Unit1:GettingReadyforChemistryIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit1test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.Icanlistfiveimportantlabsafetyrules.
5importantlabsafetyrulesare:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_____2.Icanidentifythemostcommonlaboratorytoolssuchas:beaker,graduatedcylinder,Erlenmeyerflask,scoop,beakertongs,testtube,testtuberack,testtubeholder,crucibletongs,Bunsenburner,striker,stirringrod,funnel,dropperpipette(akaeyedropper)
Drawandlabelasmanyofthecommonlaboratorytoolsasyoucan!
_____3.Icandeterminetheindependentanddependentvariableinalabexperiment.
Afarmerwantstoknowwhattheeffecttheamountoffertilizerhasontheamountoffruitanappletreeproduces.Whatistheindependentvariable?Whatisthedependentvariable?
_____4.Icandeterminethenumberofsignificantfiguresinameasurement.
Howmanysignificantfiguresaretherein30.50cm?Howmanysignificantfiguresaretherein400.0sec?
_____5.Icandeterminetheanswertoamathproblemtothecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.
Tothecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures,whatistheanswerto5.93mL+4.6mL?Tothecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures,whatistheanswerto5.93cm*4.6cm?
_____6.Icanreadthemeniscusonagraduatedcylindertothecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.
Thevolumeis______________________mL.
_____7.Icanusedimensionalanalysistosolvemathproblems.
Tothecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures,determinehowmanymeterstherearein15.4ft.Tothecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures,determinehowmanyminutestherearein2.7years.
_____8.Icanconvertnumbersintoscientificnotationfromstandardnotation.
Convert87,394,000,000,000toscientificnotation.Convert0.0000040934toscientificnotation.
_____9.Icanconvertnumbersintostandardnotationfromscientificnotation.
Convert5.8x109tostandardnotation.Convert4.3x10-5tostandardnotation.
_____10.Icanusemycalculatortoinputnumbersinscientificnotationusingthe“2ndfunction&EEkeys.
Enterthenumber5.67x1052onyourcalculatorandshowMrs.S.She’llinitialthisbox,ifyou’vedoneitcorrectly!
_____11.Icanconvertbetweendifferentmetricunitsbyusing“KingHenrydiedbydrinkingchocolatemilk”.
9.3km=?m39,983mL=?kL
_____12.IcanconvertbetweendifferentmetricunitsbyusingReferenceTableCanddimensionalanalysis.
1.5x10-3km=?µm4.67x1013pm=?dm
_____13.IcandeterminewhichequationtousefromReferenceTableTbylookingatthegiveninformation.
Whichequationwouldyouusetosolvethefollowingproblem?(Don’tsolveit.JusttellmeWHICHequationtouse.)Problem:HowmanygramsofLiBr(gram-formulamass=87g/mol)would3.5molesofLiBrbe?
_____14.Icansolvefor“x”whenit’sinthedenominatorofafraction.
Whatisthevolume,incm3,of54.6gofberyllium(density=1.85g/cm3)
_____15.IcanconvertoCtodegreeskelvinanddegreeskelvintooC.
Whatkelvintemperatureisequalto200oC?WhatCelsiustemperatureisequalto200K?
_____16.GiventhesymbolIcanwritethenameforanyelementinGroup1,Group2,Group13,Group14,Group15,Group16,Group17orGroup18withoutusingaPeriodicTable.
Al______________________ Ca_______________________ Ne______________________ N_______________________ Na______________________ S________________________ Br_______________________ Ge_______________________
_____17.Giventhesymbolorthename,IcandeterminetheGroupforanyelementinGroup1,Group2,Group13,Group14,Group15,Group16,Group17orGroup18withoutusingaPeriodicTable.
Al______________________ Ca_______________________ Ne______________________ N_______________________ Na______________________ S________________________ Br_______________________ Ge_______________________
_____18.Icandefinegram-formulamass(AKAmolarmass).
Definition:
_____19.Giventhechemicalsymbol/formula,Icandeterminehowmanyatomsarepresent.
HowmanymolesofatomsareinN2?Whatisthetotal#ofmolesofatomsinPb(C2H3O2)2?HowmanymolesofCatomsareinPb(C2H3O2)2?
_____20.Icandeterminethegram-formulamassforanyelementorcompound.
WhatisthegfmforN2?WhatisthegfmforPb(C2H3O2)2?
_____21.Icandefineamoleasitpertainstochemistry.
Definition:
_____22.IcanfindthenumberofmolesofsubstanceifIamgiventhemassandformulaforthesubstance.
94.3gishowmanymolesofNaCl?
_____23.Icandeterminethepercentcompositionofanelementinacompound.
WhatisthepercentbymassofMg inMg(NO3)2?
_____24.IcanconvertbetweenmolesandnumbersofparticlesusingAvogadro’snumber?
Howmanymolesofcarbonatomsaretherein4.8x1024atomsofC?
_____25.IcanconvertbetweenmolesandL(assumingSTP).
HowmanyLdoes4.60molesofO2occupyassumingSTP?
Unit2:IntroductiontoMatterIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit2test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.Icandefinethefollowing:atom,element,compound,mixture
Definitions:atomelementcompoundmixture
_____3.Icandrawparticlediagramstorepresentanatom,anelement,amolecule,acompound,amixture
2Atomsof1Element
2Moleculeof1Compound
Mixtureof2elements
Mixtureof2compounds
Mixtureofanelementandacompound
_____4.Icanclassifysubstancesasapuresubstance(elementorcompound)orasamixture.
Puteachofthefollowingexamplesintothecorrectcolumn.Examples:C12H22O11,NaCl,Fe,saltwater,air,CO2,H2,Ar,soda
Element
Compound Mixture
_____5.Icandefinehomogeneousmixtureandheterogeneousmixtureintermsofparticledistribution.
Definitions:homogeneousmixtureheterogeneousmixture
_____6.Icangiveanexampleofhomogeneousandheterogeneousmixtures.
Twoexamplesofhomogeneousmixtures:a.b.Twoexamplesofheterogeneousmixtures:a.b.
_____7.Icanclassifyapropertyasphysicalorchemical.
Write“P”forphysicalor“C”forchemicalonthelineprovided._____copper(II)sulfateisblue._____copperreactswithoxygen._____coppercanbemadeintowire._____copperhasadensityof8.96g/cm3._____coppermeltsat1358K._____copperreactswithnitricacid._____copperdoesn’tdissolveinwater.
_____8.Icanclassifyachangeasphysicalorchemical.
Write“P”forphysicalor“C”forchemicalonthelineprovided._____copper(II)sulfatedissolvesinwater._____copperreactswithoxygentoformsolidcopper(I)oxide._____solidcopperismelted._____achunkofcopperispoundedflat._____copperandzincaremixedtoformbrass._____alargepieceofcopperischoppedinhalf._____copperreactswithbrominetoformcopper(II)bromide.
_____9.Inaparticlediagram,Icandistinguishbetweenaphysicalchangeandachemicalchange.
SubstanceACircletheparticlediagramthatbestrepresentsSubstanceAafteraphysicalchangehasoccurred.
_____10.Icandefine:solute,solvent,solution,andsolubility.
Definitions:solutesolventsolutionsolubility
_____11.Icandescribethetrendinsolubilityforsolidsasthetemperaturechanges.
Asthetemperatureincreases,thesolubilityofasolid_________________.
_____12.Icandescribethetrendinsolubilityforgasesasthetemperaturechanges.
Asthetemperatureincreases,thesolubilityofagas_________________.
_____13.IcanuseReferenceTableFtodetermineifasubstancewillbesolubleinwater.
Write“S”forsolubleand“NS”fornotsoluble.UseReferenceTableFtodeterminethesolubilityofthefollowingcompounds:_____potassiumchlorate_____silverbromide_____lithiumcarbonate_____calciumcarbonate
_____14.IcanuseTableGtodeterminehowmuchsolutetoaddatagiventemperaturetomakeasaturatedsolution.
HowmanygramsofKClO3mustbedissolvedin100gramsofwaterat20oCtomakeasaturatedsolution?
