Web Services: Navigating the Standards Landscape Marc N. Haines CTI Workgroup – Web Services.

Web Services:Navigating the Standards

Landscape

Marc N. Haines

CTI Workgroup – Web Services

19-May-2005 © Marc Haines 2

Web Services Standards

• The Web Services Standards Landscape

XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM




XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM

XML Foundation




XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM

Web Services Core

?




XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM

CommercialWeb Services




XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM

CompetingStandards Universes




XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM

VerticalStandards




XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM

Web ServicesNirvana



• Standardization– Players– Process– Standards


• The Players


Internet Related

Standards

e-Business Related

Standards

Standards

ISOUN/CEFACT

UN/ITU-T

W3C OASIS

VV

V

IEEE

WS-I


Web Services Standards• Standardization Process

– The Players• W3C• OASIS

• ISO• IEEE• UN/CEFACT, UN/ITU-T

• Vertical standards groups

• WS-I



• Standardization Process– Different standardization organizations use varying terminology to

indicate the status of their work

OASISW3C

Working Draft Working Draft

Committee Draft

Public Review Draft

OASIS Standard

public

internal

Public Working Draft

Proposed Recommendation

Recommendation endorsement

Candidate Recommendation

implementation

Committee Specification



• Standardization Process– The Food Chain

Initiator

Globalizer

Standardizer

Idea andFirst initial draft of a specification

Expose draft to larger audienceRefine and find common denomiatorProvide recommendation (a.k.a. standard)

Approves “local” standard and gives it “global” visibility

ISOIEEE UN/CEFACT

W3COASIS

IT VendorsResearch OrganizationsIndividuals




Initiator

Globalizer

Standardizer

Microsoft

W3C

SOAP

Various

OASIS /UN/CEFACT

ebXML

ISO(ISO-15000)

Jon Bosak, Tim Bray

W3C

XML

ISO

?




Initiator

Globalizer

Standardizer

CERNTim Berners-Lee

W3C

HTML

ISO(ISO-15445)

XHTML



• The Standards

XMLXML Schema

XSLT

SOAPWSDL

UDDI

WS-Security

ebXMLebXML

Messaging

WS-Reliability

ebXMLRegistry

UBL

WS-BPELIFX

ACORD HL7 GJXDM

XML Encryption

WS-Eventing

WS-Adressing

Semantic WebRDF

OWL/S

SOAP-MTOM



• XML Foundation– XML Base

• A language to define other languages– XML-based languages share a common alphabet and a few

syntactical base rules but have very different vocabularies

• Based on SGML

– XML Schema– XSL– XML Encryption– …


Web Services Standards• XML Foundation

– XML Base (XML 1.1, Feb. 2004)

– Document Definition• XML Schema (XSL 1.0, 1.1 working draft)

• DTD• Relax NG

– Document Presentation / Transformation• XSL

– XSLT (2.0) , FO, XPath (2.0)

• XQuery (1.0)

– Security• XML Encryption (1.0?, W3C recommendation Dec. 2002)



• Web Services Core– SOAP– WSDL– UDDI

RegistryUDDI

ProviderWSDL

ConsumerSOAP

Publish Find

Bind



• Web Services Core– SOAP

• Organization– W3C

• Status– SOAP 1.2: Recommendation since June 2003

• Elements– SOAP Messaging Framework and Adjuncts

– XML-binary Optimized Packaging– SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism– Resource Representation SOAP Header Block

» Recommendations since Jan. 2005


Web Services Standards• Web Services Core

– SOAP• SOAP 1.2 is the current W3C “standard”

– Changed fault handling– Array serialization – HTTP media type – …– SOAP is no longer “Simple Object Access Protocol”

• SOAP 1.1 is recommended by the WS-I for interoperabiltiy

– Few implementations of SOAP 1.2 in development tools

• SOAP is no longer “Simple Object Access Protocol”



• Web Services Core– WSDL


• Status– WSDL 1.1: Only W3C Note (This is the one right now!)– WSDL 1.2: Working Draft in June 2003, but was never ratified– WSDL 2.0: Working Draft since May 2005

• Elements– Core Language– Adjuncts

» SOAP and HTTP bindings» Predefined Message Patterns



• Web Services Core– UDDI [Universal Description, Discovery and Integration]

• Organization– OASIS

• Status– UDDI v3 is OASIS Standard since February 2005

• Elements– All in one specification (3.0.2)

http://www.oasis-open.org/specs/index.php



• Web Services Core– UDDI

• Interestingly listed both under Web Services and but e-Commerce on OASIS Web site!

– Along with ebXML and UBL– Business entity is key element in registry– UDDI may be used to discover other interfaces than WSDL

• Only 22% of all Web services are publicized using UDDI [according to a recent WebServices.org survey]

– Most Web services implementations involve only 1-5 services– Web services “power users” (>50 services) do use UDDI to

manage and publicize their services



• Commercial Web Services– WS-Security– WS-Reliability– WS-BPEL

– WS-Eventing– WS-Adressing– WS-Policy– …



• Commercial Web Services– WS-Security


• Status– WS-Security 1.0: OASIS Standard since March 2004

• Elements– Message Security 1.0

» SAML Token Profile (Oasis standard Dec. 2004)» SOAP with Attachments [SwA] (Committee Draft)

– UsernameToken Profile 1.0– X.509 Certificate Token Profile

» X.509 is a UN/ITU-T standard for PKI




• Commercial Web Services– WS-Reliability

• Organization– OASIS (Web Services Reliable Messaging TC)

• Status– WS-Reliability 1.1: OASIS Standard since Nov. 2004

• Elements– WS-Reliable Messaging

» The other proposal for reliable messaging» “More commonalities than differences with WS-Reliabilty”» Who wins???




