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Volume InformationSource: The Virginia Law Register, Vol. 12, No. 1 (May, 1906), pp. i-xlviiiPublished by: Virginia Law ReviewStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1103063 .

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THE

VIRGINIA LAW REGISTER

VOLUME XII.

MAY 1906 TO APRIL 1907.

R. T. W. DUKE, JR. ........ . Editor. A. R. MICHIE, Associate Editors. FRANK MOORE,

Charlottesville, Va.: THE MICHIE COMPANY

1907.



Copyright 1907

by The Michie Company



INDEX.

LEADING ARTICLES IN VOLUME XII.

Address of Archer A. Phlegar, President, to the Virginia State Bar Association, August 7, 1906.............................. 339

Admissibility, in a Criminal Trial, of the Former Testimony of a Witness, Since Dead. (Walter R. Staples).................. 755

Doctrine in Virginia as to the Duty of a Railroad Company to Licensees on Its Tracks. (Robert W. Withers).............. 419

Our Land Laws Again. (Robert W. Withers).................. 978 Right of Privacy.......................... 91 Social Intimacy as Proof of Adultery.......................... 368 Testimony of Witness, Since Deceased, on Former Trial of

Criminal Case 515 The Jurisdiction and Practice under the Act of Congress, ap-

proved June 11, 1906, Relating to the Liability of Common Carriers to Their Employees. (John T. Harris)............ 866

The Mosaic Code. (Rabbi Edward N. Calisch)................ 851 The New Act Concerning Demurrers to Evidence. (Archer A.

Phlegar) ..................... 195 The New Act Concerning Demurrers to Evidence. (S. S. P.

Patteson) ................................ 275 The New Act, in Virginia, Concerning Demurrers to Evidence.

(Frederick Wilmer Sims).................................... 355 Quality of Jurors. (Jackson Guy) ......430

The Rights of Creditors of a Municipal Corporation When the State Has Passed a Law to Abolish or Alter it. (Richard W. Flournoy, Jr.) ............................................. 175

The Validity of State Statutes Prohibiting Contracts of Exemp- tion by Carriers Concerning Interstate Commerce. (J. R. Tucker) ..... ...................................... 1

United Nations of the World. (George C. Gregory)............ 595 When Is an Action Begun so as to Stop the Running of the

Statute of Limitations? (H. Claude Pobst).................. 675 When Land Is Sold for Delinquent Taxes, and Purchaser Fails

to Have Deed Executed, within the Statutory Period, what Is the Condition of the Title? (J. F. Bouchelle)............ 279



TABLE OF CASES REPORTED IN FULL IN

VOLUME XII.

Anderson v. Commonwealth.................................. 523 Anderson v. Jackson.... ............................. 791 Bowman's Ex'rs v. Roller*...................................... 871 Brammer's Adm'r v. Norfolk & Western R. Co. ......... . 244 Burrow v. Norfolk Railway & Light Co. (Corporation Court

of City of Norfolk)*-....................................... 763 Button v. State Corporation Commission of Virginia*.......... 566 Cannon v. Hawkins............................................ 284 C. & 0. Ry. Co. v. Farrow's Adm'x*.......................... 909 Clem v. Given's Ex'r....................................... 902 Commonwealth v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. (Virginia State

Corporation Commission) ................................... 399 Commonwealth ex rel. Attorney General. v. Atlantic Coast Line

R. Co.* ..........................1009 Commonwealth v. Baltimore, etc., R. Co. (Corporation Court

of City of Staunton)*........................................ 302 Commonwealth v., Harris. (The Hustings Court of the City

of Petersburg) ............................................ 36 Commonwealth v. Strother .................................... 948 Counts v. Jackson................................. 791 D avis v. Roller* ......... . ................... ............... 871 Dulaney's Adm'r v. Dulaney*................................ 480 Evans v. Atlantic Coast Line Ry.* . ............. 153 Everett Waddey Co. v. Richmond Typographical Union No. 90*.. 224 Fayette Nat. Bank v. Summers*................................ 625 Fields v. Fields ................... 796 Fletcher v. Commonwealth*..................................1029 Fulkerson v. City of Bristol. ................................ 385 Green v. Pennington** ......................... 731 Haddock v. Haddock. (United States Supreme Court)........ 100 Hulvey v. Roberts* . ... ........................ 1020 International Harvester Co. v. Smith................ ...... 571 Interstate Coal & Iron Co. v. Clintwood Coal & Timber Co..... 632 Jackson v. Anderson. ............................... 791 Jackson v. Counts............................................. 791 Joel Bailey Davis Co. v. Augustus. ............................ 777 Lake Shore .& M. S. Ry. Co. v. Smith. .......... ..... 30 Lewis v. Commonwealth*....... 620 McCoy v. McCoy. ................................611 McIlvane v. Big Stony Lumber Co.................. 390 Mason & Perkins v. Post*......................... .... 525

IV INDEX



Mathieson Alkali Works v. T. T. Mathieson. (United States Circuit Court of Appeals)* .................................. 687

M ort v. Jones* ........... ..................................... 711 Norfolk, P. & N. N. Co. v. City of Norfolk* .................... 32 Norfolk & W. R. Co. v. Scruggs*.............................. 28 Norfolk & W. R. Co. v. Sutherland*........................... 559 O'Flaher'ty . Commonwealth................................ 284 Plunkett v. Supreme Conclave, Improved Order of Heptasophs*.. 877 Pocahontas Collieries Co. v. Williams*......................... 787 Puckett v. Mullins* ..........................................1024 Quillen v. Commonwealth*................................ 379 Robinson v. Commonwealth* ............................ 42 Singer Mfg. Co. v. Bryant*.................................... 540 Southern Ry. Co. v. Blanford's Adm'x* ........................ 433 Southern Ry. Co. v. Patterson*................................ 9 Southern Ry. Co. v. Simmons* ................................. 882 State v. Matthews*........................................... 769 Suburban Co. v. Turner*....................................... 462 Swift & Co. v. City of Newport News*. ....................... 12 Tidewater R. R. Co. v. Shartzer. (Circuit Court of Roanoke

Co.)* ...................................................... 991 Town of Glasgow v. Mathews* .. ............................... 607 Townsend v. Norfolk Ry. & Light Co.*......................... 200 Trustees of American Bank v. McComb*..................... . 371 Virginia Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Hogue*.................... 448 Virginia & S. W. Ry. Co. v. Hill.............................. 721 Walker's Adm'r v. Potomac F. & P. R. Co.* .................... 235 Wasserman v. Metzger*....................................... 798 W atkins v. Robertson*........................................ 466 Watts v. C. I. Johnson & Bowman Real Estate Corp............. 535 Wayt v. Glasgow........................................... 894 Whitlock v. Hawkins Revenue Com'r . .................. 284 Williams v. Kendrick*.......................................... 714

*Annotated.

INDEX v



VI INDEX

TABLE OF CASES DIGESTED IN VOLUME XII.

American Locomotive Co. v. Hoffman......................... 492 A pp v. A pp .... .. .......................................1038 Aragon Coffee Co. v. Rogers. ................................. 62 B. & 0 . R . Co. v. Lee ......................................... 915

Beatty v. Beatty............................................. 161 Bellenot v. Laubes Ex'r........................................ 53 Black v. Virginia Portland Cement Co.........................1037 Bledsoe v. Robinett............................................ 651 Blue Ridge Light & Power Co. v. Tutwiler.................... 918 Breeden v. Peale ...... ... ......................... 915 Brown v. Howard & W hitehead ................................ 1041

Campbell v. Watkins Ex'rs ............. .................... 648 Carlin & Co. v. Fraser ......................................... 162 C. & O. Ry. Co. v. Commonwealth.............................. 578 Crane's Nest Coal & Coke Co. v. Mace......................... 648 Crane's Nest Coal & Coke Co. v. Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co. 739 Crockett v. Etter ....................................... 737 Duke v. N. & W . R. Co ....................................... 921 Eastern State Hospital v. Graves Committee .................. 60 Ellis v. Whitacre.. ............................... 648 Eureka Club v. Commonwealth ................................ 579 Fewell v. Southern R. Co..................................... 52 French v. Vradenburg's Ex'rs................................. 52 Ham ilton v. Stephenson... .............................. 1035

H-arding v.' Commonwealth .... .. ......................... .. 58

Harrisonburg Harness Co. v. National Furniture Co ............1040 Hatcher & Shaw v. Commonwealth..l........................1039 Hatton v. Mountford .......................................... 63 HI-erring v. Wilton................................ 921 Hobson's Adm'r v. Hobson's Adm'r.......................... 406 H1ot Springs Lumber & Mfg. Co. v. Revercomb................1036 Johnson v. Trustees of Hampton Normal & Agricultural In-

stitute .................................................... 493 Kent v. Kent .................................... ....... 926 Lane Bros. v. Seakford .. ........ . ............................. 923 L arkey v. G ardner ..... .. .. ... ..... ............................ 826 Laskey v. Burrill............... .............................. 491

L ee v. P atillo ................................................. 52 Low Moor Iron Co. v. La Bianca's Adm'r...................... 917 M cM urray v. D ixon .. ... ....... .... ........................... 649 Marbach v. Holmes......................................... 57 Mayo Hysore & Co. v. Philadelphia Textile Machinery Co.... 406 Newport News & 0. P. R. & Electric Co. v. Lake.............. 577



Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. v. Jones.......... 577 N. & W . R. Co. v. Bell....................................... 54 N. & W. R. Co. v. Birchfield .................................... 737 N. & W. R. Co. v. McDonald's Adm'x .......................... 922 N. & W. R. Co. v. Stegall's Adm'x. ........................... 489 N. & W. R. Co. v. Tidewater R. Co.......................... 64 Northrop v. City of Richmond................ ............... 405 Poplin's Adm'x v. Southern R. Co............................ 494 Preston v. Johnson............................... 161 Redwood v. Rogers............................................ 162 Richardson v. Pierce............................... 649 Richmond Standard Steel Spike & Iron Co. v. Dininny.......... 405 R oller v. P aul ................................................. 924 Sands v. Stagg .............................................. 490 Satterfield v. Commonwealth .................................. 66 Seward & Co. v. Miller & Higdon..............................1040 Shearer v. Taylor ............................................. 916 Shenandoah Land & Anthracite Coal Co. v. Clarke. ............. 925 Sherrard v. Western State Hospital....................... ..... 650 Sipe v. T aylor ............................................ .. 919 Smokeless Fuel Co. v. W. E. Seaton & Sons.................... 57 Southern R. Co. v. Forgery & Richardson...................... 579 Southern R. Co. v. Hansbrough's Adm'x . ....................... 488 Standard Oil Co. v. City of Fredericksburg .................... 55 Stokes' Adm'x v. Southern R. Co .............................. 65 Stonega Coke & Coal Co. v. L. & Nk R. Co . ................... 922 Sullivan v. Gum.............................................. 918 Thom pson v. Cam per ..........................................1039 Tidewater Quarry Co. v. Scott................................ 59 Town of Hampton v. Jones .................................... 488 Town of Phoebus v. Manhattan Social Club . .................. 61 Vashon. v. Barrett.............................................. 1041 Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co. v. Cash's Adm'r.............. 579 Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co. v. Kiser . ...................... 827 Whitehead v. Cape Henry Syndicate.......................... 576 Wilkie v. Richmond Traction Co............................... 493 W illiams v. Virginia State Ins. Co............................. 1040 W?ilson v. Langhorne .......................................... 62 Wright-Caesar Tobacco Co. v. A. I-loen & Co . ........... . 576

INDEX VII



VIII INDEX

GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUME XII.

ABATEMENT, REVIVAL AND SURVIVAL. Grounds-misjoinder of parties..........................390, 649

ABRIDGMENT, 1796. Author of ................................................. 264

ABUTTING OWNERS.

Enjoining municipal improvements... ....................... 77

ACCIDENT INSURANCE. Proximate cause ............................................ 329

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Bill of sale-sufficiency......................... 918

ACTIONS. Form ....................................................... 59

ACTS OF ASSEMBLY. 1820-21, p. 133, ch. 114, ? 7.................................... 55

1865-66, p. 160, ch. 44....................................... 576

1870-71, p. 267, ch. 187, ? 7.................................... 55

1876-77, p. 333, ch. 329....................................... 650

1879, Feb. 27................................................. 578 1879-80, p. 147, ch. 155........................................1020 1883-84, p. 605, ch. 450................................... 1020

1887, Ex. Sess., p. 422, ch. 329................................ 578

1887, Ex. Sess., p. 486, ch. 382................................ 488

1891-92, p. 814, ch. 510........................................ 523

1891-92, p. 814, ch. 510........................................ 379

1893-94, pp. 201, 219, ch. 205.................................. 894

1893-94, p. 827, ch. 737....................................... 28

1895-96, p. 596, ch. 562........................................ 66

1897-98, p. 479, ch. 443, ? 4................................... 579

1897-98, p. 479, ch. 443........................................ 579

1897-98, pp. 495, 1020, chs. 463, 989............................ 200

1897-98, pp. 896, 910, ch. 866, ? 124............................ 371 1901-02, p. 601, ch. 516....................................... 58

1902-04, p. 227, ch. 148, ? 144.................................. 579 1902-3-4, pp. 155, 226, ch. 148, cl. 144.......................... 61 1902-04, p. 155, ch. 148.................................... ... 379 1902-04, p. 224, ch. 148, ? 143 ................................. 58 1902-04, p. 487, ch. 276...................................... 488 1902-3-4, p. 610, ch. 388.. .................................... 284 1902-3-4, p. 626, ch. 410...................................... 284 1902-3-4, p. 626, ch. 401.................................... 284



ACTS OF ASSEMBLY-Continued. 1904, p. 13, ch. 14 . ... ..... . . .............................. 284 1904, p. 310, ch. 195 .284 1904, p. 368, ch. 253.............................. ........ 28 1906, p. 105, ch. 106......................................... 894 1906, p. 122............................................. . 333 1906, p. 122, ch. 112......................................... 566 1906, p. 222............ .. 508 1906, p. 525......... 332 1906, p. 541, ch. 256 .......................................... 1009 Acts of Congress, March 2, 1893, ch. 196, ? 2, 27 Stat. 531.... 882

ADEQUATE REMEDY AT LAW. Injunction . .. .............493 Trespass . ................ 651

ADMISSIONS. See EVIDENCE.

ADULTERATION OF MILK. Police pow er .............................. ...................503

ADVANCEMENTS. See DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION.

ADVERSE POSSESSION. Adverse possession against commonwealth ................... 731 Color of title........... 731 Conflicting patents-settlement ...... ......................731 Ejectment ............................................. .... 632 Hostile character of possession.............. .... 1039 Ouster .................. 731 Possession of purchaser-disavowal of vendor's title......... 57 W hat constitutes .............................. .. ........ 412

AGENCY. Action for agent's fraud..................................... 52 Duties of principal-exercise of good faith .................... 52 Malicious prosecution ....................................... 153 Rights of principal-fraud of agent......................... 52 Undisclosed principal-contract in name of agent............ 331

ALIMONY. See DIVORCE.

ALTERATION OF INSTRUMENTS. Note-interest clause .661

ANIMALS. Liability of owner of stray animals to cyclists and autoists.... 942

INDEX IX



X INDEX

ANTI-MONOPOLY LAWS. Editorial .................................................. 163

ANTI-TRUST LAW. Construction of anti-trust law......................... 839, 941

Sleeping car com pany ........................................ 76

APPEAL AND ERROR. Am ount in controversy ...................................... 571

Assignments of error made in reply brief-review ............ 492

Assignments of error-time-reply brief.................... 490 Criminal law ................................... ........... 379 Decisions reviewable-interlocutory decree................... 161 Decrees appealable-assignment of dower .................... 406 Dismissal-failure to pay fees................................ 75

Disposition of case-affirmance .............................. 580

Disposition of cause-reversal-remand....................... 737 Effect of appeals ........................................ 667 Effect of appeals-"the law on trial"........................ 740 Effect of appeals-"reversals"-editorial...................... 829 Exclusion of evidence-general objection...................... 632 Failure to give nominal damages ................. .. 12 Granting writ- review .................................... . 200 Grant of license .................................... 1020 H arm less error ............................................. 42 Harmless error-admission of evidence...................541, 883 Harmless error-continuances ............................ . 827 Harmless error-exclusion of evidence.........................65, 737

Improper question made by jurymen ................. .. 412

Jurisdiction ............................................... 571 Married women-instructions-harmless error.............. 650

Petition-assignment of error-sufficiency................. 491

Record-questions presented ............ .................. . 494 Review dem urrer ....................... .................. 1030 Review -verdict ............................... .......... 579 Writ of error-exceptions-estoppel ......................... 433 Writ of error-record-evidence ............................. 577 Writ of error-records ...................................... 918 Writ of error-review ...................................... 542

APPEARANCE. Waiver of service of process................................. 559

ARBITRATION AND AWARD. Umpire ......... . ................................ 413

ARGUMENTS OF COUNSEL. Harmless error ............................................. 42 Time of-rule limiting................................ 653 Trial by court................................ 884



INDEX XI

ARREST.

Exemption from on civil process............................. 834

ASSAULT AND BATTERY. C arriers ................. ........................... 662

Cooling tim e ............................................... 263

ASSIGNMENTS.

Estoppel ................................. .................. 171 Unearned wages ............................................1048

ASSIGNMENTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF CREDITORS. Com m ission ......... ..... ....................... 62

Compromising and adjusting claims.......................... 777 Debts secured ............................................ 777 Description of property conveyed............................ 777 For omission of assets from deed ........................... 777 Provision as to evidence of debt ............................ 777 Provision for fees to trustees for legal services.............. 777 Provision for presenting claims............................... 77

Rights of assignees .......................................... 62

Right to employ counsel..................................... 62

Stipulation for release....................................... 777 Time provided for electing to take under deed................ 777

ASSUMPSIT. Set-off, claims for conversion................................ 59 W aiver of tort ............................................... 59

ATTACHMENT. Actions in which attachment is authorized.................... 915 Grounds-fraudulent conveyances ........................... 915

Rights of attaching creditors...............................1040

ATTORNEY AND CLIENT. Admission of attorneys......................................1049 Lawyers as law reformers .................................... 750 Right of attorney to withdraw from case.................... 409

AUTOMOBILES. Degree of care required in operating.........................1051 Duty of chauffeur........................................... 263 New act concerning-takes effect under ? 3895b, Va. Code, 1904. :332 Speed ordinances ........................................... 263

AUTREFOIS, ACQUIT AND CONVICT. See CRIMINAL LAW.

