Kathryn M. Rudy, Postcards on Parchment: The Social Lives of Medieval BooksYale University Press [images, part III]

Besloten hofje with Christ crucified on an altar with seven candlesticks, and the Calling of the Unicorn, Malines, 1500–25. Mixed media. Wooden cabinet: 124 x 158.5 x 33 cm. Malines, Museum Schepenhuis

Mary Magdalene with her attribute, bones, badges and a round parchment painting, detail from the Besloten hofje in fig. 196, Malines, 1500–25. Malines, Museum Schepenhuis

Round parchment painting inscribed with the words from the Gospel of John, detail (inverted) from the Besloten hofje in fig. 196, Malines, 1500–25. Malines, Museum Schepenhuis

Inri design, drawing on paper added to Gerard Zerbolt van Zutphen’s On Spiritual Climbing, Maaseik, 1445. Book block: 216 x 143 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 73 H 18, fol. 1v

Alphabet and the ihs monogram, parchment sheet, English (?), c. 1400. Pepys Calligraphic Collection, Magdalene College, Cambridge

Herman Strepel, poster to advertise his calligraphy classes, Münster, 1447. Parchment, 250 x 330 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 76 D 45, no. 4A

Herman Strepel, poster to advertise his calligraphy classes, Münster, 1447. Parchment, 256 x 330 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 76 D 45, no. 4B

The ihs monogram inside a flaming disk with inscription and border decoration, parchment painting padded and stitched to be used as a pallium, probably from Zutphen, c. 1450-1490. 150 x 150 mm. Utrecht, Rijksmuseum het Catharijneconvent, ABM h 4b

The name of Jesus inside a radiant disk, parchment painting to be used as a pallium, loosely tucked into a book of hours after the calendar, Groningen, Feldwerd Monastery (?), c. 1500. Book block: 133 x 94; parchment painting: 95 x 85 mm. Zwolle, Historisch Centrum Overijssel, Ms. Emm. 12, fol. 13v

Christ displaying his wounds and bleeding into a chalice, pax made of moulded pipe-clay in Utrecht, 1450–70. 620 mm high x 350 wide x 250 deep. Utrecht, Rijksmuseum het Catharijneconvent, ABM bs 688

Illuminated missal used in the Vicary of St Anthony in the Church of St Walburg, Zutphen since 1459, made in the Northern Netherlands (Zutphen?), c. 1400–25. Zutphen, Librije van de Sint-Walburgiskerk, Ms. 3, fol. 4r

Lamb of God roundel with inscription and border decoration, full-page miniature inserted in a book of hours, Zutphen, c. 1475. Book block: 132/133 x 95; frame round image: 90 x 66/67 mm. Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Ms. 18432, fols 110v–111r

Lamb of God roundel with inscription and border decoration, full-page miniature inserted before the Penitential Psalms and Litany in a book of hours, Zutphen, c. 1475. Book block: 144 x 98; frame round image: 84 x 63 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 77 L 58, fols 124v–125r

Lamb of God roundel with inscription and border decoration, parchment painting in its current manuscript context, inserted at the beginning of a book of hours, Zutphen, c. 1475. Book block: 140 x 98 mm. Olim Christie’s, London, 8 June 2011, lot 10

Eucharist wafer iron, c. 1390–1410. Stockholm, Statens Historiska Museum/Museum of National Antiquities

The Measured Wound of Christ, parchment painting in its current manuscript context, inserted at the beginning of a book of hours before the folio with the Lamb of God roundel (see fig. 209), Zutphen, c. 1475. Book block: 140 x 98 mm. Olim Christie’s, London, 8 June 2011, lot 10

Lamb of God roundel with inscription, parchment painting in its current manuscript context, trimmed into a roundel, sewn into a book of hours before the Hours of the Cross, Haarlem, c. 1450. Book block: 163 x 114 mm. Olim Delft, Prinsenhof, fols 52v–53r

