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ADA953343

UnclassifiedConfidential

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Distribution authorized to U.S. Defense agencies only; Test and Evaluation; 19 Aug 1942. Other requests shall be referred to the Army Watertown Arsenal, Materials Tech Lab, Watertown, MA 02172.

C to U: 30 Nov 1965, DoDD 5200.10, gp-4. E/4 to A/1: 27 Jun 1984, per document marking.

UNCLASSIFIED

AD NUMBER:

CLASSIFICATION CHANGES

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FROM:

AUTHORITY

THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED

ADA953343

Confidential

Restricted (Aug 1942)

5 Nov 1953, E.O. 10501

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DISTRIBUTION OF REPORTS

REPOR T NO. __ ~_J/_-,_✓...,_,/_l_f'_ DATE DIST RIBCTED _____ _ 61 NO. OF COP I ES __ I.__ __ _

Author

Lab. File

Main Office File

Chief of Ordn ance

Springfield Armory

Watervliet Arsenal

J

I • i I' ···1· c.r ' S.v.•· r. c. - J, : i,., ,c ,,.

·o r,. ):,1 '\,rv' ",/

.- ~I,~ I I:? r \ J '/' ••~ fl ... ..,_,.~ '•,~,1, (I ... ,~..:,,(~~ l!it '\,,.,.,

Rock Is I and Arsen a I

Frankford Arsenal

-1

Picatinny Arsenal

Aberdeen Proving Ground

Extra Copies ---~·"1 ~

Other establishments requesting work.

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SAH / mlc VNCLASStEt_ED

Report No. 642/18 Wat ertown Ar senal

Aug11st 19, 1942

ARC WELDI NG OF ARMOR

Welded Y Plate of Two-Inch Thick

Rolled Homogeneous Armor

OBJECT

To make a complete metallurgical examination of a 211 thick Y

plate submitted by the Lincoln Electric Company and tested ballisti-

cally at Aberdeen Proving Ground.

REFEEENCES

Letter File 00 470.5/7015, .APG 470.5/2089 APG 470.5/2089-1, WA 470.5/3972

This basic corre spondence is included in Appendix A.

:Balli stic results will be found in Aberd.een Proving Ground firing

record P2261, Al877 dated 11/21/41.

CONCLUSIONS

1. The plate passed ballistic test, but the joint was

not entirely satisfactory as a large crack developed in the weld

metal under ballistic shock.

2. The following defects were found which would materially

lower the resistance to shock: (1) incomplete penetration of weld

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT l'.i -1 Approved for public relea.sej

Distribution Unlimited

UNCLASSlEIED ' ', I I II' -,-:-- , ·- --

1 ti I' ( I I iilhl,hH1·11,l;.nu.,~rw,~11·lil.l~llililiil! l..l'!Wihltl!.ill!iea1 ,p.,jl I! 111 1,1 .. 111-11u1,11u 141,J,l!H•,1--L ..... ,, .... _,,,,

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metal between armor p lat e and l ow carbon steel stri:p u13ed at

root of ,jo int; (2) small crater cra cks, slag inclusions, and

areas of carbide precipftation in vicinity of same steel strip.

APPROVED:

--·-·· H. Zornig Colonel, Ordnance Dept. Director of Laboratory

~ l ~V

-2-

I

W. L. Warner Welding Engineer

1 ••• 1 ... .... r

INTRODUCTION AND TEST PROCE.DUBE

A weld.ea. Y plate 36 11 x 36 11 x 2 11 of homogeneous armor rolled

by Carnegie Illinois Steel Corporation was received for physical

and metallurgical examination. The joint was de si gned, welded,

e,nd submitted to Aberd.een Proving Ground for ballistic test by

the Lincoln Electric Company as part of the progrnm for the

development of arc welding of armor.

The joint forming the weld was 45° double V. A l ow carbon

steel strip wa.s tack weld.ad in the root f or clo sure and a modified

18/8 stainles s electrode (Lincoln Armorweld) was used in welding

the joint.

Specimens for physical and metallurgical examination were

taken as indicated in Figure 1 and the accompa.nying ta.ble. The

area from which specimens were taken wa s not affected by the

ballistic test as far as could be determined by visual examination.

DATA AND DISCUSSION

1. Visual Inspection

Figures 1 and 2 are photographs of front and rear of

pla.te. Cracks opened up by ballistic shock are shown.

