Water Governance in Spain and Risk Management.

José-Ángel Rodríguez-CabellosHead of the Planning Office

Guadiana River Agency (Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana)

MINISTRY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT

WORLD BANKWorkshop on water security –

Sofia, Bulgaria 18th-19th September 2017

INDEX

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN

1.1. HYDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER

1.2. RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING

2.1. CLIMATE CHANGE IN PLANNING

2.2. WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

2.3. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLAN

2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN

Supe

rficia

lGroundw

ater Both

5,000 hm3

Urban water supply

demand

1.500 hm3

25,000 hm3

TOTAL DEMAND

31.500 hm3

Water Demands

Industry demand

Agriculture demand

Surface 505.990 km2

Annual average precipitation 684 mm

Annual average runoff 110.000 hm3

Precipitation & Natural water resourcesSpain has singularities within the EU:

• Segura Basin 365 mm/year,• Almería: 196 mm/year

South east more similar to Northern Africa

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN1.1. HIDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP

mm

PrecipitaciónEvapotranspiración potencialEvapotranspiración realEscorrentía

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

oct nov dic ene feb mar abr may jun jul ago sep

(%)

Duero

Tajo

Guadiana I

Sur

Segura

Júcar

Ebro

Seasonal average runoff distribution Seasonal average water demand

Dams and reservoirs: aprox1200.

Storage capacity: approx.

60.000 hm3

Transfer Sistemas 30

(> 5 hm3 ; < 350 Hm3)

Water reuse systems 340

(Mediterranean area and islands)

500 Hm3/year.

Desalination plants in operation: 700.

Potential capacity: 4.5 Hm3/day

CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

NON CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Júca

r

Seg

ura

CI

Ca

talu

ña

Eb

ro

No

rte

II

No

rte

I

Ga

lici

a C

ost

a

Du

ero

No

rte

III

Taj

o

Gu

ad

alq

uiv

ir

Su

r

Gu

ad

ian

a I

Gu

ad

ian

a II

Po

rce

nta

je d

e la

ap

ort

ació

n n

atu

ral

Regulación natural

Regulación actual

Reg. natural media

Reg. actual media

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

mm

Annual average runoff distribution

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN1.1. HIDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER

The big challenge nowadays :

Achieve the good status of water bodies (WFD)vs

– Satisfy water demands for economicpurposes

– Drought management

– Floods management.

In a Climate Change situation.

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN1.1. HIDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER

River Basin Authorities: since 1926 “Confederaciones Hidrográficas”

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN1.2. RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES

• Administrative bodies of the Ministry for Agriculture and Fishing, Food

and Environment.

• Competences:

• River basin management planning and programmes of measures,

• Management and control of the Hydraulic Public Domain and water

uses (rivers that affect more than one Autonomous Region).

• Design, construction and operation of main hydraulic infrastructures.

Article 26 of Spanish Water Law defines in a River Basin Agency:

Key: Public participation in planning and management.

– Organs for government:

• Government Board

• President

– Participation Organs:

• Reservoir discharge Commission,

• Exploitation Boards

• Users Assembly

– Management Plan participation Organ: River District water Council

– Cooperation Organ: Competent Authorities Committee.

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN1.2. RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

25 Water Basin Districts = 25 Water Management Plans /Drought Plans/Flood Plans

Planning: Key issue for water management

More than ten main Planning Processes in

Spain since last third of the XIX century.

Planning objectives:

1. Achievement of water bodies good status and HPD protection (new environmental objectives from WFD)

2. Satisfaction of water demands (traditional Spanish Water Planning objective)

3. Balance between: economic development and environmental protection

4. Mitigation of the effects of floods and droughts

Different Plans:

1. WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS (Water Framework Directive & Spanish Water Law)

2. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLANS (Spanish Water Law)

3. FLOOD PLANS (Flood Directive)

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

2.1.CLIMATE CHANGE IN PLANNING.

Evidence and climatic projections suggest that water resources will be

seriously affected in Spain by climate change.

The impacts of climate change will be aggravated in regions affected by frequent droughts, scarcity of water resources (imbalances demand-resources) & higher ratio maximum daily precipitation / mean annual precipitation (floods).

Map of risk of scarcity by the index of consumption in the water resources

systems (MMA, 2000)

•Need to evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources through hydrological modelling.

