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Warm-Up
List two reasons the United States should be involved in other countries affairs.
- OR-
List two reasons the United States should not be involved in other countries affairs
America Claims an Empire
Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory, engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.
Imperialism and America Section 1
Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand.
Imperialism
policy of extending control over weaker nations In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of
Africa, compete for China Japan joins race for China U.S. decides to expand overseas – “if
you can’t beat ‘em join ‘em”
Imperialism
Three Factors Fueled American Imperialism 1) Desire for military strength 2) Thirst for new markets 3) Belief in cultural superiority
Imperialism
Desire for Military Strength U.S. builds modern
battleships, becomes third largest naval power
Built the Maine and the Oregon
Imperialism
Thirst for New Markets U.S. farms, factories produce more than
Americans can consume – surplus Foreign trade: solution to overproduction,
unemployment, depression
Economic Objective of Imperialism
Favorable Balance of Trade - Exporting more than you import
Reason: America was looking for new world markets, RAW MATERIALS.
America achieves this and becomes a world economic power
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25
30
35
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45
1880 1910
imports
exports
Imperialism
Belief in Cultural Superiority Some combine Social Darwinism, belief
in superiority of Anglo-Saxons Argue U.S. has duty to “Christianize” and
“civilize” the “inferior peoples”
Imperialism
Alaska 1867, Seward arranges purchase of
Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s
Folly” Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil
Imperialism
The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii Hawaii used as rest
stop 1887, U.S.
pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor becomes refueling
station
Imperialism
The Cry for Annexation of Hawaii 75% of wealth is American sugar
plantations 1890 McKinley Tariff – Tax of imported
goods Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so
it will not have to pay tax
Imperialism
The End of a Monarchy 1887, businessmen
force King Kalakaua to limit vote to “rich landowners”
Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement
Imperialism The End of a
Monarchy With help of
marines, business groups overthrow queen
Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole
McKinley declares Hawaii U.S. territory – August 12, 1898
The Spanish-American War
In 1898, the United States goes to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.
Cuba Libre!
Cuba’s War for Independence José Martí—poet, journalist—launches
second revolution in 1895 (first 1868-1878)
U.S. public opinion split: business wants to support Spain – sugar
plantations others favor Cuban cause
Cuba Libre!
Spain Takes Action 1896, General Valeriano Weyler sent to
Cuba to restore order Puts about 300,000 Cubans in
concentration camps
Cuba Libre!
Yellow Journalism Sensational writing used to lure, enrage
readers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph
Hearst exploit “Butcher” Weyler Hearst said, “You furnish the pictures and
I’ll furnish the war”
Cuba Libre!
Yellow Journalism The de Lôme Letter
Private letter by Spanish minister to the US Enrique Dupuy de Lôme published – New York Journal calls
McKinley weak, swayed by public
Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns; American public angry
Cuba Libre!
The U.S.S. Maine Explodes U.S.S. Maine sent
to pick up U.S. citizens, protect U.S. property
Ship blows up in Havana harbor; newspapers blame Spain
Spanish-American War
The U.S. Declares War Spain agrees to most U.S. demands,
public opinion still favors war Remember the Maine
U.S. declares war April 1898
Spanish-American War
The War in the Philippines First battle with Spain occurs in Spanish
colony of the Philippines Commodore George Dewey/ Emilio
Aguinaldo defeat Spanish troops Aug. 1898
Buffalo Soldier: Bob Marley
If you know your history,Then you would know where you coming from,Then you wouldn’t have to ask me,Who the heck do I think I am.
Said he was a buffalo soldier win the war for America;Buffalo soldier, dreadlock Rasta,Fighting on arrival, fighting for survival;Driven from the mainland to the heart of the Caribbean.
Troddin through San Juan in the arms of America;Troddin through Jamaica, a buffalo soldier-Fighting on arrival, fighting for survival:Buffalo soldier, dreadlock rasta.
Spanish-American War
Rough Riders Rough Riders Theodore
Roosevelt lead volunteer cavalry
Roosevelt declared hero of attack on strategic San Juan Hill
Exaggerated
Two African American Regiments did most of the work that preceded them
Spanish-American Wars
Treaty of Paris Spain, U.S. sign armistice August 1898;
meet in Paris to make treaty Spain frees Cuba; hands Guam, Puerto
Rico to U.S.; sells Philippines $20 million
Spanish-American War
Debate over the Treaty Treaty of Paris touches off great debate
over imperialism McKinley tries to justify annexation
of Philippines on moral grounds – “need to Christianize them”
AKA “White Mans Burdon”
Acquiring New Lands
In the early 1900s, the United States engages in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines.
Puerto Rico
Then During Spanish-American War,
Americans occupy Puerto Rico under military control
PR strategic as post in Caribbean, for protection of “future canal”
1900 set up civil government 1917 Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens
Puerto Rico
Today Reject statehood and
independence; Afraid of losing Latino culture
Want to be a commonwealth US Citizens Can move freely from
PR to States Can be drafted Can not vote in US
Elections
Man holds flag with 51 stars
Cuba
After war U.S. occupies Cuba; US puts same officials in office as Spain
American military government helps rebuild the country
Cuba
Platt Amendment U.S. makes Cuba add to its 1901 constitution
No treaties with foreign power U.S. has right to intervene U.S. can buy, lease land for navy
American Interests Tobacco, sugar, mining
Becomes a protectorate for 31 years – affairs partially controlled by a stronger nation
Philippine-American War
Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris $20 Million deal
Call for independence 1899
Emilio Aguinaldo
Philippine-American War
Opinion Split White U.S. soldiers see
Filipinos as inferior Black troops troubled at
spreading prejudice
20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence
July 4, 1946, Philippines become independent
Argument over Imperialism
The Anti-Imperialist League McKinley’s election confirms most Americans
favor imperialism Anti-Imperialist League has prominent people
from different fields Goes against Declaration of Independence Booker T. Washington – Settle race relations here before
taking social problems elsewhere Samuel Gompers – Afraid Filipinos would compete for jobs Andrew Carnegie – We are doing fine
Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Teddy Roosevelt and the World Panama owned by Columbia Panama Rebellion
U.S. gives military aid U.S. pays $10 million for Canal Zone and
rent for $250,000 a year
Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Constructing the Canal Construction of
canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats fight diseases,
geographic obstacles
at height, 43,400 workers employed
5,600 die