Indictment showing ......................................... 66

BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCE. Forfeiture ......................... 1048



BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCE-Continued. Recovery of money deposited by bank....................... 662 Scire facias-return of writ.................................. 620

BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY. Adjudication of persons "engaged chiefly in farming"......... 834 Appointment of receiver of corporation because of insolvency-

trustee entitled to assets................................... 834

Bankruptcy debts-action by trustee to recover............... 939 Banks and banking................................263, 662, 1048 Concealm ent of assets ....................................... 835 Debt-note of firm to surety on bond........................ 836

Discharge-debt for child's clothing released ................. 749

Discharge in bankruptcy-refusal to answer incriminating questions ................................................ 836

Discharge in bankruptcy-sale of assets..................... 936 Election of trustee ......................................... 836

Exemption-partner retired from firm ........................ 939 Failure to appoint trustees.................................. 835 Franchise tax .................... ................. . 937 Husband and wife....................................... 263

Involuntary Proceedings-seizure of property................ 748

Marriage of bankrupt....................................... 749 Mutual accounts-set-off .................................... 833

Partnership ................................................ 936 Preferences in bankruptcy .................................. 833 Preferred creditors .......................................... 329

Procedure-reopening estate ................................ 836 Proof of claims in bankruptcy-surrender of preference...... 936

BANKS AND BANKING. Certificate of deposit ........................................ 502

Collections-negligence .................................... 263 Deposits ........................ ........................... 413 Draft with bill of lading attached ............................ 264 Effect of death of drawer of check-errors in act............ 508 Insolvency .......................... .................. 662

Insolvency-assumption of indebtedness .....................1048 Insolvency-preferences ...................... .............. 263 Lien ................................... 75 Title of bank in deposit................................. 625 Validity of customs.. ............................... 662

BAR ASSOCIATION. American Bar Association ............................. 496 Editorial ........................... ........ ... 256 Virginia State Bar Association.. ..................... 321, 407 West Virginia State Bar Association......................... 322

INDEX XII



BAR EXAMINATION. State bar examination at Richmond.......................... 841 State bar examination at Wytheville........................ 265

BASTARDY. Dismissal without prejudice.................................. 263 Legitimation ........................... .................... 506

BILLBOARDS. Regulation of . ..........................................744, 839

BILL OF DISCOVERY. Necessity of discovery....................................... 826

BILL OF LADING. See CARRIERS.

BILL OF REVIEW. Right of review-persons entitled...........................1041

BILLS, NOTES AND CHECKS. See NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS LAW.

Accommodation indorser .................................... 662 Alteration of interest clause................................. 661 Bona fide purchaser ...................................... 62,1048 Bona fide purchaser-checks................................. 625 Bona fide purchaser-due course of business.................. 371 Bona fide purchaser-question for jury ....................... 62 Bona fide purchaser-trustee in deed of trust.................. 371 Certainty of paym ent........................................ 413 Checks-deposit in bank-title of bank....................... 625 Discount of draft attached to order and delivery of freight....1040 Draft with bill of lading attached............................ 264 Indorsement by married women............................. 663 Indorsement procured by fraud............................... 413 Matter apparent from instrument............................ 371 Provision for attorney's fees................................. 796 Purchaser from bona fide purchasers.......................... 62 Repurchase of payee-evidence ... ............................ 62 Right to follow proceeds of draft into payee's bank............ 170 Trespass ................................................... 651

BOARD OF HEALTH. Licenses ....................................................29

BONDS. Estoppel to deny validity................................ 523

BOUNDARIES. Conflicting calls ..... ................ 731 Corners ... ...................... ....................... 731

INDEX XIII



XIV INDEX

BOUNDARIES-Continued. Distances ..................... ............... ...... .. 731 Evidence ........................... ....................... 650 Location of corners........................................ 731 Parol agreement-effect ..................................... 650

BREWING COMPANIES. Liability ................................................509, 659

BRIBERY. Evidence ................................................... 224 Weekly benefits ..................... ........ ....... 224

BROKERS. See AGENCY.

BURDEN OF PROOF. See EVIDENCE.

CARRIERS. See RAILROADS.

Assault on passengers..............................662 Baggage of infants .......................................... 264 Bill of lading-effect of transfer............................1040 Bill of lading-provisions-waiver............................ 559 Bill of lading- recording....................................1040 Bill of lading-rights of purchaser..........................1040 B lind persons .............................................. 170 Common carriers-who are..................................1048 Contributory negligence-standing on platform............75, 414 Conversion of goods by..................................... 660 Drover's free pass.........................................1048 Duty to carry passengers to destination ..................... 763

Ejection .................... ............................75, 662

Ejection-instructions ...................................... 721

Ejection-refusal to pay fare ............................... 721

Ejection-questions for jury................................. 721 Fires-burden of proof...................................... 170

Injuries to passengers-evidence............................. 737

Injuries to passengers-instructions.......................... 737 Injuries to passengers-proximate cause......................1050 Injuries to passengers-tort of service.................... 660 Jurisdiction and practice under the act of congress approved

June 11, 1906 .................................... 866 Legislative control-police power............................ 308 Loss of manuscript-measure of damages.................... 838 Mileage books ....... .................. . ........... 308 Misdirection of ticket agent................................ 663 Negligent injuries ........................................ 663



INDEX XV

CARRIERS-Continued.

Passengers-who are ........................................ 746

Proper place to alight....................................... 663 Railroad stations-lighting .................................. 413

Regulations of rates.........................................1009 Separation of white and colored passengers.................. 939

Sleeping car companies........ .............................. 76 Tickets and fares.......................................... 75

Transportation of live stock-failure to deliver............... 559 Transportation of live stock-negligence..................... 580

Validity of state statute prohibiting contracts of exemption by carriers concerning interstate commerce.................... 1

CEMETERY.

Right of way through........................................ 746

CHARITIES. Charitable institutions-injuries to servants.................. 745 Construction of deed....................................... 328 Educational institutions .................................... 663 Rule against perpetuities ............................... 1051 What is a public charity.....................................1051

CHATTEL MORTGAGES. After-acquired stock ....................................... 330 New security ........................................... .... 749 Parol chattel mortgage...................................... 938 Sale under pow er........ ................................... 503

CHILD LABOR. Regulation of .......................................... 744

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. Misdemeanor to give treatment.............................. 76

CHURCHMAN ACT.

Constitutionality ...................................302, 323, 399

CLUBS. Forfeiture of franchise....................................... 579 Ouster-misuse of franchise.................................. 579

CODES OF VIRGINIA. Code 1849, pp. 443, 444, ch. 96, ? 3 ...........................1020 Code 1873, ch. 178, ? 2...............................1020 Code 1887.

Section 23 ................... ................ 284 Section 488 ...................................... 32 Section 577 . ..............................379 Section 1042 .............................................. 55



XVI INDEX

CODES OF VIRGINIA-Continued. Section 3249 ....................................... .. 59 Section 3990 ............................... .... ....... .. 379

Code 1904. Section 6 ................................................. 284 Section 62 ................................................1020 Section 586a ............... ..............................1020 Section 567 ............................................... 493 Section 723 ...............................................42 Section 1042 ............................................. 61 Section 1104 ..............................................76 Section 1105a (2)..........................................333 Section 1105a (11) ......................................... 508 Section 1105e (2), (30)..................................... 508 Sections 1266-7-8 . ............. .........................333 Section 1269a ................. ......................... 333 Sections 1270-1-2-3-4-5-6-7 ................... .......... 333 Section 1271b .................................... 333 Section 1271c .................3..................... ..... 333 Section 1277a . ................. .................... 333 Section 1277b ............................................ 333 Section 1277d .............................................333 Sections 1278-9 ..................... ....................... 333 Section 1280 .............................................333 Sections 1282-3-4 . .........................................333 Section 1286 .. . ........................... 333 Section 1286b ............................................ 333 Section 1286c ................... .......................... 333 Section 1294a ................. ............... .......... 171 Section 1294b, cl. 3......................................... 64 Section 1294, cl. 62...................................... 65 Section 1294c (24) ........................................ 509 Section 1294d, cl. 38...................................... 65 Section 1294d, sub-sec. 24 .................................. 257 Section 1294k. ........................................... 433 Section 1294L .........................................1, 509 Section 1295 .............................................509 Section 1313a, cl. 46.......................................76 Sections 1682-3-4 ... .......................................414 Section 1733 .............................................. 75 Section 1743d . ......................... ................. 75 Section 1750 ........................... ................... 76 Sections 2086, 2087 ........ 576 Section 2120 ................... ..... .................. 576



INDEX XVII

CODES OF VIRGINIA-Continued. Section 2137 ...... ................. ..... .............. 577 Section 2220 ........... .................... . 257 Section 2415 ............................... ...... ....... .. 390 Section 2458 ........... ........ ...... . ............... .... 649 Section 2465. . ............................................1040 Section 2479 ........................... ............ ...... 80 Sections 2479, 2484.................................... 501 Section 2514 .................. ............ .. .... ... 327 Section 2521 . . ..... .................. .... 926 Section 2524 ............... ................... ..... 926 Section 2840 ................. ... ... .. .. ....... . 390 Section 2841a ........................................ 326 Section 2841a ............ .......... ...................... 371 Section 2841a ().......................................... 501 Section 2841a (5) .......................................... 501 Section 2860 ...... .................. ..... ....... 390 Section 2902 . . . ................ 244 Section 2902 ............................ ........ 917 Section 2903 .............................................. 244 Section 2906 .............................................. 244 Section 2949 .............................................. 332 Section 2950 .............................................. 332 Section 2981 ............................................... 649 Section 3158 ............................................. 921 Section 3211 .... .......................................... 669 Sections 3230-2 .............................. .......... 902 Section 3245 .............................................. 769 Section 3249 .............................................. 195 Section 3252 .............................................. 333 Section 3269 ............................................. 769 S ection 3271 .............................................. 195 Section 3271 .............................................. 769 Section 3298 .............................................. 59 Section 3333a ......................................1....... 61 Section 3346 ..............................................1025 Section 3395 .............. ... ................... 580 Section 3344a ......................................... 333 Section 3349. . ............................................1025 Section 3454 .............................................. 406 Section 3454. . .1041 Section 3464 .............................................. 492 Section 3528a ................................ ............ 391 Section 3577 ..... ......... ......... ..... .... 871 Section 3603 ................... .. ........... .............. 332.

-2



XVIII INDEX

CODES OF VIRGINIA-Continued. Section 3652b ............................................. 333 Section 3707 .............................................. 66 Section 3717 ....................... .42 Section 3859b .... ...................332 Section 3879 ............ ................. ............... 379 Section 3889 ....................... 58 Section 3898......................... 379 Section 3907 ........................66 Section 4075 .............................................. 379 Section 4106..............................................1029 Section 4108 .............................................. 58 Section 4190 ........................76

Page 231 ................................................. 284

Page 286 ............................................... 379

Page 522 .............................................. 405

Page 699 ............. ................. ............. 919

Page 1289 ................................................ 926

Page 1290 ............................................... 926

Page 1568 ................................................. 915

Page 1694 .. .................. 620 P age 1783 ................................. ............... 787

Page 1811 ................................................. 924

Page 1812 .............................................. 924

Page 1903 .............................................. 915

Page 1965 ......................... ...................... 379 Page 2099 .......................................... .... 379

Appendix 14 .................... 75

COMMERCE.

