung punctuationUSE hanging punctuation

Hungarian runesUSE Orkhon

Hungarian umlautUSE double acute accent

hymnalsCL W. 29. 26. 36BT <religious works >RT songbooks

hyperbolasCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 44BT <geometric plane figures  >

hypertextCL W. 29. 14. 38BT <communicative works >

Hypertext Markup LanguageUSE HTML

Hypertext Transfer ProtocolUSE HTTP

hyphenCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33BT <specific punctuation

characters >NT discretionary hyphen

hard hyphenhyphenation

CL P. 5. 35. 39. 25UF hyphenation algorithmsBT hyphenation and

justificationNT ranked hyphenation

hyphenation algorithmsUSE hyphenation

hyphenation and justificationCL P. 5. 35. 39UF H&JBT <properties of layout  >NT hyphenation

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 93

justificationline breakingtruncated setting

hyphenation dictionariesCL C. 27. 10. 53BT <representations of data >NT exception dictionary

hyphenation zonesCL V. 38. 62BT <positional elements >

hyphosCL V. 56. 80. 13. 29SN A hyphenated widowBT bad breaks

I/O devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5BT computer peripheralsNT computer terminals

input devicesoutput devices

I18NUSE internationalization

iconographic systemsCL C. 55. 25BT <visual symbol systems >

icons (computer systems)CL C. 55. 37BT <visual symbol systems >

icons (interface elements)CL V. 47. 44. 32BT <visual symbols >

ictusCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 42BT <specific scansion marks >

ideogramsUSE logograms

ideographsUSE logograms

idiot filesCL W. 62. 40BT <created works by stage of

production >illuminated manuscripts

CL W. 42. 5. 5BT manuscripts (hand-

written works)illustrated books

CL W. 23. 19. 10. 54BT <books by content >

illustrated magazinesCL W. 16. 47BT <created works by con-

tents >illustration (activity)

CL A. 10. 27. 39SN The creation of illus-

trations (visual ele-ments)

BT <design and creation ac-tivities >

NT book illustrationscientific illustrationtechnical illustration

RT illustratorsillustrations (visual

elements)illustrations (visual elements)

CL V. 19. 21. 44BT <nontextual elements by

function >NT figures (illustrations)

plates (pages)RT illustration (activity)

illustratorsCL E. 3. 3. 42BT <people by occupation >RT illustration (activity)

image databasesCL C. 21. 20. 54BT databases

image file formatsUSE graphics file formats

imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43BT <nontextual elements by

form >NT computer generated

imagescontinuous-tone artgrayscale imagesraster imagesthumbnails

imagesettersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 43BT printing equipmentNT capstan imagesetters

impositionCL A. 10. 44. 36SN Arrangement of

printed pages for as-sembling into sig-natures

UF page impositionBT <production activities  >RT signatures

ImpressionistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 43BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

imprintsCL V. 47. 44. 38BT <visual symbols >RT colophons

incipitsCL W. 10. 60BT <components of a created

work >Incise typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 49BT <typefaces by style >

incomeCL P. 3. 10. 49BT <financial concepts >NT royalties

income taxesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 44BT taxes

incunabulaCL W. 23. 19. 41. 54UF incunabulumBT <books by production

process >incunabulum

USE incunabulaindent on point

CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 40UF dropline paragraphsBT indents

indentationUSE indents

indentionUSE indents

indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34UF indentation

indention

94 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

BT <whitespace by function >NT box indents

hanging indentsindent on pointparagraph indentsrelative indentsrunning indents

index (pointing hand)USE printer’s fist

indexesCL W. 10. 33. 60BT end matter

Indian Script Code for Infor-mation Interchange

USE ISCIIIndic numerals

USE Arabic-Indic digitsIndo-European languages

CL C. 79. 3. 3. 22BT <specific language fami-

lies >industrial design

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 45BT design

industryUSE commerce

inferiorsUSE subscripts

infinity symbolCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 38BT <specific symbols  >

information architectureCL A. 21. 75. 56. 4BT information scienceRT information design

information designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 54BT designRT information architec-

tureinformation graphics

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 51. 5BT graphic arts

information literacyCL P. 5. 10. 26BT <measures of ability  >

information scienceCL A. 21. 75. 56BT social sciences

NT information architec-ture

library scienceinformation systems

CL C. 32. 5BT <information processing

systems >information technology

CL A. 21. 44BT <disciplines >

initialsUSE versals

inkCL O. 5. 43BT materials

ink trapCL V. 47. 10. 48UF ink wellBT <character parts >

ink wellUSE ink trap

inkjet printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

34. 49BT <printers by method >

inlineCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 20BT character styles

inline subheadUSE run-ins

inner capsCL P. 5. 44. 26. 43BT capitalization

inner marginsUSE inside margins

input devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43UF computer input devicesBT I/O devicesNT graphics tablets

keyboardsmicescanners

inscriptionsCL W. 23. 42SN Textual matter written

on an object otherthan a conventionalwriting surface

BT <created works by form >

NT epigraphsepitaphsgraffiti

inside marginsCL V. 38. 72. 34UF gutter margins

guttersinner marginsback margins

BT marginsinstallations

CL W. 23. 44BT <created works by form >NT kiosks

institutionsCL E. 5. 55BT organizationsNT foundationsRT schools

instructional guidesCL W. 16. 52BT <created works by con-

tents >instructional manuals

USE manualsInsular hand

CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 34BT manuscript hands

insuranceCL P. 3. 10. 33. 28BT expenses

intaglioCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52BT <printing methods  >NT copperplate printing

engraving (printingprocess)

flat-plate gravurephotogravure

RT intaglio printsintaglio prints

CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38BT <prints by process >NT engravings (prints)

etchings (prints)RT intaglio

intellectual propertyCL P. 3. 22. 10. 34UF IP (intellectual prop-

erty)

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 95

BT <intellectual propertylaw >

interaction designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 62BT design

interactive mediaCL C. 15. 34BT <communication media >

intercharacter spaceCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30BT <properties of running

text >NT kerning

letterspacinginterline space

USE leadinginterlinear texts

CL W. 16. 56BT <created works by con-

tents >International Phonetic Alpha-bet

CL C. 44. 90. 437UF IPABT <specific writing sys-

tems >International System of Typo-graphic Picture Education

USE IsotypeInternational TypographicStyle

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 27UF Swiss design

Swiss styleBT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >internationalization

CL A. 10. 27. 49UF I18NBT <design and creation ac-

tivities >Internet

CL C. 15. 36BT <communication media >

interviewing (hiring)CL A. 10. 67. 53. 5UF job interviewsBT hiring

interword spaceUSE word space

introductionsCL W. 10. 65BT <components of a created

work >inverted commas

USE single quotesinverted exclamation point

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 42BT <specific punctuation

characters >inverted question mark

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 46BT <specific punctuation

characters >invitations

CL W. 29. 14. 41BT <communicative works >NT wedding invitations

iota subscriptCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 44BT <specific accent marks >

IP (intellectual property)USE intellectual property

IPAUSE International Phonetic

AlphabetIron Age

CL S. 3. 40BT <styles by period >

ISCIICL C. 44. 20. 3. 34UF Indian Script Code for

Information Inter-change

BT <specific character sets >ISO 10646 UCS-2

USE UCS-2ISO 10646 UCS-4

USE UCS-4ISO 8859-1

USE ISO Latin-1ISO Latin-1

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 40UF ISO 8859-1BT <specific character sets >

ISO/IEC 10646USE UCS

IsotypeCL V. 47. 44. 40UF Isotype System

International System ofTypographic PictureEducation

BT <visual symbols >Isotype System

USE IsotypeItalian (style)

CL S. 5. 44. 47BT European

Italian RenaissanceCL S. 3. 70. 5BT Renaissance

italicsCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 28BT character styles

jacket blurbUSE jacket flap copy

jacket flap copyCL W. 10. 70UF blurb

jacket blurbBT <components of a created

work >RT book jacket

jacketsUSE book jacket

jaggiesUSE aliasing

Japanese (style)CL S. 5. 35. 5BT AsianNT Ukiyo-e

Japanese calligraphyCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 44BT calligraphyNT sho

Java (programming language)CL C. 32. 3. 60. 22BT programming lan-

guagesJIS

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 46BT <specific character sets >

96 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

job fontsCL C. 44. 74. 27. 53UF job typesBT <typefaces by function >

job interviewsUSE interviewing (hiring)

job trainingCL A. 10. 35. 37BT <education and train-

ing >RT employment

job typesUSE job fonts

joining em dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.

17. 40UF joining em ruleBT em dash

joining em ruleUSE joining em dash

jointCL O. 3. 5. 21. 56BT <parts of a book >

joint venturesCL E. 5. 28. 37. 4BT business ventures

journalsCL W. 49. 6. 32BT periodicals

JPEG (file format)USE JPEG/JFIF (file for-

mat)Jugendstil

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 46BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

jump linesCL V. 47. 35. 50UF carryover lineBT <textual elements by

function >junior colleges

CL L. 60. 10. 10. 3. 5BT colleges

junior high schoolsCL L. 60. 10. 55BT <schools by education

level >

justificationCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38BT hyphenation and

justificationNT linesettings

vertical justificationjustification zones

CL V. 38. 65BT <positional elements >

justifiedCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 38UF fully justified

flush left and rightFL&R

BT linesettingsNT force-justified

kakemonoCL W. 23. 78. 6BT scrolls

kanaCL C. 44. 90. 462BT <specific writing sys-

tems >kanji

CL C. 44. 90. 464BT <specific writing sys-

tems >kappa number

CL P. 5. 64. 10. 4SN A measure of lignin

content in paperBT <measures of other

physical properties >katakana

CL C. 44. 90. 487BT <specific writing sys-

tems >keepsakes (books)

CL W. 29. 18. 32BT <documentary works >

kernCL V. 47. 10. 52BT <character parts >

kerningCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4BT intercharacter spaceNT automatic kerning

manual kerningoptical kerning

keyboardingCL A. 10. 44. 40BT <production activities  >

keyboardsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 34BT input devices

keylinesCL V. 38. 69SN Outlines indicating the

position of materialto be placed later

BT <positional elements >keys

CL V. 19. 21. 50SN Lists of symbols (char-

acters) used in illus-trations (visualelements)

BT <nontextual elements byfunction >

kiosksCL W. 23. 44. 5BT installations

Klingon alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 489BT <specific writing sys-

tems >knockouts

CL V. 28. 34BT <page elements  >

Korean (writing system)USE Hangul

Korean scriptUSE Hangul

krouzekUSE overring

L10NUSE localization

labelsCL W. 29. 14. 44UF tagsBT <communicative works >NT bookplates

labor costsUSE salaries

lachrymal terminalUSE teardrop terminal

laid paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 48BT <paper types by form >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 97

laminationCL A. 44. 51. 35. 50BT finishing (production

process)language

CL C. 73SN The human capacity

for speech and re-lated acts (signing,writing, etc.)

RT linguisticslanguages

CL C. 79SN Mutually intelligible

systems of languageUF dialects

lectsNT <language groups >

<specific languages  >RT linguistics

laptopsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56. 5UF portable computersBT personal computers

large format printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

22. 4BT <printers by function >

large format scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.