Reverse of the leaf with the roundel sewn on, fig. 212, revealing the stitches, Haarlem, c. 1450. Book block: 163 x 114 mm. Olim Delft, Prinsenhof, fol. 52r

Lamb of God roundel with inscription, parchment painting in its current manuscript context, trimmed into a roundel, glued onto mount and inserted in the binding of a book of hours, Cologne, c. 1475–1500. London, British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings, 158* b 32, fols 63v–64r

The ihs monogram, parchment painting in its current context, trimmed into a roundel, framed and inserted in a besloten hofje (detail of fig. 12) made by Augustinian Zwartzusters in Malines for the hospital sisters at Gheel, c. 1500–25. Gheel, Church of St Dymphna

Measured Wound of Christ, parchment painting in its current context, framed and inserted with other relic packets with parchment labels, in a besloten hofje (detail of fig. 12) made by Augustinian Zwartzusters in Malines for the hospital sisters at Gheel, c. 1500–25. Gheel, Church of St Dymphna

Besloten hofje made in Malines, c. 1500–25, possibly for the beguinage at Herentals (near Antwerp). Mixed media, 89 x 54 x 18 cm. Herentals, Begijnhofmuseum

Lamb of God roundel with inscription, parchment painting in its current context, trimmed, framed and inserted at the top of the besloten hofje in fig. 217. Herentals, Begijnhofmuseum

Christ crucified between Mary and John, partly painted paper Eucharist souvenir in its current context, pasted to the lower margin of a prayerbook, c. 1450–1500. Book block: 144 x 100 mm; added image: 35 x 35 mm. Amsterdam, Universiteitsbibliotheek, Ms. I G 35

Ihs monogram, painting on paper in its current context, inserted in a manuscript that describes how to bring the holy sacrament to the sick, South Holland (?), c. 1500. Book block: 96 x 68 mm. Tilburg, Theologische Faculteit, Ms. TFK 13, fols 3v–4r

Christ in the Winepress, parchment painting in its current context, inserted in a book of hours, diocese of Cologne, c. 1450–1500. Book block: 120 x 87; frame round image: 66 x 55 mm. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Ms. 292, fols 180v–181r

Master of the Adair Hours, Christ in the Winepress, full-page miniature inserted to preface a prayer to the sacrament in the Adair Hours, Holland, c. 1490. Book block: 162 x 111 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. BPH 131, fols 99v–100r

Deposition from the Cross, parchment painting inserted into a book of hours, diocese of Cologne, c. 1450–1500. Book block: 120 x 87 mm; frame round image: 65 x 55 mm. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Ms. 292, fol. 75v

Quentin Metsys, Christ Child reading and playing with parchment paintings, detail from the Triptych of the Confraternity of St Anne in Leuven, 1509. Painting on panel: 222 x 219 cm. Brussels, Museum voor Schone Kunsten

Petrus Christus, Portrait of a Young Man, Bruges, 1450–60. Oil on oak: 35.4 x 26 cm. London, National Gallery

Face of Christ with the prayer Salve Sancte Facies, detail of fig. 225

Lieven van Lathem, Saints convening at the Agnus Dei in a landscape, miniature on parchment for the Wednesday Hours of All Saints in the Trivulzio Hours, 1469 or slightly earlier. Book block: 130 x 90; frame round image: 85 x 50 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. SMC 1, fol. 59v

Master of the London Jason, Raising of Lazarus, full-page miniature on parchment inserted in a book of hours before the vigil for the Dead, Haarlem, 1470s. Book block: 168/170 x 115/116 mm. Dusseldorf, private collection, fols 187v–188r

Anonymous miniaturist working in the circle of the Vienna Master of Mary of Burgundy, All Saints Gathered at the Fountain of Paradise, column-wide miniature in a book of hours probably from Ghent to mark the hours of All Saints. Manuscript on parchment, c. 1480. Book block: 140 x 90 mm. London, British Library, Add. Ms. 17026, fol. 33r