Regulation of .. .................. 665

COMMON LAW. Continuance in force..................... 12

CONFLICT OF LAWS. Exemption laws ........................................... 264

CONNECTING CARRIERS. See CARRIERS.

Liability of-important feature of new rate bill............... 509

CONSPIRACY.

Right to exclude person from theaters........................1050

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. See TAXATION.

Carrying out of constitution ........................... 12 Christian Science .. ..... ... ............ ................. .... 76



INDEX XIX

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-Continued. Churchman Act . ................................. 399

Compulsory vaccination ..................................... 75 Confrontation by witness................................. 590 Constitutional question-determination .......................1009 Construction of constitution ................................. 12 Curative acts ................................ 284 Directing verdict ............... ....................... 661 Due process of law .................................284,308,1009 Em inent dom ain ........................................... 991 General Assembly's power to appropriate money............. 331 Homicide-insanity ................... 414 Impairment of obligation of contract......................414, 589 Incrim ination of witness..................................... 589 Infraction of constitutional rights....... .... .. 12

Legislative authority ........................................ 284

Obligation of contract...... 589 Plum bers .................................. 75 Police pow er . .............................................. 308 Police power-shipment of fruit.... 264 Railroadc rate bill . ....................................... ... 302

Regulation of carriers...........................1009 Retrospective laws-validity ................................. 284

Right of trust to invoke constitutional protection... ... . 589

Self-executing provisions ....12 Separation of white and colored passengers ................... 939 Statute discriminating against patented article.... ... .. 746 Uniformity of taxation.. ... ......55, 385

CONSTITUTION OF VIRGINIA. Article 1, ? 6..................................... 12 A rticle 4, ? 58................................................ 12 Article 6, ? 88.....1020 A rticle 12, ? 155............................................. 566 Article 12, ? 153.. ...............................200 A rticle 13, ? 170 ............................................. 385 Article 13, ? 170. .............- 385 Article 117 .................................................. 55 Section 20 .................... .............................. 82 Section 52 ................................................ . 284 Section 156 (c) ......... .....................................1009 1902, ? 62................................................... 433 Section 165 .................................................. 76 Section 166 ................................................. 64 Schedule, ? 11 ............................................... 488

CONSTRUCTION OF WRITTEN INSTRUMENT. Equity jurisdiction ...... . ......................... 480



XX INDEX

CONTEMPT.

Contemnor's disabilities ..................................... 170 Labor organization-punishment of individual members....... 837 Misconduct towards judge.................................. 664 Powers of committing magistrate...... ...................... 414

CONTINUANCES. .... ....................................................... 827

CONTRACTS. See ILLEGAL CONTRACTS.

Certainty .......................... ....................... 922 Consideration-mutual promises ............................. 57 Consideration-seal ............................. 466 Construction ......... ................ ................. 739 Construction-contract of employment...........6........... 6S7

Construction-duration ..................................... 406 Continuance ................. ..................... 922 Contract of employment-burden of proof ................... 687 Contract of employment-recoupment....................... 687 Contract of employment-skill and knowledge............... 687 Contracts of employment-weight and sufficiency of evidence.. 687 Entire or severable contracts ................................ 687 Implied contracts ........................................... 505 Legality of consideration........... .......................... 170 Lowest responsible bidder ............. ...................... 745 Mutuality .............................. ......... 327 Privity ............... ............................... 390 Rescission-restitution ................................... 327 Seal ........................................... 466 Termination ..................................... 922 Validity of contract with foreign corporation ................ 414

CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE. Accidents at crossings... ..................................... 65 Buildings near railroad tracks................................ 9 Burden of proof ....................... ................. .. 9 Last clear chance.............................. 915 Licensee on railroad track................................909,915 Master and servant......433, 503,525, 579, 883, 1037 Question for jury................................... 9 Standing on platform of train............................75, 414 Walking on railroad track................................... 493

CONVERSION AND RECONVERSION. Conversion of goods by carriers............................. 660

COOLING TIME. Assault and battery .................................... 263



INDEX XXI

COPYRIGHT. Infringement of ................ .................. 660 Unauthorized use of literary production....................... 664

CORPORATIONS. See FOREIGN CORPORATIONS; STOCK AND STOCK

HOLDERS. Charter-construction ................................ 577 Dissolution .6..6............. ........................ 664 Dissolution of-recent amendment......................... 508 Identity-change of name.................................. 576 Powers ................................................... 577 Promoters-liability of ............................... 327 Purchase of its own stock .. ............. .................... 664 Refusal of directors to carry out resolution of shareholders.. 835 Registered bonds-agency ................................... 171 Reorganization of insurance company........................ 60 Resolution of majority shareholders for sale of undertaking.. 835 Ultra vires act............................................577, 662 U ltra vires contract.......................................... 162

COURTS. Appellate courts-grounds of jurisdictin.................... 1020 Opinions-questions not raised by record.................... 632

COVENANTS. Deeds of another-assumption.............................. 390 Implied covenant in oil and gas lease........................ 744

CRIMINAL LAW. See VERDICT.

Appeal-record . .................................. 379 Former jeopardy ........................................... 769 Limitation of prosecution................................... 379 Objectionable question-harmless error...................... 58 Plea of autrefois, acquit and convict.... ...................... 36 Plea of res judicata.. . .................................. . 36 Questions by jurymen..... .............................. 412 Reception of evidence-election between acts proved..........1040

CROSSINGS. Accidents at crossings-admissibility of evidence............. 65 Compulsory building of railroad crossings.................... 937 Contributory negligence .................................... 65 Dtities of railroads in approaching.......................... 28 Duty to look and listen .. ................ .......... .. 65 Frightening teams ....... ............................ 30 Frightening teams-sufficiency of declaration................. 31 Location-question involved .............................. ... 64



XXII INDEX

CROSSINGS-Continued. Notice of proposed crossings......... ....................... 64 Propriety of crossings-determination........................ 64 Railroads crossing other railroads-proceedings before com-

missions ............. ...................... ............ 64 Signals-overhead bridges ................................... 331 Sufficiency of evidence.................................... 65 Warning signals ........................................ . 257

DAMAGES. Evidence ........................... ...................... 883 False representations ........................................ 625 Grounds of compensatory damages........................... 883 Measure of damages-evidence............................... 328 Personal injuries-measure of damages....................... 328

DEATH BY WRONGFUL ACT. Burden of proof.............................................. 922 Collision with trains at crossings.......................... 65 Distribution of recovery ..4....... ........................ .. 415 Evidence ...................................... ......... 505 Evidence-admissibility ................................... 433 Master and servant.......................................... 922 Master and servant-question for jury........................1037 Pleading ................................ 489 Proximate cause.. ............ ....................1037 Proximate cause-question for jury.......................... 433 Railroad-declaration ...................................... 433 Res adjudicata ............................................. 244 Right to sue-nonresident alien beneficiaries. ................ 917

DECLINE OF LITIGATION. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. 16 3, 58 1

DEDICATION. Abandonment ............ .................................. 607 Acceptance and consummation............................. 607

DEEDS. Construction ............................................... 328 Construction-grantee of partnership......................... 328 Construction of deed of minerals............................. 590 Construction-rights of fishery............................... 576 Reservation of standing timber.... ........................... 925 Special warranty-quiet possession.......................... 643

DEEDS OF TRUST. See MORTGAGES AND DEEDS OF TRUST.



INDEX XXIII

DEFAULT JUDGMENTS. See JUDGMENTS AND DECREES.

DELAY IN LEGAL PROCEDURE. .......... ........ ...................... .............. 4416 DELAY OF THE LAW.

............. .................................................. 845

DEMURRER. Admissions by ......................................... 877 Amended petition ................................... ..... 559 Declaration ................................................ 433 General demurrer .......................................... 882 Several counts ............................................ 489 To evidence-determination ................................ 494 To evidence-new act concerning................... 195, 275, 355

DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION. Advancements-bringing property into hotchpot.......... 611, 612 Effect of advancement......... .............................. 611 Election between advancement and share..................... 611 Interest ................ ............................... 612 Right of murderer to inherit from victim...................... 839

DISSENTING OPINION. Editorial .................. ................... ............. 930

DISTURBANCE OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. ........................................................... ...9937

DIVORCE. A recent decision......................................... 164 Conflict of laws............................................ 495 Decree .................................................... 507 Enforcement of divorce decree in other states ................ 100 Illegal contracts............................................ 663 National divorce congress................................. 667 Uniform divorce law................................... 495, 656 Vagrancy as grounds for................................... 941

DOWER. Right of dower barred by judicial sales. ....... 1049

DRAINS, DITCHES AND SEWERS. Chicago drainage case .................................... 665

DRUNKARDS. Commitment of drunkards to hospital.... 938

DUE PROCESS OF LAW. See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.



XXIV INDEX

DUPLICITY. See PLEADING.

