Who will be the Winner of the Battle between PDP, LCD and Projection?

by Prof. Dr. Ir. Harm Tolner

E-mail: h.tolner1@chello.nl

FPD Technology Overview

by Harm Tolner

Which Display Will Win?

Bruce Berkhoff (LPL)

• …We will swamp the PDPs ….

• ….. 30-40 TFT’s will displace plasmas …

• …. (plasmas) don’t have the brightness, they have burn in problems ……

 

Kazuya Yamamoto, an analyst with UFJ Tsubasa Securities Co:

• ….In the U.S. demand for plasma displays televisions is exceeding liquid crystal displays ….

• ….Fujitsu Hitachi had no choice but to build a new PDP plant, with rival companies accelerating production

Source: Drawing by Bonnie from “The Clock”

Set prices CES 2004

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Set 'Visible' Diagonal size

Set

pri

ce i

n U

SD

PDP

LCD

CPT

DLP-LCoS-LCDProjection

CRT Proj

DesignPDP

PROJECTION – THE NEW WAVE ?

• Rear projection becomes new TV battleground, according to iSuppli……

• Major Taiwan Flat Panel Manufacturers focusing on LCOS TV Technology…….

• Lower-Priced Projection TV Outshines Plasma Hype…

• Thomson RCA/InFocus - 61-inch RPTV that is only 6.85 inches deep

• TV makers such as Philips Electronics and Sony Corp. (SNE) have dabbled in LCoS chips for their own TVs……

• Intel - Unveiled its LCOS technology for RPTVs….and left….

Samsung developed high-definition PDP televisions of 80-inch and 102-inch diagonal size

Resolution of 1,920×1,080 pixels, a brightness of 1,000-candela-per-square-meter and a contrast ratio of > 2,000:1

Luminance lifetime of PDP

• 60,000 hours in video mode

• Guaranteed by 3 companies

Luminance Degradation with Life

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

Operation Time ( Hours )

Lu

min

ance

( c

d/m

^2

)

PDP3rd Generation

PDP2nd Generation

LCD37 inch Diagonal

Luminance maintenance of 50-inch PDP (Pioneer, SID04),compared with a 37-inch LCD (Sharp)

0H 2000H 5000Hdisplaying image

Much darker areas near four cornersseven dark lines(14-15 CCFL lamps)

7000H (Mura)

Conditions:• peak luminance 400 cd/m2, 140 W, 23C• no power saving, 24 hours, 7 days per week• switched 168 times every week

Full white

Dar

ker

scre

en

Dark gray

Burn-in images on a 37-LCD-TV

LCD makers compare LCD and PDP by the value of maximum power consumption.Maximum power consumption is a measure for power-line safety (line capability /safety breaker), but it is not a measure of actual (effective) power consumption.

The actual power consumption however is determined by the “annual power consumption” ,as defined in Japan.

This measure should be applied to compare the power consumption of displays.

Annual power consumption =

((Operating power) - (Save power by power saving mode) x 1/4) x 1642.5

+ (Stand-by power) x 7117.5

The average power consumption for TV use is calculated as follows;

　 　 Operating power = (White display power + Black display power) x 1/2 Stand-by power = (Power at main switch off + Power at remote switch off) x 1/2 Save power by power saving mode = Operating power - Power at saving mode)

Power Consumption

0 15 22 30 34 43 50(diagonal2) 　 Screen Area

600550500450400350300250200150100500A

nn

ual

po

wer

co

nsu

mp

tio

n(k

Ｗ･

hour

/yea

r)

Lower than LCD-TV

Same screen size

Relation between screen area and power consumption

3 Gen Pioneer

4 Gen Pioneer

LCD

LCD-TV Improvement of Image Defects requires higher power consumption and higher cost

Large Screen : Same size LCD-TV will not be lower power consumption than PDP TV.

