URJA HI WAYPOWERLINKS

A Newsletter of Powerlinks Transmission Ltd. Issue XVII July-September 2009

Season's

GreetingsSeason's

Greetings

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Warm Welcome to our Director

Mr. R T Agarwal has been appointed non-executive Director of our company effective 24th July, 2009. He is a qualified chartered accountant with a rich experience in almost all

areas of finance & accounts, & currently Executive Director (Finance) of Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd. We warmly welcome him onto our Board!

Mr. R.T. Agarwal

Bidding Farewell to our Directors

Mr. S Majumdar joined the Powerlinks Board on 18th July, 2008, and after serving the company for a year, has stepped down in August, 2009.

Powerlinks places on record the valuable contribution made by him during his tenure.

Mr. J Sridharan joined the Powerlinks Board in May 2005. He also served as a member of the Audit Committee.

After serving the company for more than four years he has stepped down in July 2009. Powerlinks places on record the valuable contributions made by him during his tenure.

Mr. J Sridharan

Mr. S Majumdar

URJA HI WAYPOWERLINKS

From the ED & CEO's Desk:

Mr. Suresh Sachdev

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Dear Friends,

First of all, let me congratulate all our employees for achieving and sustaining the availability of over 99% for the period June '09 to September '09. There have been some tower failures in the various lines of other utilities during the monsoon season. However, though there have been stray instances of theft of tower members in some sections of our lines, we have thankfully not faced any such failures of towers. The credit goes to all our employees who have been vigilant in ensuring that all structures are intact by taking necessary corrective action of replacing the stolen members.

However, we cannot afford to be complacent with our past performance and need to continue to carry out preventive maintenance diligently. We have approached the appropriate authorities for prevention of such thefts.

Also, in order to efficiently maintain the lines, we ought to be paying utmost attention to safety of all our employees. We cannot afford to compromise on safety.

Friends, we currently hear a lot about climate change and sustainability initiatives. I would urge all our readers to commence energy conservative initiatives in their respective areas and help in making our sustainability drive a great success.

Wishing you and your families a Very Happy Festive Season!

Suresh Sachdev

ED & CEO

Dear Readers,

Suddenly, it seems, the festival season is upon us, the weather is turning beautiful, and everyone is busy with fasting and feasting! We at Urja Hiway feel the need to do something new, different & happy too!

1. Handicraft-making contest: Please look within for details!

2. The Self-Improvement series: With this issue, we are happy to introduce the above mentioned series. Through it we will provide for our readers, in a nutshell, important points and tips on interesting topics to help them improve themselves - if they so wish.

We are starting with Communication, as we believe it to be more than just a skill – it is at the root of our self-confidence and esteem, and enhances or detracts from all that we do and are.

Wishing all of you, our readers, a happy festival season!

Rita Luther

Editor

Letter from the Editor:

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Q1. Having been in Powerlinks for so long as one of its stalwarts, how do you envision its future in the short-term?

After the successful completion of the Tala Transmission Project well before the scheduled time, Powerlinks reached new heights. We have always been a respected name in the power sector and still have tremendous potential to grow much bigger. Having said that, I firmly believe that Powerlinks will live upto expectations in terms of existing and new business.

Q2. What do you feel are the strengths and also areas requiring attention in the organization?

Skilled manpower, time-tested rules and procedures are some of the strengths. The transmission lines being newly constructed, we need to guard against complacency which might set in due to lack of breakdowns during the initial phase of commercial operation of the transmission line.

Q3. Since you have worked abroad, how do you think Powerlinks compares professionally from a global viewpoint?

Powerlinks, an ISO-9001, ISO-14001 and OHSAS-18001 certified company, is already following strict global standards. We follow strict quality standards and laws of the land as practiced by other international professional companies and I reckon Powerlinks is at par with them. Compared to European companies, we lag behind in terms of mechanization and I think there is a lot of scope for enhancing mechanization in construction as well as maintenance of transmission lines. I am sure this will definitely help in optimization of cost, over the life cycle of the transmission line.

Q4. What do you perceive as being the challenges for you as Head of Engineering in the company?

Engineering is the core of any transmission business. Engineering is a dynamic field and there is always scope for improvement. It is also challenging in the sense that invariably we have to make changes in design to suit site conditions, which vary depending upon terrain. As Head of Engineering, I have to keep myself updated with new technologies, new design techniques and also train my team accordingly in order to meet the timelines and quality standards for every project.