2. Nondestructive and Inspection Test~

Radiographic examination of the weld before balli stic

test disclosed a lack of penetration of weld metal, between the

a.rmor :ple,te and low carbon steel strip used at root of joint, and

crater cracks in the weld metal •

. .... .!.-. ' I

.~

...

-~-----· -·- --

I ~

3. Chemical Analysis

Re sults cf chemical analysis were a s follows:

C Mn Si p s Ni Cr Cu V

1.f!dd Metal 0. 14 3,75 0-34 0.007 0.0lli 8.45 15.59 o.o~ Trace

Armor Plate 0.30 0.25 0.025 0.025 3.11 1.25

l~. Macro examination

A cross section of the weld, as prepared for macro-

exarnination, is sho~m in Figure 3. Incomplete p enetration of

the weld metal and small weld metal cracks are evident.

5. Hardness Surve~•

Result s of Vickers Brinell hardness survey taken acro ©t:

section prepared for ma.croexarnination are shown in Figure 4.

Repre sentative hardness readings were as follows:

Front

Rear

Base Metal

302

307

6. Tensile Tests

Heat-affected Zone

514

421

Weld Metal

278

21.io

A standard .505 11 diameter tensile bar was taken longi-

tudinally in the weld metal and two (2) flat tensile bars were

ta.~en across the joint. Figure 5 is a sketch of flat tensile

bars. Results of tests were as fol.lows:

-4-

Mo

Uil

~1 w11-• 0 -~· •-··-•-"·- .. -·-·•·-· ..... -.. ·~· ............. ,. i

:-------------------------------- -···--·

FIGURE 1

Front v:tew of Y ,ioint in 2 11 rolled

homogeneous armor plate after ballistic test.

Specimens were maxked out for the following

purposes:

·•-••·••·...,•- ....... , •• , .. -.~ .._ ...... -1-uu .. -...-1-1,t1,.,,111i.a,till1..:Jtirld4 fr.

lA for tension test of welded joint

lE II II II II II II

10 11 macro, micro, and hardness survey

lD II tension test of weld metal

lE II chemical analysis of weld metal -+·

I,

1

r j

l j

J

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,. .... _ w_..,_..., ..... ._.., ........ ,i,,,~IUoJ• I# f

.,,

WATERTO'fN ARSENAL

211 ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR 3611

Of LINCOLN ARMORWELO. FEBRUARY 18 1942 fRONT

FIGURE 1

X 3611 • 11 Y11 JOINT FLAME CUT EDGES

W.A.710-1749

-----------••~•0-"'~IUI Ill .:1111,,,,.,.,J·'

: I , I

,c I - , , ••"'" ,u,...,. •,. • ~ .l

FIGURE 2

Rear v·iew of Y jo:i.nt in 2 11 rolled

homogeneous armor plate after ballistic

test.

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I .,.

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WATERTOWN ARSENAL

2 11 ROLLED HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR 36" X 3611 • 11 Y" JO I NT OF LINCOLN WELD ARMOR. F'LAME CUT EDGES FEBRUARY 18 1042 BACK W.A.710-1750

FIGURE 2

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1,:

FIGURE 3

Cross section of weld as prepared

for macroexamination. Area of incomplete

weld metal penetra.tion and criwks are

indicated. by arrows.

~ ., ••·•-•~•-• "• I"• ,_, .•• ~, • •·• I, -.t -••"'" ••••~ •••"""-•" ~,._.,,, __ .,.,_ _ .. .,,_.,,,_.Uwl

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FIGURE t~

Vickers Brinell hardness survey as

taken on same weld. cross section prepared

for macroexamination.

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HARDIIESS SURVEY Of WE LD CROSS -seer I C•N , "Y" \/ELD I N 2 " HOMOGENEOUS ARMOH H . ,\ . b J9-,1JUt)

f t GURE 4

- ·--- -- - - . ------.

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FIGURE 5

Type of tensile test specimen

taken. acrosa weld joint.

,,.!.1 .......... .,j.... 1.,1 ! '• !l /!,,, ti !! 't:"U•·::~.L~.:.. ·I j:•!1 .... . /.,,!.'.: ;,.,,,. •• u,, t 1,11, ! I h1 I! ,!//hi I ! !

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l .

A.

and mild

B.

and armor

1 :11.i, -1 .,. '"I

:E'IGURE 6

18/8 weld metal I

Boundary of 'I steel strip. 'I•

I

Boundary of 18/8 weld. metal ' :I, J!f1

plate. !I

11/1 j I!'!

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x.100 £TCH: J/J7o CHROMIC. .1 o/, N IT'4L

~Oi"•C HROMIC.

