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is not a very intelligent device

handles instructions flawlessly and fast

must follow explicit directions from both the user andcomputer programmer

nothing more than a very powerful calculator withsome great accessories

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Hardware

– the tangible components

- what sits on your desk and executes the software

instructions Software

- collection of programs (instructions) that allowhardware to do its job

- series of very simple computer instructions carefullyorganized to complete complex tasks

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Input Devices – “How to tell it what to do”

Output Devices – “How it shows you what it is doing”

Central Processing Unit – “The brain of the computer”

Storage Device – “How it saves data and programs”

Memory – “How the processor stores and usesimmediate data

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Modems

Optical Disc Drives

Printers

Scanners

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System Software

- Operating System

- System Support Software

- System Development

 Application Software

- General Purpose Software

- Application Specific Software

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is an interface between hardware and user

responsible for the management and coordination of

activities and the sharing of the resources of thecomputer

acts as a host for computing applications that are run

on the machine

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Goals of the operating system:

- convenience for the user

- efficient use of the computer system

Functions of an operating system:

- resource allocator

- control program

- a suitable computing environment

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1969 - 64 bits (8 bytes) static RAM by Intel (3101)

- Intel’s first product

1971 - 0.7 MHz, 4-bit, comprising 2300 transistors by

Intel (4004)- world’s first microprocessor series

1972 - 0.5MHz (C8008) or 0.8MHz (8008-1),comprising 3500 transistors by Intel (8008)

- the first 8 bit CPU

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1975 - 2MHz (8080, 8080A) or faster (8080A-1, etc) byIntel

- enhanced 8 bit processor

1975 – MITS Altair 8800 microcomputer- spark that led to the personal computer

revolution in the next years

- included open architecture slots for accessories

and peripherals- $439 (kit) & $621 (assembled)

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1975 – IBM 5100 portable computer (desktopcomputer) with 16 bit processor (25 kg)

- CRT, tape drive, processor, several hundred kB ofROM, up to 64 kB of RAM

1976 – Apple I by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs

- had 30 chips (add case, power supply, keyboardand display)

- $666.66

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1977 – Apple II

- first highly successful mass producedmicrocomputer product

- MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor at 1MHz,4 kB RAM, audio cassette interface, 24x40monochrome display 

- $1298 (4kB RAM) & $2638 (48 kB RAM)

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1981 – IBM 5150 – IBM Personal Computer

- Intel 8088 4.77MHz processor

- $1565 (no floppy drive or video monitor) – audio

tape cassette player and television set- $3000 – 64kB, single diskette drive and own

display 

- $4500 – color graphics, 2 diskette drives and

printer- expansion slots (ISA – video card, floppy drive,

RS-232), modem card

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1984 – Lisa 2 by Apple

- dropped the “Twiggy” floppy drives in favor of asingle Sony 400k microfloppy drive

- 512kB RAM- between $3495 - $5495