Q5. What was i) your most difficult time, and also ii) the most enjoyable time you have spent in Powerlinks?

There is no difficult time as such; however, I feel challenges persist in every project you take up. One of the most challenging tasks I remember was the Tala Transmission Project which was approximately 1200 kms. in length, divided into six packages. The project was strictly time-bound and multi-tasking was required. The brighter side, particularly in retrospect, is that the project was a huge success.

Powerlinks is the first JV company in transmission of power between the public and private sectors. We, at Powerlinks are like a small family and every moment spent here is pleasant. I enjoyed coming back to India to join Powerlinks again.

Q6. What advice do you have for those who work in Powerlinks? What are important issues at the present time?

I feel that good team work and dedication are the two best things about Powerlinks employees. I wish and sincerely hope that this spirit will be maintained amongst each one of us to be able to achieve new heights. Motivation, of course plays a vital role in any organization and I would advise all my colleagues to be self-starters in any situation. Another thing I feel is important for all of us to realize in the present time is to be extremely cost-competitive. To be able to survive through this tough time, cost-competitiveness would play a significant role.

Q7. Please tell us something about yourself. What makes you happy? What upsets you? What motivates you and pushes you ahead?

I have a mantra in life to “Live and Let Live” and believe in simple living. I like to meditate and do yoga to give each day a perfect start. Discipline holds a pivotal place in my life - be it work or home, I believe in maintaining a balance between the two. I belong to Uttaranchal and hence, love to be near Mother Nature.

I hate hypocrisy and this is what upsets me the most.

I am a self- motivated person and a positive thinker. I believe in taking initiatives whenever there is an opportunity. For me, Impossible means “I-M-POSSIBLE”.

Q8. Lastly, where do you see Powerlinks five years down the line?

Five years down the line, I look forward to seeing Powerlinks as a vibrant entity engaged in the development of EHV transmission lines and associated substations with a turnover of over Rs. 500 crores! We have the necessary competency for the telecommunication business, rural electrification projects, etc. With the continued support of its promoters and lenders I see Powerlinks as a strong and the most successful PPP in the power sector.

Making Your AcquaintanceMr. A. S. Gusain, Sr. Manager, Engineering

A. S. GusainSr. Manager (Engg.)

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Survey is the most important activity in the construction of transmission lines. Unfortunately, in India, it is the most neglected area. In developed countries, about 10% of the project cost is expended for survey of transmission lines in order to work out techno economically the most feasible route. Inadequate details and wrong selection of line routes add to time overrun and cost.

The time has come for everybody to take notice of this avoidable menace and go for accurate survey work using modern techniques.

A majority of the time alignment is not optimum because of the following reasons:§Inability to travel to all areas by the decision making authorities.§Decisions are taken based on the feedback given by the surveyors.§Limitations in decision-making ability of the surveyors

Limitations of manual towers spotting using sag-template on profile drawings:§Time taken is more than when using GIS.§It is very difficult to check errors in the manually drawn profile drawing.§Optimization of various alternatives by changing the span and extension is seldom carried out.§Checking various structures and cable strengths is not possible.§It is also not possible to check the vertical and horizontal clearance for different weather conditions.

To avoid all the above constraints, route alignment by GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and tower spotting by using PLS-CADD is fast replacing conventional methods.

What is GIS?

GIS stands for Geographical Information Systems. It is a system in which the data is collected by remote sensing and analyzed for good decision-making.

Components of GIS:§Data which includes satellite images, GPS, topographical-sheets etc.§Software such as ENVI, ARC GIS, ERDAS

Steps involved in route alignment using GIS:§Collection of data.§Processing and extracting useful information from satellite images.§Formulation of decision criteria & preparation of base maps.§Identification of alternate routes.§Analysis of alternative routes. §Selection of optimum route.§Walk over survey §Detailed survey.

Route alignment methods:§Identification of start & end substations and identification of Bee Line (shortest distance between the end

points)§Identification of Study Area (usually a corridor of suitable width, say 50 km., on either side of the bee line)§Identification & procurement of topographical maps from “Survey of India” and IRS 1C satellite images from

NRSA, for the study area.§Identification of features like rail lines, road lines, rivers, reserved/protected forests, settlements, hilly terrains,

farms & cultivated lands, fallow & marshy lands, areas of historical importance.§Accessibility, i.e. approachability for construction.§Cost/weight assessment of line passing through various features (as listed above). For instance, a weight

factor of 1.5 is assigned if the line passes through a reserved forest.§The transmission line is routed on the satellite image and topographical maps in such a manner that the total

cost/weight is maintained least.§Three such routes are identified and compared, and the most economical one recommended.