_____15.IcanuseTableGtodetermineifasolutionissaturated,unsaturated,orsupersatured.
If20.0gofNaNO3aredissolvedin100.0gofwaterat25.0oC,willtheresultingsolutionbesaturated,unsaturated,orsupersaturated?
_____16.Icandefine:dilute,concentrated,concentration,andelectrolyte.
Definitions:diluteconcentratedconcentrationelectrolyte
_____17.IcaninterpretTableGtodeterminewhichsolutionisthemostconcentratedorthemostdilute.
Whichsolutionismostconcentrated?A)125.0gofKIdissolvedin100.0gofwaterat10oCB)70.0gofNH4Cldissolvedin100.0gofwaterat70oC
C)120.0gofKNO3dissolvedin100.0gofwaterat70oC
D)30.0gofSO2dissolvedin100.0gofwaterat90oC_____18.IcanuseReferenceTableTtocalculatetheconcentrationofasolutioninppm.
Whatistheconcentration,inppm,ofa2600gofsolutioncontaining0.015gofCO2?
_____19.IcanuseReferenceTableTtocalculatetheconcentrationofasolutioninmolarity.
Whatisthemolarityof3.5molesofNaBrdissolvedin500mLofwater?
_____20.Icandeterminehowmatterwillbeseparatedusingfiltration.
Whenamixtureofsand,salt,sugar,andwaterisfiltered,whatpassesthroughthefilter?
_____21.Icandescribehowmattercanbeseparatedusingdistillation.
Whichphysicalpropertymakesitpossibletoseparatethecomponentsofcrudeoilbymeansofdistillation?
_____23.Icanstatewhichseparationprocess(decanting,filtering,distilling,chromatography,orevaporating)isbestforagivensituation.
Toseparateamixtureofsaltandwater,thebestmethodofseparationwouldbe______________________.
Toseparateamixtureofethanolandwater,thebestmethodofseparationwouldbe_______________________.
Toseparateamixtureoffoodcoloringdyes,thebestmethodofseparationwouldbe___________________________.
Toseparateamixtureofoilandwater,thebestmethodofseparationwouldbe_____________________________.
_____24.Icandefineallotrope.
Defintion:allotrope
_____25.Icanstatethedifferencesbetweentwoallotropesofthesameelement.
Twoallotropesofthesameelementhavedifferentmolecularstructuresandthereforehavedifferent________________and__________________properties.
Unit3:Matter&EnergyIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit3test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.Icandefinekineticenergy,potentialenergy,temperature,heat,endothermic,andexothermic.
Defintions:kineticenergypotentialenergytemperatureheatendothermicexothermic
____4.Icanuseparticlediagramstoshowthearrangementandspacingofatoms/moleculesindifferentphases.
DrawaparticlediagramtorepresentatomsofLiineachphase.
Solid Liquid Gas
_____5.Icancomparesolids,liquids,andgasesintermsoftheirrelativekineticenergy,typeofmolecularmotion,abilitytocompletelyfillacontainer,abilitytochangeshape.
Solid Liquid Gas
RelativeKineticEnergy
TypeofMolecularMotion
vibrations,only vibrationandrotation
vibration,rotation,andtranslation
AbilitytoCompletelyFillaContainer
AbilitytoChangeShape
_____6.Icanstatethechangeofphaseoccurringinfusion,solidification,condensation,vaporization,melting,boiling,sublimation,deposition,andfreezing.
Duringfusionasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringsolidificationasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringcondensationasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringvaporizationasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringmeltingasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringboilingasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringsublimationasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringdepositionasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
Duringfreezingasubstancechangesfrom______________to______________.
_____7.Icanindicateifaphasechangeisexothermicorendothermic.
Foreachphasechangelisted,indicatewhetherthechangeisexothermicorendothermic.fusion/melting_______________________solidification/freezing_______________________condensation_______________________vaporization/boiling_______________________sublimation_______________________deposition_______________________
_____8.Givenaheating/coolingcurve,Icandeterminethetemperatureatwhichasubstancefreezes/meltsorcondenses/vaporizes.
Whatisthefreezingpointofthissubstance?Whatistheboilingpointofthissubstance?
_____9.Givenaheating/coolingcurve,Icandeterminewhichsectionsofthecurveshowchangesinpotentialenergy.
Onthegraph,circlethesectionsthatshowachangeinpotentialenergy.
_____10.Givenaheating/coolingcurve,Icandeterminewhichsectionsofthecurveshowchangesinkineticenergy.
Onthegraph,circlethesectionsthatshowachangeinkineticenergy.
_____11.IcanstatethetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesinoCandK.
WhatisthefreezingpointofwaterinoCandK?
_____12.IcanstatethetemperatureatwhichwatermeltsinoCandK.
WhatisthemeltingpointofwaterinoCandK?
_____13.Icanstatethetemperatureatwhichwatervaporizes/boilsinoCandK.
WhatistheboilingpointofwaterinoCandK?
_____14.IcanstatethetemperatureatwhichwatercondensesinoCandK.
WhatisthecondensingpointofwaterinoCandK?
53oC
113oC
_____15.IcanuseReferenceTableTtodeterminewhich“heat”equationisneededforagivenproblem.
Whichheatequationshouldbeusedineachofthefollowing:a.Howmuchheatisneededtovaporize100.0gofwaterat100oC?b.Howmuchheatisneededtoraisethetemperatureof100.0gofwaterby35oC?c.Howmuchheatisneededtomelt100.0goficeat0oC?
_____16.Icandefinespecificheatcapacity,heatoffusion,heatofvaporization.
Definitions:specificheatcapacityheatoffusionheatofvaporization
_____17.Icanusethe“heat”equationstosolveforanyvariable,ifIamgiventheothervariables.
Howmanygramsofwatercanbeheatedby15.0oCusing13,500Jofheat?Ittakes5210Jofheattomelt50.0gofethanolatitsmeltingpoint.Whatistheheatoffusionofethanol?
_____18.Icanstatethe5partsoftheKineticMolecularTheory.
ThefivepartsoftheKineticMolecularTheoryare:a.b.c.d.e.
_____19.Icandefineanidealgas.
Definition:idealgas
_____20.Icanstatetheconditionsofpressureandtemperatureunderwhichagaswillact“ideally”.
Agaswillactmost“ideally”undertheconditionsof___________pressure
and____________temperature.
_____21.Icanstatethetwoelementsthatactideallymostofthetime.
Thetwoelementsthatactideallymostofthetimeare_____________&
_______________.
_____22.Icanexplainhowpressureiscreatedbyagas.
Whatcausesgasmoleculestocreatepressure?
_____23.Icanstatetherelationshipbetweenpressureandvolumeforgases(assumingconstanttemperature).
Atconstanttemperature,asthepressureonagasincreases,thevolume____________________.
_____24.Icanstatetherelationshipbetweentemperatureandvolumeforgases(assumingconstantpressure).
Atconstantpressure,asthetemperatureonagasincreases,thevolume____________________.
_____25.Icanstatetherelationshipbetweentemperatureandpressureforgases(assumingconstantvolume).
Inafixedcontainer(AKA“hasconstantvolume),asthetemperatureonagasincreases,thepressure____________________.
_____26.IcanstateAvogadro’sHypothesis.
Avogadro’sHypothesissays_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____27.IcanremembertoconvertoCtoKwhenusingtheCombinedGasLawtodeterminechangesinV,P,orTofagas.
Agasoriginallyoccupies2.3Lat56oCand101.3kPa.Whatwillitsvolumebeat100oCand105.7kPa?