• Inputs: scenarios of climate change (P, T)

• Outputs: runoff, evapotranspiration, river inflows, aquifers recharge,..

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

Percentage ratio between the maximum daily precipitation and mean annual

precipitation

• Study of potential effects of climate change on:o Water resources in a natural regimeo Water demands (irrigation, urban supply and industry)o Available water resources in the water resources systems.o Max Precipitation & Flows evolutiono Ecological status of water bodies.

The National Plan of Adaptation to CC

• Scenarios of the National Plan• Impacts:

• model SIMPA, ARMA, etc.• Inputs: climate scenarios• Outputs:✓ monthly maps of river inflows, aquifers recharge,

evapotranspiration, (resolution of 1 km x 1km) ✓ evolution of the annual runoff. Reduction of

runoff:▪ scenario A2: 8% in 2011-2040, 16% in 2041-2070

and 28% in 2071-2100. ▪ scenario B2: 8%, 11% and 14%.

✓ water demand increase of crops:▪ scenario A2: 3%, 6% and 12%▪ scenario B2: 5%, 6% and 7%.

✓ droughts: uncertainties but increase in intensity and frequency (>2 years B2 worse at the end of c. XXI, >3 years A2 worse the second half of c. XXI)

✓ floods: no evidence of increase of maximum daily precipitation (MXP maps)

Precipitation 1969

Evapotransp. potential 1969

Humidity soil 1969

Recharge aquifer 1969

Evapotranspiration 1969

Volume aquifer 1969

runoff groundwater 1969

runoff superficial 1969 runoff total 1969

Scenario of emissions A2 (red); B2 (blue). Average of projections in thick line. Source: CEDEX(2010)

Variation of the average of runoff (%) period 2011-2040,

projections A2. Source: CEDEX(2010)

Current Water Exploitation Index (WEI)

Water Exploitation Index (WEI) 2041-2070 Scenario

A2

2.1.CLIMATE CHANGE IN PLANNING.2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTA

L ASSESMENTPROGRAMME OF

MEASURES

WATER MANAGEMENT

PLAN

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

• Status of water bodies (monitoring network)

• Economic studies (economic importance of water use, cost recovery, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit)

• Study of:o pressures, o impacts, status,

• Program of measures and • Water bodies objectives (good status)

2.2. WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

• Study of water resources surface and groundwater (availability)

• Restrictions to achieve good status• Study of water demand, and balances

(water allocation) (current and future according CC)

• It will estimate the balance between the foresee available water and predictable demands, according climate change scenarios.

• Strategic Environmental Assessment

• Public participation throughout the process

• Environmental Flows

• From “crisis management” (emergency) to “risk

management” (planning)

• Trigger: drought 1991-1995

– Economic impact in irrigation: Alicante 34 M€; Valencia 19

M€; Murcia 18 M€; Castellón 8 M€.

– Employment impact: more than 2 million; lost wages, 84 M€.

– Restrictions (Seville).

• Law 10/2001 of the National Hydrological Plan.

Drought management.

– Establishing a comprehensive global system

of indicators.

– Development of Drought Management Plans.

Objectives: • To reduce the frequency and intensity of droughts’ negative impacts (environmental, social

and economic).

• Articulate and coordinate all issues related to: control, monitoring, follow-up system, riskassessment, decision making, implementation of measures.

Development of SDP (1)

• Analysis of water resources (according WMP).

• Analysis of water uses and water demands (according WMP).

• Characterization and analysis of historical droughts.

2.3. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLAN2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

Development of SDP (2)

• Drought indicators (Rainfall, Streamflow, Reservoirs storage, Groundwater levels, etc.):

– which objectively assess the level of drought.

– fast and easy to obtain.

– easy to interpret (normalization).

– specific for each system.

– helpful to progressive implementation of measures

• Thresholding.

• Measures

TYPES OF MITIGATION MEASURES

Status Normal Pre-alert Alert Emergency

Objective PlanningInformation

-controlConservation Restrictions

Type of measure

Strategic Tactics Emergency

• Strategic measures long term actions, included in theRiver Basin Management Plan (new infrastructures,modernization of irrigation areas, etc.)