50BT scanners

large print booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 43BT <books by form >

laser printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

34. 60BT <printers by method >

Latin alphabetUSE Roman alphabet

Latin AmericanCL S. 5. 18. 21BT <styles of the Americas  >

Latin typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 51BT <typefaces by style >

lawsCL P. 3. 22. 45BT <legal concepts >

layout (activity)CL A. 44. 51. 41UF page layout

mise-en-pageBT <production processes  >RT layouts (works)

layouts (works)CL W. 62. 42BT <created works by stage of

production >RT layout (activity)

lcUSE lowercase letters

LCDCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 30UF liquid crystal displaysBT output devices

leadingCL P. 5. 35. 50UF baseline skip

interline spacelinefeed (measurement)line spacing

BT <properties of layout  >leading scale

USE line gaugesleaf books

USE looseleaf bookslearning

CL A. 10. 35. 44BT <education and train-

ing >RT education (discipline)

leasesUSE rent

leasingUSE rent

lectsUSE languages

lecturesCL W. 36. 40BT <created works by genre >

left raggedUSE ragged left

left-to-right (writing direction)CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 45UF LTRBT writing direction

legal correspondenceCL W. 29. 14. 21. 60BT correspondence

legal noticesCL W. 29. 14. 15. 51BT announcements

legendsUSE captions

legends (stories)CL W. 36. 44BT <created works by genre >

legibilityCL P. 5. 35. 10. 37BT <properties of running

text >letterforms

CL V. 47. 44. 50BT <visual symbols >NT alternate characters

geometric letterformsornamented letterformssmall caps

RT type designletterhead

CL W. 29. 14. 46BT <communicative works >

letterpress printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 4BT relief printingNT flexography

letters (characters)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4UF alphabetic charactersBT alphanumeric charac-

tersNT <specific letters >

lowercase letterstitlecaseuppercase letters

letters (correspondence)CL W. 29. 14. 21. 69BT correspondence

letterspacingCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 6BT intercharacter space

lettrinesUSE versals

liabilitiesCL P. 3. 10. 10. 57BT <financial balance meas-

ures >

98 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

NT accounts payabledebts

librariesCL L. 41

library scienceCL A. 21. 75. 56. 6BT information science

librettosCL W. 16. 14. 33BT <musical and theatrical

works >licenses

CL P. 3. 22. 10. 46UF licensingBT <intellectual property

law >licensing

USE licensesligatures

CL V. 47. 44. 56BT <visual symbols >NT tied letters

lightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 55UF lightfaceBT <type styles by weight >

lightfaceUSE light

limp vellumCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 82. 5BT vellum

line artCL V. 19. 10. 50BT <nontextual elements by

form >line breaking

CL P. 5. 35. 39. 51UF text wrapping

paragraph wrappingBT hyphenation and

justificationline gauges

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 29UF leading scaleBT <measuring instru-

ments >line graphs

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 45BT graphs

line lengthUSE type measure

line spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 43UF white lineBT <whitespace by function >

line spacingUSE leading

linecastersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 4BT typesetters (equipment)NT Linotype (typesetting

equipment)linefeed (measurement)

USE leadinglines (geometry)

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 46BT geometric figures

linesettingsCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4BT justificationNT centered

justifiedragged

linguisticsCL A. 21. 75. 64BT social sciencesNT morphology (linguis-

tics)semioticssyntax

RT languagelanguages

lining numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.

28UF ranging figures

capital figuresBT <numerals by form and

function >link (character parts)

CL V. 47. 10. 55BT <character parts >

Linotype (typesetting equip-ment)

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 4. 3UF Linotype systemBT linecasters

Linotype systemUSE Linotype (typesetting

equipment)Linux

USE GNU/Linux (software)linéale typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 55BT <typefaces by style >

liquid crystal displaysUSE LCD

lists of referencesUSE bibliographies

literacyCL P. 5. 10. 40BT <measures of ability  >

literalsUSE typos

literary worksCL W. 36. 48BT <created works by genre >NT fiction

nonfictionpoetry

literatureCL A. 21. 32. 46BT humanities

lithographsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5BT planographic printsNT chromolithographs

photolithographszincographs

RT lithographylithography

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5BT planographic printingNT chromolithography

photolithographyscreenless lithography

RT lithographslittle presses

USE small pressesliturgical manuscripts

CL W. 29. 26. 44BT <religious works >

liturgical worksCL W. 29. 26. 50BT <religious works >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 99

live matterCL W. 62. 44BT <created works by stage of

production >livres d’artistes

CL W. 23. 19. 30. 48BT <books by function >

loansUSE debts

localizationCL A. 10. 27. 60UF L10NBT <design and creation ac-

tivities >locking up

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 40BT <component activities  >

logicCL A. 21. 32. 61. 51BT philosophy

logogramsCL V. 47. 44. 62UF logographs

ideogramsideographs

BT <visual symbols >logographic writing systems

CL C. 44. 83. 58BT writing systems

logographsUSE logograms

logosCL V. 47. 44. 67SN Visual symbols used to

denote a company orother entity

BT <visual symbols >logosyllabaries

CL C. 44. 83. 66BT writing systems

logotypesCL V. 47. 44. 73BT <visual symbols >

longumCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 58BT <specific scansion marks >

loop (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 58BT <character parts >

loose bluesUSE bluelines

loose-leaf bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 32BT <bindings by form >

looseleaf booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 51UF leaf booksBT <books by form >

loupesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 38SN magnifying lensBT <measuring instru-

ments >lower case letters

USE lowercase letterslowercase letters

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 40UF lc

lower case lettersminuscules

BT letters (characters)lozenge

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 20. 5BT diamond

LTRUSE left-to-right (writing

direction)luminosity

CL P. 5. 64. 30. 67BT <measures of visible

light >machine italics

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 49. 5UF slanted roman

slantedsloped roman

BT obliquemachine stamping

CL A. 44. 51. 35. 63BT finishing (production

process)machine unit

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 56BT <relative measurements >

machine-coated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41. 5BT coated paper

machine-finished paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 52BT <paper types by form >

machine-glazed paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 57BT <paper types by form >

machinesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 36BT equipment

MacRomanCL C. 44. 20. 3. 52BT <specific character sets >

macronCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 56BT <specific accent marks >

macrosCL C. 27. 62. 4. 54BT <software by function >

magazinesCL W. 49. 6. 46BT periodicals

Magic RealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 32BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >magnetic tape

CL C. 21. 44. 10. 6BT <magnetic storage me-

dia >mail order catalogs

CL W. 29. 14. 18. 47BT catalogs

main strokeUSE stem

main textCL W. 10. 75BT <components of a created

work >mainframe computers

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 29BT computers

majusculesUSE uppercase letters

makeupUSE page makeup

malpracticeCL P. 3. 22. 70BT <legal concepts >

100 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

Manchu alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 500BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Mandaic script

CL C. 44. 90. 512BT <specific writing sys-

tems >manifestoes

CL W. 55. 6BT <created works by social

context >Manuaire typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 57BT <typefaces by style >

manual kerningCL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 5BT kerning

manualsCL W. 29. 14. 49UF instructional manualsBT <communicative works >NT do-it-yourself manuals

personnel manualstechnical manualsuser manuals

manuscript handsCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52BT handwriting stylesNT chancery hand

half-uncialInsular handprinter’s handuncial

manuscripts (handwrittenworks)

CL W. 42. 5SN Hand-written textual

worksUF MS

MSSBT <created works by means

of production >NT illuminated manu-

scriptsmanuscripts (unedited works)

CL W. 62. 47BT <created works by stage of

production >

mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5UF cartographyBT <cartographic works >NT topographic maps

tourist mapstransportation mapsweather maps

marbled paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 32. 5BT decorative paper

margin kerningUSE character protrusion

marginal notesCL V. 28. 39. 5UF side notesBT marginalia

marginaliaCL V. 28. 39BT <page elements  >NT marginal notes

marginsCL V. 38. 72BT <positional elements >NT bottom margins

inside marginsoutside marginsrunaroundstop margins

mark-up (printing)CL V. 47. 64BT <textual elements >NT proof correction marks

type mark-upmarkers

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 42UF felt-tip markersBT <marking instruments >

marketingCL A. 10. 10. 3. 39BT business practices

marketsCL A. 10. 56. 5BT commerce

markup languagesCL C. 32. 3. 40UF generic markupBT computer languagesNT HTML

SGMLXHTML

XMLmary

USE emmass media

CL C. 15. 57BT <communication media >

master proofsCL W. 62. 50BT <created works by stage of

production >mastheads

CL V. 28. 43BT <page elements  >

matchbooksCL W. 23. 47BT <created works by form >

materialsCL O. 5NT dyes

inkpaints

mathematical equationsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 67UF equationsBT <figures by function >

mathematical typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 57BT <typesetting by applica-

tion >matra

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 59BT <specific accent marks >

matrices (type)USE matrix (type)

matrix (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 51UF matrices (type)BT <parts of a unit of type  >

Mayan glyphsCL C. 44. 90. 525BT <specific writing sys-

tems >mean line

CL V. 47. 18. 67BT <text line elements >

measure (line length)USE type measure

measuresCL P. 5. 64UF units

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 101

BT <properties  >NT <measures of other

physical properties ><measures of quality ><measures of visible

light ><ratios >dimensions

mechanicalsCL W. 62. 53BT <created works by stage of

production >media conversion

CL C. 49. 55BT <transformations of in-

formation >media literacy

CL P. 5. 10. 52BT <measures of ability  >

mediaevalUSE Middle Ages

medievalUSE Middle Ages

MediterraneanCL S. 5. 52BT <styles by region >

memoUSE memoranda

memoirsCL W. 36. 53BT <created works by genre >

memorandaCL W. 29. 14. 52UF memos

memoBT <communicative works >

memory cardsCL C. 21. 44. 22. 5BT <solid state storage me-

dia >memory devices

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 47BT data storage devicesNT RAM

memosUSE memoranda

menus (dining)CL W. 29. 14. 54BT <communicative works >NT wine lists

menus (software)CL V. 47. 35. 55UF pull-down menusBT <textual elements by

function >NT pop-up menus

metal cast typeUSE metal type

metal compositionCL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 47BT <typesetting by medium >NT hot metal composition

metal typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 41UF metal cast type

cast typeBT <type by form >

metaphysicsCL A. 21. 32. 61. 61BT philosophy

mezzotintsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 4. 5BT engravings (prints)

miceCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 47UF mouseBT input devices

microcomputersUSE personal computers

microdensitometersCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 47SN device to measure print

qualityBT <measuring instru-

ments >mid space

CL V. 10. 84. 3. 51UF middle spaceBT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >Middle Ages

CL S. 3. 80UF medieval

mediaevalBT <styles by period >

middle schoolsCL L. 60. 10. 68BT <schools by education

level >

middle spaceUSE mid space

MIME typesCL C. 27. 10. 55BT <representations of data >

miniature booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 59BT <books by form >

minicomputersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 41BT computers

minus leadingUSE negative leading

minus letterspacingUSE negative letterspacing

minusculesUSE lowercase letters

mise-en-pageUSE layout (activity)

MkhedruliCL C. 44. 90. 537BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Modern

CL S. 3. 90BT <styles by period >NT <nineteenth and twenti-

eth century styles ><pre-nineteenth century

styles >modern typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 62BT <typefaces by style >

ModernistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 48BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

modulationCL P. 5. 44. 10. 51BT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

moduleCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 68BT <relative measurements >

Moiré effectCL V. 56. 28BT <visual artifacts  >

102 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

mollyUSE em

moneyCL W. 29. 34. 5UF currencyBT <works of exchange  >NT bills (currency)

coinsMongolian alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 550BT <specific writing sys-

tems >monitors

USE computer displaysmonochrome printers

USE black and white print-ers

monogramsCL V. 47. 27. 47BT <textual elements by

form >monographs

CL W. 29. 14. 57BT <communicative works >

monoline typefacesUSE unmodulated typefaces

monospaced typefacesUSE fixed-width typefaces

Monotype (typesetting equip-ment)