_____28.Icandefineboilingpointandvaporpressure.
Definition:boilingpointvaporpressure
_____29.Icanstatetheconditionofpressurethatisusedfor“normal”boilingpoints.
Thenormalboilingpointofasubstanceoccursatapressureof
__________atm/_______________kPa.
_____30.Icanstatetherelationshipbetweenatmosphericpressureandboilingpoint.
Astheatmosphericpressureincreases,theboilingpoint_________________.
Unit4:AtomicTheoryIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit4test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcandescribeJohnDalton’scontributiontoourunderstandingoftheatom.
Dalton’sModel:Whatitlookedlike:
_____5.IcandescribeJJThomson’scontributiontoourunderstandingoftheatom.
Thomson’sExperiment:Thomson’sModel:Whatitlookedlike:
_____6.IcandescribeErnestRutherford’scontributiontoourunderstandingoftheatom.
Rutherford’sExperiment:Rutherford’sModel:Whatitlookedlike:
_____7.IcandescribeNielsBohr’scontributiontoourunderstandingoftheatom.
Bohr’sModel:Whatitlookedlike:
_____8.IcandescribeJamesChadwick’scontributiontoourunderstandingoftheatom.
WhatsubatomicparticledidChadwickdiscover?
_____9.IcandescribehowSchrodinger,Heisenberg,Pauli,Dirac,andotherscontributedtoourunderstandingoftheatom.
Whatdoesthemodernmodeloftheatomlooklike?Where,inanatom,areelectronslikelytobefoundaccordingtothemodernmodel?
_____10.Icanstatethechronologicalorderofatomicmodels.
Fromoldesttonewest,listthemodelsthatwehaveusedtodescribeanatom.
_____11.Icanstatethethreesubatomicparticles,theirlocationinanatom,theircharges,andtheirmasses(inamu).
Particle#1 Particle#2 Particle#3
Name
Charge
Mass
LocationinAtom
_____12.Icanexplainwhyatomsareelectricallyneutral.
Atomsareelectricallyneutralbecausethenumberof________________isequaltothenumberof_____________________.
_____13.Icandefinemassnumberandatomicnumber.
Definitions:massnumberatomicnumber
_____14.Giventhemassnumber,Icandeterminethenumberofprotons,neutron,andelectronsinanatom.
Inanatomof212Po,howmanyprotonsarepresent?84Inanatomof212Po,howmanyelectronsarepresent?84Inanatomof212Po,howmanyneutronsarepresent?84
_____15.IcanusethePeriodicTabletodeterminetheatomicnumberofanelement.
Howmanyprotonsareinanatomofselenium?Howmanyprotonsareinanatomofsilicon?
_____16.Icandefineisotope.
Definition:isotope
_____17.Icanrepresentanatominanyofthefourmethodsofisotopicnotation.
Writethefourdifferentmethodsofisotopicnotationforanatomofbrominethathas45neutrons.Method1Method2Method3Method4
_____18.Icancalculateaverageatomicmassgiventhemassesofthenaturallyoccurringisotopesandthepercentabundances.
ElementQhastwoisotopes.If77%oftheelementhasanisotopicmassof83.7amuand23%oftheelementhasanisotopicmassof89.3amu,whatistheaverageatomicmassoftheelement?
_____19.Icandefineion,cation,andanion.
Definitions:ioncationanion
_____20.Giventhemassnumberandthecharge,Icandeterminethenumberofprotons,neutrons,andelectronsinanion.
Howmanyprotonsarein19F1-? 9 Howmanyneutronsarein19F1-? 9 Howmanyelectronsarein19F1-? 9
_____21.Icandefineprincipalenergylevel,orbital,groundstate,excitedstate,electronconfiguration,andbrightlinespectrum.
Definitions:principalenergylevel(PEL)orbitalgroundstateexcitedstateelectronconfigurationbrightlinespectrum
_____22.Icanstatethemaximumnumberofelectronsthatwillfitintoeachofthefirstfourprincipalenergylevels.
PEL1holdsamaximumof___________electrons.PEL2holdsamaximumof___________electrons.PEL3holdsamaximumof___________electrons.PEL4holdsamaximumof___________electrons.
_____23.Icanstatetherelationshipbetweendistancefromthenucleusandenergyofanelectron.
Asthedistancebetweenthenucleusandtheelectronincreases,theenergyof
theelectron__________________.
_____24.Icanstatetherelationshipbetweenthenumberoftheprincipalenergylevelandthedistancetotheatom’snucleus.
AsthenumberofthePELincreases,thedistancetothenucleus___________.
_____25.Icanexplain,intermsofsubatomicparticlesandenergystates,howabrightlinespectrumiscreated.
Abrightlinespectrumiscreatedwhen
_____26.Icanidentifytheelementsshowninabrightlinespectrum.
Whichelement(s)is/arepresentinthemixture?
_____27.Icandefinevalenceelectrons.
Definition:valenceelectron
_____28.Icanlocateandinterpretanelement’selectronconfigurationonthePeriodicTable.
Howmanyvalenceelectronsdoesanatomofrubidiumhaveinthegroundstate?Howmanyprincipalenergylevelscontainelectronsinanatomofiodineinthegroundstate?
_____29.Icanidentifyanelectronconfigurationthatshowsanatomintheexcitedstate.
Whichelectronconfigurationrepresentsanatomofpotassiumintheexcitedstate?A)2-8-7-1
B)2-8-8-1
C)2-8-7-2
D)2-8-8-2
_____30.IcandrawLewiselectrondotdiagramsforagivenelement.
DrawtheLewiselectrondotdiagramforthefollowingatoms: Li Be B C N O F Ne
_____31.Icandefineandstatetheimportanceof“octetofvalenceelectrons.”
Definition:octetofvalenceelectronsTheimportanceofhavingacomplete“octetofvalenceelectrons”is
Unit5:NuclearChemistryIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit5test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.Icancomparetypesofradiationintermsofsymbol,massnumber,charge,penetratingpower,shieldingrequired,andbiologicalhazard.
Type Symbol Mass# Charge PenetratingPower
ShieldingRequired
BioHazard
alpha
beta
gamma
neutron
positron
_____6.Icanidentifythethreetypesofnuclearreactions.
Thethreetypesofnuclearreactionsare:a.b.c.
_____7.Icandefinetransmutation,fission,andfusion.
Definitions:transmutationfissionfusion
_____8.Icanstatetwosynonymsforspontaneousdecay.
Twosynonymsforspontaneousdecayare:___________________________
and_________________________________._____9.Icanshowhowmassnumberandelectricalchargemustbeconservedinanynuclearreaction.
Completethefollowingnuclearequation:
________
_____10.Icanexplainwhatmakesanucleusstableorunstable.
Thestabilityofthenucleusisdependentonthe______________to
_________________ratio.
_____11.Icanexplainthedifferencebetweennaturaltransmutationandartificialtransmutation.
Thedifferencebetweennaturaltransmutationandartificialtransmutationis
thatinnaturaltransmutationan_______________________breaksaparton
itsownandinartificialtransmutationa________________________is
made________________byhittingitwithahighenergyparticle(suchasa
proton,neutron,orgammaradiation).
_____12.Icanidentifyanaturaldecayreactionfromalistofreactions.
Whichequationrepresentsanaturaldecay?
_____13.Icanidentifyanartificialtransmutationreactionfromalistofreactions.
Whichequationrepresentsartificialtransmutation?
_____14.Icanidentifyafissionreactionfromalistofreactions.
Whichequationrepresentsfission?
_____15.Icanidentifyafusionreactionfromalistofreactions.
Whichequationrepresentsfusion?
