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Aim: To overview the

influence of differenttheories on learning To outline the theory of behaviourism

and humanism

To explain the influence ofbehaviourism and humanism onclassroom application

To compare the influence ofbehaviourism and humanism in theclassroom

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Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)Stage 1:

Food Salivation

Stage 2 (learning): Bell + Food Salivation

Stage 3:

Bell Salivation

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John Watson (1920)

Little AlbertLittle Albert

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Conditioning Little Albert

Stage 1:

Loud noise

FearStage 2 (learning):

Rabbit + Noise Fear

Stage 3: Rabbit Fear

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Classical Conditioning in

the classroom1. A supportive environment acts as a

stimulus for study

2. The association of a subject with aparticularly facilitative teacher

3. Habitual expectations about classroomdiscipline or assessment

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Thorndikes Law of Effect

(1874-1949)1. Repetition or practice will

strengthen the stimulus-response

bonds.2. If pleasure or satisfaction is

associated with a particularsituation it will lead to repetition.

3. Response that occurs just before asatisfying event tends to be learnt.

4. Rewards are more effective thanpunishments.

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Tic, Tac, Toe

Give me a high, Give me a low

Give me a 3 in a row

Polly got shot by a UFO

Dot, dot, line, line

Spider crawling up your spine,

Tight squeeze, cool breeze

Can you feel the shiveries?

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The Behavioural Approach

Based on stimulus response theory

Controlled by the teacher External reinforcement used to

motivate

Prompting techniques are used

Teacher centred and structured

Objectives are clear and measurable

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HumanisticEducation

developedasa reactionagainstbehaviourism

behaviourism wasseenasreducingthe conceptof the humanbeing.

The personwasseenasbeing worthyof dignity andteachersneededtodevelop qualitiesof worth andself-esteem. (Maslow andRogers)

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Humanistic approach

Learning is individual

The teacher enables the student to learn

from their own insights, experiences,evaluations and reflections

The teacher does not tell the studentsanything they just ask the right questions

Enables students to develop critical thinkingand creativity

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Summerhill - 1960

An open private school in Southern Englandfounded in 1921 by A. S Neill Scottish

writer and rebel. He created a community in which children

could be free from adult authority thefunctionofachildistolive hisownlife- notthe life thathisanxiousparentsthinkhe shouldlive, noralifeaccordingtothe purpose oftheeducatorwhothinkshe knowsbest

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Imagine a school....

Where we have freedom to be ourselves Where success is not defined by academic

achievement, but by the childs owndefinition of success Where the whole school deals

democratically with issues Where you can play all day if you want to And there is time and space to sit and

dream Summerhillschool.co.uk

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F

ind a partner to workwith someone whoworks in the same domain

of learning as you do.

Decide which statements

reflect which of the twolearning theories.

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