Anonymous miniaturist working in the circle of the Vienna Master of Mary of Burgundy, All Saints Gathered at the Fountain of Paradise, column-wide miniature in a book of hours probably from Ghent to mark the hours of All Saints. Manuscript on parchment, c. 1480. Book block: 140 x 90 mm. London, British Library, Add. Ms. 17026, fol. 33r

Anonymous miniaturist working in the circle of the Vienna Master of Mary of Burgundy, Two angels withdrawing the curtains from a tabernacle to reveal an image of the Trinity, column-wide miniature in a book of hours probably from Ghent to mark the Hours of the Trinity. Manuscript on parchment, c. 1480. Book block: 140 x 90 mm. London, British Library, Add. Ms. 17026, fol. 16r

Shrine of the Miraculous Hosts of Brussels commissioned by Margaret of Austria, full-page miniature in a prayerbook, Brabant/Limburg (?), after 1533. Book block: 128 x 89 mm. London, Victoria & Albert Museum, Ms. Reid 35, fol. 136v

The shrine of the Miraculous Hosts of Brussels commissioned by Margaret of Austria in 1533, with, below, Jews desecrating hosts. Painting on panel, 43 x 32 cm, sixteenth century. Utrecht, Rijksmuseum het Catharijneconvent, ABM s463

Barthélemy d’Eyck, Bleeding Host of Dijon, parchment painting (c. 1442–43) added to the Hours of René of Anjou, c. 1410. Book block: 222 x 165 mm. London, British Library, Egerton Ms. 1070, fol. 110r

Owners’ portraits, full-page illuminations, dated 1536, with the arms of Machéco of Nuits and Dijon, impaling Mailly-de-Viesville, added to the Machéco Hours, c. 1520–25. Book block: 145 x 90 mm. London, British Library, Add. Ms. 31240, fols 1v–2r

Bleeding Host of Dijon and prayer to the Bleeding Host of Dijon, parchment bifolium inserted into the Machéco Hours, c. 1520–25. Book block: 145 x 90 mm; frames round images: 119 x 79 mm. London, British Library, Add. 31240, fols 20v–21r

Bleeding Host of Dijon, parchment painting inserted into the Hours of Ogier Bénigne, Dijon, c. 1537. Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, Ms. W. 291, fol. 17v

Bleeding Host of Dijon, parchment painting as a public poster, c. 1535. Trimmed: 287 x 193 mm. Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale, Ms. 3452

Pietà with rhyming inscription in Middle Dutch, parchment painting in its current context, sewn into a prayerbook, Delft, c. 1420. Book block: 125 x 98 mm. Rotterdam, Historisch Museum, Ms. 49819, fols 1v–2r

Master of the Morgan Infancy Cycle, Lamentation over Christ, full-page miniature in a prayerbook, c. 1420–30. Book block: 110 x 75 mm. London, British Library, Add. Ms. 50005, fol. 124v

Adriaen Isenbrant, Virgin of the Seven Sorrows, altarpiece, c. 1521. Oil on panel, 139 x 137.5 cm. Bruges, Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk

Cornelis Engelbrechtsz, Virgin of the Seven Sorrows, altarpiece, c. 1504–26. Oil on panel, middle panel: 124.5 x 121.5; side panels: 122 x 56.5 cm. Leiden, Stedelijk Museum de Lakenhal

Masters of the Dark Eyes, Raising of Lazarus, full-page miniature, c. 1510, added to a book of hours to preface the vigil for the Dead (with a historiated initial by Master of Gijsbrecht van Brederode, c. 1465), manuscript from Utrecht, c. 1465, with later additions from South Holland. Book block: 183 x 130; historiated initial: 50 x 60 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. BPH 151, fols 141v–142r