_____16.Icanstatetheconditionsoftemperatureandpressurethatareneededforafusionreactiontohappen.
Thetemperatureandpressureconditionsneededforfusiontohappenare:____________temperatureand_______________pressure
_____17.IcanexplainwhyallnuclearreactionsreleaseLOTSmoreenergythanchemicalreactionsdo.
NuclearreactionsreleaseLOTSmoreenergythanchemicalreactionsdobecause
_____18.Givenalistofreactions,Icandifferentiatea“nuclear”reactionfroma“chemical”reaction.
WhichofthefollowingequationsrepresentNUCLEARreactions?
_____19.Icandefinehalf-life.
Definition:half-life
_____20.Giventhelengthofthehalf-lifeandtheamountoftimethathaspassed,Icandeterminetheamountofradioactivesample.
BasedonReferenceTableN,whatfractionofaradioactivesampleofAu-198willremainunchangedafter10.78days?WhatwastheoriginalmassofaradioactivesampleofK-37ifthesampledecayedto25.0gafter4.92seconds?Thehalf-lifeofK-37is1.23seconds)
_____21.Giventhelengthofthehalf-lifeandtheamountofradioactivesample,Icandeterminetheamountoftimethathaspassed.
A100.0gsampleofCo-60decaysuntilonly12.5gofitremains.Giventhatthehalf-lifeofCo-60is5.271years,howlongdidthedecaytake?
_____22.Giventheamountoftimethathaspassedandtheamountofradioactivesample,Icandeterminethelengthofthehalf-life.
Whatisthehalf-lifeofaradioisotopeif25.0gofanoriginal200.0gsampleremainsunchangedafter11.46days?
_____23.UsingTableN,Icandeterminethelengthofhalf-lifeand/ordecaymodeforaspecificradioactiveisotope.
ComparedtoK-37,theisotopeK-42hasA)shorterhalf-lifeandthesamedecaymode
B)shorterhalf-lifeandadifferentdecaymode
C)longerhalf-lifeandthesamedecaymode
D)longerhalf-lifeandadifferentdecaymode
_____24.Icanstate5beneficialusesforradioactiveisotopes.
Fivebeneficialusesforradioactiveisotopesare:a.b.c.d.e.
_____25.Icanstatethescientificuseof4specificradioactiveisotopes.
C-14isusedfor_____________________________________________I-131isusedfor_____________________________________________U-238isusedfor____________________________________________Co-60isusedfor_____________________________________________
_____26.Icanstatethreerisksassociatedwithradioactivityandradioactiveisotopes.
Threerisksassociatedwithradioactivityandradioactiveisotopesare:a.b.c.
Unit6:PeriodicTableIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit6test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.Icanclassifyelementsasmetals,nonmetals,ormetalloidsbasedontheirplacementonthePeriodicTable.
Classifyeachofthefollowingelementsasmetals(M),nonmetals(NM),ormetalloids(MTLD).
_______B ________K ________Li ________C _______Ar
_______Sb ________H ________Fe ________Au _______S
_______F ________Si ________Fr ________He _______Rn
_______Ge ________Al ________As ________Bi _______I
_____7.Icanstatethegroupnamesforelementsingroups1,2,17,and18.
Group1iscalledthe____________________________________.Group2iscalledthe____________________________________.Group17iscalledthe____________________________________.Group18iscalledthe____________________________________.
_____8.Icanexplainwhyelementsinthesamegrouphavesimilarchemicalproperties.
Elementsinthesamegrouphavesimilarchemicalpropertiesbecause
_____9.IcanexplainwhytheelementsinGroup18don’tusuallyreactwithotherelements.
ElementsinGroup18don’tusuallyreactwithotherelementsbecause
_____10.Icanstatethemeaningof“STP”andtheReferenceTableonwhichitcanbefound.
STPstandsfor____________________________________________________.ThevaluescanbefoundonReferenceTable______________.
_____11.Icanstatethenames/symbolsforthetwoelementsonthePeriodicTablethatareliquidsatSTP.
ThetwoelementsthatareliquidsatSTPare:________________________and__________________
_____12.Icanstatethenames/symbolsofthe11elementsthataregasesatSTP.
The11elementsthataregasesatSTPare:_____________________________,_______________________________,_____________________________,_______________________________,_____________________________,_______________________________,_____________________________,_______________________________,_____________________________,_______________________________,and_____________________________
_____13.IcanstatehowtheelementsonthePeriodicTablearearranged.
TheelementsonthePeriodicTablearearrangedbyincreasing___________________________________.
_____14.Icanlistthe7diatomicelements.
Thesevendiatomicelementsare:
_____15.Icandefineelectronegativity,firstionizationenergy,atomicradius,ionicradius,metalliccharacter,andactivity/reactivity.
Definitions:electronegativityfirstionizationenergyatomicradiusionicradiusmetalliccharacteractivity/reactivity
_____16.Icanstatetheperiodictrendforelectronegativityandexplainwhyitoccurs.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,electronegativity______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.Asonereadsacrossaperiodfromlefttoright,electronegativity______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.
_____17.Icanstatetheperiodictrendforfirstionizationenergyandexplainwhyitoccurs.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,firstionizationenergy______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.Asonereadsacrossaperiodfromlefttoright,,firstionizationenergy______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.
_____18.Icanstatetheperiodictrendforatomicradiusandexplainwhyitoccurs.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,atomicradius______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.Asonereadsacrossaperiodfromlefttoright,atomicradius______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.
_____19.Icanstatetheperiodictrendformetalliccharacterandexplainwhyitoccurs.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,metalliccharacter______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.Asonereadsacrossaperiodfromlefttoright,metalliccharacter______________________because________________________________________________________________________________________________.
_____20.IcanstatethetrendformeltingpointsandboilingpointforMETALSasonereadsdownagroup.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,themeltingpointsandboilingpointsforMETALS______________________.
_____21.IcanstatethetrendformeltingpointsandboilingpointforNONMETALSasonereadsdownagroup.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,themeltingpointsandboilingpointsforNONMETALS______________________.
_____22.Icanstatethetrendforactivity/reactivityforMETALSasonereadsdownagroup.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,theactivity/reactivityofMETALS____________________.
_____23.Icanstatethetrendforactivity/reactivityforNONMETALSasonereadsdownagroup.
Asonereadsdownagroupfromtoptobottom,theactivity/reactivityofNONMETALS____________________.
_____24.Icanexplainhowlossorgainingofelectronsaffectstheradiusofanelement.
Metalstendtoloseelectrons(getoxidized).Thislossofelectronscausescationstobe__________________thantheoriginalatom.Nonmetalstendtogainelectrons(getreduced).Thisgainofelectronscausesanionstobe__________________thantheoriginalatom.
_____25.Icanlist10propertiesofmetals.
Tenpropertiesofmetalsare:a. b.
c. d.
e. f.
g. h.
i. j.
_____26.Icanlist8propertiesofnonmetals.
Eightpropertiesofnonmetalsare:a. b.
c. d.
e. f.
g. h.
Unit7:Acids&BasesIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit7test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit6.
_____7.Icanusetwodifferentsystemstodefineacidsandbases.
Arrhenius “AlternateMethod”(AKABronsted-Lowry)
acid
base
_____8.IcandefinepH,[],hydroniumion,hydroxideion,andelectrolyte.
Definitions:pH[]hydroniumionhydroxideionelectrolyte
_____9.Icanstateanothernameforthehydroniumion.
Thehydroniumionisalsoknownasthe______________________________.
_____10.Giventhehydroniumionconcentration,IcandeterminethepH.
Ifthe[H3O+]is1x10-8,thepHofthesolutionwillbe________.Ifthe[H3O+]is1x10-1,thepHofthesolutionwillbe________.Ifthe[H3O+]is1x10-14,thepHofthesolutionwillbe________.Ifthe[H3O+]is1x10-7,thepHofthesolutionwillbe________.