High Image Quality　 Improvement of Image retention requires:

Black screen insert = Decrease of luminance → Increase of back light number→ Increase of power consumption → Increase of lamp luminance → Shorter lamp lifetimeBack light blinking = Decrease of luminance → Increase of lamp luminance → Shorter lamp lifetime or higher cost (LED)

　 Increase of peak luminance: (Peak luminance of TV picture does not reach the value of catalogue spec.) Increase of lamp luminance → Increase of power consumption

→ Shorter lamp lifetime　 Improve luminance uniformity:

(low luminance on outer screen area) Increase of back light number → Increase of power consumption & Cost upImprovement by optical diffuser → Cost up

Tech

nolo

gy Surface discharge

Two-electrode type

Front phosphor layer

He-Xe

対向型

Three-electrode type

Reflective phosphor layerNe-Xe

Xe (5 ％ )Low Xe content (1 ％ )

High Xe (>10 ％ )

L

(experiment)

L (product)

η(experimen

t)

η(product)

This figure shows that luminous efficacy will increase continuously in the near future.

1985 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010年

10

5

2

1

0.5

0.2

0.1Pan

el lu

mi n

ou

s e

fficacy

( lm

/W)

100

0

500

200

100

50

20

Pan

el p

eak lu

min

an

ce (

cd

/m2)Improvement of luminous efficacy of PDP

(panel power reduction)

When does LCD seem to be beautiful?• In brightly illuminated show rooms• A bright environment hides the gradation in a dark picture. • Appealing thanks to low ambient light reflectivity.

Home use:• A picture with perfect black is important for watching movies• Customers in Japan are not satisfied when they purchase an LCD-TV and watch movies at home. • The LCD black surface seems bluish and a human face seems pale-white• PDP has perfect black at home

LCD is Not a high quality display for movies at home !

Contrast of an LCD-TV

The quality of the image of PDP’s does not change with viewing angle.

The quality of an LCD changes with viewing angle.

Such a display is not good for large area TV in a living-room!

For LCD, in dark environment black image seems whitish and from oblique direction the effect becomes large.

For LCD, in bright environment black image seems whitish from oblique direction.

Dark room contrast ratio (horizontal direction)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Viewing Angle （ deg. ）

Co

ntr

ast

ra

tio

LCDPDP

Bright room (at 100 lx) contrast ratio (horizontal direction ）

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

LCD PDP

Co

ntr

ast

ra

tio

Viewing Angle （ deg. ）

Response time of LCD versus PDP

PDPLCD

Company P

(43-in)

Company A

（ 30-in.)

8ms

(scene independent)

40 ～ 50msSmall change of luminance

High change of luminance

5 ～ 16ms

(but 40ms including after response ）

COM (Chip On Metal)2nd generation

TCP (Tape Carrier Package)4th generation

New driver IC’s for PDP with 192 outputs: $2 per IC. The total cost of data driver ICs for a High Definition PDP is now only $ 60

New generation PDP address driver modules(address power reduction)

Gen 7 Magic ?

• So what magic will result from even larger substrates in Gen 7 ????

• New PDP factories already uses that substrate size (180 x 230 cm)! Two years ahead of LCD!

• LCD Materials cost is dominant and this will not be reduced by Gen 7 lines !

CO

ST

3.23.02.82.62.42.22.0

1.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

0

1.81.6

’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 Year

PDP TV

LCD-TV

Source: JEITA

Cost Roadmap 42-inch HDTV PDP-TV and LCD-TV(relative values)

Result: 8 million PDP panels in 2007

(LCD curve adapted to include the effect of 7G-LCD lines)

PDP will be the Winner of the 42-inch Battle

Between

PDP and LCD

Luminance lifePower consumptionImage qualityProduction cost

Summary

,from any point of view:

Acknowledgement&

Disclaimer

• Many people have contributed to this comparison of PDP with LCD• I thank especially Dr Uchidoi of Pioneer for providing data from Pioneer and Larry

Weber for providing a critical analysis of PDP versus LCD• Adaptation of the original material has been done by Harm Tolner and the compilation

presented here is the copyright of Harm Tolner, and can only be further used by referring to this publication.

• Any conclusions from the data in this report is at the sole responsibility of the reader.• Harm Tolner, nor any one else mentioned in this report, can be held liable for the

correctness or completeness of the information given in this report.• Harm Tolner invites readers to send additional data for further comparison of PDP and

LCD • Eindhoven, 3 February 2005