The Radiolarian biotic response during OAE2. A high-resolution study across the Bonarelli level at...

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Revue de micropaleontologie 50 (2007) 253–287

Original article

The Radiolarian biotic response during OAE2. A high-resolution studyacross the Bonarelli level at Bottaccione (Gubbio, Italy)

La reponse biotique des Radiolaires durant le OAE2. Une etude ahaute-resolution a travers le niveau Bonarelli a

Bottaccione (Gubbio, Italie)

Benjamin Musavu-Moussavou a,b,∗, Taniel Danelian b, Francois Baudin c,Rodolfo Coccioni d, Francois Frohlich e

a Departement de geologie et Ureste, universite des sciences et techniques de Masuku, BP 943, Franceville, Gabonb Universite Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (Paris 6), CNRS-UMR 5143, case 104, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, Francec Universite Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (Paris 6), CNRS-UMR 7072, case 117, 4, place Jussieu 75252 Paris cedex 05, France

d Istituto di Geologia e Centro di Geobiologia dell’Universita degli Studi “Carlo Bo”, Campus Scientifico, Localita Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italye Museum national d’histoire naturelle, 43, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France

bstract

In order to improve our understanding of the radiolarian biotic response and the palaeoceanographic changes associated with the Late Cenomanianceanic anoxic event (OAE2), a high-resolution radiolarian study was carried out across the Bonarelli level at its typical locality (Bottaccioneection, central Italy). Our results confirm that a drastic radiolarian faunal change took place during the OAE2. The radiolarian turnover took placeithin the median part of the Bonarelli level, associated with an interval of high organic matter preservation, but relatively low values of silica.herefore, this part constitutes a critical period in the evolutionary history of Radiolaria. A synthesis of all data available in the Umbria-Marcheasin suggests that the lower part of the Bonarelli level (and underlying limestones) records mainly radiolarian extinctions (ca. 41%), while itspper part (and overlying limestones) records mainly first occurrences (ca. 35%). Our results improve understanding of the paleoecology of theamily Saturnalidae, which would seem to prefer oligotrophic environments.

2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

esume

Dans l’optique d’ameliorer notre comprehension de la reponse biotique des radiolaires et des changements paleoceanographiques associes avec’evenement anoxique du Cenomanien terminal (OAE2), une etude a haute-resolution a ete effectuee a travers le niveau Bonarelli de la coupe deottaccione (Italie centrale). Les donnees de cette etude ont ete completees par celles issues de la bibliographie. Nos resultats confirment qu’unhangement drastique des faunes de radiolaires a eu lieu au cours de l’OAE2. Ce renouvellement des radiolaires a eu lieu au sein de la partieediane du niveau Bonarelli, qui est associee avec un intervalle de preservation d’une quantite importante de matiere organique, mais des quantites

elativement faibles de silice. Par consequent, cet intervalle constitue une periode critique dans l’histoire evolutive des radiolaires. Juste avant etment des extinctions, estimees a 41 %. En revanche, un large nombre deieme moitie de ce niveau critique et juste apres celui-la. L’enregistrementpeu mieux la paleoecologie de la famille Saturnalidae, qui semblerait avoir

u sein de la premiere moitie du niveau Bonarelli, on note essentielleremieres occurrences, estimees a 35 %, sont enregistrees dans la deuxes radiolaires dans la coupe de Bottaccione permet de comprendre unne preference pour des environnements oligotrophiques.

2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

eywords: Radiolaria; Oceanic anoxic events; OAE2; Umbria-Marche basin; Italy; C

ots cles : Radiolaires ; Evenements d’anoxie oceanique ; OAE2 ; Bassin d’Ombrie

∗ Corresponding author.E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Musavu-Moussavou).

035-1598/$ – see front matter © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.oi:10.1016/j.revmic.2007.07.002

retaceous; Cenomanian; Turonian

-Marche ; Italie ; Cretace ; Cenomanien ; Turonien

mailto:[email protected]

dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2007.07.002

2 de micropaleontologie 50 (2007) 253–287

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54 B. Musavu-Moussavou et al. / Revue

. Introduction

The mid Cretaceous (Barremian–Turonian) represents aemarkable greenhouse period in earth history. Sediments richn organic carbon accumulated during distinct intervals, knowns oceanic anoxic events (OAEs), thought to represent relativelyhort intervals of major disturbance in the marine environmentSchlanger and Jenkyns, 1976; Jenkyns, 1980). Amongst thesevents, the Late Cenomanian OAE2 has a global distribution anduration estimated between 400 and 600 ka (Morel, 1998; Caront al., 1999; Scopelliti et al., 2004). OAE2 had a profound impactn the evolution and productivity of the marine biosphere (Kuhntt al., 1986; Hallam and Wignall, 1997; Harries and Little, 1999;eckie et al., 2002).

During OAE2, Radiolaria appear to have responded tohe environmental perturbation by significant changes in theirbundance and assemblage composition (Marcucci Passerinit al., 1991; Erbacher, 1994; O’Dogherty, 1994; Gallicchio etl., 1996; Erbacher and Thurow, 1997; Premoli Silva et al.,999; O’Dogherty and Guex, 2002; Musavu-Moussavou andanelian, 2006). Based on data provided by Erbacher, 1994;’Dogherty, 1994; Erbacher and Thurow, 1997; O’Dogherty

nd Guex (2002), it was respectively estimated that approxi-ately 60% of Cenomanian species went extinct during OAE2,hile ca. 50% of Turonian species first occurred during or just

fter this oceanic event. Both studies were based on data frommbria-Marche basin of Italy.However, major discrepancies exist in the type and quantity

f data used by the above authors: (1) the total number of speciesnvestigated for the late Cenomanian–early Turonian interval isuite different in each study (i.e., 70 species were consideredy Erbacher, 1994 and 152 by O’Dogherty, 1994), (2) taxo-omic concepts are quite different for a great number of speciesetween the two authors, (3) calculation methods are differentn the two works for percent extinctions and originations, (4)’Dogherty did not consider any radiolarian data from within

he Bonarelli level (BL). On the other hand, although, Erbacher1994) studied samples from within the critical interval (BL), theumber of species one finds since his work has increased sub-tantially, or the stratigraphic range of previously found speciess now modified.

During the present work, we deployed a high-resolution radi-larian study across the BL and surrounding limestones with thebjective to obtain an improved insight on the pattern and inten-ity of the radiolarian faunal change across the OAE2 in thembria-Marche basin (UMB).

. Stratigraphic framework

The Cretaceous part of the Umbria-Marche pelagic sequenceccumulated in a basin of the Apulian block formed since theower Jurassic. The BL and surrounding limestones are wellxposed in the classical reference section of the Bottaccione
orge (Gubbio area, Fig. 1) located a few kilometres north-ast of the town of Gubbio, along the road S.S. 298. The BLepresents a regional stratigraphic marker horizon that occursowards the top of the uppermost Cenomanian to lowermost
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ig. 1. Esquisse de la carte geologique de la region de Gubbio (Italie centrale)ontrant la localisation de la section de Bottaccione.

uronian Scaglia Bianca limestone formation. The facies of thecaglia Bianca limestones corresponds to lithified nannofossil-lanktonic foraminiferal ooze, which accumulated above thealcite compensation depth, at an estimated water-depth of500–2500 m (Arthur and Premoli Silva, 1982; Kuhnt, 1990).

The interval studied here includes the BL and nearly 12 m ofhe underlying and 1 m of the overlying Scaglia Bianca lime-tones (Fig. 2). The rather monotonous sequence of the Scagliaianca limestones underlying the BL is marked at Bottaccioney the intercalation of black marls and shales, as well as severalayers of nodules and lenses of dark-grey to black chert.

In the studied section, the BL consists of carbonate-free olive-reen to black mudstones and Corg-rich finely laminated shales,ften rich in fish remains, pyrite nodules and/or radiolaria. Shalesnd mudstones alternate with radiolarian-rich siliceous layersArthur and Premoli Silva, 1982; Coccioni et al., 1991; Coccionind Luciani, 2004). Based on lithological criteria, the BL cane subdivided into three parts throughout the UMB (Arthur andremoli Silva, 1982; Coccioni et al., 1991). Its lower and upperarts consist, in general, of radiolarian-rich siliceous layers,
hereas its median part is dominated by black mudstones. Morearticularly, the 82-cm-thick BL of the Bottaccione section dis-lays a 32-cm-thick lower siliceous part, a 16-cm-thick medianhaly part and a 34-cm-thick siliceous upper part.

B. Musavu-Moussavou et al. / Revue de micropaleontologie 50 (2007) 253–287 255

Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphy of the studied interval of the Bottaccione section plotted against (A), radiolarian % abundance estimated on thin section, according to thediagrams of visual percentage estimation suggested by Baccelle and Bosellini (1965) (cross (x) corresponds to samples for which no thin section was produced);(B), radiolarian species diversity and (C), radiolarian preservation according to the scale suggested by Kiessling (1996) (BL, Bonarelli level).Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphie de l’intervalle etudie de la coupe de Bottaccione, correlee avec (A), l’abondance des radiolaires en lame-mince, exprimee en pourcentageselon la charte de Baccelle et Bosellini, (1965) (les croix (x) correspondent a des echantillons pour lesquels des lames minces n’ont pas ete realisees); (B), la diversitespecifique des radiolaires et (C), leur preservation selon l’echelle proposee par Kiessling (1996) (BL, Bonarelli level).

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. Material and methods

Study of radiolaria was carried out based on a total of 120amples collected from the BL and surrounding limestones ofhe Bottaccione section (Fig. 2). The sampled lithologies con-ist of limestone and chert nodules and lenses from the carbonateevels and radiolarian cherts and black shales from within theL. Samples were collected every 2 cm from within the BLnd with a lower resolution (between 2 and 30 cm) from theurrounding limestones. Radiolarians were extracted followingrocessing with 10% hydrochloric acid (for limestones samples)nd 4% hydrofluoric acid (for siliceous samples), according tooutine laboratory procedures (Dumitrica, 1970; Baumgartnert al., 1981; De Wever, 1982). Radiolarian abundance was esti-ated based on thin section observations, according to the

iagrams of visual percentage estimation suggested by Baccellend Bosellini (1965). Preservation was evaluated based on thendex scale suggested by Kiessling (1996).

