Water Reuse Policy in Koreaand Technical Cases

Keimyung UniversityProf. Sangwon Park

28, Sept. 2010

Contents

Page 3

Water Reuse Policyin Korea

Korea is highly vulnerable to utilize

water in the drought due to low intake

rate(36%) of river.

Intake rate Water stress Country

Less than 10% Low Russia, New Zealand,

Canada

10-20% Middle China, Japan, USA,England, France

20-40% Middle~High

Korea, India, Italy, South Africa

Over 40% High Iraq, Egypt

Water supply system of low energy

consumption Green growth

Reuse system (On-Site Water Supply)

The Current State of Wastewater Reuse Necessity of Water Reuse

Water stress according to intake rate(UN Economic and Social Council 1997)

Anticipative action on drought by

reducing intake rate in a source of

water. (Need reuse activity urgently)

rain surface Water supply sewage river sea

Use rain

Gray water

reusesewage

Vapor

Expect Institutional support for reusing stormwater, sewage/wastewater

discharge (Industry/Living/Agricultural water)

Possible to introduce on-site Low Energy Reuse System by reducing reliance of

limited water resource

Urgently need discharge water reuse as increasing water demands while water

resources are limited

Need to establish and stabilize water supply system for improving productivity

& competitiveness since it is possible to secure reuse water stably due to

progress of water industry technology

“the Law on water reuse promotion and support” establish ‘10.6.8 Law Document NO. 10359’

sewage reuse treated sewage, wastewater reuse

The Current State of Wastewater Reuse Necessity of Water Reuse

Expansion of installing Wastewater Reclamation and Reusing System (Chapter 3

Article No. 9)

-People who want to build or remodel structures should install and operate Wastewater

Reclamation and Reusing System which could reuse more than 10% of used water according to

Ministry of Environment law. But, people who gets treated sewage, treated wastewater, re-

treated water more than 10% of total water use are exception.

☞ Act No. 2「the Law of Industry integration vitalization & establish plant」

Structures follow the Article No. 2, Act No. 1 and discharge over 15000m3/day

Financial Support (Chapter 3 No.23)

- National and local government take an action to loan the whole or part of the installation costs

to people who are going to establish water reuse treatment facility for sewage and wastewater.

- Local government can discount the water bill or sewer fee for people who use treated water

from sewage and wastewater.

The Current State of Wastewater Reuse Necessity of Water Reuse

“the Law on water reuse promotion and support” establish ‘10.6.8 Law Document NO. 10359’

Classification of Reuse Processes on Different Uses (Treatment Ex.)

Source: 하수재이용가이드북 2009

Classification Detailed Groups Treatment Methods (Examples)

General

Reuse Water

Cleaning Water ․Sand Filter

Water for Landscaping ․Sand Filter

Hydrophile Water ․Sand Filter + Activated Carbon

Water for River Maintaining ․Sand Filter or MF

Water for Irrigation ․Sand Filter or MF

Physical Contact

&Direct influence

Reuse Water

Cleaning Water which could involve Physical Contact

․MF + R/O ․Install Immersion membrane in the Organism

Reaction Tank + R/O

Direct Influence Water ․MF + R/O or more

High-

Environmental

Purpose Water

Wetlands Water․Sand Filter + Activated Carbon or MF + R/O ․Install Immersion membrane in the Organism

Reaction Tank +R/O

Recharing the Groundwater․Sand Filter + Activated Carbon or MF + R/O ․Install Immersion membrane in the Organism

Reaction Tank +R/O

Supplying Drinking Water․MF + R/O ․Install Immersion membrane in the Organism

Reaction Tank +R/O

Industrial Water ․Can combine all of 6 methods

The Current State of Wastewater Reuse

Page 8

Large Scaleof Wastewater Reuse Facilities

in the Current State

The Domestic Current State of Discharge Sewage Reuse

Source: 하수재이용가이드북 2009

NO Region UseTreatment

Facility(1000 ton/day)

Reuse Amount

(1000 Ton/day)

Treatment Method Note

1 Songdo, Incheon Multipurpose 30 30Acid Filtration +Activated

Carbon + Chlorine Disinfection

Installing

2Bucheon,

KyunggiMultipurpose 95 45 SBF

3Osan,

KyunggiIndustrial Use 57 12 Filtration +RO Installing

4Gongju,

ChungnamRiver Maintain 35 10 Acid Filtration + UV Installing

5Cheonan,

ChungnamRiver Maintain 120 30 No Facility for Re-Treatment

6Yeosu,

JeonnamRiver Maintain 110 43.2 No Facility for Re-Treatment Installing

7Gangjin,

JeonnamAgricultural Use 8 6 No Facility for Re-Treatment

The Current State of Wastewater Reuse

• R/O : Reverse Osmosis, N/F : Nano Filtration

• EVA : Evaporation CMF : Continuous Micro Filter

• EDR : Electro Dialysis Reversal

NO Company Main ProcessPlant Capacity

(ton/day)Note

1 SAMSUNG Corning M/F + R/O 4,000

2 POSCO CMF + Ozone + R/O 1,500

3 LG Chemical CMF + R/O + EVA 1,500No

discharge

4 Hansol Paper N/F + R/O + EVA 10,000No

discharge

5 HYUNDAI R/O + EVA + Dryer 5,000No

discharge

6 LG Petrochemical EDR 10,000

The Current State of Wastewater Reuse

The Domestic Current State of Discharge Wastewater Reuse

System Configuration on Seawage & Wastewater Reuse Process

Optional Step :ChemicalCohesion + MF

General Steps

Examples of Plants Installation

Page 13

Wastewater Reuse System for General Plants

– ‘HONG-DUK Inc.’ Case

The Current State of Treated Water Reusein ‘HONG-DUK

Inc.’ Information of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Classification Project Title

