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World Cultures
Mid Term Review
The Middle East
What were the Christian holy wars (aimed at recapturing the
Holy Land) called?
• Crusades
Why did Israel become a center of conflict after World War II?
• Jews wanted to create an independent state there
What Middle Eastern people establish a great empire along
the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley?
• Sumerians
What did Muhammad write at the request of the Allah?
• Koran
What does OPEC stand for?
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
What religion do 90% of Middle Easterners follow?
• Islam
What resource has made the Persian Gulf important?
• Oil
Which country held American diplomats hostage for 444 days
in 1979?
• Iran
What is Zionism?
The international movement for the establishment of a Jewish national community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel.
What two groups fought fiercely over the Holy Land?
• Israelis and Palestinians
What area did the earliest of Middle East civilization settle? • The Fertile Crescent
What was the main goal of the PLO?
• Regain Palestinian territory and establish a Palestinian state
What led to the United States getting involved in the 1991
Persian Gulf War?
• Iraq invaded Kuwait
Why did the French and the British fight over Egypt for in
the 1880s?
Both countries wanted to build a canal across the Suez
What was the result of the United States and the Soviet
Union supplying arms and aid to the Middle East for over
forty years?
• The militaries of these countries were strengthened, but the countries were unstable
What are basic elements of Christianity?
Jesus was the messiah, Jesus was the son of God, Belief in teachings of Jesus
What are basic elements of Judaism?
Passover, religion of Hebrews, Jews were the chosen people
What are basic elements of Islam?
• The Five Pillars, the Koran, Praying towards the city of Mecca
China
What was the mandate of heaven said to explain?
• The dynastic cycle
What did one have to do in order to become a government official in traditional China?
• Pass a series of strenuous exams
What was the cause of the 1911 Chinese Civil War?
• China declared itself a republic with no set form of government
What German philosopher was said to inspire Mao Zedong?
• Karl Marx
Who is the founder of Daoism?
Lao-zi
What was the result of the Opium Wars?
China was forced into a series of unequal treaties with European nations
What modern policy has China enacted to help solve the
overpopulation problem?
• One child policy
How were women treated in traditional China?
Inferior to men
How did traditional Chinese rulers come into power?
• Mandate of Heaven
Who was the first leader in the Republic of China?
• Dr. Sun Yatsen
What are major themes of Confucianism?
Inner attitude of being humane and loving
Where do most people live in China?
• Eastern third of the country
What is calligraphy?
• The art of writing with a brush and ink
What historical structure was built in China in the earlier
part of civilization?
The Great Wall
Japan
What is the main physical feature in Japan?
• Mountains
What is the major religion of Japan today?
Combination of Buddhism and Shinto
How was a person’s social class determined during the Tokugawa shogunate?
• Heredity
What was the main problem that the Japanese had with
Shinto? Did not give answers to questions about
life and death
What is Japan’s government today?
• Constitutional Monarchy
How did the majority of Japanese feel about Americans
in the 1800s?
. Americans were a threat to their culture
What natural occurrence does Japan experience many of?
Earthquakes
After what incident did Japan finally surrender during World
War II?
• Bombing of Nagasaki
What was the main goal of the Allies after WWII?
Make sure Japan would never threaten world peace again
Geography
What does interdependence mean?
Depending on other countries for goods, resources, and knowledge
What are physical features?
• natural elements of the environment
What are political features?
Boundaries made by humans
What is culture?
All things that make up a people’s way of life
How does religion strengthen society?
• Teaches values that all people accept
What is ethnocentrism?
Judging other cultures by standards of one’s own culture
How have people used the environment over the years?
People have adapted to and changed the environment in which they live
What is westernization?
• The adoption of western cultures