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 6BT typesetters (equipment)

morphology (linguistics)CL A. 21. 75. 64. 50BT linguistics

mortgagesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 36BT expenses

motion picturesCL W. 23. 49UF movies

films (cinema)BT <created works by form >RT film (performing arts)

mouseUSE mice

movable typeUSE moveable type

moveable typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 53UF movable typeBT <type by form >

movie creditsUSE film titles

movie titlesUSE film titles

moviesUSE motion pictures

MSUSE manuscripts (hand-

written works)MSS

USE manuscripts (hand-written works)

multibyte character setsCL C. 44. 20. 5BT character sets

multicolored typeCL P. 5. 81. 60BT type effects

multilingual textsCL W. 16. 61UF bilingual textsBT <created works by con-

tents >multimedia

CL W. 23. 52BT <created works by form >

Multiple Master fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 10BT <digital fonts by format >

museum catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 55BT catalogs

museumsCL L. 52

musicCL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 47BT performing arts

musical typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 68BT <typesetting by applica-

tion >

muttonUSE em

mysteriesCL W. 36. 48. 25. 36BT fiction

Mécane typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 59BT <typefaces by style >

Nabatean scriptCL C. 44. 90. 562BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Nagari

CL C. 44. 90. 575BT <specific writing sys-

tems >nasal hook

USE ogonekNative American languages

CL C. 79. 3. 5. 22BT <specific language

groups >navbars

USE navigation barsnavigation bars

CL V. 47. 35. 60UF navbarsBT <textual elements by

function >Near Eastern

CL S. 5. 61BT <styles by region >NT Persian

negative leadingCL V. 10. 25UF reverse leading

minus leadingBT <dimensional elements >

negative letterspacingCL V. 10. 32UF minus letterspacing

whitespace reductionWSR

BT <dimensional elements >negotiations

CL A. 10. 10. 3. 46BT business practices

nekudotCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 63BT <specific accent marks >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 103

Neo-RomanticistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 54BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

NeoclassicalCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 51BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

neogrotesque typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 64BT <typefaces by style >

neohumanist typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 66BT <typefaces by style >

New Typography movementCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 36BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >newsletters

CL W. 29. 14. 60BT <communicative works >

newspapersCL W. 49. 6. 61BT periodicals

nick (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 58BT <parts of a unit of type  >

no-break spaceUSE non-breaking space

no-break textCL V. 47. 27. 58BT <textual elements by

form >RT breaks

Non Uniform Rational B-splines

USE nurbsnon-breaking hyphen

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.53

BT dashnon-breaking space

CL V. 10. 84. 5. 83. 5UF hard space

no-break spaceBT word space

non-profit corporationsCL E. 5. 28. 51. 5. 6BT corporations

nonfictionCL W. 36. 48. 49BT literary worksNT biographies

traveloguesnonphoto blue

USE nonrepro bluenonranging figures

USE oldstyle numeralsnonrepro blue

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 37UF nonphoto blueBT <color by function >

normalization formsCL C. 49. 65BT <transformations of in-

formation >RT Unicode

North AfricanCL S. 5. 27. 3BT African

North AmericanCL S. 5. 18. 32BT <styles of the Americas  >

North Semitic alphabetsCL C. 44. 90. 600BT <specific writing sys-

tems >novels

CL W. 36. 57BT <created works by genre >

number signUSE hash mark

numeral signUSE hash mark

numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6UF figures (numerals)

digitsBT alphanumeric charac-

tersNT Arabic-Indic digits

Arabic numeralsRoman numerals

nurbsCL V. 19. 44. 65. 49UF Non Uniform Rational

B-splinesBT splines

nursery rhymesCL W. 36. 62BT <created works by genre >

Nushu (writing system)CL C. 44. 90. 612BT <specific writing sys-

tems >nut

USE ennut fractions

USE horizontal fractionsN’ko alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 587BT <specific writing sys-

tems >oblique

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 49BT <type styles by inclina-

tion >NT machine italics

OCRCL A. 44. 20. 4. 10UF optical character recog-

nitionBT digitization

octagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 52BT <geometric plane figures  >

octothorpUSE hash mark

odd sortsUSE pi characters

office suppliesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 66. 6BT supplies

official documentsCL W. 29. 18. 50BT <documentary works >NT certificates

decreespassports

104 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

offset photolithographyUSE offset printing

offset printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 52.

6UF offset photolithographyBT photolithography

oghamCL C. 44. 90. 641BT <specific writing sys-

tems >ogonek

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 67UF hook (accent mark)

nasal hookPolish hook

BT <specific accent marks >oil paints

CL O. 5. 63. 50BT paints

Old Church Slavonic alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 643BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Old English typefaces

USE blackletterOld Italic alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 650BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Old Permic alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 662BT <specific writing sys-

tems >old-style typefaces

USE oldstyle typefacesoldstyle numerals

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.43

UF nonranging figuresBT <numerals by form and

function >oldstyle typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 69UF old-style typefacesBT <typefaces by style >

on-demand printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

22. 6BT <printers by function >

on-demand printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 66UF print on demandBT printing

on-line fractionsUSE solidus fractions

one-up proofsCL W. 62. 57BT <created works by stage of

production >Op art

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 41BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >open spacing

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 45BT <properties of running

text >OpenType fonts

CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 21BT <digital fonts by format >

opera (performing arts)CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 59BT performing arts

operating systemsCL C. 27. 62. 4. 63UF OSBT <software by function >

operatorsUSE typesetters (people)

optical alignmentCL P. 5. 35. 55UF optical justification

visual alignmentBT <properties of layout  >RT optical

optical character recognitionUSE OCR

optical drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59BT data storage devicesNT CD-ROM drives

DVD drivesoptical justification

USE optical alignmentoptical kerning

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 7UF optical letterspacingBT kerning

optical letterspacingUSE optical kerning

optical storage mediaCL C. 21. 44. 62BT data storage mediaNT CD-ROMs

DVDsordinals

CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 38BT second-order characters

org chartsUSE organizational charts

organizational chartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14. 5UF org chartsBT charts

organizationsCL E. 5NT associations

businessesinstitutions

Orientale typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 71BT <typefaces by style >

OrkhonCL C. 44. 90. 675UF Hungarian runesBT <specific writing sys-

tems >ornamented letterforms

CL V. 47. 44. 50. 55BT letterforms

ornamentsCL V. 19. 21. 24. 69BT decorative elementsNT flourishes

orphans (typesetting)CL V. 56. 80. 13. 50BT bad breaks

orthographyCL C. 44. 53BT <representations of lan-

guage >RT writing systems

OSUSE operating systems

Osmanya alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 687UF Far Soomaali

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 105

BT <specific writing sys-tems >

outlineCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 40BT character styles

outline fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 3. 6UF vector fonts

scalable fontsBT <digital fonts by form >

output devicesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62UF computer output de-

vicesBT I/O devicesNT computer displays

CRTLCDplottersprinters (computer pe-

ripherals)output resolution

CL P. 5. 18. 6. 6BT resolution

outside marginsCL V. 38. 72. 49UF face margins

thumb marginsBT margins

ovalsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 58BT <geometric plane figures  >

overdotUSE dot above

overheadCL P. 3. 10. 33. 43BT expenses

overprintingCL A. 10. 44. 45BT <production activities  >

overringCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 70UF krouzekBT <specific accent marks >

overstrikeCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 49UF strike-through

strikeoutoverstruck

BT character styles

overstruckUSE overstrike

oxeiaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 59BT <specific accent marks >

P&LUSE profit and loss state-

mentspackage design

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 44BT graphic designRT packaging

packagesCL W. 23. 54BT <created works by form >

packagingCL W. 29. 75BT <created works by func-

tion >NT primersRT package design

page description languagesCL C. 32. 3. 50UF PDLBT computer languagesNT PostScript

page gridsUSE grids

page impositionUSE imposition

page layoutUSE layout (activity)

page makeupCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 55UF makeupBT <component activities  >

page numbersCL V. 28. 49UF folios (typography)BT <page elements  >NT blind folios

bouncing foliosdrop foliosfixed foliosfoot foliosside folios

RT paginationpage proofs

CL W. 62. 67. 52BT proofs

paginationCL A. 44. 51. 47BT <production processes  >RT page numbers

paintsCL O. 5. 63BT materialsNT acrylic paints

oil paintswatercolors

paleographyCL A. 21. 32. 32. 55BT history

paletteCL P. 5. 27. 3. 80BT color (chromaticity)

palette knivesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 49BT <marking instruments >

palimpsestsCL W. 23. 56BT <created works by form >

pamphletsCL W. 23. 59BT <created works by form >

PANOSE classificationUSE PANOSE Typeface

Matching System(tm)

PANOSE Typeface MatchingSystem (tm)

CL C. 44. 74. 72. 41UF PANOSE classificationBT typeface classifications

pantographsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 6BT <recording instruments  >

PantoneCL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 41BT color spaces

paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58BT surfacesNT <paper folds >

<paper products ><paper properties ><paper types  ><quantities of paper  >

paperbacksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 68BT <books by form >

106 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

NT trade paperbackspaperboard

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 66BT surfaces

papyrologyCL A. 21. 32. 32. 67BT history

parablesCL W. 36. 66BT <created works by genre >

parabolasCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 63BT <geometric plane figures  >

paragraph attributesUSE paragraph styles

paragraph indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 54UF first-line indentBT indents

paragraph markUSE pilcrow

paragraph stylesCL P. 5. 44. 56UF paragraph attributesBT <properties of text >

paragraph wrappingUSE line breaking

paragraphsCL V. 47. 35. 56BT <textual elements by

function >parallel texts

CL W. 16. 66BT <created works by con-

tents >parallelograms

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 39BT quadrilaterals

parallelsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 55BT <specific symbols  >

parchmentCL O. 3. 3. 73. 75BT surfaces

parensUSE parentheses

parenthesesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 61UF parens

BT <specific punctuationcharacters >

part titlesCL W. 10. 53. 60BT front matter

Parthian scriptCL C. 44. 90. 700BT <specific writing sys-

tems >partnerships

CL E. 5. 28. 37. 6BT business ventures

passportsCL W. 29. 18. 50. 63BT official documents

pasteupCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 67BT <component activities  >RT boards (typesetting)

patchesUSE strip-in corrections

patentsCL P. 3. 22. 10. 60BT <intellectual property

law >paths (computer graphics)

CL V. 19. 44. 39BT <parts of nontextual ele-

ments >patterns

CL V. 19. 10. 59BT <nontextual elements by

form >PC

USE personal computersPDL

USE page description lan-guages

PEUSE printer’s errors

pedigreesCL W. 29. 22. 63BT <genealogical works >

penalty copyCL W. 62. 60UF bad copyBT <created works by stage of

production >

pencilsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 55BT <marking instruments >

penmanshipUSE handwriting

pensCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 61BT <marking instruments >NT quill pens

pensionsCL A. 10. 10. 5. 79BT financial practices

pentagonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 69BT <geometric plane figures  >

percent signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 65BT <specific punctuation

characters >perceptual rendering

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 52BT color rendering

perfect bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 45BT <bindings by form >

performing artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 5BT artsNT dance

film (performing arts)musicopera (performing arts)theater (performing

arts)period

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 68SN In American usage, re-

fers to the hashmark.

