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Uses Of Radiation
By: Marriam Malik & Fatima Chaudhary
X-ray
• A type of radiation that can pass through our skin. When x-rayed, our bones and other structures cast shadows because they are denser than our skin, and those shadows can be detected on photographic film.
Medical Purposes
• When used in this way, they are most often intended to kill cancerous tissue, reduce the size of a tumor, or reduce pain. For example, radioactive iodine (specifically iodine-131) is frequently used to treat thyroid cancer, a disease that strikes about 11,000 Americans every year.
23.7
Radioisotopes in Medicine• 1 out of every 3 hospital patients will undergo a nuclear
medicine procedure
• 24Na, t½ = 14.8 hr, emitter, blood-flow tracer
• 131I, t½ = 14.8 hr, emitter, thyroid gland activity
• 123I, t½ = 13.3 hr, ray emitter, brain imaging
• 18F, t½ = 1.8 hr, emitter, positron emission tomography
• 99mTc, t½ = 6 hr, ray emitter, imaging agent
Brain images with 123I-labeled compound
Scientific Applications
• Archaeologists also use radioactive substances to determine the ages of fossils and other objects through a process called carbon dating.
Industrial Use
• Radiation is used in industries for clothing, cookware and forms of irradiation.
Irridation
• Irridation is the exposure of food or other substances to radiation in order to kill germs for safety purposes.
Chemistry In Action: Food Irradiation
Dosage Effect
Up to 100 kiloradInhibits sprouting of potatoes, onions, garlics. Inactivates trichinae in pork. Kills or prevents insects from reproducing in grains, fruits, and vegetables.
100 – 1000 kilorads Delays spoilage of meat poultry and fish. Reduces salmonella. Extends shelf life of some fruit.
1000 to 10,000 kiloradsSterilizes meat, poultry and fish. Kills insects and microorganisms in spices and seasoning.
Power Plants
• Nuclear Fission is used in power plants to generate electricity.
Diagram of a nuclear power plant
Annual Waste Production
23.5
35,000 tons SO2
4.5 x 106 tons CO2
1,000 MW coal-firedpower plant
3.5 x 106
ft3 ash
1,000 MW nuclearpower plant
70 ft3 vitrified waste
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fission & Nuclear Fission & POWERPOWER
• Currently about 103 Currently about 103
nuclear power plants nuclear power plants
in the U.S. and about in the U.S. and about
435 worldwide.435 worldwide.
• 17% of the world’s 17% of the world’s
energy comes from energy comes from
nuclear.nuclear.
In conclusion, Radiation has impacted our nation in many
positive ways, as well as mankind.
Effects of RadiationEffects of Radiation