DURESS. Labor union .................... ................. . 666 Ordinances .............. .................................. 415

DYING DECLARATION. Sense of impending death.................................... 328

EASEMENTS. Abandonment ....................... ... 535

Party walls................................................ 940

EDITORIAL. American Bar Association........................... .. 496

Anti-Monopoly Laws ...... ...................... 163 A Recent Divorce Decision..................... ...... 164 A Resurrection .................. . ............ 828 Celebration of Marriage........................... .... 257 Churchman Rate Bill Held Unconstitutional.................. 323

Concerning the Present Editor .............................. 256 Criminal Responsibility for Negligence....................... 742 Criminal Responsibility for Negligence....................... 829 Criticism of Judges................................. 930 Decline of Litigation .............................. 163, 581

Dissenting Opinions................. ............... 930 "Divided" Courts.........................................1044 Federal Employers' Liability Act............................ 929 Haddock v. Haddock...................................... 495 Interstate Commerce .....................................1043 James Wilson of Pennsylvania............................ 740

Presumptions 742 Railroad Rate Bill........................ ...... 70, 164 Reversals .................. .............................. 829

Revocability of Pardon................... .............. 410

Right of Attorneys to Withdraw from Case.................. 409 Rule Limiting Time of Argument............................ 653

Salutatory ................................ ....... 68

Standing of State Reports................................ 412

Testimony of Deceased Witness on Former Trial............. 322 The Jury System..................................... 69 The Law on Trial..................... 740 The State Bar Association.................................. 256 The Virginia State Bar Association.......................... 407 To Contributors ........................................... 323



INDEX XXV

EDITORIAL-Continued. Uniform Act on Negotiable Instruments.............. .. 497 Uniform Divorce Law.................................... 656 Virginia State Bar Association............................. 321 Volume 104 of Virginia Reports.............................. 583 105th V irginia ..............................................1046

Warning Signals at Crossings ... ............................. 257 West Virginia State Bar Association......................... 322 What Constitutes a Good Lawer.......... .................. 927 Woolsey of Yale on National Divorce Laws.................. 652 Work of the Supreme Court. .... ............................ 582

EDUCATION. Educational Institutions .................................... 663

EJECTMENT. Adverse possession .....................................5. 7, 632 Burden of proof.................................. ........ 649 Evidence ... . .. ....................... 57 Instructions ... ................................ 632 Judgmenit--parties-disclaimer ....... ......................1039 Limitation of actions.. ............. ..... .... 649 Title ........ ........... ............. 57

ELECTIONS. Municipal corporations ...................................... 894 Primary election statutes................................ 666, 940

ELECTRIC LIGHTS. Discrimination in rates.. ............................. 937

ELECTRIC WIRES. Stringing ............ ..................... ................. 415

ELEVATORS. Liability of owner of passenger elevator....... ...... 661

EMBEZZLEMENT. By public officer........................................... 42 Evidence-practice in similar cases.......................... 42 Indictm ent for .................. . .......................... 42 Restitution as defense........................................ 42 Sufficiency of evidence....................................... 42 Venue ..................................................... 42

EMINENT DOMAIN. Alteration of grade of highway .............................. 12 Compensation ................ ............................ 12 Compensation, assessment of................................ 577 Compensation-value . .................................... 578



XXVI INDEX

EMINENT DOMAIN-Continued. Construction of mining roads and tramways.................. 415 Construction of Virginia Constitution........................ 991

Corporate stock ......... .................................. 414

Crossings ................ ........................... 64 Damage of property-constitutional provision................ 12 Instructions to commissioners................ ................ 577 Measure of damages......................................... 12

Municipal corporations-power of council to condemn........ 607 Nature of action ..... ..................... ... 12 Nuisances. .............................. 991 Private railways ..... ......................... 415

Right of way through cemetery.............................. 746

Right to nominal damages............................ 12 \What constitutes public use.............. .............. 77

ENTICEMENT. Action for ................................................. 328

EQUITY. Anlendment of bill .. ........................... 648

Jurisdiction of facts-proof............................. 826 Master's report-exceptions-who may take.................. 737

Pleading ........... . .................. 406

Pleading-amendment of bill............................... 406

Pleading-answer under oath...............................104 Pleading-equity for amendment of bill to conform to proof.. 491

Pleading-implied ruling-demurrers ........................ 651

Pleading-new case....................................... 406

Subjects of jurisdiction-construction of written instrument.. 480

ESTOPPEL. Assignments ................... .................... 171 Bonds .. ..................5............. 523 Claims to property.................... ........... 871 Indorsement ................... ....... ............. 663 In pais-claims to land.................................. 650 In pais-rent ........................................ 507

M\ortgages and deeds of trust................................ 798 Writ of error.................................... 433 W ritten Statements................ ........................ 541

EVIDENCE. Accidents at Crossings ................... .......... 65

Admissibility as to the act of defendants and others.......... 433 Admissions ............................................. . 632 Admissions after termination of estate....................... 632

Competency of witness...................................... 379



INDIEX XXVII

EVIDENCE-Continued. Compromise agreement..................................... 632 Contract of employment..................................... 687

Credibility of witness-cross-examination.................... 433

Credibility of witness--unfriendly feeling..................... 737 Cross-examination ........................................ 687 Damages ........ ................................ 883 Death by wrongful act...................................... 65 Dying declaration ........................................ 328 Examination of non resident corporate officers................ 839 Exclusion of evidence-general objections.................... 632 Exclusion of evidence-harmless error..................... 65, 737 Experiment ............. ............................ 837 Expert testimony ........................................ 12, 687 False imprisonment ........................................ 172 Foreign laws ....... .......................................1038 Fraud and deceit............................. 162 Fraud and deceit-burden of proof......................... 448 Fraudulent and voluntary conveyances ......................1040 General objections....... ........................... 559 Hearsay evidence ........................................ 466 Hearsay evidence-recitals in papers............. . 54 Injury to property during levy.................... .. 916 Intoxicating liquors ........................................ 58 Malicious prosecution ............... 153 Malicious prosecution-admissibility. ......................... 540 Master and Servant..................................... 648, 827 Measure of damages........................................ 328

Negligence ....... .................................. 54 Opinion . ........................................ 63.3 Parol Evidence ......................................... 466 Parol evidence-admissibility ............................... 162 Parol evidence-explanation of written contracts ............. 925 Presumption arising from refusal to testify.................. 62 Privilege of refusing to testify............................. 327 Punishment for felony....................................... 379 Relevancy-immaterial issues ............................... 632 Res Geste. ........ ..... .................. 540 Self-incrimination of witness....................... 589 Street railroads ................................... 919 Testimony of deceased witness on former trial........... 322, 755 Transaction of deceased person-competency. ................1024 Witness-cross-examination ................................ 433

EXCEPTIONS, BILL OF. Exceptions to instructions............................. 915



XXVIII INDEX

EXCEPTIONS, BILL OF-Continued. Necessity ................................................... 918 Time for filing-extension of time........................... 523

EXECUTION. Proceedings by interrogatories against execution debtor...... 332

EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS. Assets-action for death..................................... 505 Limitation of action........................................ 919

EXEMPTIONS. Bankrupt's marriage subsequent to adjudication.............. 749 Conflict of laws.......................................... 264 Forced sale ............................. ................... 507

EXPERIMENTS. See EVIDENCE.

EXPERT TESTIMONY. See EVIDENCE.

EXTRADITION. Rule governing.............................................. 76

FALSE IMPRISONMENT. Evidence ..................................... ............ 172 Probable Cause .................................... 172

FALSE REPRESENTATION. Set-Off ............................ 625

FALSE SWEARING. Instructions ........................................... 448 Federal employers' liability act. ........................... 929

FELLOW SERVANTS. Car inspector and switchman................................ 78 Mine boss .................................................. 917 Superintendent and workman ................................1037 VWhat constitutes relation of............................... 502

FIRE ESCAPES Official approval ......................... 505

FIRES. Burden of proof............................................ 170 Contributory negligence.................................... 9 Negligence question for jury............................... 9 Operation of railroads ...................................... 9 Railroads ...... ........................................... 505 Threshing machines ................. . 505



INDEX XXIX

FISH AND FISHERIES. See OYSTERS.

Licenses ............................................... 576 Obstruction of fishing rights................................. 576

Rights of fishery............................................. 576

FIXTURES. Eviction of tenant............................................ 78 Trade fixtures .............................................. 507

FOREIGN CORPORATIONS. Business taxes .............................................. 76 Contracts ................................................. 414 Failure to comply with statute-liability of officers........... 405 Limitation of actions-right to plead ........................ 78 Revocation of license....................................... 414 Service of process........................................... 664 Suits against .............................................. 76

FOREIGN LAWS. Judicial notice-proof ......................................1038

FORGERY. Negligently uttering ........................................ 661 What constitutes ........................................... 505

FORMER ADJUDICATION OR RES ADJUDICATA. Federal courts ............................................. 1009

FRANCHISE. Forfeiture ................................................ 579 Misuse of franchise .......................................... 579

FRATERNAL INSURANCE. Membership ............................................... 506

FRAUD AND DECEIT. Burden of Proof ............................................ 448 Evidence-character of proof................................. 162 Fraud of agent............................................... 52 Instructions ............................................... 162

Negotiable instruments ...................................... 413

FRAUDS, STATUTE OF. Construction .......... .............. .......... 390

FRAUDULENT AND VOLUNTARY CONVEYANCES. Burden of proof-subsequent creditor......................... 649 Cancellation ............................... ................ 506 Conveyance from husband to wife-consideration-burden of

proof ....................................................1042



XXX INDEX

FRAUDULENT AND VOLUNTARY CONVEYANCES- Continued.

Evidence-sufficiency-general rules . ........................1040 Fraudulent transfer of entire stock of goods.................. 936 Receiver pendente lite-when not appointed ................... 748 Remedies of creditors........................................ 649

GAME LAWS.

Express company receiving shipment of game............... 747

Application of .......................... ................... 940

GAS.

Injunction against wasting natural gas....................... 77

Stealing gas ............................................... 838

GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

Right to appropriate money ........................... 331

GIFTS.

Deposits in bank ................................. 50

HABEAS CORPUS. Bankrupt .................................................... 834

HEALTH ORDINANCE. Liability of inspector for condemnation of sound food........ 326

HEARSAY EVIDENCE. See EVIDENCE.

HOMICIDE.

Degrees-burden of proof.................................. 769 Manslaughter through negligence ............................ 659 Trespass ................................ 506

HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS.