UF full stopBT <specific punctuation

characters >periodicals

CL W. 49. 6BT <created works by publi-

cation >NT journals

magazinesnewspapers

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 107

perispomeneCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 71BT <specific accent marks >

PerlCL C. 32. 3. 60. 34BT programming lan-

guagesPersian

CL S. 5. 61. 3BT Near Eastern

Persian scriptCL C. 44. 90. 712BT <specific writing sys-

tems >personal computers

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56UF PC

microcomputersBT computersNT desktop computers

laptopspersonnel manuals

CL W. 29. 14. 49. 45UF employee manualsBT manuals

phenomenologyCL A. 21. 32. 61. 73BT philosophy

philosophyCL A. 21. 32. 61BT humanitiesNT epistemology

estheticsethicslogicmetaphysicsphenomenology

Phoenician alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 725BT <specific writing sys-

tems >phonetic alphabets

CL C. 44. 83. 25. 52BT <writing systems by

function >RT phonetic symbols

phonetic symbolsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 6BT symbols (characters)RT phonetic alphabets

photo-mechanical transferCL A. 44. 51. 52. 6UF PMTBT photographic processes

photoaquatintCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68. 5BT photogravure

photocompositionUSE phototypesetting

photographersCL E. 3. 3. 50BT <people by occupation >RT photography

photographsphotographic fonts

CL C. 44. 74. 18. 52UF filmstrip fontsBT <typefaces by construc-

tion >photographic processes

CL A. 44. 51. 52BT <production processes  >NT daguerreotype

photo-mechanicaltransfer

photographsCL W. 23. 61BT <created works by form >NT slidesRT photography

photographersphotography

CL A. 10. 27. 73BT <design and creation ac-

tivities >NT cinematography

digital photographyvideography

RT photographersphotographs

photogravureCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68UF heliogravure

gravureBT intaglioNT photoaquatint

rotogravurephotolithographs

CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 52BT lithographsRT photolithography

photolithographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 52BT lithographyNT offset printingRT photolithographs

photomechanical printingprocesses

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 60BT <printing methods  >NT collotype

photomontageCL W. 23. 64BT <created works by form >

PhotorealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 45BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >phototypes

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 62. 6SN Printing plates pro-

duced by a photo-graphic process

BT printing platesphototypesetting

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 64UF photocomposition

filmsettingBT <typesetting by medium >

pi charactersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 40UF pi sorts

special sortsodd sorts

BT analphabetic charactersRT pi fonts

pi fontsCL C. 44. 74. 27. 64BT <typefaces by function >RT pi characters

pi sortsUSE pi characters

pica (type dimensions)CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 54BT <type dimensions >

108 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

pica poleUSE type gauges

pica ruleUSE type gauges

pica stickUSE type gauges

pictogramsUSE pictographs

pictographsCL C. 55. 57UF pictogramsBT <visual symbol systems >

PictorialistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 57BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

pictorialsCL W. 23. 66BT <created works by form >

picture booksCL W. 23. 19. 10. 29. 6UF children’s picture booksBT children’s books

picture dictionariesCL W. 29. 14. 24. 6BT dictionaries

pie chartsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14. 7UF pie graphsBT charts

pie graphsUSE pie charts

piece fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.

64BT fractions

pilcrowCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 71UF paragraph markBT <specific punctuation

characters >pilgrimage handbooks

CL W. 29. 26. 59BT <religious works >

pin markCL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 66BT <parts of a unit of type  >

pinyinCL C. 49. 80. 53BT transliteration

pixelsCL V. 19. 44. 50BT <parts of nontextual ele-

ments >pixels per inch

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 61UF PPIBT dimensions

plain textCL C. 44. 65. 5BT text

plain-paper proofsCL W. 62. 64BT <created works by stage of

production >Plakatstil

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 60BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

planes (geometry)CL V. 19. 10. 35. 61BT geometric figures

planographic printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66BT <printing methods  >NT lithographyRT planographic prints

planographic printsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57BT <prints by process >NT lithographsRT planographic printing

platemakingCL A. 10. 44. 54BT <production activities  >RT printing plates

plates (pages)CL V. 19. 21. 44. 6BT illustrations (visual

elements)playbills

CL W. 29. 14. 15. 68BT announcements

playscriptsCL W. 36. 80. 5BT scripts (created works)

plottersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 61BT output devices

plug-insCL C. 27. 62. 4. 71BT <software by function >

pochoirCL A. 44. 51. 80. 6BT stenciling

poemsUSE poetry

poetryCL W. 36. 48. 65UF poemsBT literary worksNT concrete poetry

poetry ellipsisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 60BT <specific punctuation

characters >point

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59BT <type dimensions >NT American point

Anglo-American pointDidot pointsPostScript pointprinter’s point

point sizeUSE type size

pointing handUSE printer’s fist

points of suspensionUSE ellipsis

Polish hookUSE ogonek

political postersCL W. 23. 68. 41BT posters

polygonsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75BT <geometric plane figures  >NT quadrilaterals

trapezoidstriangles

polyhedraCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61BT <geometric solids  >NT cubes

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 109

pyramids (geometricfigures)

tetrahedronsPop Art

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 50BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >pop caps

USE elevated capspop-up menus

CL V. 47. 35. 55. 60BT menus (software)

portable computersUSE laptops

Portable Document FormatUSE PDF (file format)

Portable Net GraphicsUSE PNG (file format)

Portable Network GraphicsUSE PNG (file format)

position printsCL V. 19. 21. 58SN placeholder for a

graphicUF FPO

for position onlyBT <nontextual elements by

function >Post-Impressionist

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 62BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

post-pressCL A. 10. 44. 58BT <production activities  >

postageUSE shipping expenses

postage stampsCL W. 29. 34. 7UF stamps (postage)BT <works of exchange  >

posterizationCL V. 56. 55BT <visual artifacts  >

postersCL W. 23. 68BT <created works by form >NT political posters

propaganda posters

war postersPostmodern

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 54BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >PostScript

CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3BT page description lan-

guagesNT Display PostScript

EPSPostScript fonts

CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32BT <digital fonts by format >NT Type 1 fonts

Type 3 fontsPostScript point

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 41BT point

pound sterling signCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 66BT currency symbols

PPIUSE pixels per inch

PQUSE printer’s query

PRUSE public relations

pragmaticsCL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 5BT semiotics

Pre-ColumbianCL S. 3. 20BT <styles by period >

pre-pressCL A. 44. 51. 57BT <production processes  >

prefacesCL W. 10. 53. 66BT front matter

preflightingCL A. 10. 44. 61SN Checking works for

problems beforeprinting them

BT <production activities  >prehistoric

CL S. 3. 15BT <styles by period >

preliminariesUSE front matter

prelimsUSE front matter

presentationsCL W. 23. 71BT <created works by form >

press kitsCL W. 29. 14. 66BT <communicative works >

press releasesCL W. 29. 14. 68BT <communicative works >

press typeUSE press-on lettering

press-on letteringCL C. 44. 74. 18. 66UF press type

transfer letteringrub-down letters

BT <typefaces by construc-tion >

pressbooksCL W. 29. 14. 63BT <communicative works >

pressesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43BT <businesses by function >NT commercial printers

fine pressessmall pressesuniversity presses

pressworkCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 6BT relief printingNT fine presswork

price estimatesCL A. 10. 10. 3. 53UF estimates

price quotesBT business practicesRT prices

price listsCL W. 16. 71BT <created works by con-

tents >

110 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

price quotesUSE price estimates

pricesCL P. 3. 10. 59UF fees

pricingBT <financial concepts >RT billing

price estimatespricing

USE pricesprimary letters

CL C. 44. 13. 10. 62BT <characters by form >

primeCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 64BT <specific symbols  >

primersCL W. 29. 75. 6BT packaging

PrimitivistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 65BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

print on demandUSE on-demand printing

print qualityCL P. 5. 64. 20. 5BT <measures of quality >RT quality control

print shopsCL E. 5. 28. 10. 57BT <businesses by function >

printers (businesses)CL E. 5. 28. 10. 50BT <businesses by function >RT printing

printers (computer peripherals)CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72BT output devicesNT <printers by chromatic-

ity ><printers by function ><printers by method >

printers (people)CL E. 3. 3. 59BT <people by occupation >RT printing

printer’s devicesUSE printer’s marks

printer’s devilsCL E. 3. 3. 55BT <people by occupation >

printer’s emblemsUSE printer’s marks

printer’s errorsCL W. 62. 10. 59UF PEBT alterations

printer’s fistCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 68UF pointing hand

index (pointing hand)BT <specific symbols  >

printer’s flowersUSE fleurons

printer’s handCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 62BT manuscript hands

printer’s marksCL V. 19. 21. 64UF printer’s emblems

printer’s devicesBT <nontextual elements by

function >printer’s ornaments

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51UF type ornamentsBT analphabetic charactersNT dingbats

fleuronsprinter’s point

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 72BT point

printer’s queryCL V. 19. 21. 70. 6UF PQBT proofmarks

printingCL A. 44. 51. 61BT <production processes  >NT <printing methods  >

craft printingfine printingon-demand printing

RT printers (people)printers (businesses)

printing (handwriting)CL C. 44. 40. 5. 69BT handwriting stylesNT block printing (hand-

writing)printing artifacts

USE printing flawsprinting equipment

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51SN Equipment used in

printing, with the ex-ception of printersthat are normallyused as computerperipherals, forwhich see printers(computer peripher-als)

BT equipmentNT digital prooofers

electrophotographicprinters

imagesettersprinting platesprinting presses

printing flawsCL V. 56. 65UF printing artifactsBT <visual artifacts  >NT broken type

doubling (printingflaws)

dropouts (printingflaws)

ghostinghickeys (printing flaws)scumming (printing

flaws)slurring (printing flaws)

printing paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 66BT <paper types by function >

printing platesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 62BT printing equipmentNT phototypesRT platemaking

printing pressesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 72BT printing equipment

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 111

printmakersCL E. 3. 3. 64BT <people by occupation >RT printmaking

printsprintmaking

CL A. 44. 51. 66SN The production of

printsBT <production processes  >RT printmakers

printsprints

CL W. 23. 73BT <created works by form >NT <prints by process >RT printmaking

printmakersPrivate Press Movement

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 68BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

private schoolsCL L. 60. 22. 5BT <schools by ownership >

process colorCL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 54BT <color by function >

production techniquesCL A. 44. 51. 70BT <production processes  >

professional associationsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 65UF professional organiza-

tionsBT <associations by func-

tion >professional certification pro-grams

CL A. 10. 35. 53BT <education and train-

ing >professional conferences

CL A. 32. 39. 6BT conferences

professional developmentCL A. 10. 35. 60BT <education and train-

ing >

professional educationCL A. 10. 35. 67UF professional trainingBT <education and train-

ing >RT education (discipline)

professional organizationsUSE professional associa-

tionsprofessional training

USE professional educationprofit and loss statements

CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 66UF P&LBT financial reports

profitsCL P. 3. 10. 69BT <financial concepts >

programmed textbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 73. 6BT textbooks

programming languagesCL C. 32. 3. 60BT computer languagesNT Applescript

Java (programminglanguage)

Perlproject management

CL A. 10. 10. 3. 64BT business practices

promotionCL A. 10. 67. 72UF advancementBT employment

proof correction marksCL V. 47. 64. 5BT mark-up (printing)RT proofreading

proofmarksCL V. 19. 21. 70UF proofreader’s marks

proofreading marksBT <nontextual elements by

function >NT printer’s queryRT alterations

proofreadersCL E. 3. 3. 69BT <people by occupation >RT proofreading

proofreader’s marksUSE proofmarks

proofreadingCL A. 44. 41. 6BT <editing processes >RT typos

proofreadersproof correction marks

proofreading marksUSE proofmarks

proofsCL W. 62. 67BT <created works by stage of

production >NT boards (typesetting)

color proofsfirst proofsfoul copygalley proofshigh-resolution proofspage proofsremarque proofsrevised proofssecond revised proofssoft proofs

propagandaCL W. 29. 14. 71BT <communicative works >

propaganda postersCL W. 23. 68. 54BT posters

proportional typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 47BT <typefaces by visual

form >proposals

CL W. 29. 14. 73BT <communicative works >

prospectusesCL W. 29. 14. 76BT <communicative works >

protest signsCL W. 23. 83. 54BT signs

proverbsCL W. 36. 71BT <created works by genre >

Psalter scriptCL C. 44. 90. 737BT <specific writing sys-

tems >

112 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

psiliCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24. 6UF smooth breathing

spiritus lenisBT breathing marks

PsychedelicCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 58BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >public relations

CL A. 21. 75. 26. 67UF PRBT communications (disci-

pline)public schools

CL L. 60. 22. 7BT <schools by ownership >

publishersCL E. 5. 28. 10. 65BT <businesses by function >NT commercial publishers

publishers’ catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 65BT catalogs

publishingCL A. 10. 18. 5BT <communication activi-

ties >NT scientific publishing

technical publishingpull quotes

CL V. 47. 35. 61. 3. 6SN Small block quotations

set in a large fontBT block quotations

pull-down menusUSE menus (software)

punchcuttersCL E. 3. 3. 74BT <people by occupation >

punchcuttingCL A. 10. 44. 65SN The process of creating

type (objects) fromtype designs

BT <production activities  >NT digital punchcuttingRT type (objects)

punctuating em dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.