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W.A.639-4391 ,.

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------..................... ~ .. · ·- ·- .... ., .. .. - .... ,. . ...... ,_,..,,, ........ .... - .,., ........ ..... ..... ~,-..... _ .,,~.-··· - ··~-••"·-·-·--· .. •-"m""•l"Hl

FIGURE 7

Areas where weld metal failed to

penetrate between mild steel strip and

armor plate.

1,i!;

lr

Yield Strength Ten si l e Strength Elongation Location pAi(0.1% ext.) usi % (1 11 gage ) Remarks

Across joint 1 A

Acr oss joint 1 E

Longitudinally in weld metal

76,900

69,200

70,000

7. Micr oexamination

84,500 20

70,200 17

94,700 33

Break occurred in weld meta l at cen-ter of joint.

Break occurred in weld metal & showed slag inclusions at edge of steel strip . Break occurred in middle third of speci-men & showed a large slag inclusion.

Figures 6, 7, and 8 are photomicrographs of the weld

section. Figure 6 shows bounclaries of weld metal and low carbon

steel strip and of weld metal and armor plate. Figure 7 shows

area where weld metal did not penetrate between armor plate and

low carbon steel strip. Figure 8 shows a crater crack and an

area of weld. metal near the steel strip in which carbides have

precipitated. The weld defects of Figures 7 and 8 are regarded.

as deleterious to the resistance to ballistic shock of thi s type

,joint.

-5-

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r~: ".

X100 A.

X100

8. Fie. 7

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E.TCH: 107, CHROMIC ANP 1 7. NiTAL

ere H: 107. CHRowi,c 17• NITAL

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FIGURE 8

A. Crater crack in weld metal.

B. Area of carbide precipitation in

weld. metal at bo,mdary of mild. steel strip

and weld metal.

I fl 1,

:,

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ETCH! 107,, C.HROMIC. .1i7o ·N1TAL

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APPENDIX A

Basic Correspondence

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COPY - ml c

Bro oker / mllg

o.o . 11.70 ,,5/7015

WAR DEPARTMENT

OF]'I CE OF THE CHI EJ!, 01!"' ORDNANCE

WASHDWTON At t enti on of I nd . Serv-- Tank Di v.

AFG 470 .5/ 2039 December 15, 1941

Subj ect: 2 11 Thick Y Plate Welded by the Lincoln El e ctric Company - F. R. P2261 Al877 da ted November 21, 1941

To: Commandi ng General Aberdeen Proving Ground M.."1.I'yla...'ld

l. It is re~iested that the plate u sed for the sul)j ect shock test be sent to Watertown Arsenal for metallurgical examination.

2. A separate letter will be sent to the Arsenal reque s ting this work.

By order of the Chief of Ordnance:

s/t JOHN L. ATKINS Major, Ordnance Dept. Assistant

00 470.5/7015 APG 470.5/2089 1st. Ind. Lt. Elli s/rn

Commanding General, Aberdeen Proving Gr01.md, Md. December 20, 19ln. To: Com..manding General, Watertown Arsenal, Watertown, Massachusetts.

1. As requested in paragraph one basic letter, subject plate has been sent to your arsenal,

II I

For the Commanding General:

',' I 't· I •1·•· •• ,. ...... 1~~~

I 'I' I I . ,111 :-. 1 '·, I' ,I I Ii I I . I 11 I II I I 11111 11111 •1111 I I I 11 1,: '!,.'I ' I I ' ' 11• ii'' II 1111 I· ' 1'[ I I I I : I i)} . I 1' I : 1,1:, • : 1· • •• ·: • ' l'J I I I . 111 I I 11 ' 1111 1111 I 11 I 4 I I I I , 111 I I I

COPY - mlc

COPY - 6/23/42 - a.hlc

WAR DEPARTMENT

ABF.,RDEEN PROVING GROUND

MARYLAND

A.P.G. 47005/2089-1 W.A. 47005/3972

Lt . Elli s/ rn

January 3, 1942.

Subject: Re 211 Y Welded Plate Submitted by Lincoln Electric Co .

To: The Commanding General Watertown Arsenal Watertown, Massachusetts.

1. It is requested t 'ha t sub5ect plate be examined metallurgically by your arsenal upon arrival.

2. l3allistic results will be found on Aberdeen Proving Ground firing record P2261, Al877 dated 11/21/41.

For the Commanding General:

(s/t)

I [

G. G-. Eddy, Lt. Col., Ord. Dept.,

Assistant

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