Support and maintenance-legality of consideration-future- acquired property .............. ............. 170

HUSBAND AND WIFE. Antenuptial contract-construction .................. ... . 480 Bankruptcy .. .. ............................ 263 Indorsement by married women.............................. 663 W ife assuming husband's name .............................. 751

ILLEGAL CONTRACTS. Divorce ........................................ 663 Inducing breach of trust .................................. 714 Specific performance ................................ 504

IMPAIRMENT OF OBLIGATION OF CONTRACT. See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.

IMPLIED CONTRACTS. Services by members of family............................... 505



INDEX XXXI

IMPLIED RULING. Injunction ........................... 651

INDICTMENTS, INFORMATIONS AND PRESENTMENTS. Allegation of previous conviction. ........................... 66 Amendment-time of offense................................ 1039 Conviction of lesser offense........ .. ...................... 769 Variance .................................... 42 Violation of revenue laws ................................ 1029

INFANTS. Child labor .............................. 744

Custody of children ......................................... 661

Right to recover for loss of baggage.......................... 264

INJUNCTION. Abutting Owners ........................ .... .. ..... 77

Adequate remedy at law .................................493, 651 E vidence ......................... ......................... 24 Interference with employment.................... 224 Intimidation ............................................... 224 Nuisances ..... . ......................... 921

Quitting employment . .............................. 224 Wasting natural gas ........... ...................... 77

INSANITY. Committees-appointment-next friend ...................... 791 Homicide .................................................. 414 Suit by next friends......................................... 791

INSTRUCTIONS. Abstract propositions of law.................................. 54

Assumption of facts..................................... 448, 632

Changing language of requested instruction ................... 737

Conformity to proof......................................... 883 Curative effect on wrongful admission of evidence............ 883

Curing effect of improper argument ......... ................ 42 D ischarge of servant ................. ...................... 63

Ejection of passengers....................................... 721

Ejectment ............... ...................... 632 Eminent Domain .......................................... 577

Exceptions to ........................................ ...... 915 Form .. ... ............................... .. 687 Harmless error-separate estate of married women-equitable

estates ... .... . .............. 650 Inconsistent instructions ............ 541

Levy . ....... . .. .................................... 916 Malicious prosecution ....................................... 540



XXXII INDEX

INSTRUCTIONS-Continued. Master and servant................................. 923 Misdirectioin-assumption of prejudice....................... 579 Must be based on evidence................................. 162 Negligence ..................... .. .......... .........580 Presentation of whole case................................... 63 R epetition of ........ ....................................... 42 Requests ................................................... 737 Request to charge .......................................... 661 Review ................................................... 77 Sales ................. .................. ................. 921 Submission of matters not in issue........................... 915 Sufficiency ... ............................................ 63 Sufficiency of evidence to authorize.......................... 54 Want of probable cause ..................................... 541 Waters and watercourses .................................... 492 Whlen proper-absence of pleading........................... 162

INSURANCE. Action on policy-defense of fraud-instructions.............. 448 Action on policy-evidence................................... 448 Assessment policy ......................................... 506 Change of "interest" of insured.............................. 588 Election of commissioner-commissioner of insurance........ 566 False swearing ............................................. 448 Fire insurance-construction of policy........................1040 Foreign insurance company-revocation of license............ 414 Fraternal orders-membership ................ .............. 506 Insolvency-preferred creditors ............................. 329 Marine insurance ............................................ 507 Misstatement in proofs of loss.............................. 448 Mutual benefit by-law................................... .. 588 Mutual benefit societies ................................... 877 Mutual insurance company-reorganization................... 660 New insurance act................................... 333 New scheme for insurance................................... 942 Waiver of additional insurance clause ........................ 660

INTEREST. Demand of principal-necessity ..............................1042 Descent and distribution ............ ................. 611 Receivers ................................................. 924

"INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS." M eaning of term ............................................ 171

INTERPRETATION AND CONSTRUCTION. See CONTRACTS, DEEDS.

Contract of employment.............................. 687



INDEX XXXIII

INTERPRETATION AND CONSTRUCTION-Continued. Contracts .......................................... 739 Deeds-sale of standing timber ............................. 925 Mining leases .............................................. 739 W ills ................. ...... ........... . .......... .... 1038

INTERSTATE COMMERCE. Automatic couplers-statutory provisions ..................... 882 Editorial ........................ .......... ....... 1043 Intoxicating liquors ......................... .......... 77 Preference and discrimination by railroads................... 589 Regulation of freight rates.................................. 942

Validity of state statute prohibiting contracts of exemption... 1 What constitutes .............. ..................... 55

INTOXICATING LIQUORS. Bonds for observance of law-authority to require ............ 523

Charge of offense-sufficiency................................. 58 Clubs ........................................... 579 C. O. D. shipment-constitutionality of statutes.............. 329 Distinct offenses ........................................... 58 Evidence .................... ...................... 58 Grant of license-right of appeal..............................1020 Indictment-designation of purchaser ..................... ... 1029 Indictments ......... ........................ 029 Interstate commerce ....................................... 77 Limitation of prosecution............................ 379 Prosecutions-general and special laws....................... 379 Punishment-statutory provision ............................ 58 Sale on ferry boats.........................................507 Sales without license ............................... 379 Sufficiency of indictment.. .............................. 1030

IRREVOCABLE COVENANT. Specific performance .......................... .......... 466

JOINT ADVENTURE. Illegal contracts ............................................ 714

JUDGES. Compensation ....................... ................... 334 Criticism of-editorial ...................... ....... . 930

JUDGMENT. Suretyship ................................................ 920

JUDGMENTS AND DECREES. Conclusiveness-persons concluded-persons not parties...... 462 Conclusiveness-persons concluded-consenting parties....... 462

-3



XXXIV INDEX

JUDGMENTS AND DECREES-Continued. Default-process to sustain evidence......................... 737 Divorce ........................................ 507 Full faith and credit.. ................................... 100

JUDICIAL NOTICE. Charter of city............................................ 66 Facts of ordinary knowledge ............................ 433 Foreign laws ............................................ 1038

JUDICIAL SALES. Right of dower barred. ...................... 1049

JURISDICTION. Adverse claimant-property sold and paid for prior to adju-

dication ............................................... 749 Appellate courts-constitutional question ...................1020 Averment-sufficiency .................... .................. 687 Real property of nonresident.......................... 902

JURY. Competency of jurors-prior service..........................1030 Disqualification of jurors-expressions as to guilt.......... 42 Jury duty ................................... 591 Quality of jurors- editorial ..................... ............ 430 Question by ....................... ................ 412 Selection of panel-statutory provisions..................... 922

LABOR. Members of labor organization punished for contempt....... 837 Duress of labor union......................... ......... 666 Regulation of hours of labor................................ 747 Rights of laborers to organize............................... 1050 Trade union-discrimination against members................1049

LAND LAWS. Desired changes in our land law.............................. 978

LANDLORD AND TENANT. Contagious diseases ........................................ 748 Eviction . ............................................ 78 Fixtures ................................................. 78 Leases .................................................. 78 Liability of lessee of state property for license tax 32 Mining leases .............................................. 739 Repossession of rented piano ............................... 938

LARCENY. Gas ......................................................838 Indictment-sufficiency of ................................. 66 W ages ........................ ............................ 507



INDEX XXXV

LIBEL AND SLANDER. Liability of managing editor................................ 746 Libel by unauthorized publication ............................ 665

LICENSES. Appeals ................................................ ....1020 Constitutional provision ........................... 55

Exemptions ................................ 32 Fisheries .................................. .............. 576 Infringement .................. ........ ............. 171 Intoxicating liquors-ferry boats. ................... . 507 Merchants ............... ............................. 55 Negativing ................................................1029 Peddling tea and coffee...................................... 665 Persons taxable ............................... 55 Power to tax ............................................. 55 Recovery of license tax paid................................. 61 Revocability by board of health ............................. 329 Revocation of license-foreign insurance company............ 414 Right of municipalities to impose............................ 32 Taxes on clubs .............................................. 61 To post advertisements-revocability ......................... 329 Uniformity of tax........................................... 55

LIENS. Foreign corporations ....................................... 76 Priorities-judicial sales-purchase price......................871

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. Action by state agency...................... ............... 60 A ction for state ........ ............... ..................... 60 Action in name of state ..................................... 60 Claims of state...................................... 60 Computation ............................ ........ 919 Disability of parties-ejectment ............................. 649 Executors and administrators ............................ 919 Foreign corporations ................. ..................... 78 Judgment .................................................. 871 Judgment-computation of time............................ 871 Pendency of litigation............................ 919 Recovery of land-possession ................................ 649 Removal of bat ....... ................................. 502 Sealed instruments ........................................ 687 Subscriptions ................... ........ ................ 502 When an action is begun so as to stop the running of......675, 840

LIS PENDENS. Notice . .................. .......... .............. 915



XXXVI INDEX

LOANS. Oppression and unfairness-relief in equity.................. 171

LOGS AND LOGGING. Floatage of logs...........................1036

LOST PROPERTY. Guaranty . ......................................... ........ 328

MAGISTRATES. Civil liability for judicial acts................. ............ 77

MALICIOUS PROSECUTION. Absence of probable cause-sufficiency of evidence............ 153 Acts of agents-liability of defendant....................... 153 Advice of counsel-essentials of defense ................... 153 B urden of proof............................................. 153 Effect of acquittal of criminal charge ................. 541

Evidence-admissibility ............ .................. 540

Evidence-sufficiency of .................................153,542 Instructions-want of probable cause ......................... 541 Malice want of probable cause............................... 153 Measure of damages-instructions............................ 542 Probable cause-sufficiency of evidence .. .................... 542

Requisites of action-termination of prosecution .............. 153

MANDAMUS. Salaries of public officers .................................... 502

MARINE INSURANCE. Negligence of m aster ........................................ 507