17. 72BT em dash

punctuationCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62BT analphabetic charactersNT <specific punctuation

characters >RT hanging punctuation

PunkCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 63BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >pyramids (geometric figures)

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 55BT polyhedra

quadCL V. 10. 84. 3. 62UF quadratBT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >quadrat

USE quadquadratic splines

CL V. 19. 44. 65. 67BT splines

quadrilateralsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43BT polygonsNT parallelograms

rectanglesrhombuses

quaint charactersUSE tied letters

quality controlCL A. 10. 44. 69BT <production activities  >RT print quality

quantitative informationUSE statistics

queryUSE question mark

question markCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 75UF queryBT <specific punctuation

characters >

questionnairesCL W. 29. 14. 79BT <communicative works >

quill pensCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 61. 6BT pens

quiresCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 51. 5BT <quantities of paper  >

quoinsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 47BT typesetting equipment

quotation marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79UF quote marksBT <specific punctuation

characters >NT <quotation marks by

form ><quotation marks by

function >quotations

CL V. 47. 35. 61BT <textual elements by

function >NT block quotations

quote marksUSE quotation marks

Qur’anCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 32BT <specific sacred texts >

rag paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 63BT <paper types by form >

raggedCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70UF unjustifiedBT linesettingsNT ragged left

ragged rightwild rag

ragged leftCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 43UF left ragged

ranged leftflush rightFR

BT raggedragged right

CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 55UF right ragged

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 113

ranged rightRRflush leftFL

BT raggedrailroad maps

CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 48BT transportation maps

railroad schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6. 7. 6BT transportation sched-

ulesraised initial

USE elevated capsRAM

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 47. 3UF random-access memoryBT memory devices

random-access memoryUSE RAM

range kerningUSE tracking

ranged leftUSE ragged left

ranged rightUSE ragged right

ranging figuresUSE lining numerals

ranked hyphenationCL P. 5. 35. 39. 25. 6BT hyphenation

rare booksCL W. 23. 19. 51. 6BT <books by social context >

raster imagesCL V. 19. 10. 43. 63BT images

rasterizationCL A. 10. 44. 73SN The process of creating

raster imagesUF renderingBT <production activities  >

readabilityCL P. 5. 35. 10. 54BT <properties of running

text >readers (books)

CL W. 23. 19. 30. 56BT <books by function >

RealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 71BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

realist typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 76BT <typefaces by style >

reamsCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 51. 7BT <quantities of paper  >

rebusCL V. 47. 44. 82BT <visual symbols >

recipe booksUSE cookbooks

recipesCL W. 16. 76BT <created works by con-

tents >RT cookbooks

record coversCL W. 23. 75BT <created works by form >

rectanglesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 56BT quadrilateralsNT squares

rectoCL V. 28. 55BT <page elements  >

recycled paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 67BT <paper types by form >

red, green, blueUSE RGB

reference booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 61BT <books by function >

reference listsUSE bibliographies

reference marksCL V. 47. 35. 66UF footnote callsBT <textual elements by

function >referrals

CL A. 10. 10. 3. 70BT business practices

reflexive serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 45BT <serif by form >

register marksCL V. 28. 60BT <page elements  >NT crosshairs

registrationCL A. 44. 51. 75BT <production processes  >

regularCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 68BT <type styles by weight >

relative colorimetric renderingCL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 68BT color rendering

relative indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 66BT indents

relief printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72BT <printing methods  >NT letterpress printing

pressworkrelief prints

CL W. 23. 73. 3. 71BT <prints by process >NT woodcuts

religionCL A. 21. 32. 73BT humanities

religious calendarsCL W. 16. 10. 3. 6BT calendars

remakeCL W. 62. 70BT <created works by stage of

production >remarque proofs

CL W. 62. 67. 61BT proofs

RenaissanceCL S. 3. 70BT <styles by period >NT French Renaissance

Italian Renaissance

114 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

renderingUSE rasterization

rentCL P. 3. 10. 33. 51UF leasing

leasesBT expenses

reproCL W. 62. 73UF reproduction proofsBT <created works by stage of

production >reproduction proofs

USE reproresolution

CL P. 5. 18. 6BT <production properties  >NT output resolution

retailCL A. 10. 10. 3. 76BT business practices

reverseCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 60BT character styles

reverse leadingUSE negative leading

revised proofsCL W. 62. 67. 67UF first revisesBT proofs

RGBCL P. 5. 27. 3. 48. 5UF red, green, blueBT color models

RHUSE running heads

rhombusesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 69BT quadrilaterals

rich textCL C. 44. 65. 7UF styled textBT text

right raggedUSE ragged right

right-to-left (writing direction)CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 63UF RTLBT writing direction

ring (accent mark)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 75BT <specific accent marks >

rivers (typesetting)CL V. 56. 80. 69BT typographical artifacts

road mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 60BT transportation maps

romanUSE upright

Roman alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 750UF Latin alphabetBT <specific writing sys-

tems >Roman numerals

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 34BT numerals

Roman typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 78BT <typefaces by style >

romance novelsCL W. 36. 48. 25. 57BT fiction

RomanticistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 73BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

rotogravureCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68. 7BT photogravure

rotundaCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 60BT blackletter

rough breathingUSE daseia

rowsCL V. 38. 77BT <positional elements >

royaltiesCL P. 3. 10. 49. 6BT income

RRUSE ragged right

RTLUSE right-to-left (writing

direction)rub-down letters

USE press-on letteringrubrics

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 52BT <headings by form >

ruby textCL V. 47. 35. 71BT <textual elements by

function >rule fills

CL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 60BT <rules by function >

rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68BT <nontextual elements by

form >NT <rules by form >

<rules by function >run-ins

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 73. 6UF inline subheadBT subheads

run-on chaptersCL W. 10. 16. 6BT chapters

runaroundsCL V. 38. 72. 64UF shaped marginsBT margins

runesCL C. 44. 83. 25. 69BT <writing systems by

function >RT Futhark

running feetCL V. 28. 65UF footerBT <page elements  >

running headsCL V. 28. 69UF RH

headerBT <page elements  >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 115

running indentsCL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 76SN An indent that’s re-

peated on more than1 consecutive line

BT indentsrunning text

USE body textrunning titles

CL V. 47. 35. 85. 6BT titles

runover linesUSE runovers

runoversCL V. 47. 35. 75UF runover lines

turn linesturnsturnovers

BT <textual elements byfunction >

Russian ConstructivistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 67BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >Réale typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 73BT <typefaces by style >

Sabaean scriptCL C. 44. 90. 762BT <specific writing sys-

tems >sacred texts

CL W. 29. 26. 68BT <religious works >NT <specific sacred texts >

saddle-stitch bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 57UF saddle-stitchingBT <bindings by form >

saddle-stitchingUSE saddle-stitch binding

salariesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 57UF labor costsBT expenses

sale catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 73BT catalogs

salesCL A. 10. 10. 3. 82BT business practices

sales guidesCL W. 29. 81BT <created works by func-

tion >Samaritan script

CL C. 44. 90. 775BT <specific writing sys-

tems >Sammelband

CL O. 3. 3. 10UF composite volumesBT <objects by form >

sample booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 67BT <books by function >

sample pagesCL W. 62. 77UF samplesBT <created works by stage of

production >samples

USE sample pagessans

USE sans-serif typefacessans-serif typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 44. 55UF sanserif

sansBT <typefaces by visual

form >RT serif

sanserifUSE sans-serif typefaces

scalable fontsUSE outline fonts

Scalable Vector GraphicsUSE SVG (file format)

scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74BT input devicesNT desktop scanners

drum scannersflatbed scannerslarge format scannerssheetfed scannersslide scanners

RT scanninggamma

scanningCL A. 44. 20. 4. 57BT digitizationRT scanners

scansion marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49BT combining charactersNT <specific scansion marks >

scatter graphsCL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 69BT graphs

schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6BT <calendars and sched-

ules >NT transportation sched-

ulesscholarly communication

CL A. 10. 18. 7BT <communication activi-

ties >scholarly editions

CL W. 29. 14. 82BT <communicative works >

schoolsCL L. 60NT <schools by education

level ><schools by ownership ><schools by subject >

RT education (discipline)institutions

schwaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 73BT <specific letters >

Schwabacher typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 80BT <typefaces by style >

science fictionCL W. 36. 48. 25. 70BT fiction

sciencesCL A. 21. 64BT <disciplines >

scientific illustrationCL A. 10. 27. 39. 58BT illustration (activity)

scientific publishingCL A. 10. 18. 5. 6BT publishing

116 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

scoresCL W. 16. 80BT <created works by con-

tents >Scotch rule

USE double rulesScotch typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 82BT <typefaces by style >

screen fontsUSE bitmap fonts

screen printingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78BT <printing methods  >NT halftone screen printing

silkscreen printingstochastic screening

screenless lithographyCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 70BT lithography

screenplaysCL W. 36. 76BT <created works by genre >

scribesCL E. 3. 3. 79BT <people by occupation >

script typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 61UF ScripteBT <typefaces by visual

form >Scripte

USE script typefacesscripts (created works)

CL W. 36. 80BT <created works by genre >NT playscripts

telescriptsscripts (writing systems)

USE writing systemsscrolls

CL W. 23. 78BT <created works by form >NT emakimono

kakemono

sculptural booksUSE three-dimensional

bookssculptural type

USE three-dimensional typescumming (printing flaws)

CL V. 56. 65. 69BT printing flaws

scutulate serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 51BT <serif by form >

second revised proofsCL W. 62. 67. 74BT proofs

second-order charactersCL C. 44. 13. 10. 75BT <characters by form >NT ordinals

subscriptssuperscripts

section markCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 77BT <specific punctuation

characters >section-sewn binding

CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 67BT <bindings by form >

sectionsCL W. 10. 83BT <components of a created

work >Secure File Transfer Protocol

USE SFTPself-employment tax

CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 64BT taxes

semanticsCL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 7BT semioticsNT semasiology

semasiologyCL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 7. 7BT semantics

semiboldCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 78UF demiboldBT <type styles by weight >

semicolonCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 82BT <specific punctuation

characters >seminars

CL A. 32. 10. 6BT <educational and train-

ing events >semiology

USE semioticssemiotics

CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74UF semiologyBT linguisticsNT pragmatics

semanticssyntactics

Semitic languagesCL C. 79. 3. 3. 34BT <specific language fami-

lies >sentence-style capitalization

CL P. 5. 44. 26. 70UF down-style capitaliza-

tionBT capitalization

series titlesCL W. 10. 53. 72BT front matter

serifCL V. 47. 10. 63BT <character parts >NT <serif by form >RT serif typefaces

sans-serif typefacesserif typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 44. 68UF seriffed typefacesBT <typefaces by visual

form >NT slab-serif typefacesRT serif

seriffed typefacesUSE serif typefaces

serigraphyUSE silkscreen printing

seriographyUSE silkscreen printing

sermonsCL W. 29. 26. 75BT <religious works >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 117

service bureausCL E. 5. 28. 10. 73BT <businesses by function >

set solidCL P. 5. 35. 77. 6BT settings (typography)

set widthCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 65BT <type dimensions >