Thirty-nine samples from the BL of the Bottaccione sectionere studied in an attempt to quantify their silica content. Silicaas measured based on the quantitative infrared method usingBr as described by Frohlich, 1989; Frohlich and Gendron-adou, 2003. Spectrum infrared was recorded in absorbance

A) from IRTF Brucker Vector 22 between 400 and 4000 cm−1,ith high resolution (1 cm−1). All analyses were carried out

rom total sample with standard mass of 0.75 mg within 300 mgf a pastille. Absorbance measurements by the graphical methodllow the determination of quartz (Fig. 3). The graphical methods based on the following relationship: CX = AX/AS:

CX is the concentration of constituent X; AX is the specificbsorbance to one band and AS is the specific absorbance ofure constituent X at one band for a standard mass of 0.75 mg.

Total organic carbon content (TOC in weight %) andydrogen index (HI = S2/TOC × 100) were determined using aock-Eval instrument, oil show analyser device (Espitalie et al.,985). The precision of measurement is ±0.1% for TOC.

Percent extinctions and originations across the BL were cal-
ulated based on the high resolution stratigraphic data of thistudy, combined with all other available data from the literatureor the UMB, as follows:
% E = (LO/Td) × 100

ig. 3. Infrared spectrum of sample BL 27/02, situated at the base of the upperart of the Bonarelli level.ig. 3. Spectre infrarouge de l’echantillon BL 27/02, situe a la base de la partieuperieure du niveau Bonarelli.

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cropaleontologie 50 (2007) 253–287

% O = (FO/Td) × 100where E is the extinction, O is the orig-nation, LO is the last occurrence, FO is the first occurrence andd is the total diversity in each interval analysed.

. Results

.1. Radiolarian abundance and variations in silica content

Radiolaria are rather rare in the Scaglia limestones underly-ng the BL (Fig. 2). They are present in noticeable quantitiesnly at a few levels. Within the BL, Radiolaria are muchore abundant (up to 50%), although their abundance fluctu-

tes considerably. Three intervals can be discriminated withinhe BL, which correspond more or less to the lithological sub-ivisions discussed earlier. The lower part (between samplesL 1/02 and 15/02) is rich in Radiolaria (30–50% visible on

hin section), the middle part is overall poor (between sam-les BL 16/02 and 26/02), while the upper part becomesgain radiolarian-rich, although less rich than the lower partFig. 4).

Quantification of the silica content (as well as various otherineralogical components) of the BL was attempted based on

he use of infrared spectroscopy. Radiolaria are preserved essen-ially in quartz (rarely in chalcedony). Since hardly any detritaluartz may be observed in thin section, all measured quartz isssigned to Radiolaria. This assumption is also supported byuroda et al. (2005) who conducted a high-resolution studyf the BL at Gorgo a Cerbara based on the use of image pro-essing techniques and compositional mapping of cherts andhales.

Concentration of silica (preserved in quartz) displays impor-ant fluctuations within the BL (Fig. 4 and Table 1). However, therifold subdivision of the BL can be clearly confirmed quantita-ively; that is a lower (a) and an upper (c) more siliceous interval,haracterized by elevated values of silica (ranging between 40nd 80%), surround an essentially clayey and highly organic-richup to 17%) middle interval (b), characterized by lower valuesf silica (ranging between 20 and 39%). In spite of uncertaintiesue to diagenetic loss of radiolarian silica, this trifold subdivi-ion reflects significant changes in radiolarian silica productionithin the BL.

.2. Radiolarian diversity and preservation

Nearly half of the samples studied yielded Radiolaria, with 36amples coming from the BL and 18 samples from the limestonesurrounding this critical lithological level (Figs. 2 and 4). Theauna extracted is reasonably diverse, with a maximum of forty-wo species yielded per studied sample and eighty-eight speciesbserved in the entire Middle Cenomanian to Lower Turoniannterval studied (Figs. 2, 3 and 5). Samples BG 54, BL 1/02,TT 564 and BTT 572 yielded the numerically most abundant

adiolarian assemblages.
Radiolarian preservation varies substantially throughout the
ection, with all assemblages from the middle part of the BLisplaying average preservation (PI 4), while assemblages fromhe lower and upper parts of the BL display a rather good

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257

Fig. 4. Lithostratigraphic detail of the Bonarelli level at Bottaccione, plotted against (A), radiolarian % abundance estimated on thin section, according to the diagrams of visual percentage estimation suggestedby Baccelle and Bosellini (1965) (cross (x) corresponds to samples for which no thin section was produced) ; (B), radiolarian species diversity and (C), radiolarian preservation according to the scale suggested byKiessling (1996) ; (D), TOC values (according to Scopelliti et al., 2006) ; (E), HI (mgHC/gTOC) (data after Scopelliti et al., 2006) ; (F), abundance of silica measured as quartz by infrared spectroscopy ; (G), thecurve of �13C after Tsikos et al. (2004) and (H), radiolarian events based on this study.Fig. 4. Description lithologique du niveau Bonarelli de la coupe de Bottaccione correlee avec (A), l’abondance des radiolaires exprimee en pourcentage selon la charte de Baccelle et Bosellini (1965) (les croix (x)correspondent a des echantillons pour lesquels des lames minces n’ont pas ete realisees) ; (B), la diversite specifique des radiolaires ; (C), leur preservation selon l’echelle proposee par Kiessling (1996) ; (D), lesvaleurs de carbone organique total (TOC) ; (E), de l’IH (mgHC/gCOT) (d’apres Scopelliti et al., 2006) ; (F), l’abondance de silice (en forme de quartz) ; (G), la courbe du �13C selon Tsikos et al. (2004) et (H), lesquelques bioevenements des radiolaires reconnus sur la base de cette etude.

258 B. Musavu-Moussavou et al. / Revue de micropaleontologie 50 (2007) 253–287

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ig. 5. Occurrence of Radiolaria in the studied samples of the Bottaccione sectig. 5. Occurrence des radiolaires au sein des echantillons etudies de la coupe d

reservation (PI 2). All assemblages from limestones underlyinghe BL display poor preservation (PI 8), whereas assemblagesrom limestones overlying the BL display a rather good preser-ation. No correlation appears to exist between radiolarianreservation, radiolarian diversity and radiolarian abundancesee Figs. 2 and 4).

.3. Radiolarian bioevents and patterns of faunal changes

Detailed occurrence data as resulted from the study of sam-les from Bottaccione section are presented in Fig. 5. BecauseMB is currently the palaeogeographic realm with the bestocumented radiolarian record across the BL, Fig. 6 combines

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ig. 6. Radiolarian distribution across the BL in UMB. This figure synthesises dataecord across the BL in UMB: (a) Marcucci Passerini et al. (1991), (b) Erbacher (1, species identified under a different specific name by the cited authors.ig.6. Distribution des radiolaires a travers le niveau Bonarelli (NB) dans le bassin deette etude (e) avec toutes les autres disponibles sur les radiolaires a travers le NB de B1994) et (d) Salvini et Marcucci Passerini (1998). *, espece determinee sous un autr

taccione.

he data issued from the present high-resolution study withll those provided in previous studies from UMB (Marcucciasserini et al., 1991; Erbacher, 1994; Erbacher and Thurow,997; O’Dogherty, 1994; Gallicchio et al., 1996; Salvini andarcucci Passerini, 1998).The radiolarian turnover that occurs in the middle part of the

L allows the distinction of a “lower fauna” from an “upper”ne, in agreement with Marcucci Passerini et al., 1991; Salvinind Marcucci Passerini (1998). Fifty-four radiolarian species
ast occur during the lower–middle part of the BL (lower fauna)nd underlying limestones. They represent 40.6% of extinctionsmongst the Upper Cenomanian radiolarian fauna. Extinctionvents were initiated since the Middle Cenomanian only to
obtained during this study (e) and all those data available on the radiolarian994), (c) O’Dogherty (1994) and (d) Salvini and Marcucci Passerini (1998).

l’Ombrie-Marches (BOM). Cette figure constitue une synthese des donnees deOM : (a) Marcucci Passerini et al. (1991), (b) Erbacher (1994), (c) O’Doghertye nom par les auteurs correspondants.



Fig. 6. (Continued ).

B. Musavu-Moussavou et al. / Revue de mi

Table 1Quantitative results of infrared spectroscopy on 39 samples from the BL of theBottaccione sectionTableau 1Resultats d’analyses en spectroscopie infrarouge quantitative par la methode dupastillage dans le KBr de 39 echantillons du NB de la section de Bottacione

Echantillons %Qz (695) Smectite

BTT BL 1 46,77 38,22BTT BL 2 66,7 27,31BTT BL 3 57 15,15BTT BL 4 64,62 7BTT BL 5 52,67 16,32BTT BL 6 64,74 12,67BTT BL 7 66,45 19,35BTT BL 8 54,7 32,5BTT BL 9 40,87 34,35BTT BL 11 71,9 16,57BTT BL 12 45,27 21BTT BL 13 78,86 7,4BTT BL 14 40,94 49,52BTT BL 15 40,15 48BTT BL 16 27,7 49,12BTT BL 17 22,15 28,83BTT BL 18 26,02 31,61BTT BL 19 43,08 33,15BTT BL 20 31,35 33,5BTT BL 21 40,97 9,85BTT BL 22 57,61 14,78BTT BL 23 68,78 25,25BTT BL 24 60,22 9,5BTT BL 25 46,12 39,22BTT BL 26 62,55 25,87BTT BL 27 48,22 37,45BTT BL 28 60,75 24,75BTT BL 29 42,12 7,22BTT BL 30 44,15 23,07BTT BL 31 65,65 15,2BTT BL 32 56,63 19,6BTT BL 33 41,71 23,91BTT BL 34 60,35 25,83BTT BL 35 79,95 21BTT BL 36 64 22,96BTT BL 37 68,15 9,25BTT BL 38 54,8 41,8BTT BL 40 32,3 54,4BTT BL 41 48,76 12,9

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ttiabsratalso corresponds to the lowest values in radiolarian abundancethroughout the BL, indicating a radiolarian productivity crush in

ttend their climax within the middle part of the BL. This latternterval represents a turning point in radiolarian evolution, afterhich mainly first occurrences are recognised in a progressiveay. Forty-two species first occur in the middle–upper part of

he BL (upper fauna) and the overlying lower Turonian lime-tones. They represent 34.7% of originations within the latestenomanian radiolarian fauna.

Within the BL, assemblages yielded during this study areominated by Nassellaria, and more particularly by speciesrchaeodityomitra sliteri and Stichomitra communis. Membersf the family Saturnalidae, although abundant and diverse in thenderlying limestones, disappear temporarily at the base of the
L, only to become again abundant and diverse at the base of
he overlying limestones.tr

cropaleontologie 50 (2007) 253–287 261

. Discussion

The BL highlights the special paleoceanographic signifi-ance of the OAE2 in the UMB. Based on sedimentological,icropalaeontological and geochemical data, the BL is

egarded as reflecting an interval of eutrophic, anoxic to euxiniconditions in the water column of the UMB, and contrastsith the oligotrophic conditions of the surrounding limestones

Jenkyns, 1980; Arthur and Premoli Silva, 1982; Coccioni et al.,991, 1992; Tsikos et al., 2004; Scopelliti et al., 2004, 2006).