_____11.BasedonpH,Icandetermineifasolutionisacidic,basic,orneutral.
IfthepHofasolutionis4.5,thesolutionis____________________.IfthepHofasolutionis7.0,thesolutionis____________________.IfthepHofasolutionis11,thesolutionis____________________.IfthepHofasolutionis5.7,thesolutionis____________________.
_____13.IcanstatetherelationshipbetweenH+concentrationandpH.
AstheH+concentrationdecreases,thepH_______________________.AstheH+concentrationincreases,thepH_________________________.
_____14.IcandeterminethechangeinpHwhentheH+concentrationofasolutionischanged.
IftheH+concentrationisincreasedbyafactorof10,thepHwilldecreaseby____________.IftheH+concentrationisincreasedbyafactorof100,thepHwilldecreaseby______________.IftheH+concentrationisdecreasedbyafactorof1000,thepHwillincreaseby_______________.
_____15.Icangiveexamplesofthechemicalnamesofcommonacidsandbases.
Listthechemicalnamesofthreecommonacidsandthreecommonbases.Acids Bases
_____16.Icangiveexamplesofchemicalformulasofcommonacidsandbases.
Listthechemicalformulasofthreecommonacidsandthreecommonbases.Acids Bases
_____17.Icandefineneutralization.
Definition:neutralization
_____18.Icanidentifyaneutralizationreactionfromalistofreactions.
Whichofthefollowingequationsisaneutralizationreaction?A) 6Na + B2O3 -----> 3Na2O + 2 B
B) Mg(OH)2 + 2HBr -----> MgBr2 + 2HOH
C) 2H2 + O2 -----> 2H2O
D) 2KClO3 -----> 2KCl + 3O2
_____19.Icanstatethenameofthelaboratoryequipmentthatisusedtocarryoutatitration.
Whichpieceoflaboratoryequipmentisusedtocarryoutatitration?
_____20.Icanstatethepurposeoftitration.
Whydoscientistsdotitrations?
_____21.IcansolveforanyvariableinthetitrationequationfromReferenceTableT.
Ifitrequires56.95mLof0.0043MHNO3toneutralize34.56mLofLiOH,whatistheconcentrationoftheLiOH?
_____22.Icanstatethethreetypesofsubstancesthatareelectrolytes.
_______________,_________________,and_________________arethreeclassesofcompoundsthatareelectrolytes.
_____23.GiventhepH,Icandeterminethecolorofacid-baseindicators.
WhichindicatorisredinasolutionthathasapHof3.6?A)bromcresolgreenB)bromthymolblueC)litmusD)thymolblue
Unit8:Redox&ElectrochemistryIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit8test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit6.
_____7.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit7.
_____8.Icandefineoxidation,reduction,oxidationnumber,andredoxreaction
Definitions:oxidationreductionoxidationnumberredoxreaction
_____9.Icanassignoxidationnumberstoanyelement.
Assignoxidationnumbertoeachoftheelementsbelow.O2__________________Li_________________Si___________________
_____10.Icanassignoxidationnumberstotheelementsinacompound.
Assignoxidationnumberstoeachelementinthecompoundsbelow.MnCl3:Mn____________________Cl_______________________H2SO4:H___________________S________________O________________
_____11.Icanassignoxidationnumberstotheelementsinapolyatomicion.
Assignoxidationnumberstoeachelementinthepolyatomicionsbelow.PO43-:P_____________________O_________________________ClO3-:Cl_____________________O_________________________
_____12.Icandistinguishbetweenanoxidationhalf-reactionandareductionhalf-reaction.
Which half-reaction equation represents the reduction of a potassium ion? A) K+ + e- -----> K B) K + e- -----> K+ C) K+ -----> K + e- D) K -----> K+ + e-
_____13.IcanstatetheLawofConservationofCharge.
ThelawofConservationofChargestates
_____14.Icanbreakaredoxreactionintoitstwohalf-reactions.
Thetwohalf-reactionsthatcomefromthefollowingequationare:Li(s) + Ag+(aq) -----> Li+(aq) + Ag(s) oxidationhalf-reactionreductionhalf-reaction
_____15.Icanbalancearedoxreaction.
Given the reaction: _____Cl2(g) + _____Fe2+(aq) -----> _____Fe(s) + _____Cl-(aq) When the equation is correctly balanced using smallest whole numbers, the coefficient of Cl- will be A) 1 B) 2 C) 6 D) 7
_____16.Icanidentifyaredoxreactionfromalistofchemicalreactions.
_____17.Fromalistofgivenlistofelements,Icandeterminewhichelementismostactive.
Whichofthefollowingelementsismostlikelytoreact?A) Cu B) Al C) Li D) Mg
_____18.Icanstatethetwotypesofelectrochemicalcells.
Thetwotypesofelectrochemicalcellsare:__________________________and__________________________
_____19.Icancomparethetwotypesofelectrochemicalcellsintermsof:components,locationofoxidation,locationofreduction,directionofelectronflow,conversionbetweenelectricalandchemicalenergy,andspontaneityofreaction.
Voltaic Electrolytic
Components
Oxidationoccursatthe
Reductionoccursatthe
Electronsflowfrom
Energyconversionthatoccursinthiscell
Isthisreactionspontaneousordoesitrequireanoutsidepowersourcetohappen?
_____20.Icanstatethepurposeofthesaltbridgeinavoltaiccell.
Thepurposeofthesaltbridgeis
_____21.Givenanelectrochemicalcell,Icanpredictthedirectionofelectronflow.
_____22.Icanexplain,intermsofatomsandions,thechangesinmassthattakeplaceattheanodeandcathodeofanelectrochemicalcell.
Explain,intermsofatomsandions,whythemassofthecathodeincreasesduringtheoperationofanelectrochemicalcell.Explain,intermsofatomsandions,whythemassoftheanodedecreasesduringtheoperationofanelectrochemicalcell.
Unit10:ChemicalReactionsIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit10test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit6.
_____7.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit7.
_____8.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit8.
_____9.GiventheIUPACname,Icanwritethechemicalformulaforbinarycompounds.
Writethechemicalformulaforthefollowingcompounds:sodiumbromide__________________lithiumselenide___________________iron(III)fluoride________________vanadium(V)oxide__________________
_____10.Giventhechemicalformula,IcanwritetheIUPACnameforbinarycompounds.
WritetheIUPACnameforthefollowingcompounds:CrO__________________________________________MgI2_________________________________________
_____11.GiventheIUPACname,Icanwritethechemicalformulaforternarycompounds.
Writethechemicalformulaforthefollowingcompounds:calciumoxalate_________________________________nickel(II)thiosulfate_____________________________
_____12.Giventhechemicalformula,IcanwritetheIUPACnameforternarycompounds.
WritetheIUPACnameforthefollowingcompounds:Sn(C2H3O2)2___________________________________(NH4)3PO4________________________________________
_____13.Icanstatethethreetypesofchemicalformulas.
Thethreetypesofchemicalformulasare:________________________,____________________________,&______________________________
_____14.Icandefineempiricalformula,molecularformula,andhydrate.
Definitions:empiricalformulamolecularformulahydrate
_____15.Giventheempiricalformulaandthemolarmass,Icandeterminethemolecularformulaofacompound.
WhatisthemolecularformulaofacompoundthathastheempiricalformulaofCHandamolarmassof78g/mol.
_____16.Icanuseparticlediagramstoshowconservationofmassinachemicalequation.
Usingthesymbolsshownbelow,completetheequationbelowtoillustrateconservationofmass. 2Al + 3Br2 -----> 2AlBr3
_____17.Icanbalanceachemicalequationshowingconservationofmassusingthelowestwholenumbercoefficients.
Balancethefollowingchemicalequationusingthelowestwholenumbercoefficients._____Al2(SO4)3 + _____Ca(OH)2 -----> _____Al(OH)3 + _____CaSO4
_____18.Givenapartiallybalancedequation,Icanpredictthemissingreactantorproduct.
Usethelawofconservationofmasstopredictthemissingproduct.2NH4Cl + CaO -----> 2NH3 + ______________ + CaCl2
_____19.Givenalistofchemicalreactions,Icanclassifythemasbeingasynthesisreaction,decompositionreaction,singlereplacementreaction,ordoublereplacementreaction.