Masters of the Dark Eyes, Virgin of the Seven Sorrows, parchment painting in its current context, prefacing a prayer to the Virgin’s sorrows in a manuscript from Utrecht, c. 1465, with later additions from South Holland. Book block: 183 x 130; frame round image: 110 x 70 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. BPH 151, fols 96v–97r

Masters of the Dark Eyes, Virgin of the Seven Sorrows, parchment painting in its current context, prefacing a prayer to the Virgin’s sorrows in a book of hours from Delft (?), c. 1490, with additions from South Holland, c. 1500–10. Book block: 185 x 130 mm. Leeds, Brotherton Ms. 7, fols 142v–143r

Virgin of the Seven Sorrows, hand-painted engraving, c. 1507, pasted into the front cover of a manuscript book of hours, Holland, c. 1415. Book block: 135 x 99 mm. Cape Town, National Library of South Africa, Ms. 3 A 16

Simon Bening (?), Virgin of the Seven Sorrows, parchment painting, Bruges (?), 1530s. Leaf: 190 x 165 mm. Formerly Sam Fogg, London

Christ as Man of Sorrows, column-wide miniature prefacing a prayer to Jesus in the Lewkenor Hours, England, 1390s, with additions c. 1490. Book block: 150 x 100 mm. London, Lambeth Palace Library, Ms 545, fol. 144r

Bromholm Cross, parchment painting, Bromholm, c. 1490, with an inscription mounted onto an otherwise blank folio of the Lewkenor Hours, England, 1390s, with additions c. 1490. Book block: 150 x 100 mm. London, Lambeth Palace Library, Ms. 545, fols 184v–185r

Wound of Christ, parchment painting, England, c. 1490, mounted onto an otherwise blank folio of the Lewkenor Hours, prefacing the vigil for the Dead, England, 1390s, with additions c. 1490. Book block: 150 x 100 mm. London, Lambeth Palace Library, Ms. 545, fols 78v–79r

Standing Virgin and Child under a gothic arch, parchment painting in its manuscript context, inserted at the beginning of Benoît de Sainte-Maure ’s Roman de Troie. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. Fr. 1553, fols 1v–2r

Seated Virgin and Child, hand-coloured woodcut print, mounted in a prayerbook, after 1513. Book block: 98 x 57 mm. Brussels, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 11237, fol. 51v

Notice of indulgence for the Sisters of the Common Life of Het Rondeel in Zutphen, issued in Avignon, 1336. Painting on parchment: 539 x 732 mm. Zutphen, Archief, Inv. 4

Face of Christ with the keys of Rome, parchment painting mounted onto the inside front cover of a lectionary used at St John’s Hospital in Bruges. Book block: 227 x 165 mm. Bruges, St John’s Hospital, Ms. 4.001, fols 0v–1r

Face of Christ, parchment painting, German?, c. 1500, pasted onto a paper bifolium and mounted in a manuscript prayerbook on paper, Germany, 1511. Book block: 139 x 100; added image: 65 x 65 mm. Amsterdam, Universiteitsbibliotheek, Ms. XXI C 1, fols 3v–4r

Veronica holding the Veil, parchment painting inserted in a book of hours in the calendar, Netherlands, c. 1459–70. Book block: 167 x 130 mm. Hartford, Connecticut, Wadsworth Atheneum, Ms. 1953.139, fol. 12v

Face of Christ with the Salve Sancta Facies inscribed round it, parchment painting inserted in a book of hours from the Southern Netherlands, c. 1450. Parchment painting trimmed to 130 x 94 mm to fit the book block. London, British Library, Add. Ms. 17467, fols 226v–227r

Face of Christ, parchment painting from the Southern Netherlands inserted in a book of hours from Delft, made in several campaigns of work, c. 1450–1500. Book block: 115 x 85 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 74 G 35, fols 161v–162r