1 Company HONG-DUK Inc.

2 Address1st Plant 1845 Jangheung-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang-Si,

Kyungbook, Korea

3 Type of Business The Manufacturing industry of Steel Ship(Vessel)

4 Assortment 2 type place of business

5 Waters “NA region ”

6 Amount of Wastewater Produced 1,341.83㎥/day

7 Treatment MethodInflow Treatment of Joint-Prevention Facilities(Physical - Chemical)

Wastewater Treatment & Reuse Method

The Current State of Treated Water Reusein ‘HONG-DUK

Inc.’

CODMn SS T-N T-P

Raw Wastewater (mg/L) 31 76 55.60 7.70

Membrane Intake Water (mg/L) 2.8 1.0 8.51 0.031

Membrane Treated water (Reuse) 0.8 0.8 0.493 0.012

Water Quality Data of HONG-DUK Inc.

Test articleRaw water Standard of

Wastewater

(Below)

Raw waterTest article

Raw water Standard of

Wastewater

(Below)

Effluent

Result(mg/L) Result(mg/L) Result(mg/L) Result(mg/L)

CODmn 31.10 130 4.20 Sr 0.35 - 0.62

Sustpended

Solids76.00 120 4.70 Free CO2 0.00 - 5.52

Nitrogen 55.60 60 11.10 HCO3- 0.00 - 11.00

Phosphorus 7.70 8 0.00 Total Residue on

Evaporation1930.00 - 2950.00

Normal-hexane

extract0.00 30 0.00 Ba 0.26 - 0.03

Pb 4.49 0.5 0.00 Ca 318.00 - 752.00

Mn 1.49 10 0.96 Mg 17.00 - 35.60

F- 0.00 15 0.15 K 3.78 - 4.86

TOC 4.19 - 2.36 B 8.28 - 4.69

SO4 2- 428.00 - 291.00 Hardness 864.00 - 2020.00

Page 17

Highly Condensed Water Reuse

- ‘Kim-Chi Salting Plant’ Case

1. High-concentrated salt water produced → 10 ~ 13% of high concentrated salt water produced→ Very hard to treat

(Dispose whole amount of salt water once in 2 days in Summer time, once in 4 days in Winter time)

→ Most of Kim-chi plants are located in the uncontaminated area, which has strong standards, so it's very hard to meet the discharge standard (soil and water pollution could be occurred)

→ Therefore, the water consumption of groundwater is increased to treat the high salt condensed water.

2. Increasing the salt cost used in salting process→ Salting process is the most important part of making Kim-chi because it

determines the taste of Kim-chi→ Increasing cost for salt used in making the salt water (30 ton/day, the salt cost

when using the salt water is ₩ 22 million/month) → Due to the increase of making cost, companies lost their competitiveness(cost of

domestic Kim-chi companies is 2 times higher than that of Chinese companies).3. Sanitation problem of salt water→ Causes for color, bacteria and odor from using salt water→ For the companies of HACCP, there could be some problems on their images.

Problems of Producing Salting Water

Mechanism for Salt Collection

Salt Water Alien Substance

MEMBRANEMEMBRANE

Collect PureSalt Water

Segregate contaminants

10%

90%

Salt Water Treated Water

Condensed Water

Nano Segregation System Technologyfor Salt Water

Diagram of Salt Water Nano Segregation Membrane System

Nano Segregation System Technologyfor Salt Water

Salt Water Nano Segregation Membrane Pilot System

Salt Water Treated Water

Nano Segregation System Technologyfor Salt Water

Salt Water Treated Water

Salt Water Treated Water

Bacillus cereus

Atypical(Negative)

E.coli O157

Atypical(Negative)

Staphylococcus aureus

Atypical(Negative)

Bacillus cereus

No grow of Colony(Negative)

E.coli O157

No grow of Colony(Negative)

Cell No.

8,700,000/mLDilute 105

Cell No.

Undiluted Solution10 m/L

Analyzed at Keimyung University TMR Center

A Company’s Microorganism Analysis Result on Salt Water/Treated Water

Nano Segregation System Technologyfor Salt Water

Salt Water

Treated

Water

No grow of Colony(Negative)

Staphylococcus aureus

Water Quality Analysis Result of Treated Salt Water

ClassificationA Company B Company Standard of

Drinking WaterBefore Treatment After Treatment Before Treatment After Treatment

Salinity (%) 9.1 8.5 8.4 7.8 -

pH 5.06 5.65 4.74 5.37 5.8 ~ 8.5

Turbidity

(NTU)21.400 0.226 28.300 0.254 0.5

Color (PCU) 16 0 16 0 Below 5

Salt Water Treated Water

Nano Segregation System Technologyfor Salt Water

Salt Water Treated Water

Analyzed at Keimyung University TMR Center

Salt Water Nano Segregation Membrane System (30 ton/day)

Nano Segregation System Technologyfor Salt Water

Page 25

Thankyou!!!