Key Events & InformationTransmission Line Survey & Tower Spotting by Modern Technique

by Prabhat Kumar, Sr. Engineer, Muzaffarpur

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Towers spotted by PLS-CADDPower Line Software PLS-CADD is the most widely used software in the world for tower spotting.§

Advantages:

§Optimum tower spotting due to alternative tower spotting options.

§Structure and conductor can be checked for different loading conditions.

§Possible to check horizontal and vertical clearance in different weather conditions.

§Tower spotting can be carried out in 3D environments.

§Creep effect and non-linear behaviour of conductor can be considered during tower spotting.

§Various kinds of reports such as tower and line material schedules, structure and conductor checks, etc., can be automatically generated.

Steps involved in tower spotting by PLS-CADD.

§Generation of terrain model.

§Generation of structure and cable model.

§Identification of input criteria.

§Defining angle points.

§Spotting the tower in between the angle points.

§Checking of structure and cable strength.

Input Data:

1. Field survey details (XYZ or PFL format).

2. Tower details such as height of attachment of conductor, ground wire, cross arm width, etc.

3. Conductor/ground wire details such as diameter, structural properties, etc., for sag-tension calculation.

4. Tower spotting data.

5. Applicable weather cases.

6. Conductor clearance requirements.

7. Field constraints.

Field survey data from the total station is imported into the PLS-CADD in the required format. The ground profile can be generated after fixing the angle towers. Data regarding structures (project specific), conductor wires, and weather cases are input. Tower spotting data is fed. The structure is spotted in the ground profile, meeting tower spotting requirements. Weight span and wind span reports are generated automatically, which can be checked in reports. Tower structures violating tower spotting data can be replaced by suitable structure types. The output is exported to AutoCAD for profile drawing.

Advantages of tower spotting data through PLS CADD:-

§Optimal transmission line designing can be done within a short time.

§Automatic and economical tower spotting can be done for a defined route.

§Alteration of tower locations can easily be done.

§Various reports can be generated which will be suitable for site activity, viz., length of wire, tower schedule, stringing chart, wind and weight span etc.

§Interactive tower spotting can also be done.

§Global co-ordination of location of each tower can be established with reference to initial northing & easting co-ordinate.

§Strength of tower can be checked at any particular location.

Due to the above, the shortest route length can be identified without undertaking site visit. The entire site related logistics can be worked out before mobilization, ensuring optimal overall cost of the line.

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lMAT rate has been increased from 10% to 15%: Tax credit, which was allowed to be carried forward and set off upto seven years is now extended upto 10 years.

lMAT calculation- addition to the book profit: If any provision in respect of any diminution in the value of assets has been made and debited to the P&L account, the same shall be added back for the purpose of computation of book profit under MAT.

lFBT abolished: FBT is abolished and taxation of benefits as perquisites in the hands of the employee has been restored.

lWealth Tax: Under the existing provisions, wealth tax @ 1% is charged on wealth in excess of Rs. 15 lacs, calculated as per the rules. The present threshold limit of Rs. 15 lacs is raised to Rs. 30 lacs w.e.f FY '09-'10.

lDocument Identification Number: Every Income Tax authority shall allot a computer generated document number in respect of every notice, order, letter or any correspondence issued to any other income tax authority or assessee or any other person.

l80 IA timelines extended to 31st March 2011.

lTime limit for completion of withholding tax audits: As against the earlier position of no prescribed time limits, a time limit of two years-four years has been prescribed depending upon facts and circumstances of the case. Expressed time limits to bring certainty on the subject matter.

lTDS Provisions: TDS rates changed under section 194C & 194 I. Failure to furnish PAN to deductor to attract tax at higher rates. Surcharge and Cess on the TDS rates are removed for payment to residents. To ensure that the deductor knows about the correct PAN of the deductee it is required to provide for mandatory quoting of PAN of the deductee by both the deductor and the deductee in all correspondence, bills, and vouchers exchanged between them.

lPersonal Taxation: Basic exemption limit hiked by Rs.10,000 both for men and women, i.e.