MARITIME LIENS. Money advanced........................................... 78

MARRIAGE. Celebration of ................ . ...... 257

MASTER AND SERVANT. Assumption of risk ................... ..172, 329, 330, 433, 1037 Assumption of risk-impact of train ......................... 79 Assumption of risk--sufficiency of evidence .. ...... 648 Charitable institutions ................. . .. 745 Concurrent negligence of master and fellow servant.. ...... 787 Contract of employment-duties of servant. . . ..... 63 Contributory negligence . ... ..........433, 503, 883 Contributory negligence-question for jury........ 579 Death of engineer-proximate cause... ................. 433 Discharge of servant-actions-instructions.. ................ 63 Duty of master-reasonable care .............................923 Duty to warn or instruct.. . ........... ...503



XXXVII

MASTER AND SERVANT-Continued. Evidence-acts of defendant and others ...................... 433 Evidence as to negligence ................................... 54 Habits and character of servant.............................. 330

Independent contractor ..................................... 330

Injuries to servant....................................... 52, 648

Injuries to servant-burden of proof .......................... 827

Injuries to servant-contributory negligence.............525,1037 Injuries to servant-issues and proof.........................1037 Injuries to servant-negligence............................... 917

Injuries to servant-proximate cause........................ 1037

Injuries to servant-question for jury ....................787,1037 Injuries to servant-sufficiency of declaration................ 923

Injuries to servant-sufficiency of evidence................... 827

Liability of master for torts of servant....................... 172

Liability of master for acts of servants........................ 79 N egligence ................ ... ....................433, 922

Negligence of master................................. 54

Negligence of master question for jury....................... 579 Safe appliances. ............................. 54, 78, 330, 433, 747 Safe appliances-duty to inspect ............................. 502 Safe appliances-selection of servant.......................... 52 Safe place to work..................................659, 827, 917 Safe place to work-knowledge of master.. ...................1037

MECHANIC'S LIEN. Notice required to make owner personally liable.............. 501 Priorities among subcontractors.. ........................... 501 When notice must be given to render owner personally liable

to subcontractor .......................................... 80

MILK DEALERS. Police power ........................................... 503

MINES AND MINERALS. Construction of deed of minerals............................. 590 Estates created ............................................. 632 Implied covenant in oil and gas lease...... .................. 744 Incidental rights ........................................... 739 Leases-construction ....................................... 739 Reasonable use ............................................. 739 Separate ownership of minerals in land.... ................. 632

MISCELLANY. An appeal to lawyers.. ....................................... 591 A new scheme for insurance................................. 943 A poem, by the Hon. Chas. T. Lassiter........ ............... 508 Bar examinations ........................................265, 841

INDEX



MISCELLANY-Continued. Dissolution of corporations . ................................. 508 Effect of the death of the drawer of a check. ............ 508 Efficiency of appellate courts................... 667 Jury duty ................................................... 591

Lawyers as law reformers................................... 750 Liability of connecting carriers .. .................. 509 Liability of owner of stray animals to cyclists and autoists.... 942 Mechanics' liens ........................................... 80 National divorce congress ................... ... 667 Proceeding by interrogatories against execution debtor....... 332 Solar time or standard time................................. 668 The law's delay ..........................................416, 845 The new act concerning automobiles.......................... 332 The new insurance act ....................................... 333 The pay of judges........................................... 334 Time ..................... ................ ................ 265 Trial by newspaper............................... 333 "Ultra vires" borrowing and surrogation. ..................... 846 Wife assuming husband's name............................... 751

MORTGAGES AND DEEDS OF TRUST. Deed by trustee under deed of trust-recital.................. 161 Foreclosure and conduct of sale. ............................. 1035 Foreclosure and sale in parcel................................1035 Foreclosure and sale-vacation-accounting.. .................1036 Foreclosure-estoppel ..................................... 798 Foreclosure-rights of trespassers............................ 504 Foreclosure-sale-notice .................. ............ 161 Foreclosure-stifling in bidding-burden of proof.............1036 Foreclosure-vacation .............................. ........ 798 Transfer of dower as consideration for deed of trust.......... 834

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. See LICENSES; TAXATION.

Election of officers........................................... 894 Fire limits-wooden buildings................................ 662 Injunction against improvements............................. 77 Legislative authority ................ ....................... 330 Liability for negligence................................... 504 Municipal construction of auditorium ......................... 940 Ordinances-presumptions ................................... 32 Power of council to condemn land........................... 607 Sew ers ................... ................... ............ 415 When state abolishes or alters same... 175

MUTUAL INSURANCE. Construction of mutual benefit by-law....................... 588

XXXVIII NDIEX



INDEX XXXIX

MUTUAL INSURANCE-Continued. Contract-subsequent amendment to by-laws................ 877 Defense of suicide ................................. 877 Reorganization of company .................................. 660

MUTUAL PROMISES. See CONTRACTS.

NAVIGABLE WATERS. What constitutes navigability........................... 1036

NEGLIGENCE. Banks and banking........................................ 263 Criminal responsibility for negligence.................... 742, 829 Degree of care......................... .......... 909 Degree of care-owrlers of places of amusement.............. 330 Evidence, ...... .. .. ......................... 54 Floods-accrual of action ................................ 1048 Injuries to animals in transportation......................... 580 Injuries to children-turntable ............................... 235 Instructions ....... .......................... 580 Liability of manufacturer for negligence.. .................... 659 Liability of municipal corporations........................... 504 Master and servant.................................... . 54 Pleading-duty ...... ...... .................... 489 Question for jury................................. 579 Release of dam ages ......................................... 413 Res ipsa loquitur ....................................... 328

NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT LAW. See BILLS, NOTES AND CHECKS.

Bona fide holder.. .............................. .. 326 Certificate of deposit negotiable 5........................ . 501 Effect of authorizing confession of judgment before maturity.. 501 Purchase from fiduciary.......... ..................... 263 Uniform act on negotiable instruments...................... 497 What affects negotiability ................................... 501

NEW CASE. Pleading ..... .............................. 406

NEWLY-DISCOVERED EVIDENCE. Practice .................................................... 413

NEW TRIAL. Weight of evidence ....... .............1037

NOVATION. Taking of new security.................... ......... 749



NUISANCES. Abatement ..................................... ........ 921

Lawful business ............... ............................. 330

Legalizing nuisances .................... .................... 992

Legislative sanction as defense .............................. 330 Public service corporation-matters of private nature.......... 200 Smoke- noise and vibration.................................. 992

OFFICERS AND AGENTS OF PRIVATE CORPORATIONS. See CORPORATIONS.

OPINION.. See EVIDENCE.

ORDER OF PROOF. Admission of evidence after demurrer to evidence............. 787

ORDINANCES. See MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.

Health ordinance of the city of Richmond.................... 326 Private nuisance-barking of dogs............................ 921 Sale of milk . .......................................... 503 Street railroads-construction ............................. 405 Street railroad-validity ............................. 405

OYSTERS. Assignment of location...................................... 577

Rights of assignee of oyster beds............................. 577

PARDON.

Revocability ........................ 410

PARLIAMENTARY LAW.

Right of city council to reconsider vote ...................... 84

PAROL EVIDENCE. See EVIDENCE.

PARTIES. Real party in interest-determination......................... 60

PARTITION.

Adjustment of equities-effect of advancements............... 611 N otice ................... .............. ................... 5 53 Sale-title of purchaser restricted by decree .................. 53

PARTNERSHIP. Bankruptcy and insolvency ................................. 936

Liability of retired partner................................... 939 Suit for settlement-pleadings-evidence ..................... 491

PARTY WALLS. Conveyances ......... ....................... ........... 53

INDEX XL



INDEX XLI

PARTY WALLS-Continued Cost of rebuilding-division of ............................... 53 Creation .................. 53 Easem ents ......... ....................................... 940 Presumption ................................ ............. 53 Rebuilding of wall ................................ 53

Rights of proprietors as to increase of height of wall.......... 53

PASSENGERS. Acts of other passengers................................ 737

PATENTS. Discrimination against .......... ............... 746

PAYMENT. Application .............................................. 920 M istake in paym ent.......... ... ........................... 837 Rights of sureties........................................ 920

PERJURY. Bankrupt indicted for perjury before referee.................. 936

PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Operation without consent of patient-liability ..... 331 Privileged communications .................................. 504

PLEADING. See EQUITY.

Acts to simplify pleading and practice..................... 669 Amendment ..... ............................... .......559,687 Bill of particulars-necessity ................................ 919 Contracts-reference in pleading . . ................... 559 Death by wrongful act.............. ........................ 489 Declaration . . . ................. 433 Declaration-requisites in general ................ 923 Declaration-sufficiency of ................................. 488 Duplicity ................................ 882

Equity ....................................... ........406, 491 Form in general-rules of railroad companies................. 882 Misjoinder of parties-abatement and revival .... . 390 Negligence ..................... ............. 489 Several counts-demurrer to declaration...................... 489 Statement of defense-sufficiency ........................... 59 Suit for settlement by partnership............................ 491 Sworn bill ........................................... 491

POLICE POWER. See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.

Adulteration of milk ............ 503



XLII INDEX

POLICE POWER-Continued. Milk dealers ........................... ................ 503 Sale of m ilk ................................................. 503 Tenement houses ............ . ..................... 170

PRESUMPTION AND BURDEN OF PROOF. See EVIDENCE.

Death by wrongful act ............................... 922 Fraudulent and voluntary conveyances ........................ 649 Fraudulent and voluntary conveyances-interest-time of com-

putation .................................. .............1042 Homicide ........................... 769

Illiteracy-evidence .................... 632 Malicious prosecution ...................................... 153 Master and servant. ................................. ... 827

"Presumptions"-editorial ................. .................. 742

Recovery of land ....................6........ . . . 49

Stifling bidding-foreclosure sale.............................1036 Title to land ...................................... .......... 632

PRIVATE HIGHWAYS. Eminent domain ............................... ............ 415

PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS. Physicians and surgeons.......................... 504

PROCESS. Amended declaration . ....................................... 559

Appearance as waiver of ..................................... 559 New summons-service ..................... ................ 559 Publication . ................................................ 902 Service of process in foreign corporations..................... 664

PUBLIC LANDS. Conflicting grants .................................. 731 Squatters .................... ............ ..............745

PUBLIC OFFICERS. See EMBEZZLEMENT.

