Date post: | 04-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | nicholas-markellos |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
1/70
Age of Revolutions
Napoleon and the Congress System
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
2/70
Napoleons Rise to Power
The Directory under
the new Constitution
gave a lot of power tothe military.
Assisted the
antimonarchist coup
detatin 1797 andsaved the Republic.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
3/70
Military Victories Early on Napoleon
was very successful.
1797 - Treaty ofCampo Formiocontrolled
Switzerland andItaly.
1799 - Invaded Egypt
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
4/70
State of France
The Directory encounters problems
- Economic Crisis
- The International War
Constitution of Year VIII - Abbe Sieyes
employed Napoleon to stage a second coup
detat. confidence from below, power from above.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
5/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
6/70
Protector of the Republic?
Quickly Napoleon established a balance of
power by applying democratic principles,
such as: Destroyed Feudal Privileges
Security of Property for the Middle Class
Universal Male Suffrage
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
7/70
Treaties 1801- Treaty of Luneville took Austria
out of the war.
1802- Treaty of Amiens brought peace to
Europe, including Britain.
1802 - Concordat in Rome brought peace
with the pope and the church.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
8/70
Napoleonic Code 1802 - Napoleon became Consul for
Life and then led France into a
codification of laws. 1804 - Napoleonic Code helped
establish a Dynasty.
Emperor Napoleon I - December 2,1804.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
9/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
10/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
11/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
12/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
13/70
Naval Blunder
Napoleon lost the Battle of Trafalgar
to the British.
He lost all hopes of invading Britain
Launched an Economic War on
Britain and continued his marchacross Europe.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
14/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
15/70
Battle of Austerlitz
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
16/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
17/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
18/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
19/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
20/70
A Dictator of Sorts
Napoleon transformed Europe into a
Continental System.
Instituted Reforms wherever he ruled.
-Napoleonic Code
-Freed serfs and peasants
-social distinctions
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
21/70
German Nationalism
Most of German lands were subject
to the rule of Napoleon.
Only Prussia governed itself.
Many German Romantics developed
a nationalistic spirit that called toresist French Rule.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
22/70
Prussian Reform
Prussia feared another defeat likethe one at Jena, in 1806.
Instituted internal reforms.
- Political Reform
- Military Reform
Baron von Stein (1757-1831)
Count von Hardenberg (1750-1822)
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
23/70
Europe at War
The Wars of Liberation
Spain - more than any other country
resisted French Rule.
Austria - tried to establish a war ofrevenge, but lost at every chance.
In 1809, Napoleon married theAustrian princess Marie Louise.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
24/70
Pyrrhic Dance
Several factors led to the warbetween France and Russia
1. Breaking the Treaty of Tilsit
2. Failed marriage negotiations
3. The Continental System
By 1810, Tsar Alexander declaredwar on the French Empire.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
25/70
A Dead End War
Napoleons Grand Army greatly
outnumbered the Russians.
The invasion, however, did not favor
Napoleon.
Russians employed a
scratch and
burn tactic.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
26/70
Russian Preparation
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
27/70
Battle of Borodino
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
28/70
Moscow, 1812
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
29/70
European Coalition
Metternich rounded up a coalition torid Napoleon of European
dominance. Russia, Prussia, Austria, & Britain
Battle of Nations, in 1814 forced
Napoleon to abdicate and flee toElba.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
30/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
31/70
The Congress of Vienna
Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh &
Prince Metternich headed the congress.
Treaty of ChaumontMarch 9, 1814
- Restoration of Bourbons
- Quadruple Alliance
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
32/70
Congressional Policy
It is our duty, as well as interest, to
regard, if we cannot avert, the
return of a more contentious order
of things.
~R. S. Castlereagh
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
33/70
Bourbon Restoration
Louis XVIII agreed to aconstitutional monarchy and
guaranteed the following:- an elected legislature
- religious freedom
- The Napoleonic Code
- equality before the law
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
34/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
35/70
Battle of Waterloo
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
36/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
37/70
Napoleons Legacy
Napoleons reign following the
revolutionary government showed the
power of the nationhood, which inspiredEurope.
