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WORLD HEART DAY 2012

“ Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention among Women and Children”

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More common than you may think !!Heart disease and Stroke are the world’s

leading cause of death, claiming 17.3

mil lion lives each year and the numbers

are rising !!

By 2030, it is expected that 23 mill ion

people wil l die from Cardiovascular 

diseases (CVDs) annually!!

CVD is rapidly increasing in India & our 

country will be host to more than half of 

the cases in the World within the next

15-20 years

The disease occurs at a much younger 

age in Indians as compared to those in

North America & Western Europe

 A Report from the American Heart Association Stat ist ics Committee. Circulation. 2011, 121:e1-e192

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Women & Heart Disease

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More fatal than any other disease !!

Worldwide, 8.6 million women die from heart disease each year , accounting for a third of all

deaths in women

42.7 million women worldwide are currently living wi th some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

7.5 mil lion women are currently living with coronary heart disease (CHD)

42% of women who have heart attacks die within 1 year, compared to 24% of men

CVD caused 1 death per minute among women in 2009. That represents more female lives than

were claimed by cancer, Alzheimer disease, and accidents combined

Under age 50, women’s heart attacks are twice as l ikely as men’s to be fatal

(A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee. Circulation. 2011; 121:e1-

e192)

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 Affects more women than men !!

More women than men die of cardiovascular disease each year 

23% of women and 18% of men wil l die within one year of a first recognized heart

attack; 22-32% of women and 15-27% of men heart attack survivors wil l die within

five years

12-25% of women and 7-22% of men heart attack survivors wil l be diagnosed with

heart failure within five years

(A Report from the American Heart Association Statist ics Committee. Circulation. 2011; 121:e1-e192)

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Is different in women ….

Early menopause, a rising trend among Indian

women, has now been associated with increased

risk of heart condition and stroke

Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome

are at increased risk for CV events

Heart disease manifests dif ferently in women, affecting the microvasculature

(small blood vessels) instead of the macro-vasculature (major blood vessels) as

it does in men

Heart disease symptoms in women may be different from those experienced

by men

Many women who have a heart attack may not even know about it !!

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Who is at-risk?

Cigarette smokers are 2 to 4 times more likely to

develop heart disease than non-smokers

High levels of Blood Cholesterol - 46% of 

adult women have total cholesterol of more than

200mg/dL

Physical inactivity - Only 32.7% of women get

regular meaningful physical activi ty

Obesity – 59% of Caucasian women, almost

58% of African-American women, and 55%

 Asian women are overweight or obese

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Who is at-risk?

Diabetes - Women with diabetes have a 2.5

increased risk of developing CVD and a 2.2increased of dying from CVD.

Uncontrolled Hypertension

Metabolic syndrome —

a combination of fat around your abdomen, high

blood pressure, high blood sugar and dyslipidemia,

has a greater impact on women than on men.

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Who is at-risk?

Menopause - After menopause, women have a

signif icant increase in the risk of heart disease

… due to decreasing levels of the female

hormone estrogen during menopause

Estrogen is associated with higher levels of 

high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good

cholesterol" ) and lower levels of low-density

lipoprotein (LDL or " bad cholesterol" )

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Children & Heart Disease

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Cardiovascular disease among children

Children are particularly at r isk, since they have little control over their 

environment and can be limited in choices to live heart healthily

Children are vulnerable too …

The risk for cardiovascular disease begins

during foetal development and increase further 

during childhood with exposure to unhealthydiets, lack of Physical activity and the epidemic

of Childhood obesity

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Children & Cholesterol

Children and adolescents who have high

cholesterol levels are more likely to become

adults with high cholesterol levels

 Approximately 10 percent of adolescents

between the ages of 12 and 19 have "high“

total cholesterol levels (over 200 mg/dl)

Simple dietary modifications can signif icantlylower total and LDL cholesterol levels in

parents and their children

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Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is one type of 

heart disease that occurs when the

blood vessels that supply blood to the

heart muscle (coronary arteries) are

narrowed or blocked.

This narrowing or blockage is most

often caused by the buildup of fat

(cholesterol) and calcium inside the

walls of the arteries leading to the heart

called Plaques.

This process is called atherosclerosis,

or hardening of the arteries

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 Angina Vs Heart Attack

Plaque may narrow the arteries, reducing

blood flow to the heart muscle. If blood

flow to the heart is reduced, a person may

have chest pain (anginaangina)

 A plaque may suddenly rupture or tear 

open, causing a blood clot to form in an

artery

When blood flow to the heart muscle is

blocked for an extended period of time,

this sometimes results in a heart attack

(myocardial infarction)

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Treatment OptionsMedical Treatment

Low dose Aspirin / Clopidogrel (Blood thinning agents)

•Treatment aims to balance blood supply to the heart with heart

oxygen demand, and prevent worsening of coronary heart disease

•Helps in preventing blood clot formation and obstruction of arteries

Statins

• Reduce the amounts of lipids (cholesterol and other fats) in blood

• They slow or stop the progression of coronary heart disease• Have beneficial effects immediately after a heart attack or threatened

heart attack, even before the fat lowering effect is maximal, meaning they

stabilize the plaque

• Examples include Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Rosuvastatin (Crestor) etc

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 Angioplasty

Angioplasty is a surgical procedure that

improves blood flow by opening up blood

vessels that have narrowed due to

deposits of plaque

Surgical Treatment

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Bypass Surgery

With bypass surgery, arteries or

veins are taken from other parts of 

the body to create the grafts that

channel the needed blood flow to

the coronary arteries

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Prevention is the Key

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Physical ActivityPhysical Activity

Being physically inactive is as risky as having

high blood cholesterol levels, high blood

pressure or cigarette smoking

Health experts recommend at least 30 minutes

of physical activity each day to reduce the risk

of heart disease

Physically active parents can model heart-

healthy lifestyle behaviors for their children

Research shows physically active children

become physically active adults

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Maintain a Healthy WeightControl portions (the amount of food you eat)

Do not use food as a reward for good behavior or goodgrades for kids

Limit snacking and be aware of the snack foods your 

kids are eating

Eat meals as a family so it is easier to know what and

how much your child is eating

Increase your physical activity and f ind fun exercise

Limit the amount of time your chi ld spends watching

TV and playing on the computer 

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Watch your diet

Good nutrit ion is important to your heart

health, and it will help control some of your heart disease risk factors

Eat a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables,

and whole grains

Choose lean proteins, such as chicken,

fish, beans, and legumes

Eat low-fat dairy products, such as

skim milk and low-fat yogurt

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Watch your diet

 Avoid sodium (salt) and fats found in fr ied

foods, processed foods, and baked goods

Eat fewer animal products l ike red meat

Read labels and stay away from " saturated fat"

and anything that contains " partially hydrogenated"

or "hydrogenated" fats

These products are usually loaded with unhealthy

fats

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Stop Smoking

Stop smoking and protect yourself from tobacco

 Avoid smoke-filled environments as exposure to second-hand smoke

signif icantly increases risk of heart attack

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 THANK YOU