Although radiolarian occurrence is greatly influenced byreservation, the absence or relative paucity of the family Satur-alidae cannot be solely explained by a differential preservation,ecause the ring present in all members of this family has aigh preservation potential, often found as broken fragments.herefore, their absence (or rarity) and contrasting abundancend diversity in the surrounding limestones is here interpreteds bearing an original palaeoecological significance. It pointso a preference for members of this family for oligotrophiconditions, as those that prevailed during the deposition ofhe Scaglia limestones (Coccioni and Luciani, 2004). On thether hand, the relative abundance of Archaeodictyomitra sli-eri and Stichomitra communis in the assemblages recoveredrom the BL, may reflect the preference of these species forutrophic environments, although their abundance is probablylso influenced by the better preservational potential of theirtout tests.

Within the BL, we can clearly recognize a lower and an upperssemblage (lower and upper fauna, respectively), which corre-pond to those previously recognized by Marcucci Passerini etl., 1991; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998. The significantadiolarian turnover that is crystallised in the middle shaly part ofhe BL (separating step-by-step extinctions below, from an uppernterval of progressive enrichment in new species) correlatesith the highest values of preserved organic matter, presencef abundant pyrite crystals and the lowest values of radiolarianbundance within the critical interval. All these suggest that theurning point in the pattern of change in radiolarian diversity tooklace during an interval of intensified anoxic conditions in theater column associated with a crush in radiolarian productivity.

. Conclusions

The high resolution analysis of the radiolarian record acrosshe BL in its typical locality confirms and further specifies theiming and pattern of radiolarian turnover which took place dur-ng the OAE2 in UMB, as suggested previously by Erbachernd Thurow (1998). The lower part of the BL is characterizedy step-by-step extinctions, which took place up to a critical levelituated at the center of the middle shaly interval. This level rep-esents an interval of intensified anoxic conditions in the UMB,s these are reflected by the abundance of preserved organic mat-er and pyrite crystals in the middle shale interval of the BL. It

he UMB. It crystallises a critical turning point in the record ofadiolarian diversity in this pelagic basin of Tethys, after which

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large number of new species occurred progressively. Newnd revised taxonomic and stratigraphic data allow improvednderstanding of the level of extinctions (nearly 41% of theate Cenomanian fauna) and originations (nearly 35% of the lat-st Cenomanian–Turonian fauna) that took place in radiolarianommunities, which were overestimated in previous studies.

Two Nassellarian species (Archaeodityomitra sliteri andtichomitra communis) dominate the radiolarian assemblagesithin the BL, which may be indicative of a specific preferencef these species to eutrophic conditions. The absence (or rarity)f Saturnalidae within the BL contrasts with their abundancend diversity in the underlying and overlying limestones and isegarded here as an ecological preference of members of thisamily for oligotrophic environments.

. Systematic palaeontology

Order ENTACTINARIA Kozur and Mostler, 1982Family QUINQUECAPSULARIIDAE Dumitrica, 1975Genus Protoxiphotractus Pessagno, 1973Type species: Protoxiphotractus perplexus Pessagno, 1973

Protoxiphotractus ventosus O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 1, Fig. 11994. Protoxiphotractus ventosus nov. sp. – O’Dogherty,

. 277, Pl. 49, Figs. 17–20.2004. Protoxiphotractus ventosus O’Dogherty – Bragina,

. S403, Pl. 18, Fig. 1.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur in

he Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty,994 and this study, sample BTT 566B). However, it is alsoeported from Middle–Upper Cenomanian strata of northernurkey (Bragina, 2004).

Material: Two specimens.

Genus Quinquecapsularia Pessagno, 1971bType species: Quinquecapsularia spinosa Pessagno, 1971b

Quinquecapsularia parvipora (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 1, Fig. 21903b. Acanthosphaera parvipora n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 115,

l. 8, Fig. 5.1994. Quinquecapsularia parvipora (Squinabol) –

’Dogherty, p. 269, Pl. 47, Figs. 25–28.Occurrence: This species is reported from the Middle Albian

o Lower Turonian of the UMB (O’Dogherty, 1994). In this study. parvipora was found only in the limestones overlying the BL.Material: Four specimens.

Family SATURNALIDAE Deflandre, 1953Subfamily SATURNALINAE Deflandre, 1953
Genus Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903bType species: Acanthocircus irregularis Squinabol, 1903b
Acanthocircus bestiarius O’Dogherty, 1994


Plate 1, Fig. 31973. Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. – Foreman, p. 251, Pl. 14, Figs.

–8; non Figs. 4 and 5 (=A. venetus), 9 (=A. dendroacanthos)nd Pl. 15, Figs. 2 and 3.

1994. Acanthocircus bestiarius nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 257,l. 45, Figs. 9–13.

Occurrence: During this study, A. bestiarius was found innly one sample (BL 572) coming from the limestones over-ying the BL. However, this species is reported to occur in theMB throughout Upper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian inter-al (U.A. 18–21 of O’Dogherty, 1994), including the limestonesnderlying the BL.


Acanthocircus euganeus (Squinabol, 1914)Plate 1, Fig. 41914. Saturnalis euganeus n. f. – Squinabol, p. 300, Pl. 24(5),

igs. 8–11.1973. Spongosaturnalis? sp. cf. Saturnalis euganeus Squin-

bol – Foreman, Pl. 15, Fig. 5.1994. Acanthocircus euganeus (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p.

57, Pl. 45, Figs. 14–16 (and entire synonymy).Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur in

he Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty,994 and this study, sample BTT 572). It is also reported fromampanian sediments of DSDP Leg 20 (Foreman, 1973).

Material: Three specimens.

Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno, 1976)Plate 1, Figs. 5–91976. Spongosaturninus hueyi n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 39, Pl. 12,

ig. 1.1994. Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno) – Marcucci Passerini

t al., Pl. 1, Fig. 2.1994. Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno) – O’Dogherty, p. 260,

l. 46, Figs. 1–5.1998. Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno) – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Fig. 80.2004. Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno) – Bragina, p. S445,

l. 27, Figs. 5–7; Pl. 28, Fig. 4; Pl. 34; Fig. 17.2006. Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno) – Musavu-Moussavou

nd Danelian, p. 157, Pl. 3, Fig. 7.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from the

pper part of the BL (Uppermost Cenomanian according toalvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998) and the Lower Turonian

imestones (O’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, A. hueyi wasot found within the BL but only in the overlying limestones.

It is also reported from Upper Cenomanian levels of thetlantic (Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207, Musavu-Moussavou

nd Danelian, 2006), Middle–Upper Turonian levels of north-rn Turkey (Bragina, 2004) and Middle Campanian levels ofalifornia (Pessagno, 1976).

Material: 28 specimens.

Acanthocircus sp. aff. A. hueyi (Pessagno, 1976)Plate 1, Fig. 10


Plate 1. Fig. 1. Protoxiphotractus ventosus O’Dogherty; sample BTT 566B. Fig. 2. Quinquecapsularia parvipora (Squinabol); sample BTT 572. Fig. 3. Acanthocircusbestiarius O’Dogherty; sample BTT 567B. Fig. 4. Acanthocircus euganeus (Squinabol); sample BTT 567B. Figs. 5–9. Acanthocircus hueyi Pessagno; 5, 6, 7. SampleBTT 572; 8. Sample BTT 566B; 9. Sample BTT 564. Fig. 10. Acanthocircus sp. aff. A. hueyi (Pessagno); sample BTT 564. Figs. 11 and 12. Acanthocircus horridus(Squinabol); sample BTT 572. Fig. 13. Acanthocircus irregularis Squinabol; sample BG 48. Figs. 14 and 15. Acanthocircus tympanum O’Dogherty; sample BTT572. Figs. 16 and 17. Acanthocircus venetus (Squinabol); sample BTT 567B. Fig. 18. Acanthocircus sp. aff. A. venetus (Squinabol); sample BTT 572. Fig. 19.Vitorfus brustolensis (Squinabol); sample BG 48. Fig. 20. Vitorfus minimus (Squinabol); sample BTT 567B. Fig. 21. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin; sample BTT564.

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aff. 1976. Spongosaturninus hueyi n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 39,l. 12, Fig. 1.

aff. 1994. Acanthocircus hueyi (Pessagno) – O’Dogherty,. 260, Pl. 46, Figs. 1–5.

Description: Form bearing a subrectangular ring which pos-esses at least six small peripheral spines and displays a slightlyeveloped internal blade.

Material: One specimen.

Acanthocircus horridus Squinabol, 1903bPlate 1, Figs. 11 and 121903b. Acanthocircus horridus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 125,

l. 9, Fig. 3.1994. Acanthocircus horridus Squinabol – O’Dogherty,

. 253, Pl. 44, Figs. 1–6 (and entire synonymy).2003. Mesosaturnalis horridus (Squinabol) – Yurtsever et al.,

ext-Fig. 6H.2004. Acanthocircus horridus Squinabol – Bragina, p. S445,

l. 27, Figs. 4 and 9.Occurrence: In the UMB, A. horridus is reported from

iddle Albian to Upper Cenomanian levels (U.A. 12–18 of’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, this species was found toccur in limestones overlying the BL (Lower Turonian), extend-ng thus its currently known age range. The species is alsoeported from Middle–Upper Cenomanian levels of northernurkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003; Bragina, 2004).


Acanthocircus irregularis Squinabol, 1903bPlate 1, Fig. 131903b. Acanthocircus irregularis n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 125,

l. 9, Fig. 6.1994. Acanthocircus sp. EJ1 – Erbacher, p. 90, Pl. 17, Figs. 4

nd 5.1994. Acanthocircus irregularis Squinabol – O’Dogherty,

. 264, Pl. 46, Figs. 17–25 (and entire synonymy).Occurrence: This species is known from Middle Albian to

pper Cenomanian levels of the UMB (U.A 11–18, O’Dogherty,994). During this study, the species was found only in oneample (BG 54) dated as Middle Cenomanian.