Mandamus .......................................... 502

Municipal corporations-elections ............................ 894 Municipal corporations-right to compensation............... 488

PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION. Nuisances ................................................. 200

RAILROADS. See CROSSINGS; STREET RAILROADS.

Care required as to licensee................. 909

Crossing one road by another-proceedings before commis- sions ...................................................... 64



INDEX XLIII

RAILROADS-Continued. Duty of railroad to licensee on track .......................419, 489 Fires .................................. 505 Fires-negligence ............... ................... 9 Injury to licensee-declaration ............................... 489 Injury to person on track-pleading.......................... 488 Injuries to passengers-tort of servant ....................... 660 Injuries to trespassers....................................... 900 Instructions ........ ................... ...... 63 Licensee-contributory negligence ........................... 909 Licensee's contributory negligence............................ 915 Licensee's last clear chance..... ............................. 915 Operation-automatic couplers .............................. 882 Private highways-eminent domain........................... 415 Rate bill .....70,164 Rate bill-constitutionality of Churchman Act..............302, 399 Rate bill-important feature.................................. 509 R ight of w ay................................................ 415 Transportation across river.................................. 578

RECEIVERS. Attorneys' fees ............................................ 924 Interest ................................... ........ 924 Purchase of claims by receivers-credit against funds.......... 924

RECORDS. Appeal and error............................................ 577

RECOUPMENT. Contract of employment ..................................... 687

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. Communistic ownership of property.......................... 942

REMOVAL OF CAUSES. ........................................................... .3331

REOPENING OF CASE AFTER CLOSE OF EVIDENCE. When proper................................................. 493

REPORTS. Standing of state reports .................................... 412 Unauthorized sale by publishing company .................... 665 Vol. 104, Va. Reports........................................ 583 105 Va. Reports............................................. 1046

RES ADJUDICATA. See CRIMINAL.LAW.

Death by wrongful act....................................... 244

RESCISSION, CANCELLATION AND REFORMATION. Cancellation of instrument-relief to defendant-return of

consideration ...................................... ...... 791



RESCISSION, CANCELLATION AND REFORMATION- Continued.

Contracts .............................. .................... 327 Voluntary conveyance ....................................... 506

RES GEST/E. Evidence .................................................. 540

RES IPSA LOQUITUR. Illustration ....................................... ........ 665

REVENUE LAW. Violation of ................................................ 29

RIGHT OF PRIVACY. Discussion as to......... .................. ....... 91

SALES. Breach-burden of proof..................................... 57 Breach-excuse for nonperformance ........................ 57 Consideration-mutuality ................................... 57 Construction of contract-time for delivery................... 921 Demand of performance-question for jury................... 57 Duty to perform ............................................ 57 Failure of consideration ............................ 625 False representations-damages-sales ....................... 625 Inferiority of article delivered ............................. 571 Measure of damages........................................ 921 Necessity of demand......................................... 57 Notice by buyer to seller-waiver ............................ 332 Question for jury ......... ........................ 57 Remedy of seller-action for breach of contract............. 921 Right to impose conditions................................. 57 Right to regulate resale and price............................ 745 Stipulation-excuse of nonperformance-construction.......... 57 Subject matter of sale ..................... 571 WV arranty ................................. .......... 571

SALVAGE COMPANIES. Assumption of risk by employee............................ 329

SCHOOLS. Separate schools for white and black.......................... 938

SCIRE FACIAS. Return of writ................... ...................... 620

SEALS AND SEALED INSTRUMENTS. Statute of limitations................... ............... 687

SENTENCE AND PUNISHMENT. Death sentence for life convict........................... 838 Excessive punishment . ....... ..........1030

XLIV INDEX



SET-OFF. Actions of contract-claims for conversion .................... 59 False representations ...................................... 625 Instructions .......................... ...................... 162

SEWERS.

Municipal corporations ...................................... 415

SHERIFFS AND CONSTABLES. Dam ages- instructions ..................... ................ 916

Damages to others than owner.................. 916

Injuries during levy-evidence of value of use................ 916

Liabilities-levy on property of third person ................. 916

SHIPS AND SHIPPING. Maritime liens .............................................. 78

SLEEPING CAR COMPANY. See CARRIERS.

SOCIAL INTIMACY. As proof of adultery............................ ... 368

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE.

Illegal contracts ......... ......... .......... ..... 504 Irrevocable covenant-contract under seal................... 466

STATE. Suits against .... .................................... 412

STATE CORPORATION COMMISSION. Admission of evidence...................................... 64

Appeal-harmless error ..................................... 64

Freight rates ..................... .......................... 413 Jurisdiction ................................................1009

STATUTES. Amendment-effect of invalidity of amendatory act.......... 284 Construction ............................................. 12 Curative statutes- validity ................................... 284

Implied repeal ........................................ 579

Prospective operation ....................................... 12 Title sufficiency ........................................ 284

STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS Corporations ............................................. 327 Preferred stock ............... ............................. 664 Purchase by corporation of its own stock..................... 664 Reduction of capital stock................................. 415 Right to take stock by eminent domain................... 414 Sale of pledged stock.................................. 741, 744

STREET RAILROADS. Duty to carry passengers to destination...................... 763 Injuries to person on track................................... 493

INDEX XLV



XLVI INDEX

STREET RAILROADS-Continued.

Injuries to person on track-contributory negligence.......... 493

Injuries to person on track-evidence......................... 493

Injury to employees...................... ................ 78

Negligence-evidence ... .................. ......... 919

Operation-action for injuries................................ 918

Regulation ................................... 405 Transfer of passengers ..................................... 763

STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. Notice of defects.................... ............. ... 76 Obstruction of street ........................................ 748 Personal injuries ...................................... . 76

SUBROGATION.

Enforcement-covenants-right to sue........................ 390

SUBSCRIBERS. Limitation of actions. ......... ....................... .. 502

SUICIDE. Mutual insurance .................. ................. 877

SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS. Slot machine sales on Sundays.......... ...................... 747

SUPREME COURT. Work of ....... ............................ 582

SURETYSHIP. Discharge of duty-change in obligation...................... 920

Subrogation to rights of creditors........................... 920

TAXATION. See LICENSES.

Assessment-time to make return............................ 284

Assessors-appointments ................................... 284

Capitation tax under new constitution.................... 82, 173 Collection of taxes........................................ 493 Constitutional requirement for uniformity of tax.............. 32

Exemption from municipal taxation.. .. ..................... 61

Exemptions ......... ......................... 32 Inheritance tax ................... ............... 941

Injunction against collection of taxes........................ 493

Municipal corporations-assessment-unequal assessments.... 385

Municipal corporations-exemptions ......................... 61

Municipal taxation.. ................................ 32, 53

Payment under protest. . .. .............................. 61

Presumption of exemption.................................. 32

Recovery of taxes paid-burden of proof...................... 61 Tax title .................................. 284



INDEX XLVII

TAXATION-Continued. U niform ity .............................................. 55, 385 Voluntary payments ................................... 61

TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES. Liability of master for acts of servants....................... 79 Suit for failure to transmit.................................. 506

TENEMENT HOUSES. Police power............. ................................. 170

THEATERS. Right to exclude persons from..............................1050

TIME. Sun time held to be legal................................... 668

............ ........ ............ ........... ................ 838

TRADE NAMES. Limitation on use of...................................... 838 Unfair competition ....................................... 504

TRADE UNION. See LABOR.

TREES AND TIMBER. Sale of standing timber...................................... 925

TRIAL BY NEWSPAPER. ................................ ....... ............ .... 333

TRUST. See ANTI-TRUST LAW; ANTI-MONOPOLY LAW.

Right of trust to invoke constitutional protection............. 589

TRUST AND TRUSTEES. Constructive trust-homestead ............................ 329 Trust devise ............................................. 650

TURNTABLES.

Injuries to children........................................ 235

ULTRA VIRES BORROWING AND SURROGATION. ........................................... 8.................. 846

UNFAIR COMPETITION. ........................ .....o .......... .... .................. 171

Railroads .................................................. 589 Trade names .................................... ......... 504

UNWRITTEN LAW. Application ............................................ 947, 1052

USAGES AND CUSTOMS. As a defense to Crime.................... ...... 42



XLVIII INDEX

USURY. Elements ................... .............................1036

VAGRANCY. Grounds for divorce......... ................... .. 941

VENDOR AND PURCHASER. Bona fide purchaser for value-liens.......................... 798 Liens ..................................................... 490 Recovey of payment.... ............................ 796 Right to conveyance.............................. 490 Transfer by purchaser......... .................... 490

VERDICT. Conclusiveness ............................................ 448 Directing verdict ........................................... 661 Review ................ ................................. 579 Sufficiency ........ ................................. 66

WARRANTY. See SALES.

WATER COMPANIES. Consumer's right as to rate agreed upon by municipality...... 412

WATERS AND WATERCOURSES. Injuries by flowage .................................. 492 Liability for injuries by flowage-instructions....... 492

WILLS. Attestation in the presence of testator........................ 327 Attestation in the presence of testator....................... 332 Construction-estates conveyed ............... ..............1038 Construction-what law governs.............................1038 Declaration of testator ......................................1038 Designation of devisees.................... 926 Evidence ..................................................1038 Gift to classes or individuals................................ 926 Lapsed gift-interstate property............................. 926 Rights of devisee-discharge of incumbrances................ 52 Trust devise-construction .................................. 650

WITNESSES. See EVIDENCE.

WORDS AND PHRASES. "Noon." ................................................... 332

WORKING CONTRACTS. Lowest Responsible bidder.................................. 74



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