Women: Rs. 1,80,000 to Rs. 1,90,000

Men: Rs. 1,50,000 to Rs. 1,60,000

Senior Citizens: Rs. 2,25,000 to Rs. 2,40,000

10% surcharge on income beyond Rs.10 lacs has been removed

Tax benefits on new pension scheme

Deduction for medical treatment of a dependant suffering from disability:

The limit of Rs.75,000 if dependant is suffering from severe disability increased to Rs 1,00,000/- if the expenditure is on account of

a) Medical treatment, training, rehabilitation of a dependant, being a person with disability

b) Amount paid to LIC or other insurance in respect of a scheme for the maintenance of adisabled dependant.

Union Budget 2009- Provisions Relevant to Powerlinks Transmission Limited

Ajay Bagri, CAO & CS

Handicraft making contestUrja Hiway is pleased to invite its readers to a handicraft making contest, starting with this issue. The rules:

ØA 12”x12” hand-made wall hanging to be made by the contestant using (at least partly) some natural products;

ØThe contestant to certify that the handicraft is made by him/her;

ØThere will be one 1st prize of Rs.1500, one 2nd prize of Rs.1000 and one 3rd prize of Rs.500;

ØThe last date for receipt of entries is November 15, 2009.

ØEntries to be sent to Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Senior Adm. Officer, Powerlinks Transmission Ltd., 4th Floor,

Kanchenjunga Building, 18 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi - 110 001.

We look forward to receiving some great works of art!

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10th Tata Group Executive Leadership Seminar at TMTC, PuneA saga of enthralling knowledge-sharing

P.K. Pal, General Manager (P & O)

It was a scintillating seven days of a dream journey of knowledge-sharing with some of the best experts of the Ross School of Business, Michigan University, USA, at the 10th Tata Group Executive Leadership Seminar. This was held at TMTC, Pune between 31st July, 2009 and 7th August, 2009.

The topics were varied and mind-boggling - and most appropriate for today's business scenario - how to sustain and thrive in a competitive environment, where challenges are many but innovation, emerging technologies and competitive strategy can still do wonders. The ones that appealed to me most included the 'Role of Information Technology' by Prof. Krishnan in modern-day business. He spoke of how it could quickly adapt to customer expectations and requirements and at the same time meet the ever-increasing demand of shareholders. IT compatibility with all actions promote connectivity (empowerment), digitization (transaction automation, intelligence embedded customer objective), convergence and social networks (togetherness across the globe thematically). Unfortunately, we use IT very selectively; however, the process of change should start very early so as to use IT proactively as a major decision making tool.

The topic on “Developing HR Strategy” by Prof. Brockbank shook our preformed mindset about HR practices. We realized that emerging strategic HR adds value to shareholders whose target customers are external only, whereas what we know are just the basic HR functions. HR drives performance, and it is not necessarily the satisfied employees in an organization who will be most productive; it is positive dissatisfaction among employees that gives impetus for better performance. Contrary to popular belief, the successful practices imply that the long term earning forecasts are most accurate when based on non-financial information, which means that financial measures are history books; non-financials are the future.

The topic on “Finance for Strategic Decision Making” by Prof. Narayanan was very engrossing. A lack of knowledge in finance often leads to value-destroying decisions by many managers. The concepts of Cash Flow, Cost of Capital, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return were explained simply & in an absorbing way, with illustrative detail on interacting projects.

The topic on “Becoming a Co-creative Enterprise” by Prof. Ramaswamy was equally enthralling. It is, in fact, value creation from a recipient's perspective. From our organization's perspective, it is an engagement platform for interaction with customers proactively. It is to be borne in mind that co-creation promotes transparency and in a broader perspective, enlightened democracy; however, we should be co-creative inside the organization first before extending the same to the community at large.

In POWERLINKS too, we can become co-creative by involving the local population along the line route as a part of our transmission community. They can be offered monetary incentives for prevention of rampant theft of tower parts and other activities by miscreants.

The topic I appreciated the most, delivered by Prof. Prahalad, was BP (Bottom of Pyramid) as a source of innovation. It is not necessarily innovation at a high cost and affordable by a selective few which will be successful - but rather an innovative technology at an affordable cost, which can reach the grassroots' level and benefit a large underprivileged population, which is the need of the day. For example, the Jaipur Prosthesis has brought back smiles to many a hapless disabled man by providing artificial limbs at a very affordable cost following this concept.