• Tactic measures short term actions (informationcampaign, increase monitoring (quantity & WB status) andabstraction control, reduce irrigation quotas, additionalresources, etc.)

• Emergency measures extraordinary actions adapted toaffected areas and to gravity of the situation. (hardrestrictions for uses, additional resources, rights exchange,monitoring & control, cancelation of fees, environmentalflows reduction, etc.)

2.3. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLAN2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

0,5

VmaxVmin0

0,5

1

Vmed

Percentage ratio between the maximum daily precipitation and mean annual precipitation

Losses due to floods over 800 million euros per year.

Compensations paid by the Insurance Compensation Consortium (flood damage)

Preliminary flood risk assessment

Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be prevented,

…so we must learn to live with them

FLOOD DIRECTIVE

2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

Flood hazard maps and risk maps

Flood risk management plans

Geographical areas which could be flooded according to the following scenarios (input CAUMAX according CC/ DTM like LIDAR / Models: IBER, HEC):

• High probability: T=10 years

• Medium probability: T=100 years

• Low probability: T=500 years

Flood hazard maps

For each scenario:

• The extent of the flood;

• Water depths or water levels, as appropriate.

• When appropriate, the flow velocity or the relevant water flow.

http://sig.magrama.es/snczi/

Flood risk maps

Contents:- Inhabitants potentially affected- Type of economic activity of the area potentially affected- Points of interest (potential pollutant installations, heritage,

infrastructures, civil protection facilities, etc.)- Protected areas (abstraction for human consumption, recreational

waters, Natura 2000 sites)

Crossed information define damage in terms of economic, social & environmental losses

Flood risk management plans

1. Increasing awareness and improving self-protection strategies.

2. Enhancing coordination of all stakeholders involved. Responsibility is a shared among all administrations and society.

3. Improving the understanding of flood phenomena,

4. Improve flood forecasting and early warning systems.

General objectives in Spain:

5. Enhance land-use and urban planning policies in flood areas.

6. Reduction of flood risk: enhancement infiltration, giving rivers more space, modification or removal of structures with an impact.

7. Improving resilience and reducing vulnerability of goods in floodplain.

8. Enhancing or maintaining, the good status of water bodies by the improvement of their hydro morphological conditions (WFD).

2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

Nati

on

al

Map

pin

g S

yste

m f

or

Flo

od

Pro

ne A

reas

an

d i

ts v

iew

er

Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment

Hydrological, historical and geomorphological analyses

Program of Measures

Prevention

Land use planning policies

Adapting land-uses to the risk of flooding

Protection

River restoration, Measures to reduce the flow, enhancement of infiltration,

including in-channel and floodplain works that restore natural systems, etc.

Structural measures (drainage capacity): Construction, modification and/or

removal of defensive structures in the riverbed and/or floodplain

Preparedness

Flood forecasting and warning

Civil Protection Emergency event response planning

Manage reservoirs

Public awareness and preparedness

Recovery and

review

Flood Insurances & financial assistance: Restoration activities (human and

material damage), health and mental health supporting actions, etc.

Environmental recovery, clean-up activities, etc.

Lessons learnt

Tipo Presupuesto anual estimado Presupuesto total Porcentaje

Prevención 3,488 20,930 33%

Protección 6,292 37,754 59%

Preparación 0,821 4,925 8%

Recuperación - - -

TOTAL 10,602 63,609 -

2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

SPANISH AUTOMATIC HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (AHIS) (Early warning system)

AHIS Systems provides Real-Time Hydro-Meteorological Information

MISSION-CRITICAL SYSTEM DESIGN INTEROPERABILITY, ROBUSTNESS, SCALABILITY AND MODULARITY

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

CONTROL CENTER

END USERS

CONTROL POINTS

Decision Support System: a tool that collects and analyzes Real-Time AHIS data and generates Forecasts

DATA PROCESSING

RESULTS

DSSScada, SIT, SGI, GMAO

RAW DATA

• Distributed hydrological models

• Hydraulic Models

• Reservoir Management Module

•Rainfall combination of data radar/telemetry

3.- ALERTS

2.-RIVER FLOWS FORECAST PREDICTION

1.- REAL TIME RIVER FLOWS

2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING.

Info

rmat

ion

pro

vid

ed

THANK YOU VERY MUCH