Acanthocircus tympanum O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 1, Figs. 14 and 151986. Acanthocircus sp. nov. – Kuhnt et al., Pl. 8, Fig. M.1994. Mesosaturnalis sp. EJ2 – Erbacher, p. 102, Pl. 19, Figs.

and 7.1994. Acanthocircus tympanum nov. sp. – O’Dogherty,

. 259, Pl. 45, Figs. 17–24.1999. Acanthocircus tympanum O’Dogherty – Khan et al.,

l. 2, Fig. m.
2003. Mesosaturnalis tympanum (O’Dogherty) – Yurtsever
t al., Text-Fig. 6I.2004. Acanthocircus tympanum O’Dogherty – Bragina,

. S447, Pl. 34, Fig. 15. P


Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is common in theower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty, 1994nd this study). However, it is also reported from the top of theL of the southern Alps (Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998).therwise, it is also reported from Lower Turonian levels oforocco (Kuhnt et al., 1986), Turkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003)

nd the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004).Material: Three specimens.

Acanthocircus venetus (Squinabol, 1914)Plate 1, Figs. 16 and 171914. Saturnalis venetus n. f. – Squinabol, p. 269, 299,

l. 20.1, Fig. 2; Pl. 24.5, Fig. 1.1973. Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. – Foreman, p. 261, Pl. 14, Figs.

and 5; non Figs. 6, 7, 8 (=A. bestiarius), 9 (=A. dendroacanthos)nd Pl. 15, Fig. 2 and 3.

1994. Mesosaturnalis praeclarus (Foreman) – Erbacher,. 102, Pl. 19, Fig. 5.

1994. Acanthocircus venetus (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,. 256, Pl. 45, Figs. 1–8 (and entire synonymy).

1998. Acanthocircus venetus (Squinabol) – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8r.

2003. Mesosaturnalis venetus (Squinabol) – Yurtsever et al.,ext-Fig. 6J.

2004. Acanthocircus venetus (Squinabol) – Gorican andmuc, Pl. 1, Fig. 1.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from Upperlbian to Lower Turonian levels (O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini

nd Marcucci Passerini, 1998). During this study, A. venetusas found only in the limestones surrounding BL. It is also

eported from Upper Albian levels of Slovenia (Gorican andmuc, 2004) and from Cenomanian to Lower Turonian levels ofurkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003).


Acanthocircus sp. aff. A. venetus (Squinabol, 1914)Plate 1, Fig. 18aff. 1914. Saturnalis venetus n. f. – Squinabol, p. 269, 299,

l. 20(1), Fig. 2; Pl. 24(5), Fig. 1.aff. 1994. Acanthocircus venetus (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 256, Pl. 45, Figs. 1–8.aff. 1994. Mesosaturnalis preclarus (Foreman) – Erbacher,

. 102, Pl. 19, Fig. 5.Remarks: This form differs from A. venetus (Pessagno) by

aving seven spines in total, whereas A. venetus (Pessagno) hasight spines in minimum.


Genus Vitorfus Pessagno, 1977bType species: Saturnalis brustolensis Squinabol, 1903b

Vitorfus brustolensis (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 1, Fig. 191903b. Saturnalis brustolensis n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 112,

l. 10, Fig. 4.

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1994. Vitorfus brustolensis (Squinabol) – Erbacher, p. 117,l. 13, Fig. 1.

1994. Vitorfus brustolensis (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 266,l. 47, Figs. 8–11 (and entire synonymy).

2004. Vitorfus brustolensis (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S447,l. 28, Figs. 6, 8; Pl. 34, Fig. 13.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known from Upperlbian to Lower Turonian levels (Erbacher, 1994; O’Dogherty,994). During this study, V. brustolensis was found only inne sample (BG 54, Middle Cenomanian). It is also reportedrom Middle Cenomanian strata of northern Turkey and fromhe Lower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina,004).


Vitorfus minimus (Squinabol, 1914)Plate 1, Fig. 201914. Saturnalis minimus n. f. – Squinabol, p. 287, Pl. 23[4],

igs. 6 and 6a.1944. Saturnalis lateralis n. sp. – Campbell and Clark, p. 6,

l. 1, Figs. 7, 10, 11, 13, 15.1994. Vitorfus brustolensis (Squinabol) – Marcucci et al.,

l. 1, Fig. 11.1994. Vitorfus minimus (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 266,

l. 47, Figs. 4–7.1999. Vitorfus minimus (Squinabol) – Khan et al., Pl. 2,

ig. j.Occurrence: During this study, this species was found only

n the Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (sampleTT 567B). However, in the UMB, V. minimus is known frompper Albian to Lower Turonian levels (Marcucci et al., 1994;’Dogherty, 1994). It is also reported from Cenomanian to Tur-nian strata of Spain (Khan et al., 1999).


Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin, 1981Plate 1, Fig. 211981. Vitorfus morini n. sp. – Empson-Morin, p. 261, Pl. 4,

igs. 7a–8d.1994. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin – Marcucci et al., Pl.

, Fig. 10.1994. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin – O’Dogherty, p. 267,

l. 47, Figs. 12–15 (and entire synonymy).1998. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Fig. 10t.2003. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin – Yurtsever et al., Text-

ig. 6K.2004. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin – Bragina, p. S449,

l. 34, Fig. 8.2004. Vitorfus morini Empson-Morin – Scopelliti et al., Text-

ig. 8(14).Occurrence: Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL

f UMB (O’Dogherty, 1994 and this study). V. morini is notound so far within the BL of the UMB, but it is reported byalvini and Marcucci Passerini (1998) in the BL of the South-rn Alps. Outside Italy, this species is also known to occur in

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ower Turonian levels of Turkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003) andn Lower Turonian strata of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina,004).


Order NASSELLARIA Ehrenberg, 1875Family ARCHAEODICTYOMITRIDAE Pessagno, 1976Genus Archaeodictyomitra Pessagno, 1976Type species: Archaeodictyomitra squinaboli Pessagno,

976

Archaeodictyomitra crassispina (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 2, Fig. 11903b. Diplostrobus crassispina n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 140,

l. 8, Fig. 37.1986. Mita gracilis (Squinabol) – Kuhnt et al., Pl. 7, Fig. O.1994. Dictyomitra crassispina (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 79, Pl. 4, Figs. 2–7.2001. Archaeodictyomitra crassispina (Squinabol) – De

ever et al., Text-Fig. 173.4.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported in

pper Cenomanian strata underlying the BL (U.A. 17–18 of’Dogherty, 1994). During the present study, A. crassispinaas found in the lowermost part of the BL. The species is also

eported from Upper Cenomanian strata of Morocco (Kuhnt etl., 1986).


Archaeodictyomitra sp. cf. A. crebrisulcata (Squinabol,904)

Plate 2, Fig. 2cf. 1904. Dictyomitra crebrisulcata n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 231,

l. 10, Fig. 1.cf. 1994. Dictyomitra crebrisulcata Squinabol – O’Dogherty,

. 75, Pl. 2, Figs. 12–17.Occurrence: This species is reported from Upper Cenoma-

ian to Lower Turonian of the UMB (U.A. 17–20 of O’Dogherty,994). During this study, few poorly preserved specimens werenly found within the BL.

Material: Four specimens.

Archaeodictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 2, Fig. 31903b. Stichophormis Montis Serei n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 137,

l. 8, Fig. 38.cf. 1977b. Zifondium lassensis n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 47, Pl. 7,

igs. 4, 20, 22.1994. Dictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 77, Pl. 3, Figs. 18, 20, 22, 23 (only).1994. Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno – Erbacher,

l. 9, Fig. 18 (only).
2004. Dictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) – Bragina,
. S374, Pl. 8, Figs. 4 and 7, non Fig. 2 and 3 (=A. simplex).2004. Archaeodictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) – Gorican

nd Smuc, Pl. 3, Fig. 2 and 3?.


Plate 2. Fig. 1. Archaeodictyomitra crassispina (Squinabol); sample BTT 549. Fig. 2. Archaeodictyomitra sp. cf. A. crebrisulcata (Squinabol); sample BTT BL1/02. Fig. 3. Archaeodictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 19/02. Fig. 4. Archaeodictyomitra turritum (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 5.Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno; sample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 6–8. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno; 6. Sample BTT BL 572; 7. Sample BTT BL 19/02;8. Sample BTT BL 6/02. Figs. 9–11. Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol; 9. Sample BTT BL 18/02; 10, 11. Sample BTT BL 1/02; Figs. 12 and 13. Dictyomitram ensicos 1/02.S le 15

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ulticostata Zittel; sample BTT 564. Figs. 14 and 15. Dictyomitra sp. cf. D. dample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 18. Thanarla brouweri (Squinabol); sample BTT BLample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 21 and 22. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol); 21. Samp

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported through-ut the Middle Albian to Lower Turonian (O’Dogherty, 1994nd this study). It is also reported from Cenomanian strata oforthern Turkey (Bragina, 2004).
Material: More than 100 specimens.
Archaeodictyomitra turritum (Squinabol, 1904)Plate 2, Fig. 4

L1r

stata Pessagno; sample BTT 564. Figs. 16 and 17. Mita gracilis (Squinabol);Figs. 19 and 20. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol); 19. Sample BTT BL 8/02; 20.

/02; 22. Sample 35/02.

1904. Eucyrtidium turritum n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 234, Pl. 10,ig. 9.

1994. Dictyomitra turritum (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 74,l. 2, Figs. 7–11 (and entire synonymy).

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported fromower to Upper Cenomanian strata underlying the BL (U.A.6–18 of O’Dogherty, 1994). During the present study, A. tur-itum was found at the base of the BL.

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Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno, 1977bPlate 2, Fig. 51977b. Archaeodictyomitra simplex n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 43,

l. 6, Figs. 1, 24, 28.1988. Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno – Thurow,

. 398, Pl. 3, Fig. 9.1989. Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno – Tumanda,

. 36, Pl. 8, Fig. 2.pars 1994. Dictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) –

’Dogherty, p. 77, Pl. 3, Figs. 1–4, 6–10, 16, 17, 24only).

?1994. Archaeodictyomitra sp. cf. A. sliteri Pessagno – Pig-otti, Pl. 1, Fig. 17.

2004. Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno – Bragina,. S370, Pl. 7, Figs. 12 and 14.

2004. Dictyomitra montisserei Pessagno – Bragina, p. S370,l. 8, Figs. 2 and 3.

2006. Archaeodictyomitra simplex Pessagno – Musavu-oussavou and Danelian, p. 149, Pl. 1, Figs. 1–3.Occurrence: Albian of California (Pessagno, 1977b), Albian

f Japan (Tumanda, 1989), Middle–Upper Cenomanian oforthern Turkey (Bragina, 2004), Upper Cenomanian-Loweruronian of Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207 (Musavu-Moussavound Danelian, 2006). During this study, A. simplex was found inhe lower part of the BL and underlying limestones.

Material: Approximately 60 specimens.

Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno, 1977bPlate 2, Figs. 6–81977b. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 44,

l. 6, Figs. 3, 4, 22, 23, 27.1989. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno – Tumanda, p. 36,

l. 7, Fig. 2.1991. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno – Marcucci

asserini et al., Text-Figs. 3n-o.1994. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 93,

l. 20, Fig. 3.1994. Archaeodictyomitra sp. – Munasri and Bambang Text-

ig. 7.1.pars 1994. Dictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) –

’Dogherty, p. 77, Pl. 3, Figs. 15, 28, 29 (only).1994. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno – Pignotti, Pl. 1,

ig. 7.1996. Dictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) – Gallicchio et

l., Pl. 1, Fig. 3.1998. Dictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol) – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 7r.2004. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno – Bragina,

. S372, Pl. 7, Figs. 6, 10, 11; Pl. 8, Figs. 8–10, 12; Pl. 34,ig. 6.

2006. Archaeodictyomitra sliteri Pessagno – Musavu-oussavou and Danelian, p. 149, Pl. 1, Fig. 11.Occurrence: Cenomanian of California (Pessagno, 1977b);

pper Albian to Lower Turonian of Italy and Upper Albian

o(U


o Cenomanian of the northern Atlantic (Erbacher, 1994);iddle–Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkey; Lower Turo-

ian of Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004); Upper Cenomanianf the central Atlantic (Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207, Musavu-oussavou and Danelian, 2006). During this study, A. sliterias found throughout the BL.Material: More than 150 specimens.

Genus Dictyomitra Zittel, 1876Type species: Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel, 1876

Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol, 1904Plate 2, Figs. 9–111904. Dictyomitra formosa n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 232, Pl. 10,

ig. 4.1973. Dictyomitra torquata Foreman – Foreman, Pl. 15,

igs. 9–11.1975. Dictyomitra duodecimcostata (Squinabol) – Foreman

. 614, Pl. 1G, Figs. 5, 6; Pl. 7, Fig. 8.1976. Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol – Pessagno, p. 51, Pl. 8,

igs. 10–12.1994. Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol – Munasri and Bam-

ang, Text-Figs. 5.1–5.3, 6.1–6.3.1994. Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol – O’Dogherty, p. 80,

l. 4, Figs. 8–12 (and entire synonymy).1994. Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol – Pignotti, Pl. 2,

igs. 5, 16.Occurrence: In this study, species D. formosa was only found

n lower–middle part of the BL and the underlying Cenoma-ian limestones. However, in other studies from the UMB it isnown to occur throughout the Late Albian to Early Turoniannterval (O’Dogherty, 1994; Pignotti, 1994). It is also reportedrom Lower Coniacian to Lower Campanian strata of CaliforniaPessagno, 1976).


Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel, 1876Plate 2, Figs. 12 and 131876. Dictyomitra multicostata n. sp. – Zittel, p. 81, Pl. 2,

igs. 2–4.1976. Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel – Pessagno, p. 52,

l. 14, Figs. 4–9.1994. Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel – O’Dogherty, p. 82,

l. 4, Figs. 17–19 (and entire synonymy).1994. Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel – Munasri and Bam-

ang, Text-Figs. 7.3–7.5.1998. Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel – Erbacher, p. 369,

l. 1, Fig. 5.1998. Dictyomitra ex. gr. multicostata Zittel – Vish-

evskaya and De Wever, Pl. 2, Figs. 22–25; Pl. 3,ig. 17–19.

2006. Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel – Musavu-Moussavound Danelian, p. 151, Pl. 1, Fig. 6.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to firstccur in the Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BLO’Dogherty, 1994 and this study). It is also reported frompper Turonian to Santonian levels of the equatorial Atlantic

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Erbacher, 1998; Musavu-Moussavou and Danelian, 2006) androm Middle Campanian to Mastrichtian strata of CaliforniaPessagno, 1976).

Material: Five specimens.

Dictyomitra sp. cf. D. densicostata Pessagno, 1976Plate 2, Figs. 14 and 15cf. 1976. Dictyomitra densicostata n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 51,

l. 14, Figs. 10–14.cf. 1998. Dictyomitra densicostata Pessagno – Vishnevskaya

nd De Wever, Pl. 3, Fig. 20.Remarks: These specimens are doubtfully assigned to

. densicostata because of their reduced height (200 �m inaximum).Material: Three specimens.

Genus Mita Pessagno, 1977bType species: Mita magnifica Pessagno, 1977b

Mita gracilis (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 2, Figs. 16 and 171903b. Sethoconus gracilis n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 131, Pl. 10,

ig. 13.1982. Mita gracilis (Squinabol) – Taketani, p. 60, Pl. 5,

igs. 2a and 2b; Pl. 12, Fig. 3.1982. Mita regina (Campbell and Clark) – Taketani, p. 60,

l. 5, Figs. 3a and 3b.1988. Mita gracilis (Squinabol) – Thurow, p. 402, Pl. 3,

ig. 2.1994. Mita gracilis (Squinabol) – Erbacher, p. 102, Pl. 9,

igs. 10 and 11.1994. Dictyomitra gracilis (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 73,

l. 1, Figs. 12–25.1994. Mita gracilis (Squinabol) - Urquhart, Text-Figs. 5.8

nd 5.14.1996. Dictyomitra gracilis (Squinabol) – Gallicchio et al.,

l. 1, Fig. 4.1998. Mita gracilis (Squinabol) – Erbacher, p. 370, Pl. 1,

ig. 13.non 2004. Thanarla gracilis (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S369,

l. 7, Fig. 9.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species was known previously

rom Lower Albian to Middle Cenomanian strata (Erbacher,994; O’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, we found M. gra-ilis at the base of the BL. The species is also reported fromiddle to Upper Cenomanian levels of the equatorial Atlantic

Erbacher, 1998) and from lower Albian levels of the northerntlantic (Erbacher and Thurow, 1998).Material: 13 specimens.

Genus Thanarla Pessagno, 1977bType species: Phormocyrtis veneta Squinabol, 1903b

Thanarla brouweri (Tan, 1927)Plate 2, Fig. 18 F


1927. Eucyrtidium Brouweri spec. nov. typ. – Tan, p. 58,l. 11, Figs. 89a and 89b.

1994. Thanarla brouweri (Tan) – O’Dogherty, p. 86, Pl. 5,igs. 1–12 (and entire synonymy).

2000. Thanarla conica (Aliev) – Mekik Pl. 5, Fig. 28.2003. Thanarla brouweri (Tan) – Ziabrev et al. Figs.

–43.Occurrence: In UMB, this species is reported from Bar-

emian (and older) to middle Albian strata (U.A. 1–11 of’Dogherty, 1994). It is the first time that it is reported fromithin the BL.Material: One specimen.

Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol, 1904)Plate 2, Figs. 19 and 201904. Sethamphora pulchra n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 213, Pl. 5,

ig. 8.1975. Dictyomitra pulchra (Squinabol) – Dumitrica, Text-

ig. 2.7.1976. Lithocampe (?) elegantissima Cita – Pessagno, p. 55,

l. 3, Fig. 6.1982. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol) – Taketani, p. 59, Pl. 11,

ig. 19.1982. Thanarla elegantissima (Cita) – Taketani, p. 59, Pl. 11,

igs. 17 and 18.1989. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol) – Tumanda, p. 40, Pl. 3,

ig. 17.1991. Thanarla elegantissima (Cita) – Marcucci Passerini et

l., Text-Figs. 3a and 3b.1994. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 91,

l. 5, Figs. 28–33 (and entire synonymy).1995. Thanarla elegantissima (Cita) – Bak, p. 21, Fig-text.

0k, l.1998. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol) – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Text-Fig. 6u.1998. Thanarla elegantissima (Cita) – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Text-Fig. 6t.1999. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol) – Bak, Pl. 1, Fig. 9.2002. Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol) – Suzuki et al., p. 57,

ext-Figs. 2 and 3.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from

iddle Albian to Upper Cenomanian strata (U.A. 11–18 of’Dogherty, 1994; this study). However, it is also reported

rom within the BL by Marcucci Passerini et al., 1991; Salvinind Marcucci Passerini, 1998, as was the case of this study.t is also reported from the Lower Cenomanian of CaliforniaPessagno, 1976), the Middle Albian to Upper Cenomanian ofoland (Bak, 1999) and the Albian of Colombia (Suzuki et al.,002).


Thanarla veneta (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 2, Figs. 21 and 221903b. Phormocyrtis veneta n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 134, Pl. 9;

ig. 30.

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1975. Dictyomitra veneta (Squinabol) – Dumitrica, Text-ig. 2.17.

1976. Phormocyrtis (?) veneta Squinabol – Pessagno, p. 55,l. 3, Fig. 10.

1977b. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Pessagno, p. 46, Pl. 2,ig. 8; Pl. 7, Figs. 5, 12, 17, 19, 25.

1982. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Taketani, p. 60, Pl. 5,igs. 1a–c.

1994. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Erbacher, p. 116, Pl. 10,ig. 4; Pl. 20, Fig. 4.

1994. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 92, Pl. 6,igs. 1–4 (and entire synonymy).

1998. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Salvini and Marcucciasserini, Text-Fig. 8k.

1999. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Premoli Silva et al.,l. 4, Fig. 12.

2004. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Scopelliti et al.,ig. 8(13).

2004. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S369, Pl. 7,igs. 7 and 8; Pl. 33 Fig. 11.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known from Middlelbian to Lower Turonian levels (Erbacher, 1994; O’Dogherty,994). More precisely, during this study, T. veneta was found toccur last in the upper part of the BL, while Erbacher (1994)ound it also above the critical interval. This species is alsoeported from the Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkey, theower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004) and

rom Santonian strata of Russia (Vishnevskaya and De Wever,998).


Family CANNOBOTRYIDAE Haeckel, 1881Genus Rhopalosyringium Campbell and Clark, 1944Type species: Rhopalosyringium magnificum Campbell and

lark, 1944

Rhopalosyringium elegans (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 3, Fig. 11903b. Lychnocanium elegans n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 130,

l. 8, Fig. 34.1994. Rhopalosyringium elegans (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 166, Pl. 23, Figs. 1–6.2003. Rhopalosyringium elegans (Squinabol) – Yurtsever et

l., Text-Fig. 7.P.Occurrence: In the UMB, R. elegans is known from Cenoma-

ian limestones underlying the BL (U.A. 17–19 of O’Dogherty,994). During this study, the species was found in only oneample (BL 1/02) coming from the base of the BL. It is alsoeported from Cenomanian strata of Turkey (Yurtsever et al.,003).


Rhopalosyringium majuroensis Schaaf, 1981Plate 3, Fig. 21981. Rhopalosyringium majuroensis n. sp. – Schaaf, p. 437,

l. 6, Figs. 2 and 3; Pl. 23, Fig. 5.