settings (typography)CL P. 5. 35. 77SN Combinations of type

size and leadingBT <properties of layout  >NT set solid

solid setSezessionstil

USE Vienna SecessionSFTP

CL C. 10. 46. 34UF Secure File Transfer

ProtocolBT computer communica-

tion protocolsSGML

CL C. 32. 3. 40. 50UF Standard Generalized

Markup LanguageBT markup languages

shaded lettersUSE shadow letters

shadowCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 70BT character styles

shadow lettersCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 78UF shaded lettersBT character styles

shank (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 75BT <parts of a unit of type  >

shaped marginsUSE runarounds

shaped paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 72BT <paper types by form >

shaped poetryUSE concrete poetry

sheet musicCL W. 16. 14. 58BT <musical and theatrical

works >sheetfed scanners

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.67

BT scannersShift-JIS

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 58BT <specific character sets >

shilling fractionsUSE solidus fractions

shilling markUSE slash

shilling strokeUSE slash

shipping expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 64UF postageBT expenses

shoCL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 44. 7BT Japanese calligraphy

shopping bagsCL W. 23. 80BT <created works by form >

short storiesCL W. 36. 85BT <created works by genre >

short-ranging figuresUSE small cap figures

shoulder (type)CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 81BT <parts of a unit of type  >

show-throughUSE ghosting

side bearingsCL V. 47. 10. 67BT <character parts >

side foliosCL V. 28. 49. 77BT page numbers

side notesUSE marginal notes

side-bearingCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 70BT <type dimensions >

side-stitch bindingCL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 77UF side-stitchingBT <bindings by form >

side-stitchingUSE side-stitch binding

sidebarsCL V. 38. 80BT <positional elements >

sideheadsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 61SN A heading or subhead

set flush to the mar-gin

BT <headings by form >sign systems

CL C. 55. 73BT <visual symbol systems >

signageUSE signs

signaturesCL O. 3. 5. 21. 68BT <parts of a book >RT imposition

signsCL W. 23. 83UF signageBT <created works by form >NT directional signs

protest signstraffic signs

silhouettesCL V. 19. 10. 75BT <nontextual elements by

form >silkscreen printing

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 59UF serigraphy

seriographyBT screen printing

118 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

silverprintsUSE bluelines

single quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 5.

6UF inverted commasBT <quotation marks by

function >sink

CL V. 10. 42BT <dimensional elements >

sinogramsUSE Hanzi

skewCL P. 5. 35. 20. 71BT alignment

slab serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 57UF square serif

Egyptian serifBT <serif by form >RT slab-serif typefaces

slab-serif typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 68. 7UF Egyptian typefacesBT serif typefacesRT slab serif

slantUSE stance

slantedUSE machine italics

slanted romanUSE machine italics

slashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86SN Use for slash characters

generally or ambigu-ously

UF diagonalshilling markshilling strokesolidus

BT <specific punctuationcharacters >

NT backslashfraction barvirgule

slashed ellUSE barred ell

slashed ohUSE barred oh

slide scannersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74.

77BT scannersRT slides

slidesCL W. 23. 61. 7BT photographsRT slide scanners

slopeCL P. 5. 44. 10. 62BT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

sloped romanUSE machine italics

slur serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 62BT <serif by form >

slurring (printing flaws)CL V. 56. 65. 78BT printing flaws

small businessesCL E. 5. 28. 21. 7BT <businesses by size >

small cap figuresCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.

62UF short-ranging figuresBT <numerals by form and

function >small capitals

USE small capssmall caps

CL V. 47. 44. 50. 73UF small capitalsBT letterformsNT fake small capsRT uppercase letters

small pressesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 62UF little pressesBT presses

smart quotesUSE curly quotes

smooth breathingUSE psili

social sciencesCL A. 21. 75BT <disciplines >NT anthropology

archeologycommunications (disci-

pline)economicseducation (discipline)geographyinformation sciencelinguisticssociology

Socialist RealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 72BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >societies

USE associationssociology

CL A. 21. 75. 81BT social sciences

soft hyphenUSE discretionary hyphen

soft proofsCL W. 62. 67. 81BT proofs

softwareCL C. 27. 62UF computer softwareBT <information forms  >NT <software by function >

<specific software >Sogdian script

CL C. 44. 90. 787BT <specific writing sys-

tems >SOHO

USE home officessolarization

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 77BT <imaging processes >

solid setCL P. 5. 35. 77. 8BT settings (typography)

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 119

solid-state drivesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 75BT data storage devicesNT flash drives

solidusUSE slash

solidus fractionsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5.

77UF on-line fractions

shilling fractionsBT fractions

songbooksCL W. 16. 14. 71BT <musical and theatrical

works >RT hymnals

sortingUSE collation

sorts (type)CL O. 3. 3. 59BT <objects by form >

South AmericanCL S. 5. 18. 44BT <styles of the Americas  >

South Arabian scriptCL C. 44. 90. 800BT <specific writing sys-

tems >South Asian languages

CL C. 79. 3. 5. 34BT <specific language

groups >space

CL V. 10. 84. 7BT whitespace

space bandUSE word space

space-afterCL V. 10. 84. 5. 64BT <whitespace by function >

space-beforeCL V. 10. 84. 5. 72BT <whitespace by function >

spacebandsCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 58UF wedges of metal be-

tween wordsBT typesetting equipment

Spanish (style)CL S. 5. 44. 56BT European

spanner headUSE straddle heads

spanner ruleUSE straddle rules

special sortsUSE pi characters

specimen booksUSE type specimen catalogs

spectrophotometersCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 62BT <measuring instru-

ments >spectroradiometers

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 70BT <measuring instru-

ments >spheres

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 76BT <geometric solids  >

spineCL O. 3. 5. 21. 75BT <parts of a book >NT concertina spine

spine (character parts)CL V. 47. 10. 70BT <character parts >

spiralsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 76UF helices

helixBT geometric figures

spiritusUSE breathing marks

spiritus asperUSE daseia

spiritus lenisUSE psili

splinesCL V. 19. 44. 65BT <parts of nontextual ele-

ments >NT cubic splines

nurbsquadratic splines

split fountain overprintingCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 83BT <printing methods  >

spot colorCL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 72BT <color by function >RT color separation

spreadCL V. 10. 49UF two-page spread

double-page spreadBT <dimensional elements >

square bracketsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 81BT <specific punctuation

characters >square serif

USE slab serifsquares

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43.56. 7

BT rectanglessRGB

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 74UF standard RGBBT color spaces

stacked headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 70BT <headings by form >

stamps (postage)USE postage stamps

stanceCL P. 5. 44. 10. 69UF slantBT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

Standard Generalized MarkupLanguage

USE SGMLstandard RGB

USE sRGBstandard-width typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 44. 75BT <typefaces by visual

form >standing caps

USE elevated capsstationery

CL W. 29. 14. 84BT <communicative works >

120 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

statisticsCL C. 27. 74UF quantitative informa-

tionBT <information forms  >

stemCL V. 47. 10. 73UF main strokeBT <character parts >

stencilingCL A. 44. 51. 80BT <production processes  >NT pochoirRT stencils

stencilsCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 70BT <marking instruments >RT stenciling

stick-up initialUSE elevated caps

stickersCL W. 23. 85BT <created works by form >NT bumper stickers

stochastic screeningCL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 72SN The random placement

of uniform dots inscreen printing

BT screen printingStone Age

CL S. 3. 30BT <styles by period >

storage devicesUSE data storage devices

straddle entriesCL V. 38. 32. 7BT cellsRT straddle heads

straddle headsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 79UF spanner headBT <headings by form >RT straddle entries

straddle rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 62UF spanner rule

cross ruleBT <rules by form >

straight copyUSE clean copy

straight quotesCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3.

72UF dumb quotes

typewriter-style quota-tion marks

BT <quotation marks byform >

stressUSE bias

strike-on compositionCL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 16. 7BT composition

strike-throughUSE overstrike

strikeoutUSE overstrike

strip-in correctionsCL W. 62. 10. 71UF strip-ins

patchesBT alterations

strip-insUSE strip-in corrections

stripping guidesUSE corner marks

strokeCL V. 47. 10. 77BT <character parts >

stubUSE stub columns

stub columnsCL V. 38. 36. 7UF stubBT columns

studiosCL L. 80. 6BT workplaces

style manualsCL W. 16. 85BT <created works by con-

tents >styled text

USE rich textstylesheet languages

CL C. 32. 3. 80BT computer languagesNT CSS

styliCL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 76UF stylusBT <marking instruments >

stylusUSE styli

Sub-Saharan AfricanCL S. 5. 27. 5BT African

subheadingUSE subheads

subheadsCL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 73SN A subordinate headingUF subheadingBT <headings by function >NT run-ins

subpixelsCL V. 19. 44. 76BT <parts of nontextual ele-

ments >subscripts

CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 61UF inferiorsBT second-order characters

subtitlesCL V. 47. 35. 86BT <textual elements by

function >subtractive color synthesis

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65. 6BT color synthesis

subway mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 75BT transportation maps

superiorsUSE superscripts

superscriptsCL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 73UF superiorsBT second-order characters

suppliesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 66SN Consumable equip-

mentBT equipmentNT office supplies

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 121

supportsUSE surfaces

surfacesCL O. 3. 3. 73SN Planar objects upon

which visual ele-ments are placed

UF supportsBT <objects by form >NT acetate

canvascardboardfabricpaperpaperboardparchment

SurrealistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 76BT <mid– to late–twentieth

century styles >surtitles

CL V. 47. 35. 87BT <textual elements by

function >swash characters

CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11. 6UF swash letters

swashesBT alternate characters

swash lettersUSE swash characters

swashesUSE swash characters

swelled rulesUSE tapered rules

Swiss designUSE International Typo-

graphic StyleSwiss style

USE International Typo-graphic Style

syllabariesCL C. 44. 83. 81BT writing systems

syllabicsUSE abugidas

SymbolistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 76BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

symbols (characters)CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77BT analphabetic charactersNT phonetic symbols

<specific symbols  >symposia

USE conferencessymposium

USE conferencessyntactics

CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 9BT semiotics

syntaxCL A. 21. 75. 64. 76BT linguistics

Syriac scriptCL C. 44. 90. 812BT <specific writing sys-

tems >T-shirts

CL W. 23. 29. 3BT clothes

tab entryUSE cells

tab stopsCL V. 38. 87UF tab valuesBT <positional elements >

tab valuesUSE tab stops

tablesCL V. 19. 21. 78UF tabular workBT <nontextual elements by

function >tables of contents

CL W. 10. 53. 79BT front matter

tabular workUSE tables

Tagged Image File FormatUSE TIFF (file format)

taglinesCL V. 47. 35. 81BT <textual elements by

function >

tagsUSE labels

Tai Lue alphabetCL C. 44. 90. 825BT <specific writing sys-

tems >tail (character parts)

CL V. 47. 10. 80BT <character parts >

tail marginsUSE bottom margins

tail rulesCL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 75BT <rules by function >

tailpiecesCL V. 19. 32. 75BT <nontextual elements by

position >tapered rules

CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 71UF swelled rulesBT <rules by form >

tax deductionsCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 77BT taxes

taxesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 71BT expensesNT corporate taxes

estimated tax paymentsincome taxesself-employment taxtax deductions

teachingCL A. 10. 35. 76BT <education and train-

ing >RT education (discipline)

tear indexCL P. 5. 64. 10. 6SN A property of paperBT <measures of other

physical properties >teardrop terminal

CL V. 47. 10. 83. 75UF lachrymal terminalBT terminal

tearsheetsCL W. 62. 80BT <created works by stage of

production >

122 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

technical illustrationCL A. 10. 27. 39. 74BT illustration (activity)

technical manualsCL W. 29. 14. 49. 64BT manuals

technical publishingCL A. 10. 18. 5. 8BT publishing

telescriptsCL W. 36. 80. 7BT scripts (created works)

terminalCL V. 47. 10. 83BT <character parts >NT ball terminal

beak terminalfinial (character parts)teardrop terminal

terminal charactersUSE finials (characters)

tetrahedronsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 74BT polyhedra

textCL C. 44. 65BT <representations of lan-

guage >NT plain text

rich texttext area

USE text pagetext block

CL O. 3. 5. 21. 82BT <parts of a book >

text directionCL P. 5. 35. 10. 63BT <properties of running

text >text faces

USE text fontstext fonts

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 75UF body type

text typetext typefacestext facesbook faces

BT <typefaces by function >RT body text

text pageCL V. 10. 63UF text areaBT <dimensional elements >

text sizesCL P. 5. 64. 59. 73BT dimensionsNT composition size

display sizetext type

USE text fontstext typefaces

USE text fontstext wrapping

USE line breakingtextblock

CL V. 10. 56UF text blockBT <dimensional elements >

textbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 73BT <books by function >NT programmed textbooks

texturaCL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 76BT blackletter

texture (typesetting)CL P. 5. 35. 10. 69BT <properties of running

text >theater (performing arts)

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 77BT performing arts

theater programsCL W. 29. 14. 87BT <communicative works >

thermal-transfer printersCL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

34. 79BT <printers by method >

thick spaceCL V. 10. 84. 3. 73UF three-to-em spaceBT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >thin space

CL V. 10. 84. 3. 81BT <whitespace by dimen-

sions >

thornCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 79BT <specific letters >

three-dimensional booksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 81UF sculptural booksBT <books by form >NT foldout books

three-dimensional typeCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 10. 7UF dimensional type

sculptural typeBT <type styles by  >

three-em dashCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.