Master of the David Scenes in the Grimani Breviary, parchment painting with the Baptism of Christ, Raising of Lazarus, Transfiguration, Temptation of Christ and St George in a Landscape. Southern Netherlands (Bruges?), c. 1510. Tempera on parchment: 317 x 184 mm. London, Wallace Collection, M319

St George charging the enemies of Christendom, lower register of a miniature depicting a plan of Jerusalem, full-page miniature in a ‘picture Bible’, from St Omer, Benedictine Abbey of St Bertin, c. 1190–1200. Book block: 255 x 165; frame round image: 210 x 140 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 76 F 5, fol. 1r

Christ displaying his wounds, surrounded by the Arma Christi, parchment painting, Bohemia, c. 1420. Sheet: 208 x 148; frame round image: 170 x 111 mm. Formerly Christie’s, London, 7 July 2010, lot 24

Arma Christi in a landscape, parchment painting inserted to preface the Adoro te in a Latin breviary made at the St Agnes Convent, Delft, 1460s. Book block: 168 x 123 mm. Delft, Prinsenshof, [no number], fols 14v–15r

Christ as Man of Sorrows, with five-verse Adoro te, parchment painting mounted onto the back flyleaf of a printed book. London, British Library, C 41 e 8

Pope Sixtus iv praying before an image depicting the Virgin in sole, singleton on parchment added to the end of a book of hours known as the London Rothschild Hours or the Hours of Joanna i of Castile, c. 1500. Book block: 235 x 165 mm. London, British Library, Add. 35313, fol. 237r

Virgin in sole, parchment painting, inserted in a book of hours before an indulgenced prayer, Delft, c. 1415–20. Book block: 129 x 100; frame round image: 77 x 46 mm. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms. Germ. Oct. 680, fols 132v–133r

Annunciation, full-page miniature (or parchment painting) inserted in a book of hours, Delft, c. 1415–20. Book block: 129 x 100 mm; frame round image: 80 x 52 mm. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms. Germ. Oct. 680, fols 21v–22r

Christ Crucified, hand-painted woodcut print on paper, with manuscript rubric and prayer below, eastern part of the Netherlands, c. 1475–1500. Sheet: 190 x 133 mm. Cambridge, University Library, Ms. Add. 5944 (11).

Indulgence altarpiece from the Teutonic Order of Vienna, parchment inscribed and painted with an image of St Elizabeth mounted on panel, made in 1466. Parchment sheet: 615 x 770 mm. Vienna, Schatzkammer (Deutscher Orden).

Christ crucified between Mary and John, parchment painting attributed to the Bible Masters of the Second Generation (Utrecht), c. 1430–50, in its current manuscript context, pasted to the top of the statutes and regulations of the Chapter of St Servatius in Maastricht, Maastricht, c. 1500–25. Book block: 260 x 190; frame round image: 70 x 50 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 132 G 35, fol. 3r

Christ crucified between Mary and John, parchment painting (c. 1510–20) bound into the book of civic statutes for the city of ’s-Hertogenbosch, called the Roodt Privilegieboeck, manuscript on parchment (320 x 245 mm) and paper (300 x 200 mm). ’s-Hertogenbosch, Stadsarchief, Oud Stadsarchief, inv. no. 49, fol. 50v-51r

Vows of Sister Willem, ‘Lord Jan van Egmont’s daughter’, parchment painting (after 1468) in its current manuscript context, bound into a breviary made at the convent of St Agnes in Delft, c. 1440–60. Book block: 220 x 155 mm. Delft, Prinsenhof, [no number], fol. 1v-2r

Vow from Clementia Ghijsbrecht dochter, one of the sisters of Mariënpol near Leiden, 1543. Leiden, Regionaal Archief, Kl-885-nr. 10b

Profession of a Clarissan Sister, parchment painting, Southern Netherlands (Ghent?), c. 1500–50. Single membrane: 452 x 325 mm; each frame: 90 x 85 mm. Formerly Maggs Bros, now Baltimore, Walters Art Museum