1994. Rhopalosyringium mosquense (Smirnova and Aliev) -’Dogherty, p. 165, Pl. 22, Figs. 1–6.1998. Rhopalosyringium majuroensis Schaaf – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Fig. 6p.2004. Rhopalosyringium majuroensis Schaaf – Bragina,

. S357, Pl. 3, Figs. 7–10.2006. Rhopalosyringium majuroensis Schaaf – Musavu-

oussavou and Danelian, p. 154, Pl. 2, Fig. 1.Occurrence: During this study, this species was found in

nly one sample (BL 1/02) coming from the base of the BL.ut in the UMB, R. majuroensis (=R. mosquense) is known

hroughout the Albian to uppermost Cenomanian (U.A. 10–19f O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). It islso known from Middle–Upper Cenomanian levels of northernurkey (Bragina, 2004) and Upper Cenomanian sediments of

he equatorial Atlantic (ODP Leg 207, Musavu-Moussavou andanelian, 2006).Material: Two specimens.

Rhopalosyringium scissum O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 3, Fig. 31994. Rhopalosyringium scissum nov. sp. – O’Dogherty,

. 168, Pl. 23, Figs. 12–16.1998. Rhopalosyringium scissum O’Dogherty – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Fig. 10l.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur in

he Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty,994; this study, sample BTT 566B). However, it is also reportedrom the top of the BL of Southern Alps (Salvini and Marcucciasserini, 1998).


Family CARPOCANIIDAE Haeckel, 1881 emend. Riedel,967

Subfamily DIACANTHOCAPSINAE O’Dogherty, 1994Genus Diacanthocapsa Squinabol, 1903aType species: Diacanthocapsa euganea Squinabol, 1903b

Diacanthocapsa ovoidea Dumitrica, 1970Plate 3, Fig. 41970. Diacanthocapsa ovoidea n. sp. – Dumitrica, p. 63,

l. 5, Figs. 25a and 25b; Pl. 6, Figs. 26–29b.1982. Diacanthocapsa brevithorax Dumitrica – Taketani,

. 68, Pl. 8, Figs. 1a and 1b.1994. Diacanthocapsa ovoidea Dumitrica – O’Dogherty,

. 220, Pl. 37, Figs. 1–6 (and entire synonymy).1998. Diacanthocapsa ovoidea Dumitrica – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 9o.Occurrence: In the UMB, D. ovoidea is reported from the

iddle Cenomanian to Lower Turonian interval (O’Dogherty,994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). During this study,t was found in only one sample (BL 29/02) coming from the BL.


Genus Guttacapsa O’Dogherty, 1994Type species: Halicapsa gutta Squinabol, 1903b


Plate 3. Fig. 1. Rhopalosyringium elegans (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 2. Rhopalosyringium majuroensis Schaaf; sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 3. Rhopalosy-ringium scissum O’Dogherty; sample BTT 566B. Fig. 4. Diacanthocapsa ovoidea Dumitrica; sample BTT BL 29/02. Fig. 5. Guttacapsa biacuta O’Dogherty; sampleBTT BL 1/02. Fig. 6. Guttacapsa gutta (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 7. Sciadiocapsa sp. cf. S. monticelloensis (Pessagno); sample BTT 572. Fig. 8.Pseudodictyomitra pentacolaensis Pessagno; sample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 9 and 10. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol); 9. Sample BTT BL 6/02;10. Sample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 11 and 12. Pseudodictyomitra tiara (Holmes); 11. Sample BTT BL 6/02; 12. Sample BTT BL 2/02. Fig. 13. Distylocapsa sp. cf.D. squama O’Dogherty; sample BTT BL 29/02. Fig. 14. Dorypyle ovoidea (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 15 and 16. Squinabollum fossile (Squinabol);sample BTT BL 22/02. Fig. 17. Ultranapora dendroacanthos (Squinabol); sample BTT 564. Fig. 18. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman); sample BTT 563. Figs.19 and 20. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica; sample BTT BL 15/02. Figs. 21 and 22. Holocryptocanium tuberculatum; 21. Sample BTT BL 15/02; 22. SampleB

F

P

c

TT BL 1/02. Fig. 23. Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra; sample BTT BL 11/02.

Guttacapsa biacuta (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 3, Fig. 5
1903b. Cenellipsis biacutus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 116, Pl. 8,
ig. 24.1994. Guttacapsa biacuta (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 226,

l. 37, Figs. 31–35 (and entire synonymy).

P

t

1998. Guttacapsa biacuta (Squinabol) – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 6g.

1998. Guttacapsa biacuta (Squinabol) – Erbacher, p. 369,l. 1, Fig. 15.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur inhe Middle–Upper Cenomanian limestones below the BL (U.A.

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7–19 of O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini,998). During this study, G. biacuta was found in only one sam-le (BL 1/02) coming from the base of the BL. It is also reportedrom Middle–Upper Cenomanian sediments of the equatorialtlantic (Erbacher, 1998).Material: Two specimens.

Type species: Guttacapsa gutta (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 3, Fig. 61903b. Cenellipsis biacutus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 116, Pl. 8,

ig. 24.1994. Guttacapsa gutta (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 227,

l. 38, Figs. 1–6.1998. Guttacapsa gutta (Squinabol) – Erbacher, p. 369, Pl. 1,

ig. 8.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur in

he Middle–Upper Cenomanian limestones below the BL (U.A.7–19 of O’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, G. gutta wasound in only one sample (BL 1/02) coming from the base ofhe BL. It is also reported from Upper Turonian to Santonianediments of the equatorial Atlantic (Erbacher, 1998).


Family EUCYRTIDIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1847Genus Eostichomitra Empson-Morin, 1981Type species: Eostichomitra warzigita Empson-Morin, 1981

Eostichomitra bonum (Kozlova) in Kozlova and Gorbovetz,966

Plate 4, Figs. 1 and 21986. Xitus sp. – Kuhnt et al., Pl. 7, Fig. y.1994. Xitus (?) sp. EJ2 – Erbacher, p. 118, Pl. 19, Figs. 13

nd 14.1994. Xitus (?) bonarelli n. sp. – Marcucci et al., p. 30, Pl. 2,

ig. 3.1994. Stichomitra sp. – Munasri and Bambang, Text-

ig. 7.11.1994. Eostichomitra bonum (Kozlova) – O’Dogherty, p. 151,

l. 18, Figs. 16–24 (and entire synonymy).1998. Xitus (?) bonarelli – Salvini and Marcucci Passerini,

ext-Fig. 10u.2003. Eostichomitra bonum (Kozlova) – Yurtsever et al.,

ext-Fig. 7L.2004. Eostichomitra bonum (Kozlova) – Scopelliti et al.,

ig. 8.8.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species was known to occur

n the Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (U.A. 20–21f O’Dogherty, 1994). However, during this study, it also wasound to occur in the upper part of the BL (sample BL 37/02),s well as in the overlying limestones. It is also reported fromower Turonian levels of Turkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003) andicily (Scopelliti et al., 2004).


Genus Phalangites O’Dogherty, 1994Type species: Phalangites calamus O’Dogherty, 1994


Phalangites telum O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 4, Figs. 3 and 41994. Phalangites telum nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 157, Pl. 20,

igs. 16–23.1996. Phalangites telum O’Dogherty – Gallicchio et al., Pl. 1,

ig. 13.1998. Phalangites telum O’Dogherty – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Fig. 10h.Occurrence: Middle Albian to Lower Turonian of UMB

O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). Dur-ng this study, P. telum was only reported from the top of theL.

Material: Nine specimens.

Genus Pseudoeucyrtis Pessagno, 1977aType species: Eucyrtis (?) zhamoidai Foreman, 1973

Pseudoeucyrtis pulchra (Squinabol, 1904)Plate 4, Fig. 51904. Theosyringium pulchrum n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 222,

l. 8, Fig. 7.1994. Pseudoeucyrtis pulchra (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 184, Pl. 27, Figs. 9–13 (and entire synonymy).1998. Pseudoeucyrtis pulchra (Squinabol) – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 10j.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from the

pper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian interval (O’Dogherty,994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). During this study,. pulchra was found only in the lower part of the BL.


Pseudoeucyrtis sp. cf. P. spinosa (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 4, Fig. 6cf. 1903b. Eusyringium spinosum n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 141,

l. 8, Fig. 42.cf. 1994. Pseudoeucyrtis spinosa (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 183, Pl. 27, Figs. 1–8 (and entire synonymy).cf. 1994. Eusyringium spinosum Squinabol – Erbacher, p. 99,

l. 16, Figs. 4 and 5.cf. 1998. Pseudoeucyrtis spinosa (Squinabol) – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 10k.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur

elow the BL (U.A. 11–19 of O’Dogherty, 1994). The fewpecimens found at the base of the BL (sample BL 1/02)esemble to P. spinosa by the subspherical shape of theostabdominal segment and traces of spines on its surface.oubtful identification is due to poor preservation. The species

s also reported from Middle to Upper Albian sediments of theorthern Atlantic (Erbacher, 1994).


Genus Stichomitra Cayeux, 1897
Type species: Stichomitra bertrandi Cayeux, 1897
Stichomitra communis Squinabol, 1903bPlate 4, Figs. 7 and 8


Plate 4. Figs. 1 and 2. Eostichomitra bonum (Kozlova); 1. Sample BTT BL 37/02; 2. Sample BTT 564. Figs. 3 and 4. Phalangites telum O’Dogherty; 3. SampleBTT 572; 4. Sample BTT 564. Fig. 5. Pseudoeucyrtis pulchra (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 6. Pseudoeucyrtis sp. cf. P. spinosa (Squinabol); sample BTTBL 1/02. Figs. 7 and 8. Stichomitra communis Squinabol; 7. Sample BTT BL 11/02; 8. Sample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 9–12. Stichomitra stocki (Campbell and Clark);9, 10. Sample BTT 28/02; 11. Sample BTT 23/02; 12. Sample BTT 1/02. Fig. 13. Stichomitra tosaensis Nakaseko and Nishimura; sample BTT BL 25/02. Figs. 14and 15. Xitus mclaughlini Pessagno; 14. Sample BTT BL 1/02; 15. Sample BTT BL 15/02. Fig. 16. Xitus sp. cf. X. mclaughlini Pessagno; sample BTT BL 1/02.Figs. 17 and 18. Xitus spicularius (Aliev); 17. Sample BTT BL 6/02; 18. Sample BTT BL 1/02. Figs. 19–21. Xitus sp. A; sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 22. Xitus sp.B; sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 23. Torculum sp. cf. T. coronatum (Squinabol); sample BTT BL 1/02.