69BT dash

three-to-em spaceUSE thick space

thumb drivesUSE flash drives

thumb indexesCL V. 28. 75BT <page elements  >

thumb marginsUSE outside margins

thumbnailsCL V. 19. 10. 43. 77BT images

tied lettersCL V. 47. 44. 56. 7UF quaint charactersBT ligatures

tight ragCL P. 5. 44. 76BT <properties of text >

tildeCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 79BT <specific accent marks >

tissuesCL W. 62. 84BT <created works by stage of

production >title pages

CL W. 10. 53. 84BT front matter

titlecaseCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 65BT letters (characters)

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 123

titlesCL V. 47. 35. 85BT <textual elements by

function >NT running titles

titling figuresUSE titling numerals

titling fontsUSE titling typefaces

titling numeralsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3.

76UF titling figuresBT <numerals by form and

function >titling typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 82UF titling fontsBT <typefaces by function >

tone marksCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 65BT combining characters

tonosCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 70BT <specific accent marks >

top marginsCL V. 38. 72. 78UF head marginsBT margins

top-to-bottom (writing direc-tion)

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 78BT writing direction

topo mapsUSE topographic maps

topographic mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 42UF contour maps

topo mapsBT maps

TorahCL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 44BT <specific sacred texts >

tourist mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 53BT maps

tracingCL A. 44. 20. 4. 75BT digitization

trackingCL P. 5. 35. 10. 76UF range kerningBT <properties of running

text >tracts (documents)

CL W. 29. 26. 83BT <religious works >

tradeUSE commerce

trade booksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 79BT <books by function >

trade cardsCL W. 23. 24. 76BT cards

trade paperbacksCL W. 23. 19. 20. 68. 7BT paperbacks

trade unionsCL E. 5. 13. 3. 79BT <associations by func-

tion >trademark law

CL P. 3. 22. 10. 78BT <intellectual property

law >RT trademarks

trademarksCL C. 38. 6BT <representations of iden-

tity >RT trademark law

traffic signsCL W. 23. 83. 75BT signs

Trajan ColumnCL W. 69. 34BT <specific created works >

transcriptsCL W. 29. 18. 75BT <documentary works >

transfer letteringUSE press-on lettering

transitional typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 86BT <typefaces by style >

transitive serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 68BT <serif by form >

transliterationCL C. 49. 80BT <transformations of in-

formation >NT bopomofo

pinyinWade-Giles

transportation expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 77BT expenses

transportation mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 65BT mapsNT bus route maps

railroad mapsroad mapssubway maps

transportation schedulesCL W. 16. 10. 6. 7BT schedulesNT bus schedules

railroad schedulestrapeziums

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 84BT <geometric plane figures  >

trapezoidsCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 63BT polygons

travel expensesCL P. 3. 10. 33. 83BT expenses

travel guidebooksCL W. 29. 86BT <created works by func-

tion >travelogues

CL W. 36. 48. 49. 7BT nonfiction

trianglesCL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 75BT polygons

triangular serifUSE wedge serif

trim (measure)CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77UF trim sizeBT <absolute measurements >NT foot trim

head trimRT trim marks

124 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

trim marksCL V. 28. 80UF crop marksBT <page elements  >RT trim

trim sizeUSE trim (measure)

TrueType fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 44BT <digital fonts by format >NT TrueType GX fonts

TrueType GX fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 44. 3BT TrueType fonts

truncated settingCL P. 5. 35. 39. 77BT hyphenation and

justificationturn lines

USE runoversturnovers

USE runoversturns

USE runoverstweening

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 77BT <digital rendering proc-

esses >two-em dash

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16.80

BT dashtwo-page spread

USE spreadtwo-up proofs

CL W. 62. 87BT <created works by stage of

production >type (objects)

CL O. 3. 5. 77SN Pieces whose surface

bears a raised char-acter, used in print-ing

BT <objects by function >NT <parts of a unit of type  >

<type by form >foundry type

RT type foundingtype gaugestype cases

punchcuttingtype (text)

CL V. 47. 81BT <textual elements >RT typesetting

typographytypefacestype gaugestype directors

Type 1 fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32. 3BT PostScript fonts

Type 3 fontsCL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32. 5BT PostScript fonts

type casesCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 70BT typesetting equipmentRT type (objects)

type designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 65BT graphic designRT typefaces

letterformstype designers

CL E. 3. 3. 85. 43BT typographersRT typefaces

designerstype directors

CL E. 3. 3. 85. 54BT typographersRT type (text)

type effectsCL P. 5. 81BT <properties  >NT blurred type

degraded typemulticolored type

type familiesCL C. 44. 74. 81UF typeface families

font familiesBT typefacesRT typefaces

type foundingCL A. 44. 51. 85BT <production processes  >RT type (objects)

type gaugesCL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 81UF type scale

pica polepica rulepica stickHaber rule

BT <measuring instru-ments >

RT type (text)type (objects)

type mark-upCL V. 47. 64. 7BT mark-up (printing)

type measureCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 76UF line length

full measuremeasure (line length)

BT <type dimensions >type ornaments

USE printer’s ornamentstype page

CL V. 10. 70BT <dimensional elements >

type scaleUSE type gauges

type sizeCL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 80UF point size

body sizeBT <type dimensions >

type specimen booksUSE type specimen catalogs

type specimen catalogsCL W. 29. 14. 18. 82UF type specimen books

specimen booksBT catalogs

type stylesCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76BT <properties of typefaces  >NT <type styles by  >

<type styles by density ><type styles by inclina-

tion ><type styles by weight >character styles

RT typefaces

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 125

type-heightCL P. 5. 64. 59. 82SN height of type from the

printing bed to theprinting surface

UF height-to-paperBT dimensions

typeface classificationsCL C. 44. 74. 72UF font classificationsBT typefacesNT ATypI classification

British Standards forType Classification

DIN 1658PANOSE Typeface

Matching System(tm)

Vox classificationtypeface families

USE type familiestypefaces

CL C. 44. 74UF fonts

fountsBT <representations of lan-

guage >NT <typefaces by construc-

tion ><typefaces by function ><typefaces by style ><typefaces by visual

form >typeface classificationstype families<specific typefaces  >

RT type designcontrast (type)type stylescolor (type)biasaxistype (text)weightmodulationtype designersstanceslopetype families

typefoundriesCL E. 5. 28. 10. 82BT <businesses by function >NT digital foundries

typescriptsCL W. 42. 7BT <created works by means

of production >typesetters (equipment)

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80UF typesetting machinesBT typesetting equipmentNT linecasters

Monotype (typesettingequipment)

RT typesettingtypesetters (people)

CL E. 3. 3. 85. 65SN People whose role it is

to interpret typespecifications andencode text

UF compositors (people)operators

BT typographersRT typesetting

typesettingCL A. 10. 44. 78BT <production activities  >NT <component activities  >

<typesetting by applica-tion >

<typesetting by medium ><typesetting materials >

RT typesetters (people)typesetters (equipment)type (text)

typesetting equipmentCL O. 3. 5. 44. 78BT equipmentNT chase

furniture (typesettinginstruments)

quoinsspacebandstype casestypesetters (equipment)

typesetting machinesUSE typesetters (equipment)

typewriter-style quotation marksUSE straight quotes

typographersCL E. 3. 3. 85BT <people by occupation >NT type designers

type directors

typesetters (people)typographical designers

RT typographytypographic quotation marks

USE curly quotestypographical artifacts

CL V. 56. 80BT <visual artifacts  >NT bad breaks

club linesrivers (typesetting)

typographical designersCL E. 3. 3. 85. 77BT typographers

typographyCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 77SN Arrangement and

specification of typein preparation forprinting

BT graphic designNT <typography by style >RT typographers

type (text)typos

CL W. 62. 10. 81UF literalsBT alterationsRT proofreading

ucUSE uppercase letters

UCSCL C. 44. 20. 3. 64UF Universal Character Set

ISO/IEC 10646BT <specific character sets >NT UCS-2

UCS-4UCS-2

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64. 3UF ISO 10646 UCS-2BT UCS

UCS-4CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64. 5UF ISO 10646 UCS-4BT UCS

Ugaritic cuneiformCL C. 44. 90. 837BT <specific writing sys-

tems >

126 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

Ukiyo-eCL S. 5. 35. 5. 3BT Japanese (style)

umlautCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 83BT <specific accent marks >

unbracketed serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 74BT <serif by form >

uncialCL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 78BT manuscript hands

uncoated paperCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 77BT <paper types by form >

underdotUSE dot below

underlineUSE underscore

underscoreCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 86UF underlineBT <specific symbols  >

undotted iUSE dotless i

undotted jUSE dotless j

unicameral alphabetsUSE unicameral writing

systemsunicameral writing systems

CL C. 44. 83. 17. 7SN Writing systems con-

sisting of only onecase

UF unicameral alphabetsBT <writing systems by case

distinction >Unicode

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70UF Unicode StandardBT <specific character sets >NT Unicode encoding

formsRT normalization forms

Unicode encoding formsCL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3UF Unicode encoding

schemesBT Unicode

NT UTF-16UTF-32UTF-7UTF-8

Unicode encoding schemesUSE Unicode encoding

formsUnicode Standard

USE Unicodeunilateral serif

CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 79BT <serif by form >

unitsUSE measures

Universal Character SetUSE UCS

universitiesCL L. 60. 10. 10. 7BT <colleges and universi-

ties >university presses

CL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 77BT presses

unjustifiedUSE ragged

unmodulated typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 44. 83UF monoline typefacesBT <typefaces by visual

form >up style

USE headline styleUPA

USE Uralic Phonetic Alpha-bet

upper case lettersUSE uppercase letters

uppercase lettersCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 78UF uc

upper case letterscapital letterscapitalsmajusculescaps

BT letters (characters)RT small caps

uprightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 77UF roman

roman letterformsBT <type styles by inclina-

tion >Uralic Phonetic Alphabet

CL C. 44. 90. 850UF UPABT <specific writing sys-

tems >used guides

USE user manualsusefulness

USE utilityuser interfaces

CL C. 27. 62. 4. 83BT <software by function >NT graphical user inter-

facesuser manuals

CL W. 29. 14. 49. 78UF used guidesBT manuals

usersCL E. 3. 5. 78BT <people by relationship >

UTF-16CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 10BT Unicode encoding

formsUTF-32

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 21BT Unicode encoding

formsUTF-7

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 32BT Unicode encoding

formsUTF-8

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 44UF FSS-UTFBT Unicode encoding

formsutility

CL P. 5. 64. 20. 7UF usefulnessBT <measures of quality >

VahCL C. 44. 90. 862UF Bassa alphabetBT <specific writing sys-

tems >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 127

valentinesCL W. 23. 24. 46. 81BT greeting cards

vector drawingsCL V. 19. 10. 83BT <nontextual elements by

form >vector fonts

USE outline fontsvellum

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 82BT <paper types by form >NT limp vellum

Venetian typefacesCL C. 44. 74. 35. 88BT <typefaces by style >

versalsCL V. 47. 27. 79UF lettrines

initialsBT <textual elements by

form >NT drop caps

elevated capsverso

CL V. 28. 85BT <page elements  >

vertical ellipsisCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 28. 7BT ellipsis

vertical justificationCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 7SN The practice of getting

lines to fill a pagevertically by adjustingthe space betweenthem

UF cardingfeathering

BT justificationvertical rules

CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 81BT <rules by form >

VictorianCL S. 3. 90. 3. 10. 3BT <early to mid nineteenth

century styles >video cameras

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3. 7BT cameras

video gamesCL W. 29. 30. 4. 7UF computer gamesBT games

videographyCL A. 10. 27. 73. 77SN Photography of mov-

ing images ontoelectronic media

BT photographyVienna Secession

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 79UF SezessionstilBT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

viramaCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 87UF halantBT <specific accent marks >

virguleCL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86.

