Weekly Group Meeting20080625

Title: Radio Design in Nanometer Technologies (Chapters 1 -3)

By

Assad Saleem

2

Chapter 1

“4G” AND THE WIRELESS WORLD

2015 CHALLENGES IN SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURES AND

COMMUNICATION PARADIGMS

3

Technology Transformation

• From: an expansive, highly visible “high-tech” technology as in early cell phone

• To: “a disappearing technology” that is present everywhere and taken for granted

4

Flexible air interfaces

• Problems:– Complexity– Inherent lack of flexibility– Built-in flexibility in the system is not

sufficient to meet future needs

5

Six Grand Challenges in Wireless Systems

• Scalability and affordability (affordable mass market services

• Seamlessness and Transparency• Mastering complexity of interaction (high quality

services that are easy to use for every one)• Zero-configuration and reliability (cognitive,

adaptive and self-configuring)• Regulative environment (lowering regulatory

barriers to stimulate innovation)• Policies and business models

6

Challenges in Radio Designalso

Two key requirements for future radios• Multi-mode capability

– Not useful since the expected life cycle time in terminals is short compared to the deployment rate of new infrastructure

– E.g., a laptop PC; the vast majority of users use pre-installed software and never install new software on their own.

• Spectrum agility– Focus here is on wide frequency range rather than re-

configurability and programmability– In this respect radios do not need to be software defined– Also, a cognitive radio does not need to be software

defined

7

Chapter 2

CELLULAR RF REQUIREMENTS AND

INTEGRATION TRENDS

8

Handset Technology Drivers

• From:– 3kg

– $3000

– useless

• To:– 100g

– $100

– Weeks of standby time

9

Handset Complexity• Ericsson GH192

– Single band digital radio modem

– 2 PCBs

– RF part 5200mm2

– 350 RF components

– 2 ASICs

– 2 ICs

– 12 modules

– 5 V

• Ericsson T39– Triple band digital

radio modem

– 1 PCB

– RF part 1000mm2

– 90 RF components

– 2 ASICs

– 1 IC

– 5 modules

– 2.7 V

• Ericsson T28– Two band digital radio

modem

– 1 PCB

– RF part 1300mm2

– 140 RF components

– 3 ASICs

– 1 IC

– 4 modules

– 3.6 V (2.7 V)

10

RF Transceiver Design Challenges

• Frequency Conversion

• Noise

• Linearity

• Selectivity

• Domain and ASIC Technology choices

11

Chapter 3

SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO – VISIONS, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS

12

Software Defined Radio

• A generic hardware which can be programmed to perform any kind of radio function and comply with any radio standard

• Software defined radio will be feasible within 10 years

13

Software Defined Radio

• Started for military to serve multi standard during joint operations

• Trend in civil market is fast moving in a direction where we need such devices

• Its because of so many standards:– GSM, GPRS, EDGE, IS-95(CDMA), CDMA2000,

WCDMA, HSUPA, HSDPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE

– WiMAX (802.16d, 802.16e)

– WiFi (802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g)

– DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-H, DAB

– Bluetooth

14

US Govt. lead research on SDR

• Open source software communication architecture

15

Kernel Identification

(still working …)

16

Transceiver

FormatSourceencode

EncryptChannelencode

MultiplexPulse

Modul-ation

BandpassModul-

ation

Frequencyspread

Multipleaccess

XMT

Synchro-nization

FormatSourceDecode

DecryptChanneldecode

Demult-iplex

DetectDemodulate& Sample

Frequencydespread

Multipleaccess

RCV

CHANNEL

Informationsource

Informationsink

17

GSM Transceiver

FormatSourceencode

EncryptChannelencode

MultiplexPulse

Modul-ation

BandpassModul-

ation

Frequencyspread

Multipleaccess

XMT

Synchronization

FormatSourceDecode

DecryptChanneldecode

Demult-iplex

DetectDemodulate& Sample

Frequencydespread

Multipleaccess

RCV

CHANNEL

Informationsource

Informationsink

GMSKFDMA/TDMA/

FDD

13 kbit/sRPE-LTP

InterleavingEqualization

Antenna diversityFreq. hopping

18

Kernels for TDM (GSM) Tx/Rx baseband Processing

• Modulation• Burst forming &

Multiplexing• Encryption• Bit interleaving• Channel Coding• Speech Coding

• Demodulation• De-multiplexing

• Decryption• Bit De-interleaving• Channel Decoding• Speech Decoding

19

IS-95 Transceiver

FormatSourceencode

EncryptChannelencode

MultiplexPulse

Modul-ation

BandpassModul-

ation

Frequencyspread

Multipleaccess

XMT

Synchronization

FormatSourceDecode

DecryptChanneldecode

Demult-iplex

DetectDemodulate& Sample

Frequencydespread

Multipleaccess

RCV

CHANNEL

Informationsource

Informationsink

GMSKCDMA/FDMA/

FDD

LPCEVRC

InterleavingEqualization

Antenna diversityFreq. hopping

20

Kernels for CDMA Tx/Rx baseband Processing

• Multiplexer• Mapper

• Block interleaver• Viterbi Encoder

• Correlator• De-multiplexer• Symbol Extraction,

Demapping• De-interleaver• Viterbi Decoder• CRC Detector

21

Kernels for OFDMA Tx/Rx baseband Processing

• Append Cyclic Prefix• IFFT• Sub-channelization &

Pilot Insertion

• Symbol Mapping• Interleaving• FEC Coding• Randomization

• Remove Cyclic Prefix• FFT• De-subchannelization

& Pilot Extraction• Channel Estimation,

Equalization and CFO Correction

• Symbol De-mapping• De-interleaving• FEC Coding• De-randomization

22

Common Kernels

• Multiplexer• Symbol Mapping• Interleaver

• De-multiplexer• Symbol De-mapping• De-interleaver

23

References

1. M. Ismail, D. Gonzalez “Radion Design in Nanometer Technologies” 2006 Springer

2. Bernard Sklar “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications” Pearson Education

3. A. F. Molisch “Wireless Communications” IEEE Press John Wiley

Thank You.