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1903b. Stichomitra communis n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 141, Pl. 8,ig. 40.

1981. Stichomitra gr. asymbatos (Foreman) – De Wever andhiebault p. 593, Pl. 1, Figs. 9 and 18.

1982. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Taketani, p. 54,l. 3, Fig. 9; Pl. 11, Fig. 5.

1994. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – O’Dogherty,. 144, Pl. 17, Figs. 6–16 (and entire synonymy).

1994. Stichomitra asymbatos Foreman – Pignotti, Pl. 2,ig. 12.

1995. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Bak, p. 20, Text-igs. 12b and 12c.

1998. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Erbacher, p. 370,l. 1, Fig. 12.

1998. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8j.

1999. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Premoli Silva et al.,l. 4, Fig. 13.

2003. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Yurtsever et al.,ext-Fig. 7M.

2004. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Bragina, p. S374,l. 9, Figs. 2 and 6; Pl. 32, Figs. 10–12; Pl. 33, Fig. 16.

2004. Stichomitra insignis (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S375,l. 9, Figs. 3–5, 7.

2006. Stichomitra communis Squinabol – Musavu-oussavou and Danelian, p. 155, Pl. 32 Figs. 14–16.Occurrence: In the UMB, S. communis is known from

he Middle Aptian to Lower Turonian (O’Dogherty, 1994;alvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998, this study). It is alsoeported from the Cenomanian to Lowermost Coniacian ofapan (Taketani, 1982), from the Upper Albian to Loweruronian of the equatorial Atlantic (Erbacher, 1998; Musavu-oussavou and Danelian, 2006) and from the Cenomanian

o Turonian of Turkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003; Bragina,004).

Material: Approximately 100 specimens.

Stichomitra stocki (Campbell and Clark, 1944)Plate 4, Figs. 9–121944. Stichocapsa (?) stocki n. sp. – Campbell and Clark,

. 44, Pl. 8, Figs. 31–33.1986. Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark) – Kuhnt et

l., Pl. 7, Fig. u.1994. Stichomitra stocki (Campbell and Clark) – O’Dogherty,

. 146, Pl. 18, Figs. 10–15.1998. Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark) – Vish-

evskaya and De Wever, p. 255, Pl. 2, Fig. 21.1998. Stichomitra stocki (Campbell and Clark) – Erbacher,

. 370, Pl. 1, Fig. 14 non Pl. 2, Fig. 1 (=S. mediocris).2004. Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark) – Bragina,

. S375, Pl. 9, Fig. 11 (only); Pl. 32, Fig. 8.2006. Stichomitra stocki (Campbell and Clark) – Musavu-

oussavou and Danelian, p. 155, Figs. 11–13.Occurrence: This species is recorded from the Upper Ceno-

anian to Lower Turonian of the UMB (O’Dogherty, 1994;his study). It is also reported from the Uppermost Cenoma-

a

A1


ian to lowermost Turonian of Morocco (Kuhnt et al., 1986),rom the Albian to Turonian, Santonian of Russia (Vishnevskayand De Wever, 1998); from the Upper Cenomanian of Demer-ra Rise, ODP leg 207 (Musavu-Moussavou and Danelian,006).

Material: Five specimens.Stichomitra tosaensis Nakaseko and Nishimura in Nakaseko

t al., 1979Plate 4, Fig. 131979. Stichomitra tosaensis n. sp. – Nakaseko and Nishimura,

. 24, Pl. 7, Fig. 11.1994. Stichomitra sp. EJ1 – Erbacher, p. 114, Pl. 15, Fig. 2;

l. 19, Fig. 10.1994. Stichomitra tosaensis Nakaseko and Nishimura –

’Dogherty, p. 146, Pl. 18, Figs. 1–8.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur

hroughout the Lower Albian to Lower Turonian intervalErbacher, 1994; O’Dogherty, 1994; this study).


Family NEOSCIADIOCAPSIDAE Pessagno, 1969Genus Sciadiocapsa Squinabol, 1904Type species: Sciadiocapsa euganea Squinabol, 1904

Sciadiocapsa sp. cf. S. monticelloensis (Pessagno, 1969)Plate 3, Fig. 7cf. 1969. Microsciadocapsa monticelloensis n. sp. – Pes-

agno, p. 407, Pl. 32, Figs. 3–9; Pl. 34, Figs. 1 and 2.cf. 1994. Sciadiocapsa monticelloensis (Pessagno) –

’Dogherty, p. 230, Pl. 39, Figs. 9–12 (and entire synonymy).cf. 2004. Sciadiocapsa monticelloensis (Pessagno) – Scopel-

iti et al., Text-Fig. 8(12).Remarks: Doubtful identification is due to incomplete

reservation of the proximal part of the test.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species occurs only in the

ower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty,994). However, it is also reported from the Uppermost Ceno-anian levels of Sicily (Scopelliti et al., 2004).Material: Two specimens.

Family PSEUDODICTYOMITRIDAE Pessagno, 1977bGenus Pseudodictyomitra Pessagno, 1977bType species: Pseudodictyomitra pentacolaensis Pessagno,

977b

Pseudodictyomitra pentacolaensis Pessagno, 1977bPlate 3, Fig. 81977b. Pseudodictyomitra pentacolaensis n. sp. – Pessagno,

. 50, Pl. 8, Figs. 3, 17, 23.1994. Pseudodictyomitra pentacolaensis Pessagno –

’Dogherty, p. 104, Pl. 7, Figs. 29–32 (and entire synonymy).1998. Pseudodictyomitra pentacolaensis Pessagno – Salvini

nd Marcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8g.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from Upper

ptian to Upper Cenomanian levels (U.A. 8–19 of O’Dogherty,994). It last occurs within the middle part of the BL (this study,

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ample BL 17/02). It is also reported from the Upper Albian ofalifornia (Pessagno, 1977b).


Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 3, Figs. 9 and 101903b. Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala n. sp. – Squinabol,

. 139, Pl. 10, Fig. 2.1975. Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala Squinabol –

umitrica, Text-Fig. 2.19.1976. Dictyomitra (?) pseudomacrocephala Squinabol – Pes-

agno, p. 53, Pl. 3, Figs. 2 and 3.1985. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala – Sanfilippo

nd Riedel p. 608, Text-Figs. 10.1a–e.1991. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Marcucci Passerini et al., Text-Fig. 3h.1994. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)O’Dogherty, p. 108, Pl. 8, Figs. 5–8 (and entire

ynonymy).1994. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Pignotti, Pl. 1, Fig. 12.1998. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8h.1999. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Bak, Pl. 1, Fig. 12.2003. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Yurtsever et al., Text-Fig. 7N.2004. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Scopelliti et al., Fig. 8(11).2004. Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol)

Bragina, p. S367, Pl. 7, Fig. 4; Pl. 32, Figs. 9, 14–16.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur in

he Lower Albian to Lower Turonian levels, including the BLMarcucci Passerini et al., 1991; O’Dogherty, 1994; this study).t is also reported from the Middle Albian to Upper Cenomanianf Poland (Bak, 1999), from the Middle Cenomanian to Loweruronian of Turkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003; Bragina, 2004) androm the Upper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian of the Crimean

ountains (Bragina, 2004).Material: More than 100 specimens.

Pseudodictyomitra tiara (Holmes, 1900)Plate 3, Figs. 11 and 121900. Dictyomitra tiara sp. nov. – Holmes, p. 701, Pl. 38,

ig. 4.1975. Dictyomitra tiara sp. Holmes – Dumitrica, Text-

ig. 2.9.1986. Pseudodictyomitra nakasekoi (Taketani) – Kuhnt et al.,

l. 7, Fig. s.1991. Pseudodictyomitra carpatica (Lozyniak) – Marcucci

asserini et al., Text-Fig. 3k.1994. Pseudodictyomitra nakasekoi (Taketani) – Erbacher,

. 110, Pl. 15, Figs. 5 and 6.
1994. Pseudodictyomitra tiara (Holmes) – O’Dogherty,
. 109, Pl. 8, Figs. 9–11 (and entire synonymy).1994. Pseudodictyomitra carpatica (Lozyniak) – Pignotti,

l. 1, Fig. 18.


1996. Pseudodictyomitra tiara (Holmes) – Gallicchio et al.,l. 1, Fig. 9.

1998. Pseudodictyomitra tiara (Holmes) – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 6n.

1999. Pseudodictyomitra carpatica (Lozyniak) – Premoliilva et al., Pl. 4, Fig. 9.

2003. Pseudodictyomitra tiara (Holmes) – Yurtsever et al.,ext-Fig. 7O.

2004. Pseudodictyomitra nakasekoi (Taketani) – Bragina,. S366, Pl. 7, Figs. 1–3.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is recorded in Ceno-anian strata (i.e., O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucciasserini, 1998; this study). It last occurs within the middle partf the BL (Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998; this study, sam-le BL 16/02). It is also known from the Cenomanian of TurkeyYurtsever et al., 2003; Bragina, 2004).


Family SYRINGOCAPSIDAE Foreman, 1973Genus Distylocapsa Squinabol, 1904Type species: Distylocapsa nova Squinabol, 1904

Distylocapsa sp. cf. D. squama O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 3, Fig. 131994. Distylocapsa squama nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 189,

l. 28, Figs. 16–21.1998. Distylocapsa squama O’Dogherty – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 10s.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species was known to occur in

he Lower Turonian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty,994). The single specimen found during this study comesrom the middle–upper part of the BL (sample BL 29/02). Its doubtfully assigned to D. squama because of its relativelyoor preservation. This species is also known to occur at the topf the BL of the Southern Alps (Salvini and Marcucci Passerini,998).


Genus Dorypyle Squinabol, 1904Type species: Dorypyle cretacea Squinabol, 1904

Dorypyle ovoidea (Squinabol, 1904)Plate 3, Fig. 141904. Lithomespilus ovoideus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 198,

l. 4, Fig. 8.1994. Dorypyle ovoidea (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 205,

l. 33, Figs. 1–7.Occurrence: In the UMB, D. ovoidea was known to last

ccur in the Upper Cenomanian limestones underlying the BLO’Dogherty, 1994). In this study, the species was found in oneample (BL 1/02) coming from the base of the BL.