Time was short and topics were many; each itself could take many days for proper understanding. In fact, the seminars had the hidden agenda of stirring our thought processes and aligning them properly to the ever-changing business scenario of the world today.

At the end, the Tata Power team, which included me, presented the broad lines of a project on “Rural Electrification”, which we are to develop within a span of about six months.

Every good thing finally comes to an end. But I can confidently admit that I have left the TMTC premises after the seminar a more confident, educated and enlightened personality!

URJA HI WAYPOWERLINKS

The News from PowerlinksPaying homage to Mr. JRD Tata

Completion of 5 years of Service with Powerlinks

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Hearty congratulations to all of those who have completed five years of service!Powerlinks sincerely thanks each one for the excellent support given in achieving its progress.

We wish you many more fruitful years in the company!

Jiju Kumar Raminder Singh Zaved Kawser

Powerlinks fondly remembered Mr. J.R.D. Tata on his 105th birth anniversary on 29th July.

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New Appointments

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Mr. Anurag

Engineer (O & M), Lucknow

Mr. Utpal Das

Jr. Technician, Jhakhadevi

Mr. Santosh Kumar Singh

Jr. Technician, Jhakhadevi

Congratulations!

Mr. Anupam Gupta of Corporate Office, New Delhi, was blessed with a son on 8th August, 2009. Our blessings to the little baby & warmest congratulations to the proud parents!

Mr. Sant Kumar Singh of our Muzaffarpur office

married Ritu on 20th June, 2009. Our

warmest wishes to the newly wedded couple for a long and happy

married life!

Mr. Arjun Singh Tomar

Engineer (O & M), Lucknow

Mr. Ajay Kumar Srivastava

Sr. Engineer (Projects), Chiplun

Mr. Lokesh L Shinde

Trainee Engineer, Chiplun

Mr. Motiur Rahman

Jr. Technician, Lucknow

Mr. Gayatri Prasad Mishra

Stores Officer, Lucknow

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Scrambled word quiz – Winners of Issue 2 Quiz, 2009

Scrambled Word Quiz: The rules:

We are happy to announce the winners of the last quiz:

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1. Pallav Kumar Mishra 2. Jiju Kumar 3. Prabhat Kumar4. Usha Mahendru 5. Parveen Kumar

The right answers were:• SUMMERCAMP • MANGOES • VACATIONS• SWIMMING • DEHYDRATIONMaster word: MUSICIAN.

Unscramble each word and write it in its respective slot. Then combine the letters of the darkened squares to form the master word. Each word and also the master word should be correct to be eligible for a prize.

Five correct entries will win gift cheques of Rs.500 each. In case there are more than 5 correct entries, winners will be selected on the basis of a draw.

Please copy the format below with your answers filled in and mail it to us at urjaquiz@yahoo.co.in.

Last date for receipt of entries is November 15, 2009.

Please type in your name and physical address carefully. You could be one of the lucky winners!

I C S O F A

T T I I Y C C L E E R

U I I I Y D L Q T

Master word:

M U C A I L A T E M

R V A A N N I

Location: Eastern Uttar PradeshClimate: Summer 43°C to 30°C, Winter 25 °C to 5 °C Best time to visit: October to MarchNearest Airport: Gorakhpur AirportNearest Railhead: Gorakhpur Junction

Gorakhpur is situated along the eastern bank of the River Rapti, 280 km. northeast of Lucknow. The city is well connected by rail, road and air - particularly the former - with the rest of the country. It is one of the most important religious and cultural centres in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Gorakhpur rose to prominence in the 12th century when it became the centre of the famous Hindu tantrik and ascetic, Baba Gorakhnath. Gorakhnath has influenced generations of Hindus that follow his Nath Sect. His samadhi in the old part of the city is visited by scores of pilgrims every day.

The Gorakhnath Temple is one of the most famous temples in the state and is frequented by hundreds of pilgrims every year.

Gorakhpur is also associated with the famous poet and philosopher, Kabir. Gorakhpur was the place where Kabir composed and propagated most of his couplets. His tomb is a major attraction in the city.

Gorakhpur again rose to prominence in the early 20th century due to an incident that shook India. During the non-cooperation movement, some people burned down a police station at a locality called Chauri Chaura. This led Mahatma Gandhi to withdraw the movement altogether. Gorakhpur is also home to the famous Gita Press.