Birth of the Age of Ideologies
Romanticism, Nationalism, Liberalism
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
38/70
Bourbon Restoration
Louis XVIII -
political realist
ConstitutionalMonarchy
established
The Charter
Ultraroyalism -
White Terror
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
39/70
Nationalism
The belief that a nation is composed
of people who are joined by common
bonds.
Opposed the Congress of Vienna
The notion of
popular sovereignty
The Nation and Nationhood.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
40/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
41/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
42/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
43/70
Liberalism
Liberalism grew out of the
nineteenth century political turmoil.
Seeped in Enlightenment ideals.
Wanted Constitutions and political
freedom. Responsible Government
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
44/70
Political & Economic
Goals Wanted boarder political
participation, but not democracy.
Privilege based on wealth and
property.
The rising middle-class
Laissez-faire Economics
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
45/70
Conservatism
The domestic political order among
European countries tended to be
conservative in form & principle.
Pillars of conservatism were
legitimate monarchies, landed
aristocracies, and established
churches.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
46/70
Epitome of Conservatism
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
47/70
Conservative Tenets
Opposed the rule of popular
sovereignty and economic liberty.
Limited constitutions - power
control by monarchies &
aristocracies.
The alliance system
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
48/70
Universities
Several student groups rise up
supporting the cause of nationalism.
Burchenschaften - Germany
Karl Sand1819-20 became a
martyr for the student nationalistgroups.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
49/70
Sand murders Kotzebue
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
50/70
Sands Execution
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
51/70
Carlsbad Decrees
1. Government officials appointed to each
University
2. No teacher/professor allowed to serve as agovernment official
3. Banned secret societies and organizations
4. Rule of expulsion
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
52/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
53/70
St. Peters Field 1819
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
54/70
Six Acts
1. Forbade large public meetings
2. Raised fines for seditious libel
3. Speedy trial for political agitators4. Increased newspaper tax
5. Prohibited the training of armed groups
6. Allowed local officials to search homeson suspicion.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
55/70
The Congress System
1815-1822 European international relations
were controlled by congresses.
1815: Vienna Concert of Europe
1818: Aix-la-Chapelle
1820: Troppau
1821: Laibach
1822: Verona
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
56/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
57/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
58/70
Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle
Arranged for the withdrawal of the
allied army of occupation from
France
Admitted France into the concert of
Europe.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
59/70
Latin American Revolution
1804-1824
Inspired by the French Revolution
and the Napoleonic period.
Witnessed the end of Spanish
colonial rule.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
60/70
Spanish Revolution
1820-1823
Began with a mutiny of army troops
under Colonel Rafael Riego.
Opposed the persecution of liberals
by Ferdinand VII.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
61/70
Congress of Troppau
Summoned by Metternich because of
the outbreak of revolution in Spain.
Protocol of Troppau authorized
armed intervention into any state
that engaged in a revolution.
England opposed.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
62/70
Italian Revolution
1820-1821
Secret liberal nationalist
organizations - carbonari
Opposed the absolutist rule of
Ferdinand I of Kingdom of TwoSicilies
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
63/70
Congress of Laibach
Authorized Austrian troops to end
the revolutionary changes in the
Italy, where the revolution spread toSpain.
No decision made concerning Spain
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
64/70
Greek Revolution
1821-1830
Primarily a nationalist uprising that
opposed Ottoman Empire (Turks)
Greek Independence recognized by
the Treaty of Adrianople 1829
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
65/70
Congress of Verona
Was called because of the continuing
Spanish Revolution and the
outbreak of revolution in Greece.
England withdrew from the Concert
under the direction of George
Canning.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
66/70
Russian Dismay
In 1825, Russia began to encounter aseries of problems.
Army developed reformistsympathies
Secret Societies spring up and echo
the liberal doctrine Change Russia --- Free the Serfs.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
67/70
The Decembrist Revolt
Two crisis breakout in 1825.
The First was Tsar Alexander died
with no direct heir to the throne.
Secondly, Moscow regiment of the
Russian Army refused to swearallegiance to Nicholas.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
68/70
Tsar Nicholas I
Orthodoxy, Autocracy, &
Nationalism
Refused to abolish serfdom
Reform Movements:
- Official Nationality- Codification of Russian Law
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
69/70
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 12
70/70
Next Week
Why did the revolutions of 1848 fail
throughout Europe?
What roles did liberals and
nationalists play in the revolutions?
Why did they sometimes clash?