77SN Normal text slashUF forward slashBT slash

visual alignmentUSE optical alignment

visual artsCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7BT artsNT design

fine artsgraphic arts

visual communicationCL C. 63. 7BT communicationNT written communication

visual identityCL C. 38. 8BT <representations of iden-

tity >NT brands

corporate identityvisual literacy

CL P. 5. 10. 78BT <measures of ability  >

vocational adviceUSE vocational guidance

vocational guidanceCL A. 10. 35. 84UF vocational adviceBT <education and train-

ing >vocational schools

CL L. 60. 34. 77BT <schools by subject >

vortexCL V. 47. 10. 87BT <character parts >

VorticistCL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 82BT <late nineteenth and

early twentieth cen-tury styles >

vowel pointsCL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 78UF dependent vowelsBT combining characters

Vox classificationCL C. 44. 74. 72. 51BT typeface classifications

Wade-GilesCL C. 49. 80. 55BT transliteration

war postersCL W. 23. 68. 78BT posters

watercolorsCL O. 5. 63. 78BT paints

watermarksCL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 30. 7BT <paper properties >

weather mapsCL W. 29. 10. 5. 78BT maps

WebUSE World-Wide Web

Web designCL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 64BT designRT World-Wide Web

Web sitesWeb directories

CL W. 23. 88. 21BT Web sites

128 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

Web pagesCL W. 23. 88. 32BT Web sitesNT home pages

Web sitesCL W. 23. 88BT <created works by form >NT blogs

Web directoriesWeb pageswikis

RT World-Wide WebWeb design

wedding invitationsCL W. 29. 14. 41. 7BT invitations

wedge (accent mark)USE hacek

wedge serifCL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 85UF triangular serifBT <serif by form >

wedges of metal between wordsUSE spacebands

weightCL P. 5. 44. 10. 84BT <properties of typefaces  >RT typefaces

white lineUSE line space

whitespaceCL V. 10. 84SN Unfilled space between

text elementsBT <dimensional elements >NT space

<whitespace by dimen-sions >

<whitespace by function >whitespace reduction

USE negative letterspacingwidows (typesetting)

CL V. 56. 80. 13. 78BT bad breaks

wikisCL W. 23. 88. 79UF wikiwikisBT Web sites

wikiwikisUSE wikis

wild ragCL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 78BT ragged

Windows (software)USE Microsoft Windows

(software)windows (visual elements)

CL V. 19. 21. 85BT <nontextual elements by

function >wine lists

CL W. 29. 14. 54. 7BT menus (dining)

wood lettersUSE wood type

wood typeCL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 79UF wood lettersBT <type by form >

woodcutsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 71. 7BT relief prints

word spaceCL V. 10. 84. 5. 83UF interword space

space bandBT <whitespace by function >NT non-breaking space

workbooksCL W. 23. 19. 30. 85BT <books by function >

workflow managementCL A. 10. 44. 83BT <production activities  >

workflowsCL A. 10. 44. 87BT <production activities  >

workplacesCL L. 80UF worksitesNT home offices

studiosworks of fiction

USE fictionworkshops

CL A. 32. 10. 8BT <educational and train-

ing events >

worksitesUSE workplaces

workstations (computers)CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 79BT computers

World-Wide WebCL C. 15. 59UF Web

WWWBT <communication media >RT Web sites

Web designwove paper

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 86BT <paper types by form >NT antique wove paper

writing directionCL P. 5. 35. 10. 84BT <properties of running

text >NT bidirectional (writing

direction)boustrophedonleft-to-right (writing

direction)right-to-left (writing

direction)top-to-bottom (writing

direction)writing implements

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 84UF handwriting imple-

mentsBT <marking instruments >

writing systemsCL C. 44. 83UF scripts (writing sys-

tems)BT <representations of lan-

guage >NT <writing systems by case

distinction ><writing systems by

function >alphabets<consonantal writing

systems >logographic writing

systemslogosyllabariessyllabaries

RT orthography

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 129

written communicationCL C. 63. 7. 7SN Visual communication

that is bound to lan-guage

BT visual communicationWSR

USE negative letterspacingWWW

USE World-Wide Webx-height

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 86UF ex-heightBT <type dimensions >

XHTMLCL C. 32. 3. 40. 60BT markup languages

XMLCL C. 32. 3. 40. 70UF Extensible Markup

LanguageBT markup languages

yoghCL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 85BT <specific letters >

zenkakuUSE fullwidth characters

zincographsCL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 78BT lithographs

131

Appendix A. New term proposalTo propose a new term, send this completed form to Paul Hoffman, c/o Simmons Col-lege, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 300 The Fenway, Boston,MA 02115, USA.

Name of submitter:

E-mail address of submitter:

Date:Proposed term:

Definition:

Suggested broader term:

Suggested narrower terms:

Suggested lead-in terms:

Source(s) of term:

Related terms already inTGDT:

Rationale for adding theproposed term:

132 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term

133

Appendix B. IdentifiersThe ANSI/NISO standard addresses the need for proper names in a thesaurus: these“may be assigned to content objects identifiers, differentiated from topical terms”(ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005, §6.6.7). Identifiers for people and places fall outside thescope of the TGDT, but in consideration of its special emphasis on practice, it lists iden-tifiers for selected instances of four important open-ended classes of identifiers not nor-mally considered for inclusion in a thesaurus: typefaces, languages, software, and fileformats. In addition, provision is made for creating identifiers for individual characterswithin the Unicode character set.

The TGDT distinguishes these identifiers by listing them in italics within squarebrackets – for example, the French language is listed as [French (language) ].

Because these identifiers are considered to fall outside the preferred terminology ofthe the TGDT proper, they are not assigned classification notations of their own; instead,the notation for their parent terms may be used with a plus sign (‘+’) appended, followedby a suitable code as discussed below, if one is available.

Identifier Classification notationClassBase Qualifier Base + Extension

Typefaces Commonly acceptedname of the typeface

typeface C.44.74.90 + No recommendation

Characters Unicode charactername

character C.44.13.90 + Unicode hexadeci-mal character code

Languages SIL Ethnologue pri-mary name

language C.79.9 + SIL Ethnologuethree-letter code

Software Manufacturer’s namefor the software, pre-ceded by the manu-facturer’s name ifneeded

software C.27.62.9 + No recommendation

File formats Commonly acceptedname (may be anacronym)

file format C.27.10.30.6 + Commonly usedacronym or initial-ism

Table 1. Summary of identifier classes.Table 1 summarizes the recommended practice in constructing identifiers and their clas-sification notations.

134

TypefacesDuring the early development of the TGDT, the establishment of a classificationalscheme for typefaces was considered but rejected; nonetheless, existing terms for classes oftypefaces have significant literary warrant and are included in the TGDT.

Typeface names are drawn from a variety of sources; only those typefaces that areconsistently named and that are believed to have the greatest significance have beenlisted.

No particular convention of classification extensions for typeface identifiers is recom-mended; users are urged to use the classification notation for <specific typefaces > – i.e.,C.44.74.90 – followed by a plus sign (‘+’) and the name of the typeface in question.

CharactersThe TGDT includes a number of characters in the Latin alphabet as topical terms. Othercharacters that are not listed in the thesaurus may be assigned an identifier by appendingthe qualifier ‘character’to the Unicode 4.1 character name. If the last word of the Unicodename is ‘character’, no qualifier is added.

Only the first word of the character name, and any proper nouns that would normallybe capitalized in English usage, should be capitalized.

Classification notation extensions should take the form of the four- or five-digithexadecimal Unicode character code; the notation C.44.13.90 should be used as the base.Examples

[Greek letter sampi (character) ] C.44.13.90+03E0[Erase to the left (character) ] C.44.13.90+232B[Linear B syllable B060 ra (character) ] C.44.13.90+10028

LanguagesLanguage identifiers may be constructed by taking the language’s primary name as givenin the SIL International Ethnologue,1 with the qualifier ‘language’ added. If the word‘language’ is already present in the language name, the qualifier is not added.

Identifiers for language families may be constructed using the language family nameas given in the Ethnologue plus the word ‘languages’, except that if the word ‘language’already appears in the name of the language family, it is replaced by the word ‘languages’.The pseudo-family ‘unclassified language(s)’ should not be used.

1 Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: languages of the world (15th ed.). Dal-las, TX: SIL International.

135

If desired, classification notations for languages may be constructed by appending aslash (‘+’) and the corresponding three-letter Ethnologue code to the classification nota-tion C.79.9, corresponding to the guide term <specific languages>.

Classification notations for language families and other language groups may be con-structed by a similar process from the base notations C.79.3.3 and C.79.3.5, respectively.No recommendation for constructing classification notations for language families orgroups is possible, since no appropriate standard is yet available.Examples

[Xhosa (language) ] C.79.9+xho[American sign language] C.79.9+ase[Iroquoian languages] C.79.3.3+[Artificial languages] C.79.3.5+

Writing systemsWriting systems that do not appear in the thesaurus may be used as identifiers, though itis best to request an addition to the thesaurus when doing so. The common name for thewriting system is used; the qualifier ‘writing system’ should be added if the name does notend in a word such as ‘alphabet’ or ‘script’. If no commonly accepted name exists for thewriting system, the qualifier ‘(writing system)’ should be added to the name of the lan-guage most commonly associated with the it.

The classification notation C.44.90+ should be used for identifiers for writing systemsnot already found in the TGDT; no known standard is available for the addition of anextension.Example

[Klingon alphabet ] C.44.90+

SoftwareWhen constructing an identifier for a computer application or other software, do not dis-tinguish between operating systems, applications, and other software. Because of corpo-rate mergers and acquisitions, different versions of a single software package may bedeveloped by different companies, so the company name should be used only when nec-essary.

The base notation C.27.62.9 may be used for classifying software products; becausethere is no suitable source of software classifications, no further extension may be added.

Computer fonts should be treated as described under Typefaces above, not as soft-ware.

136

Examples[Photoshop (software) ] C.27.62.9+[Microsoft Windows (software) ] C.27.62.9+[Mac OS X (software) ] C.27.62.9+[ColorSync (software) ] C.27.62.9+

File formatsBecause of their importance to practitioners of typography and graphic design, identifiersfor common file formats are listed in the TGDT.Examples

[GIF (file format) ][PDF (file format) ]