The Seven Sacraments, parchment painting from the convent of Augustinian canonesses of Bruges (called Onze Lieve Vrouwe van de Potterie), c. 1500–50. 265 x 205 mm

Purification of the Virgin, attributed to the Master of the Ten Thousand Martyrs, hand-coloured engraving printed on paper with manuscript inscription, mid-fifteenth century. 78 x 53 mm. Brussels, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Prentenkabinet, S II 86247, fol. 6v

Scenes from salvation history, France, c. 1425–50, with Apostles in the left and lower margins, England, c. 1430–50, open state, parchment painting in its current manuscript context in a psalter, Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205; parchment painting: 315 x 202 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 115r

Scenes from salvation history, France, c. 1425–50) with Apostles in the left and lower margins, England, c. 1430–50, folded state, parchment painting in its current manuscript context in a psalter, Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205; parchment painting: 315 x 202 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 115r

Flagellation of Christ, two hand-coloured drawings made after engravings by Martin Schongauer, in their current manuscript context inserted to face each other in a psalter, Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block and added sheet: 290 x 205 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fols 66v–67r

Arrest of Christ, parchment painting made after an engraving by Martin Schongauer, in its current manuscript context inserted in a psalter, Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 47r

Nativity, parchment painting made after an engraving by Martin Schongauer, inserted in a psalter from Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 8v

Christ before Caiaphas, parchment painting made after an engraving by Martin Schongauer, inserted in a psalter from Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 18v

Masters of the Dark Eyes, Crucifixion with scenes from the Passion, parchment painting inserted in a psalter from Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 1v

Harrowing of Hell, parchment painting inserted in a psalter from Rouen, c. 1490–1500. Book block: 290 x 205 mm. London, British Library, Harley Ms. 1892, fol. 109r

Christ as Man of Sorrows, hand-painted engraved roundel glued onto a sheet of parchment and inserted in a Birgittine psalter-breviary commissioned by Margrite van Harrelaer in 1495, Utrecht? Book block: 193 x 131 mm. Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, Ms. 15 C 10, fol. 115v

Christ on the Cross, hand-painted engraving mounted onto a folio with border decoration and inserted in a psalter from North Holland (Haarlem?), c. 1475–80. Book block: 206 x 140; frame round image: 102 x 79 mm. The Hague, Meermanno Museum, Ms. 10 D 45, fol. 50r

The Wounds of Christ arranged on a cross with the nails of the Passion, hand-coloured woodcut print, c. 1470–90, inserted in a prayer book from Groningen, Monastery Selwerd (female Benedictines), c. 1470–90. Book block: 115 x 80 mm; frame round image: 86 x 62 mm. The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Ms. 74 G 10, fol. 205v

Christ holding the scourge and cat-o’-nine-tails, with a kneeling nun and a xylographic indulgence, hand-coloured print, Mariënwater, shortly after 1503. Amsterdam, Prentenkabinet, M-RP-P-1908-1937-00

Petrus Christus, copy after Jan van Eyck’s Face of Christ, c. 1445. Oil on parchment, laid down on wood: 149 x 108 mm. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Simon Bening, Virgin and Child Triptych, Bruges, 1540s. Tempera on parchment, centre panel: 160 x 117, each wing: 161 x 47 mm. Christie ’s, London, 7 July 2010, lot 27

Simon Bening, John the Baptist preaching and John baptising Christ, Bruges, c. 1510. Parchment paintings mounted on wood: 155 x 34 and 155 x 35 mm respectively. Bruges, Groeningenmuseum

Simon Bening, Self-Portrait, parchment painting, framed, Bruges, 1558. 86 x 57 mm. London, Victoria & Albert Museum, no. P.159-1910

Girdle book of Katharine Röder von Rodeck, private prayerbook in girdle binding, c. 1540, probably restored in the seventeenth century. Schweinfurt, Bibliothek Otto Schäfer, OS 1233