Anatomy

• Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each side of the spinal column, removal of waste from the blood.

• Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine producing .

• Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron

• Renal pelvis = funnel shaped reservoir & passes it to the urter.

• Hilum = indentation in kidney, ureter leaves.

• Ureters = tubes, carry urine to the bladder.

Anatomy

• Urinary bladder = hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine.

• Urethra = tube, from bladder to the outside of the body, longer

in the male.

• Urinary meatus = opening through which the urine passes to

the outside.

• Urine = pale yellow liquid waste product, 95% water and 5%

nitrogenous waste.

Combining Forms

• Blast/o = developing cell.• Glyc/o = sugar.• Hydr/o = water.• Lith/o = stone, calculus.• Noct/i = night.• Olig/o = scanty, few.• Son/o = sound.• Tom/o = cut, section.• Urin/o = urine• . Ven/o = vein.

Suffixes

• -iasis esis = condition• -lysis = loosening, dissolution, separating• -megaly = enlargement• -orrhaphy = suturing, repairing• -ptosis = drooping, sagging, prolapse• -tripsy = surgical crushing• -uria = urine, urination• -trophy = nourishment, development

Disease & Disorder

• Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder.• Cystocele = protrusion of the bladder.• Cystolith = stone in the bladder.• Hydronephrosis = abnormal condition of water in the kidney,

from an obstruction.• Nephroblastoma = kidney tumor, developing cell, (Wilms’

tumor).• Nephrolithiasis = stones in the kidney.• Nephroma = tumor of the kidney. • Nephromegaly = enlargement of the kidney.

Disease & Disorder

• Nephroptosis = drooping kidney.• Pyelitis = inflammation of the renal pelvis.• Uremia = urine in the blood, toxic condition.• Ureterocele = protrusion of a ureter.• Ureterostenosis = narrowing of the ureter.• Urethrocystitis = inflammation of the urethra and the

bladder. • Polycystic kidney = kidney contains many cysts and is

enlarged.• Renal calculi = stones in the kidney.

Disease & Disorder

• Renal hypertension = elevated blood pressure, resulting from kidney disease.

• Urinary retention = accumulation of urine in the bladder. Inability to urinate.

• Urinary suppression = sudden stoppage of urine formation.• Urinary tract infection (UTI) = infection of one or more of

the urinary tract.

Surgical Terms

• Cystectomy = excision of the bladder.• Cystolithotomy = incision of the bladder to remove a

stone.• Cystoplasty = surgical repair of the bladder.• Cystostomy = creating an artificial opening into the

bladder.• Lithotripsy = surgical crushing of a stone.• Nephrectomy = excision of a kidney.

Surgical Terms

• Pyelolithotomy = incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.

• Ureterectomy = excision of a ureter.• Urethroplasty = surgical repair of the urethra.• Urethrotomy = incision in the urethra.• Fulguration = destruction of living tissue with an electric

spark, to remove growths. • Renal transplant = implantation of a donor kidney. • Lithotrite = instrument used to crush a stone.

Procedural Terms• KUB = an x-ray of the abdomen, kindey, ureter & bladder. • BUN = measure the amount of urea in the blood. Determines

kidney function. Increase indicates renal dysfunction. • Specific gravity = test on urine specimen to measure the

concentration or diluting ability of the kidneys. • Urinalysis (UA) = multiple routine test done on a urine

specimen.

Word building

• Dysuria Painful urination

• Nocturnal enuresis Bed wetting during sleep

• Nocturia Urination at night, not bed wetting

• Oliguria Scanty (small) production of urine

• Polyuria Condition of excessive urination

• Urinepyuria high pus cells in urine

• Nocturia Frequently getting up and urinating during the night.

Complementary Terms

• Albuminuria = albumin in the urine, indicates kidney problems.

• Glycosuria - sugar (glucose) in the urine.

• Enuresis Involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to "bedwetting.”

• Anuria Complete stop of urine flow

Complementary Terms

• Pyuria = pus in the urine. • Urologist = physician who specializes in the diagnosis and

treatment of the urinary system. • Urology = study of the urinary system. The

reproductive system of the male. • Catheter = flexible, tube-like device for withdrawing or

instilling fluids. • Distended = stretched out.• Diuretic = agent that increases the amount of urine.

Complementary Terms

• Hemodialysis = procedure of removing impurities from the blood, because kidney can’t.

• Incontinence = inability to control the bladder and/or bowels.

• Micturate = to urinate of void. • Stricture = abnormal narrowing, urethral stricture. • Void = to empty or evacuate waste material.

Abbreviations

• BUN = blood urea nitrogen• cath = catheterization• HD = hemodialysis • KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder• SG = specific gravity• UA = urinalysis• UTI = urinary tract infection