• Commercial Web Services– WS-BPEL [Business Process Execution Language]


• Status– WS-BPEL 2.0: Working Draft since February 2005

» Formerly BPEL4WS 1.1» Initiative from IBM, SAP, Siebel, BEA, Microsoft



• Commercial Web Services– WS-Eventing

• Organization– Industry Consortium

» IBM, BEA, Computer Associates, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, TIBCO Software

• Status– Public draft release

• Purpose– The WS-Eventing specification defines a baseline set of

operations that allow Web services to provide asynchronous notifications to interested parties.



• Commercial Web Services– WS-Addressing


» Submitted by BEA, IBM, Microsoft, SAP and Sun (3/2004)

• Status– WS-Addressing 1.0: Working Draft since March 2005

• Purpose– Web Services Addressing provides transport-neutral

mechanisms to address Web services and messages.



• Commercial Web Services– WS-Policy [Web Services Policy Framework]

• Organization– Industry Consortium

» BEA, IBM, Microsoft, SAP

• Status– WS-Policy 1.1: Initial public draft

• Purpose– The Web Services Policy Framework (WS-Policy) provides a

general purpose model and corresponding syntax to describe and communicate the policies of a Web Service.


Web Services Standards• Commercial Web Services

– WS-I• “The guardian of interoperability”

– Does not create any specifications/standards– Picks “mature standards” and assembles them in an profile

with some extra rules for interoperability» Basic Profile 1.1 (Final, Aug. 2004)» Simple SOAP Binding Profile (Final, Aug. 2004)» Basic Security Profile 1.0 (Draft, Jan. 2005)

– Does not guarantee interoperability, but it’s the best bet!» Provides testing tools for interoperability

– Lag behind standards organizations» SOAP 1.1 in current profile, but 1.2 is current W3C

recommendation



• Commercial Web Services– WS-I

• Basic Profile– Messaging: SOAP 1.1– Description: WSDL 1.1– Publication and Discovery: UDDI 2.0– Security: TLS 1.0 / SSL 3.0

• Basic Security Profile– Transport Layer TLS 1.0 / SSL 3.0– SOAP Message Security WS-Security 1.0

XML Signature

XML Encryption


Web Services Standards• Payload / Vertical Standards

– Pick your industry …• Chemical

– CIDX

• Energy / Oil– POSC

• Justice– GJXDM, LegalXML

• Insurance– ACORD

• Finance– IFX

• Healthcare– HL7

What about your industry?


Web Services Standards• Payload / Vertical Standards

– UBL (Universal Business Language)• Organization

– OASIS

• Status– UBL 1.0: OASIS Standard

• Purpose– While industry-specific data formats have the advantage of maximal

optimization for their business context, the existence of different formats to accomplish the same purpose in different business domains is attended by a number of significant disadvantages as well. […] The OASIS Universal Business Language (UBL) is intended to help solve these problems by defining a generic XML interchange format for business documents that can be extended to meet the requirements of particular industries.




• Competing Standards Universes– ebXML

– RosettaNet

– UCCNet


Web Services Standards• Competing Standards Universes

– ebXML• Standard

– OASIS & UN/CEFACT (1999) ISO 15000 (2004)

• Purpose– “The ebXML initiative was conceived due to the widely held

need to enable enterprises of any size and in any geographical location to conduct business electronically in a simple, cheap reliable way.”

• History– Response to EDI costs– Developed pre-Web services

» SOAP still controlled by Microsoft– Adopted in a variety of industries, particularly strong in Asia.




Syntax XML

ebXML Web Services

XML

Messaging

Registry

Reliability

Security

Process

Payload

ebXML-MSG* SOAP

UDDIebXML-RIM/RS

ebXML-MSG

ebXML-MSG

WS-Reliability

WS-Security

WS-BPELebXML- BP

Core Components not specified

Interop. ebXML IIC WS-I




• Dual Transport Support– “Health Level Seven (HL7) recently announced that two

Version 3 (V3) transport specifications - Web Services and ebXML - have passed the ballot stage and have been approved as Draft Standards for Trial Use (DSTUs).”

(Ann Arbor, Mich. -- April 27, 2004 -- Health Level Seven, Inc.)

– Same for other industries (AIAG etc.)

• Multiple Registries– UDDI and ebXML Registries

• Convergence/Overlap of ebXML and Web Services?– ebXML can leverage SOAP



• Web Services Utopia– Semantic Web

• The goal of the Semantic Web is to develop enabling standards and technologies designed to help machines understand more information on the Web so that they can support richer discovery, data integration, navigation, and automation of tasks. […]

(Berners-Lee, 2001)



• Web Services Utopia– Semantic Web

• Many proposed WSDL/UDDI extensions/alternatives– e.g. DAML [DARPA Agent Markup Language]

• OWL-S [Web Ontology Language for Services]

– Semantic Markup for Web Services– OWL is a W3C recommendation (Feb. 2004)

• RDF [Resource Description Framework]

– RDF/XML is a W3C recommendation (Feb. 2004)



• Standardization– Resources

• Standardization Organizations– www.w3c.org– www.oasis-open.org– www.ws-i.org– http://www.unece.org/cefact/

• Other– www.ebxml.org– http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/

– www.marchaines.com/standards

http://www.w3c.org/

http://www.oasis-open.org/

http://www.ws-i.org/

http://www.unece.org/cefact/

http://www.ebxml.org/

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/

http://www.marchaines.com/standards

http://www.marchaines.com/standards



• Questions

– Which are the important standards for you?

– How much should you care about standards development/maturity?

– …

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Web Services: Navigating the Standards Landscape Marc N. Haines CTI Workgroup – Web Services.

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