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UNDER PRESSURE EQUIPMENTS:
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS
Technical Centre of Mechanical industries
SENLIS – France
IN MORROCO
MOROCCO CMD CETIM DEVELOPMENT
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Nondestructive Controls: Of evolution needs
• Faster controls
• More discriminant controls
• Tracking
• Limit the exposition to ionizing rays
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Technological context
• Digital techniques packaging
• Increase of available memory volumes
• Computer drop of costs
• Generalization of multielement
implementation techniques in the
area of medical scan
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UNDER PRESSURE
EQUIPMENT CONTROL
Acoustic emission (1)
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Acoustic emission in a storage area
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Acoustic emission in a storage area
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Acoustic emission: periodical sphere control
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3 categories of Mode - EA
classification source
• category 1 : non significant
• category 2 : recommended investigations
• category 3 : criticisms - compulsory investigations
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20 mm
Zone 2 : l = 5 mm Manque de fusion
60 mm
Zone 1 : l = 40 mm
6 mm
Micro-inclusions
Piquage supérieur
Fond supérieur
Manque de fusion en bord de chanfraincôté piquage
Experience
Categories 1 & 2
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Setting up of wave guides for an acoustic
emission control
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acoustic emission on a composite
structure
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TOFD ultrasound method control
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New equipments for control(2)
• TOFD devices (2 mono elements sensors)
Principle of TOFD METHOD
Echo de fond
Onde latérale Emetteur Récepteur Recording of B-SCAN images type signals
Interest: tracking, rapidity on end-to-end soldering
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Aerial suitcases . End-to-end longitudinal soldering
Example of ultrasound implementation in industrial
areas
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TOFD and Radiography
Examples of alternative implementations
BTT boiler work unit:
Soldering Control on aero-coolers according to the ASME code (2235-9 code case )
Controlled Materials:
• Carbon Steel
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Examples of alternative implementations
Boiler work case: radiography
TOFD and Radiography
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Examples of alternative implementations
Boiler work Case: (TOFD) alternative Method
TOFD and Radiography
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Control and Measure Engineering
New Control Method
Multielements
Civa designing software
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New control equipments (3)
Multielements ultrasound devices
• Scanning to tracking
• same control philosophy as in A-SCAN
mono element sensor (difference with
TOFD)
• Sector-based and angular cleaning so
rapidity
Figure 2 : electronic focusing
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Multielement ultrasound control method
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Examples of alternative implementations
Boiler work case : alternative Method
(TOFD)
TOFD and Phased array Collectors kit
Carbon steel
Ep 35 mm
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Examples of alternative implementations
Boiler work case: Multielements alternative methods
Phased array et RX Aerial kit
Carbon steel
35 mm Ep
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Pipe control by guided waves method
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Available materials on the market (1/2) – piezoelectric sounding
• 10 – 100 kHz Multiple soundings
• Dry air pump contact
• Possibility to introduce a out of phase between soundings (focusing)
• Able to radically localize failures
Source TWI
Solderin
g
material loss Symmetric
vertical
Flexion horizontal
Flexion
Symmetric
Time
Soundin
gs
flange
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Tests on bed
• Steel 324 mm et e=7,1 mm carbon Tubes
• Three sections
• Different forms and failure size
12 m
6 m
12 m 6 m
Progressive thickness loss
Short thickness loss
Long thickness loss
Unblocked pit
12 m 12 m
End to end Soldering
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Failure form Influence
• Round face thickness loss: - 4% of the
section
8 m
End to end
soldering
Round face
thickness loss magnetostrictive
Sonde
4 mm 0.2 mm
100 mm
64 kHz magnetostrictive
Sonde
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Machining presence
11 m
18 m
Short thicness loss magnetostrictive Sonde
« Dead zone» ~ 4 m Solution : each side of
machining control
64 kHz
magnetostrictive
Sonde
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From infrared thermography to stimulated infrared thermography
• Temperature measure without contact on the tested spot Camera obtained thermal image • Naturally heat transmitter elements Thermal flux variation Diagnostic of implementation • Evolution stimulated thermography
Infrared thermography
30,0°C
150,0°C
40
60
80
100
120
140
Example of an
under pressure
equipment
(CETIM)
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HYPERFREQUENCY RADAR FOR THE DETECTION OF BURIED PIPES
Principle of radar
auscultation Radar image obtained
from buried pipes
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Engineering Control & Measures
GNV storage: 7 to 9 isolable
tanks from one to the others
GNV Transport : stainless
pipes with links and gates
Added advantages : thermal
fusibles, flanges,...