The Gorakhnath Temple in Gorakhpur stands on 52 acres of land. Its most attractive feature is the garbh griha where sage Gorakhnath is portrayed as a manifestation of Lord Shiva in a deep meditation posture.

The Gorakhnath Temple is visited every day by devotees. However, every Tuesday and Saturday the number of visitors increases to a very great extent. During the celebrations of 'Khichri Mela' in January, thousands of devotees gather here.

Gorakhpur has been a town of ancient glory and medieval mysticism. It is endowed with magnificent monuments and temples of attraction.

Gorakhnath Temple:

Other places of interest in Gorakhpur:

Getting to know places of interest near our field officesGorakhpur

This famous temple associated with a large statue of Lord Vishnu, made of Kasauti (black) stone, belongs to the Pal Dynasty of the 12th century, A.D.

Geeta Vatika, situated on Pipraich Road, 3 kms. from the railway station., is probably the only place where prayers are offered non-stop around the clock for the goddess Radha, the divine love of Lord Krishna

Established by the late Vitthal Das Modi in 1940, it is visited for healing through naturopathy.

This was built by the Hazrat saint, Roshan Ali Shah in 1717 AD. It is famous for the gold and silver Tajia.

Ramgarh Taal is a huge and natural lake spread over 1700 acres. Its beauty is mainly attributed to the Tara Mandal at its southern bank. Other attractions of this place are the Water Sports Complex, Buddha Museum, Planetarium, Tourist Bunglow, Champa Vihar Park and Circuit House.

All 18 parts of "Shree Mahabhagwat Gita" are written on its marble walls. Other wall hangings and paintings reveal the events of the life of Lord Rama & Krishna. All sorts of Hindu religious books and handloom textiles are sold here at subsidised rates.

This has already been written about in detail in a previous issue.

Lumbini is the birth place of Lord Buddha, situated across the border in Nepal, 124 kms. north west of Gorakhpur.

97 kms. north of Gorakhpur, on the State Highway-1A, Kapilvastu is now being developed as an international Buddhist pilgrimage centre. Here, Lord Buddha spent 29 years of his early life.

It is situated on National Highway 28, 27 kms. west of Gorakhpur in District Sant Kabir Nagar. It is the death place of the great saint and social reformer of the medieval ages, Sant Kabir Das.

It is the place of Lord Mahavir's 'Nirvana', 72 kms..east of Gorakhpur on National Highway 28.

Tarkulha Devi, the local deity, is closely associated with the great freedom fighter Bandhu Singh.

Vishnu Temple:

Geeta Vatika:

Arogya Mandir:

Imambara:

Ramgarh Taal:

Gita Press:

Kushinagar:

Lumbini:

Kapilavastu:

Maghar:

Pawanagar:

Tarkulha Devi:

Places of interest around Gorakhpur

POWERLINKS

POWERLINKS TRANSMISSION LTD.(A Joint Venture of TATA POWER & POWERGRID)

CORPORATE OFFICE: 4th Floor, Kanchenjunga Building, 18 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001Tel: 91 11 66306381-82, Fax: 91 11 66306377 Website: www.powerlinks.co.in

Registered Office: B-9 Qutab Institutional Area, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016

The views expressed herein are the views of the individuals and do not necessarily express the views of Powerlinks Transmission Limited.

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piter:

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Know some unknown history of words! Contributed by Raju Laik

MOPED is the short term for 'Motorized Pedalling'.

POP MUSIC is 'Popular Music' shortened.

BUS is the short term for 'Omnibus' that means everybody.

FORTNIGHT comes from 'Fourteen Nights' (Two Weeks).

DRAWING ROOM was actually a 'withdrawing room' where people withdrew after dinner. Later the prefix 'with' was dropped.

NEWS refers to information from four directions N, E, W and S.

AG-MARK, which some products bear, stems from 'Agricultural Marketing'.

JOURNAL is a diary that tells about 'Journey for a day' during each day's business.

QUEUE comes from 'Queen's Quest'. Long back a long row of people were waiting to see the Queen. Someone made the

comment Queen's Quest.

TIPS come from 'To Insure Prompt Service'.. In olden days to get prompt service from servants in an inn, travellers used to drop coins in a box on which was written 'To Insure Prompt Service'.

This gave rise to the custom of tips.

JEEP is a vehicle with a unique gear system. It was invented during World War II (1939-1945). It was named 'General Purpose

Vehicle (GP)'. GP was changed into JEEP later.