Classifythefollowingreactionsassynthesis,decomposition,singlereplacement,ordoublereplacement.
=Al
…..=Br
_____20.Givenabalancedequation,Icanstatethemoleratiosbetweenanyofthereactantsand/orproducts.
Giventhefollowingbalancedequation,statethemoleratiosbetweentherequestedsubstances.C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) -----> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) The mole ratio between C3H8 and O2 is _______C3H8:_______O2.
The mole ratio between C3H8 and CO2 is _______C3H8:_______CO2.
The mole ratio between C3H8 and H2O is _______C3H8:_______H2O.
The mole ratio between CO2 and O2 is _______CO2:_______O2.
The mole ratio between H2O and CO2 is _______H2O:_______CO2.
_____21.Icandefinestoichiometry.
Definition:stoichiometry
_____22.Giventhenumberofmolesofoneofthereactantsorproducts,Icandeterminethenumberofmolesofanotherreactantorproductthatisneededtocompletelyuseupthegivenreactant/product.
Usingtheequationfromquestion#20,determinehowmanymolesofO2areneededtocompletelyreactwith7.0molesofC3H8.Usingtheequationfromquestion#20,determinehowmanymolesofCO2areproducedwhen7.0molesofC3H8completelyreact.
_____23.Giventhemassorvolumeofoneofthereactantsorproducts,Icandeterminethemassorvolumeofanotherreactantorproductthatisneededtocompletelyuseupthegivenreactant/product.
Usingtheequationfromquestion#20,determinehowmanylitersofO2atSTPareneededtoreactcompletelywith88.0gofC3H8.Usingtheequationfromquestion#20,determinehowmanygramsofH2Oareproducedwhen88.0gofC3H8completelyreact.
Unit11:Bonding&IMFIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit11test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit6.
_____7.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit7.
_____8.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit8.
_____9.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit10.
_____10.Icanstatethethreetypesofchemicalbonds.
Thethreetypesofchemicalbondsare:___________________________,__________________________,and___________________________.
_____11.Icanstatethenumberofvalenceelectronsthatanatomattainstobemoststable.
Atomsaremoststablewhentheyhave__________valenceelectrons.
_____12.Icanstatethetwotypesofcompounds.
Thetwotypesofcompoundsare__________________________and_______________________________.
_____13.Icandefineionicbond,covalentbond,andmetallicbondintermsofthetypesofelements(metals,nonmetals)fromwhichtheyareformed.
Definition:ionicbondcovalentbondmetallicbond
_____14.Icandefineionicandcovalentbondsbasedonwhathappenstothevalenceelectrons.
Definition:Inanionicbond,thevalenceelectronsofthe____________________are_________________________tothe_______________sothateachatomattainsastableoctet(likenoblegases).Inacovalentbond,thevalenceelectronsofthetwo_____________________are_______________________sothateachatomattainsastableoctet(likenoblegases).
_____15.IcanexplainTICSasitrelatestochemicalbonding.
TICSstandsfor___________________________________________________.Ithelpsmerememberwhathappenstotheelectronsineachtypeofbond.
_____16.Intermsofvalenceelectrons,Icanfindsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthebondinginseveralsubstances.
Explain,intermsofvalenceelectrons,whythebondinginmethane(CH4)issimilartothebondinginwater(H2O).Explain,intermsofvalenceelectrons,whythebondinginHClisdifferentthanthatbondinginNaCl.
_____17.IcandrawaLewisdotdiagramtorepresentanioniccompound.
DrawLewisdotdiagramsforthefollowingioniccompounds.LiBr CaCl2
_____18.IcandrawaLewisdotdiagramtorepresentamolecular(covalentlybonded)compound.
DrawLewisdotdiagramsforthefollowingmolecularsubstances.H2O CO2 I2 CH4
_____19.Icanstatethenumberofelectronsthataresharedinsingleandmultiplecovalentbonds.
Inasinglecovalentbond,___________electronsareshared.Inadoublecovalentbond,___________electronsareshared.Inatriplecovalentbond,___________electronsareshared.
_____20.IcanexplainwhytheLewisdotdiagramsofioniccompoundshavebracketsandtheLewisdotdiagramsofmolecularcompoundsdonot.
Lewisdotdiagramsforioniccompoundshavebracketsbecause_____________________________________________________.LewisdotdiagramsformolecularcompoundsdoNOThavebracketsbecause______________________________________________________.
_____21.Icanstatethetypeofbondingthatoccursinthepolyatomicions(ReferenceTableE)andexplainwhytheyhavethattypeofbonding.
Polyatomicionshave______________________bondingbecause_________________________________________________________.
_____22.Giventhechemicalformulaforacompound,Icandeterminethetype(s)ofbondinginthecompound.
Statethetype(s)ofbondinginthefollowingcompounds:NaCl____________________CO__________________Hg____________________Na3PO4______________&__________________
_____23.IcanexplainandapplythemeaningofBARFasisappliestochemicalbonding.
BARFstandsfor__________________________________________________
ThismeansthatwhenabondisFORMED,energyis___________________
andwhenabondisBROKEN,energyis_________________________.
Giventhebalancedequation:N + N -----> N2 Whichstatementdescribestheprocessrepresentedbythisequation?A)Abondisformedasenergyisabsorbed.B)Abondisformedasenergyisreleased.C)Abondisbrokenasenergyisabsorbed.D)Abondisbrokenasenergyisreleased.
_____24.Icanexplainthedifferencebetweenapolarcovalentbondandanonpolarcovalentbondintermsofthetypesofnonmetalsinvolved.
Polarcovalentbondsareformedwhen________________________________nonmetalsshareelectronsunevenly.Nonpolarcovalentbondsformwhen__________________________________nonmetalsshareelectronsevenly.
_____25.Icanexplainhowtodeterminethedegreeofpolarityofacovalentbond.
Thedegreeofpolarityofacovalentbondisdeterminedbythe_______________________________________________________betweentheelements..
_____26.Icanexplainwhyonecovalentbondismoreorlesspolarthananothercovalentbond,basedonelectronegativitydifference.
Explain,intermsofelectronegativitydifference,whythebondbetweencarbonandoxygeninacarbondioxidemoleculeislesspolarthanthebondbetweenhydrogenandoxygeninawatermolecule.
_____27.Icandefinesymmetricalandasymmetrical.
Definition:symmetricalasymmetrical
_____28.Icanstate,inorder,thethreequestionsthatareaskedtodetermineifaMOLECULEispolarornonpolar.
WhendeterminingifaMOLECULEispolarornon-polar,thefirstquestiontoaskis____________________________________________________________WhendeterminingifaMOLECULEispolarornon-polar,thesecondquestiontoaskis____________________________________________________________WhendeterminingifaMOLECULEispolarornon-polar,thethirdquestiontoaskis____________________________________________________________
_____29.IcanexplainandapplythemeaningofSNAPasitappliestodeterminingmoleculepolarity.
SNAPmeans______________________________________________________WhyisamoleculeofCH4nonpolareventhoughthebondsbetweenthecarbonandhydrogenarepolar?A)TheshapeoftheCH4moleculeissymmetrical.B)TheshapeoftheCH4moleculeisasymmetrical.C)TheCH4moleculehasanexcessofelectrons.D)TheCH4moleculehasadeficiencyofelectrons.Explain,intermsofchargedistribution,whyamoleculeofwater(H2O)ispolar.