Natural gas composite stocking tanks
Detailed inspection control vehicle
200 Bar high pressure gas circuit
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Training of inspectors in GNV
Storage control
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ARA/SAMIR – 30/31 Octobre 2008 – Morocco African Refiners Association TOFD Corrosion follow-up
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Active corrosion follow-up
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CRITICALITY AND
RELIABILITY OF UNDER
PRESSURE EQUIPMENTS
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Engineering Control & Measures ESP reliability and criticality
CETIM thanks to its entire competencies realizes under
pressure equipments’ criticality and reliability studies
The CETIM expertise consists in determining :
Critical failures’ size vis-à-vis the fragile break
Identification of pertinent indications
Harmfulness of measured failures
Causes which generated the appearance of failures
A report including the entire study is delivered
Technical support and customer escort is proposed
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CETIM VVD :
measurement of under pressure equipments
according to EN 13445
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Ultrasounds normalization
International Codes
• ASME Codes – Section XI
• Already detected failures measurement by ultrasounds methods (including TOFD) Section V.
• CIT Option (Computerized Imaging Technique) in article 4 [« Ultrasonic examination methods for welds »]; Possibility of digital techniques use (implicitly) including TOFD. First version in 1992. – Code case 2235
• Permits to use the ultrasounds instead of the radiology provided in Section VIII, division 1 and 2. (Not only in TOFD). First version end of 1996; presently we are using the 2235-9 version.
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European codes and projects Codes
• CODAP
• A non-compulsory annex which permits to use the TOFD as an examination method. – T.O.F.D Projects.
• KINT Project
• Dutch project, started in 1998 to define criteria, the detection being based on adjustments recommended by the 583-6 EN norm. The method and recommended values have been proposed at the European level but were not accepted.
• TOFDPROOF
• The European project began in 2002 and ended recently. Destined to create a pack of documents on the TOFD implementation method.
• Main results: Recommendation emission concerning norms evolution (XP CEN/TS 14751 in particular), training and qualification of operators, acceptation criteria proposal.
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TOFD Codes
• Applicable Tofd Norms (non-treated criteria) – ASTM E 2373-2004: « Standard Practice for use of TOFD Technique (2004) »
– BS 7706 (1993): « Guide to Calibration and Setting-up of the Ultrasonic Time-of –Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique for Detection, Location and Sizing of Flaws »
– XP ENV 583-6 (2005) : « Technique of diffraction flight time used as a detection and measuring of discontinuities »
– XP CEN/TS 14751 (2005) : « Use of flight diffraction time technique (TOFD) for soldering examination »
• Discussed Tofd Norms – Pr NF EN 15167 (2006): « Non destructive tests of joint assembling – Flight
times diffraction Technique (TOFD method)- Acceptation levels».
• Definite Vote in 2008
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UNDER PRESSURE EQUIPMENTS :
INNOVATIVE PRACTICES OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS
Conclusion
1- Acoustic emission
2- Tofd
3- Phased Array
4- Guided waves
T
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UNDER PRESSURE EQUIPMENT: INNOVATIVE PRACTICES NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
Mechanical industries technical centre
SENLIS – France
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
ARA/SAMIR – October 30/31, 2008 –
Morocco Africa Refiners Association
