UNIT 3 NEW EMPIRES IN

AMERICA1

I. Europeans set sail A. Vikings (Norse) reach N. America

1. Leif Eriksson was 1st European to visit N. America, 1000 A.D. –Vinland 2. Thorfinn and Gudrid Karlsefni tried to colonize Vinland, had baby Snorri 3. Colony abandoned due to attacks by “skraelings”

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4. Stories told in the Vinland Sagas, proved by

archaeologists in19605. Not given credit for “discovering”

America• Did not change

culture/technology of the Natives• Abandoned colony

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B. Marco Polo opened overland trade route to

Asia in 13th century and wrote a book

1. Gave Italy a monopoly 2. Inspired others to seek riches of

Asia

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C. Portuguese Explorations late 1400s 1. Prince Henry the Navigator set up

a school of navigation-

caravel

astrolabe

Better maps of African coast

2. Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488

3. Vasco da Gama opened an all sea trade route to India in 14976

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11. Voyages to America by Spain A. Columbus had a new idea to sail

WEST to get to the east in1492

1. Thought earth was 2/3 smaller than it is

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2. Made a total of 4 trips, never realized he was not near Asia

B. Europe’s reaction

1. Queen Isabella of Spain wanted to convert (change religious beliefs) all the Native Americans

2. Race between Spain and Portugal

to claim and colonize new land

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3. Pope solved argument with Line of Demarcation (Spain= west, Portugal = east)

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C. More Spanish follow Columbus’ voyage

1. Amerigo Vespucci- realized Columbus had found new continents

2. Balboa (1513) was first to see the Pacific Ocean

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D. Magellan’s crew circumnavigated (1519-1522)

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E. Columbian Exchange changed trade patterns

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III. Spain Builds an EmpireA. Conquistadores

1. Cortes (1519) conquered Aztecs, only

300 Spanish men took over millions -

led by Moctezuma in Tenochtitlán

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2. Pizarro (1531) conquered Atahualpa, ruler of Incas 3. How did a few hundred Spanish conquer millions in Aztec and Inca empires?

• Better weapons, technology

• Horses• Diseases

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B. New Spain1. Council of the Indies - ruled New Spain as an extension of Spain’s monarchy (king) with encomienda system2. Spanish settlements

a. Pueblos – villages b. Missions - religious, social centers run by priests c. Presidios - forts

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C. Spanish explored the borderlands 1. Ponce de Leon (1508) named

Florida while searching for Fountain of Youth

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2. De Soto (1539) explored Mississippi River (buried there)

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3. Da Vaca and Estevanico (Sp)

wandered southwest, heard tales of

cities of gold

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4. Coronado and Estevanico (Sp) a. Searched for 7 Cities of Cibola:

(cities of gold) b. Found Grand Canyon

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D. Spanish Impact on Native Americans

1. Forced to do hard labor

2. Died of European diseases

3. Converted to Catholic religion, de Las Casas

wrote letters to plead for better treatment

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IV. Race for Empires A. Protestant Reformation: efforts to

“reform” Catholic church led to new

“Protestant” religions and conflict in Europe

1. Lutherans 2. French Heugenots

3. Henry VIII’s Anglicans

(Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived)

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B. Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 opened the way for England and France to

explore

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C. Search for Northwest Passage (water route through N. Am. To Asia)

1. Cabot (1497) claimed N. America for England

2. Verrazano (1524) and Cartier (1534) claimed N. America for France 3. Hudson (1609)

claimed N. America for Netherlands

(Dutch), (also explored for England)

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D. Europeans colonize America

1. English receive charter, lost colony of Roanoke (1587)

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2. French: furs, fishing, explorers, missionaries:

blended culture with Natives• Champlain “Father of New France” Quebec

• Marquette and Jolliet - explored Mississippi

• Lasalle – named Louisianna

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3. Netherlands:• Hudson found River, Straight, Bay (abandoned in Hudson Bay)

• Minuit bought Manhattan for $24 (also set up colony for Sweden)

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V. Beginnings of Slavery in AmericaA. African slaves, unlike Native Americans were immune to European diseasesB. Slave trade existed in Africa for centuries, captives brought from interior to coastC. Middle Passage horrible journey across Atlantic

(1 out of 6 died on the way)

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D. African Americans spread blending of African and Christian culture throughout Am., under slave codes that treated them as property

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1492- Columbus sailed the ocean blue

1497- Cabot claimed N. Am. For England

1501- Amerigo Vespucci named America

1522- Magellan circumnavigated

1524- Verrazano claimed N. Am. For France

1609- Hudson lost in Bay

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Explorers Foldable1. On the next blank page of

your notebook, fold the page in half, toward the spiral

2. At the top of the outside flap, write “Explorers”.

Write the six explorers from the right -skip 3 lines between each.

3. Start a new page and write the next six explorers across from the first six.

Diaz

Columbus

Cabot

Da Gama

Balboa

Magellan

Ponce de Leon

De Soto

Coronado

Verrazano

Cartier

Hudson

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Explorers Foldable

4. Open the flaps. At the very top, set up 2 headings to the left of the fold:

Country Searched Forand 2 headings to the right of the fold: Found Importance

5. Write the same headings at the top of second page of explorers you wrote down.

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Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Diaz Portugal Water route Cape of Possible 1487 to Asia Good Hope water route

Columbus Spain Western route America Spanish 1492 to Asia colonize Am.

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Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Cabot England NW water North Am. English 1497 route to Asia colonize

America Da Gama Portugal Water route Water route made Portugal 1497 to Asia to Asia wealthy

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Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Balboa Spain Route to Asia Pacific Ocean claimed Pacific 1513 for Spain

Magellan Spain Route to Asia Water route 1st to 1519 around the circumnavigate

world

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Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Ponce de Spain Fountain of Florida Spanish Leon Youth colonize 1 1513

N. America

De Soto Spain 7 cities of gold Mississippi spread 1540 “Cibola” River Spanish

claim in N. Am.

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Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Coronado Spain 7 cities of gold Grand spread 1540 “Cibola” Canyon Spanish

claim in N. Am

Verrazano France Route through N. Am. French 1524 N. Am. to Asia colonize Am.

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Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Cartier France NW passage Gulf of St. French 1534 to Asia Lawrence colonize along

St. Lawrence

Hudson England NW passage River, Strait English 1610 to Asia & Bay colonize Am.