_____30.Icandetermineifamolecularispolarornonpolar.
Determinewhichmoleculesarepolarandwhicharenonpolar.Justifyyouranswer.H2O CO2 I2 CH4
_____31.Icanexplainandapplytheexpression“likedissolveslike”andgiveanexample.
“Likedissolveslike”meansAnexampleof“likedissolvinglike”is__________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain,intermsofmolecularpolarity,whyammoniaismoresolublethanmethaneinwaterat20oCatstandardpressure.
_____32.Icandefineintramolecularforcesandintermolecularforcesandgiveexamplesofeach.
Definition:IntramolecularforcesExamples:IntermolecularforcesExamples:
_____33.IcanlisttheintramolecularforcesfromSTRONGESTtoWEAKEST.
Strongest________________bonds>_____________________bondsWeakest
_____34.IcanlisttheintermolecularforcesfromSTRONGESTtoWEAKEST.
Strongest_________________________>_____________________________>______________________________________________Weakest
_____35.Icanstate8physicalpropertiesofsubstancesthataredependentonthetypeofbondinginthesubstanceandthestrengthoftheIMF.
EightphysicalpropertiesthataredependentonthetypeofbondingandthestrengthoftheIMFare:1.______________________________2._____________________________3.______________________________4._____________________________5.______________________________6._____________________________7.______________________________8._____________________________
_____36.IcanstatetherelationshipbetweenpolarityandIMFstrength.
Asthepolarityofthemolecule___________________________,thestrengthoftheIMF______________________________.
_____37.IcanstatetherelationshipbetweensizeofthemoleculeandIMFstrength.
Asthesizeofthemolecule___________________________,thestrengthoftheIMF______________________________.
_____38.Giventhephysicalstateofsomesubstances,IcancomparetherelativestrengthoftheIMF.
AtSTP,iodine(I2)isacrystalandfluorine(F2)isagas.ComparethestrengthoftheIMFinasampleofI2atSTPtothestrengthoftheIMFinasampleofF2atSTP.
_____39.Giventheboilingpoints(orfreezingpoints)ofsomesubstances,IcancomparetherelativestrengthoftheIMF.
AtSTP,CF4boilsat-127.8oCandNH3boilsat-33.3oC.WhichsubstancehasstrongerIMF?Justifyyouranswer.
_____40.Icanexplainandapplythemeaningof“HydrogenbondingisFON”.
“HydrogenbondingisFON”means____________________________________________________________________________________________________Whichcompoundhashydrogenbondingbetweenitsmolecules?A)CH4B)CaH2C)KNO3D)H2O
_____41.Icandefinenormalboilingpoint,vaporpressure,volatile,andnonvolatile.
Definition:normalboilingpointvaporpressurevolatilenonvolatile
_____42.Icandeterminethevaporpressureofethanol,ethanoicacid,propane,orwateratagiventemperature.
Whatisthevaporpressureofethanolat56oC?
_____43.IcanstatetherelationshipbetweenthestrengthofIMFandvaporpressure.
AsthestrengthofIMF____________________________,vaporpressure__________________________.
_____44.Icanexplainthehowaddinganonvolatilesolutetoapuresolventaffectsthefreezingpointofthesolvent.
Whenanonvolatilesoluteisaddedtoasolvent,thefreezingpointofthesolvent__________________________becausethesolute________________________________________________________________________________Themoresolutethatisadded,the_________________thefeeezingpointgets.
____45.Icanexplainthehowaddinganonvolatilesolutetoapuresolventaffectstheboilingpointofthesolvent.
Whenanonvolatilesoluteisaddedtoasolvent,theboilingpointofthesolvent__________________________becausethesolute________________________________________________________________________________Themoresolutethatisadded,the_________________theboilingpointgets.
_____46.Icanstate5physicalpropertiesofionicsubstances.
Fivephysicalpropertiesofionicsubstancesare:1.______________________________________________2.______________________________________________3.______________________________________________4.______________________________________________5.______________________________________________
_____47.Icanidentifyasubstanceas“ionic”basedonitsproperties.
Asolidsubstancewastestedinthelaboratory.Theresultsareshownbelow.*dissolvesinwater*isanelectrolyte*hasahighmeltingpointBasedontheseresults,thesolidsubstancecouldbeA) Hg B) AuCl C) CH4 D) C12H22O11 Basedonbondtype,whichcompoundhasthehighestmeltingpoint?A) CH4 B) C12H22O11 C)NaCl D) C5H12
_____48.Icanstate5physicalpropertiesofmolecularsubstances.
Fivephysicalpropertiesofmolecularsubstancesare:1.______________________________________________2.______________________________________________3.______________________________________________4.______________________________________________5.______________________________________________
_____49.Icanidentifyasubstanceas“molecular”basedonitsproperties.
Unit12:ReactionRates&EquilibriumIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit12test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit6.
_____7.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit7.
_____8.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit8.
_____9.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit10.
_____10.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit11.
_____11.Icandefineeffectivecollisionandcollisiontheory
Definition:effectivecollisioncollisiontheory
_____12.Icanstateandapplytherelationshipbetweentemperatureandreactionrateintermsofcollisiontheory.
Asthetemperature________________________,thereactionrateformostchemicalreactions_________________________becausethereare_______effectivecollisionsbetweenparticles.Giventhereaction:2Mg(s)+O2(g)----->2MgO(s)Atwhichtemperaturewouldthereactionoccuratthegreatestrate?A)0oCB)15oCC)95oCD)273K
_____13.Icanstateandapplytherelationshipbetweensurfaceareaandreactionrateintermsofcollisiontheory.
Asthesurfacearea________________________,thereactionrate______________________________becausethereare____________effectivecollisionsbetweenparticles.AtSTP,which4.0gsampleofZn(s)willreactmostquicklywithdilutehydrochloricacid?A)lumpB)barC)powderedD)sheetmetal
_____14.Icanstateandapplytherelationshipbetweenconcentrationandreactionrateintermsofcollisiontheory.
Astheconcentration____________________,thereactionrate______________________________becausethereare_________effectivecollisionsbetweenparticles.At20oC,areactionbetweenpowderedZn(s)andhydrochloricacidwilloccurmostquicklyiftheconcentrationoftheHClisA)1.0MB)1.5MC)2.5MD)2.8M
_____15.Icanstatetheunitusedtomeasureenergy.
Energyismeasuredin____________________.
_____16.Basedonthelocationoftheenergyterm,Icandetermineifthereactionisexothermicorendothermic.
Giventhefollowingbalancedequation:I + I -----> I2 + 146.3 kJ Isthisreactionexothermicorendothermic?Justifyyouranswer.
_____17.IcanuseTableItodetermineifareactionisexothermicorendothermic.
_____19.Icandefinepotentialenergydiagram,reactioncoordinate,PEreactant,PEproduct,heatofreaction(DH),activationenergy,catalyst.
Definitions:potentialenergydiagramreactioncoordinatePEreactantPEproductheatofreaction(DH)activationenergycatalystentropy
_____20.Givenapotentialenergydiagram,Icandetermineifthereactionisexothermicorendothermic.
Givethepotentialenergydiagrambelow,determineifthereactionisexothermicorendothermic.Justifyyouranswer.
_____21.Givenapotentialenergydiagram,IcandeterminethePEreactant,PEproduct,DH,andactivationenergy.
Giventhepotentialenergydiagrambelow,determinethePEreactant,PEproduct,DH,andtheactivationenergy.
PEreactant=PEproduct=DH=activationenergy=
_____22.Givenapotentialenergydiagramforanuncatalyzedreactiondiagram,Icanhowthediagramwillchangewhenacatalystisbeenadded.
Drawadottedlineonthepotentialenergydiagramshownbelowtoindicatehowitwillchangeifacatalystisadded.
_____23.Icanrankthethreephasesofmatterfromleastentropytomostentropy.
LeastentropyMostentropy______________________<______________________<__________________
_____24.Icanstatethetrendsinnatureforentropyandenergy.
Innaturemostsystemsinnaturetendtoundergoreactionsthathavea(n)_______________________inentropyanda(n)_________________________inenergy.AsMrs.Ssays,natureislikeateenager----lazyandmessy!
_____25.Givenabalancedequation,Icandetermineifthereactionresultsinanoverallincreaseordecreaseinentropy.
_____26.Icandefineforwardreaction,reversereaction,reversiblereaction,andclosedsystem
Definitions:forwardreactionreversereactionreversiblereactionclosedsystem
_____27.Icanstatethethreetypesofequilibrium.
Thethreetypesofequilibriumare:_______________________________equilibrium_______________________________equilibriumand_______________________________equilibrium
_____28.Icanstatetwoconditionsthatapplytoallsystemsatequilibrium.
Inasystematequilibriumthe____________________oftheforwardand
reversereactionmustbe______________________andthe
________________________________ofthereactantsandproductsmustbe
_____________________.
_____29.Givenalistofreactions,Icanidentifyreactionsthatshowequilibrium(chemical,phase,orsolution).
Whichbalancedequationrepresentsphaseequilibrium?A) H2(g) + I2(s) <-----> 2HI(g)
B) I2(s) <-----> I2(g)
C) KCl(s) <-----> KCl(aq)
D) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2KClO3
Whichbalancedequationrepresentssolutionequilibrium?
A) H2(g) + I2(s) <-----> 2HI(g)
B) I2(s) <-----> I2(g)
C) KCl(s) <-----> KCl(aq)
D) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2KClO3
Whichbalancedequationrepresentschemicalequilibrium?
A) H2(g) + I2(s) <-----> 2HI(g)
B) I2(s) <-----> I2(g)
C) KCl(s) <-----> KCl(aq)
D) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2KClO3
_____30.Intermsofsaturation,Icandescribeasolutionthatisatequilibrium.
Intermsofsaturation,asolutionthatisatequilibriummustbe____________________________.
_____31.IcanstateLeChatelier’sPrinciple.
LeChatelier’sPrinciplestates
_____32.Givenabalancedequationatequilibrium,Icanpredictthedirectionofshiftintheequilibriumwhenthetemperature,concentration,orpressureischangedorifacatalystisadded.
Giventhereactionatequilibrium:2SO2(g) + O2(g) <-----> 2SO3(g) + 392kJ Predictthedirectionofshiftintheequilibrium(right,left,noshift)whenthefollowingchangesaremadetothesystem.
Change DirectionofShiftIncreaseconcentrationofSO2
IncreaseconcentrationofSO3
Increasetemperature
Increasepressure
Addacatalyst
H2O
H2O
H2O
Unit13:OrganicChemistryIfyoucandoallthethingslistedbelow,youarereadyfortheUnit13test.
Placeacheckmarknexttoeachitemthatyoucando!Ifasampleproblemisgiven,completeitasevidence.
_____1.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit1.
_____2.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit2.
_____3.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit3.
_____4.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit4.
_____5.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit5.
_____6.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit6.
_____7.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit7.
_____8.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit8.
_____9.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit10.
_____10.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit11.
_____11.IcanstilldoeverythingfromUnit12.
_____12.Icandefineorganiccompound,saturatedhydrocarbon,unsaturatedhydrocarbon,andisomer.
Definitions:organiccompoundsaturatedhydrocarbonunsaturatedhydrocarbonisomer
_____13.Icanexpandacondensedstructuralformulatoshowthestructuralformulaofanorganiccompound.
DrawthecompletestructuralformulaforCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.DrawthecompletestructuralformulaforCH3CHCHCH3.
_____14.Icanstatethenameandsymboloftheelementthatiscapableofformingrings,chains,andnetworks.
Theelementthatiscapableofformingrings,chains,andnetworksis______________________.Itssymbolis_______________.
_____15.IcanexplainthemeaningofandapplyHONC1234.
HONC1234tellsmethat
_____16.Giventheformula,Icandetermineifacompoundisahydrocarbonornot.
_____17.Giventhename,IcanuseReferenceTablePtodeterminehowmanycarbonsatomsareinacompound.
Determinehowmanycarbonatomsareineachofthefollowingcompounds:decane________________________ethene___________________________3-nonene______________________1-pentyne__________________________
_____18.Giventhename,IcanuseReferenceTableQtodeterminetowhichclassofhydrocarbonsacompoundbelongs.
Determinethehomologousseriesofhydrocarbonstowhicheachofthefollowingbelongs:decane________________________2-decene__________________________3-nonene______________________1-pentyne__________________________
_____19.Giventhename,Icandetermineifthehydrocarbonissaturatedorunsaturated.
Determineifeachofthefollowingisasaturatedorunsaturatedhydrocarbon.decane________________________ethene___________________________3-nonene______________________1-pentyne__________________________
_____20.Giventheformula,Icandeterminetowhichhomologousseriesahydrocarbonbelongs.
Determinethehomologousseriesofhydrocarbonstowhicheachofthefollowingbelongs:
belongstothe_______________________series.
belongstothe________________________series.
belongstothe________________________series.
_____21.Giventheformula,Icandetermineifahydrocarbonissaturatedorunsaturated.
Determineifeachofthefollowingisasaturatedorunsaturatedhydrocarbon.CH3CH2CH2CH3__________________________CH3CHCHCH3_____________________________
_____22.Giventhename,IcanuseReferenceTableQtodeterminehowmanyhydrogenatomsthehydrocarboncontains.
Determinethenumberofhydrogenatomsineachofthefollowing.decane________________________1-butene__________________________3-nonene______________________1-pentyne__________________________
_____23.Givenalistofcompounds,Icandeterminewhichonesareisomers.
_____24.Givenastructuralformula,IcanuseReferenceTableRtoidentifytowhichclassoforganiccompoundsasubstancebelongs.
_____25.IcanuseReferenceTablesP&QandIUPACnomenclaturetonamesimplehydrocarbons.
Namethefollowinghydrocarbons.
_____26.IcanuseReferenceTablesP&RandIUPACnomenclaturetonamesimplecompoundsinanyoftheclassesoforganiccompounds.
Namethefollowingorganiccompounds.
_____27.IcanuseF-SCAPEStolistanddescribethe7typesoforganicreactions.
Fstandsfor_______________________________.Thistypeoforganicreactionresultsfromareactionof_____________________toform_________________________________and________________________.Ittypicallyrequiresacatalyst,intheformofanenzymetooccur.
Sstandsfor_______________________________.Thistypeoforganicreactionhappenswhen_____________________________hydrocarbonsreplaceoneofthe_____________________forsomeotherelement(oftenahalide).
Cstandsfor_______________________________.Inthistypeoforganicreactiona____________________________________reactswith___________________toform___________________________and_______________________.Itisanexothermicreaction.
Astandsfor____________________________.Inthistypeoforganicreactionan_______________________________________becomesa__________________________________________whenthedoublebondbreaksandtwoatomsofanotherelement(oftenahalide)areadded.
_____27.IcanuseF-SCAPEStolistanddescribethe7typesoforganicreactions.(continued)
Pstandsfor__________________________________.Inthistypeoforganicreactionmany__________________arelinkedtogethertoforma__________________________.Ageneralizedformofthisreactionlookslikethis…..
Estandsfor_________________________________.Inthistypeoforganicreactionan______________________reactswitha________________________________toforman___________________and___________________________.Theproductsofthisreactionaretypicallyfragrant.
Sstandsfor__________________________________.Inthistypeoforganicreactiona____________reactswitha____________________toform______________________.Youcanreally“cleanup”ifyourememberthisorganicreaction.
_____28.Givenanequation,Icanidentifythetypeoforganicreactionthatisoccurring.