Genus Squinabollum Dumitrica, 1970Type species: Clistophaena fossile Squinabol, 1903b

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Squinabollum fossile (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 3, Figs. 15 and 161903b. Clistophaena fossilis n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 130, Pl. 10,

ig. 11.1975. Squinabollum fossilis (Squinabol) – Dumitrica, Text-

ig. 2.29.1994. Squinabollum fossile (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 203, Pl. 32, Figs. 4–10 (and entire synonymy).1998. Squinabollum fossile (Squinabol) – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 6s.2004. Squinabollum fossile (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S385,

l. 12, Figs. 1–4.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is recorded from Mid-

le Albian to Lower Turonian strata (O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvinind Marcucci Passerini, 1998; this study). It is also reportedrom the Cenomanian of Romania (Dumitrica, 1975), the Upperenomanian of northern Turkey and the Lower Turonian of therimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004).


Family ULTRANAPORIDAE Pessagno, 1977bGenus Ultranapora Pessagno, 1977bType species: Ultranapora durhami Pessagno, 1977b

Ultranapora dendroacanthos (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 3, Fig. 171903b. Tripilidium dendroacanthos n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 126,

l. 8, Fig. 32.1977b. Ultranapora dumitricai n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 38, Pl. 5,

igs. 7, 16, 17, 21.1994. Ultranapora dendroacanthos (Squinabol) –

’Dogherty, p. 243, Pl. 42, Figs. 10–12 (and entire synonymy).Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known from Lower

uronian limestones overlying the BL (O’Dogherty, 1994; thistudy, sample BTT 565). However, it is also reported from thepper Albian of California (Pessagno, 1977b).Material: Three specimens.

Family XITIDAE Pessagno, 1977bGenus Xitus Pessagno, 1977bType species: Xitus plenus Pessagno, 1977bRemarks: In the UMB, genus Xitus (sensu O’Dogherty,

994) last occurs in the Upper Cenomanian, and more partic-larly within the BL (Erbacher and Thurow, 1997; this study).owever, it is also reported from Lower Turonian strata of therimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004) and from Coniacian toantonian levels of the Russian platform (Vishnevskaya ande Wever, 1998). Therefore, its last occurrence in the UMB is

egarded as a local extinction.

Xitus mclaughlini (Pessagno, 1977b)Plate 4, Figs. 14 and 151977b. Xitus mclaughlini n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 54, Pl. 9,

ig. 17.

P

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1991. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Marcucci Passerinit al., Text-Figs. 3f and 3g.

1994. Xitus mclaughlini (Pessagno) – O’Dogherty, p. 130,l. 12, Figs. 14–21 (and entire synonymy).

1994. Novixitus weyli Schmidt-Effing – Erbacher, p. 104,l. 14, Figs. 7 and 8.

1995. Novixitus weyli Schmidt-Effing – Bak, p. 17, Text-ig. 12m.

1995. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Bak, p. 17, Text-igs. 12n and 12r.

1996. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Gallicchio et al.,l. 1, Fig. 9.

non 1998. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 370,l. 2, Fig. 6 (=X. spicularius)

1998. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, p. 793, Text-Fig. 6–l.

1999. Xitus mclaughlini (Pessagno) – Bak, Pl. 1, Fig. 10.2004. Novixitus weyli Schmidt-Effing – Bragina, p. S366,

l. 6, Figs. 1, 5–8, 10, 11.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from

ower Albian to Upper Cenomanian levels (i.e., Marcucciasserini et al., 1991; O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucciasserini, 1998; this study). It is also reported from the Lowerlbian to Upper Cenomanian of Poland (Bak, 1999).Material: 48 specimens.

Xitus sp. cf. X. mclaughlini (Pessagno, 1977b)Plate 4, Fig. 16cf. 1977b. Novixitus mclaughlini – Pessagno, p. 54, Pl. 9,

ig. 17.cf. 1994. Xitus mclaughlini (Pessagno) – O’Dogherty, p. 130,

l. 12, Figs. 14–21.cf. 1998. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, p. 793, Fig. 6-l.cf. 2004. Novixitus weyli Schmidt-Effing - Bragina, p. S366,

l. 6, Figs. 1, 5–8, 10, 11.Remarks: The specimen illustrated here is doubtfully

ssigned to X. mclaughlini because of the rather subcylindri-al shape and poorly developed tubercles on the distal part of itsest.


Xitus spicularius (Aliev, 1965)Plate 4, Figs. 17 and 181965. Dictyomitra spicularia Aliev – Aliev, p. 39, Pl. 6,

ig. 9.1994. Xitus spicularius (Aliev) – O’Dogherty, p. 127, Pl. 11,

igs. 17–31.1994. Xitus spicularius (Aliev) – Erbacher, p. 118, Pl. 3,

ig. 4; Pl. 15, Fig. 7.1998. Xitus spicularius (Aliev) – Erbacher, p. 371, Pl. 1,

igs. 1 and 2.
1998. Novixitus mclaughlini Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 370,
l. 2, Fig. 6.1998. Xitus spicularius (Aliev) – Vishnevskaya and De

ever, p. 258, Pl. 1, Figs. 10, 14, 15.

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2004. Xitus spicularius (Aliev) – Bragina, p. S362, Pl. 5,igs. 1–6; Pl. 33, Figs. 19, 29, 22.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known fromower Aptian to Upper Cenomanian levels (Erbacher, 1994;’Dogherty, 1994). The present study allows specifying its lastccurrence in the lower part of the BL. The species is alsoeported from the Upper Turonian to Santonian of the equatorialtlantic (Erbacher, 1998), the Middle–Upper Cenomanian oforthern Turkey and the Middle Cenomanian to Lower Turonianf the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004).


Xitus sp. APlate 4, Figs. 19–21Description: Test elongated conical bearing an inner layer

f small circular pores and an outer layer composed of smallubercles situated along circumferential ridges. The first ridges more prominent and separates the test into a proximalnd a distal part. Tubercles are interconnected by numerousars.


Xitus sp. BPlate 4, Fig. 22Description: Test elongated cylindrical, bearing an outer

ayer of three prominent ridges composed of circumferentialows of small tubercles. The first ridge is situated at the prox-mal part of the test, while the two others situated towards thease of the perforated distal part.

Material: One specimen

Genus Torculum O’Dogherty, 1994Type species: Theoconus coronatus Squinabol, 1904

Torculum sp. cf. T. coronatum (Squinabol)Plate 4, Fig. 23cf. 1904. Theoconus coronatus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 220,

l. 8, Fig. 3.cf. 1994. Torculum coronatum (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 133, Pl. 12, Figs. 27 and 28; Pl. 14, Figs. 1–29 (and entireynonymy).

Remarks: This morphotype is questionably assigned toorculum coronatum because of the poor preservation of itsroximal part.


Family WILLIRIEDELLIDAE Dumitrica, 1970Genus Cryptamphorella Dumitrica, 1970Type species: Hemicryptocapsa conara Foreman, 1968

Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman, 1968)Plate 3, Fig. 181968. Hemicryptocapsa conara – Foreman, p. 35, Pl. 4,

igs. 11a and 11b.

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1970. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Dumitrica, p.0, Pl. 11, Figs. 66a–c.

1994. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Erbacher, p. 97,l. 5, Fig. 7.

1994. Hemicryptocapsa conara Foreman – Gorican, p. 65,l. 14, Figs. 11, 12a and 12b.

1995. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Bak, p. 12, Text-ig. 12d.

1998. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 7q.

1999. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Premoli Silva etl., Pl. 4, Fig. 3.

2004. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Bragina, p.383, Pl. 12, Fig. 9.

2004. Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) – Bragina, p. 157,l. 3, Fig. 1.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported fromower Albian levels (Erbacher, 1994) and from within theL (up to its upper part; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini,998). During this study, it was found at the base of theL and underlying limestones. It is also reported fromower Maastrichtian levels of California (Foreman, 1968),

rom the Late Valanginian to Middle Albian of the Budvaone (Gorican, 1994), from the Upper Cenomanian of north-rn Turkey and Lower Turonian of the Crimean MountainsBragina, 2004) and from the Upper Cenomanian of Demer-ra Rise, ODP Leg 207 (Musavu-Moussavou and Danelian,006).


Genus Holocryptocanium Dumitrica, 1970Type species: Holocryptocanium tuberculatum Dumitrica,

970

Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica, 1970Plate 3, Figs. 19 and 201970. Holocryptocanium barbui n. sp. – Dumitrica, p. 76,

l. 17, Figs. 105–108b; Pl. 21, Fig. 136.1975. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Dumitrica,

ext-Fig. 2.1.1989. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Tumanda, p.

7, Pl. 7, Figs. 20 and 21.1993. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Bak p. 197,

l. 4, Fig. 1.1994. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Gorican, p. 72,

l. 14, Figs. 10, 13, 14.1994. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Erbacher, p.

01, Pl. 5, Fig. 8; Pl. 13, Fig. 11.1994. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Pignotti, Pl. 2,

igs. 8 and 17.1995. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Bak, p. 16,

ext-Figs. 12k-I.
1998. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Salvini and
arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8a.1999. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Bak, Pl. 1,

ig. 1.

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2001. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Bak et al. Text-igs. 17H, I.

2004. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Bragina,. S376, Pl. 10, Fig. 12; Pl. 31, Figs. 1 and 2b.

2006. Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica – Musavu-oussavou and Danelian, 2006, p. 157, Pl. 3, Fig. 2.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur

hroughout the Lower Cenomanian to Lower Turonian inter-al (Erbacher, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998).n this study, H. barbui was found only in the lower partf the BL. It is also known from the Cenomanian of Ruma-ia (Dumitrica, 1970), from the Aptian to Upper Turonian ofoland (Bak, 1995, 1999), from the Middle Cenomanian toower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004) and

rom the Upper Cenomanian of the equatorial Atlantic (Demer-ra Rise, ODP Leg 207, Musavu-Moussavou and Danelian,006).


Holocryptocanium tuberculatum Dumitrica, 1970Plate 3, Figs. 21 and 221970. Holocryptocanium tuberculatum n. sp. – Dumitrica,

. 75, Pl. 16, Figs. 102, 103a–c; Pl. 21, Figs. 138a and 138b.1975. Holocryptocanium tuberculatum Dumitrica –

umitrica, Text-Fig. 2.2.1977b. Holocryptocanium astiensis n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 40,

l. 6, Figs. 16, 21, 26.1991. Holocryptocanium astiensis Pessagno – Marcucci

asserini et al., Text-Fig. 3m.1994. Conosphaera tuberosa Tan Sin Hok – Erbacher, p. 95,

l. 17, Fig. 9.1995. Holocryptocanium tuberculatum Dumitrica – Bak,

. 17, Text-Figs. 12h and 12i.1995. Hemicriptocapsa tuberosa Dumitrica – Bak, p. 16,

ext-Fig. 12j.1998. Holocryptocanium astiensis Pessagno – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 6j.1999. Holocryptocanium tuberculatum Dumitrica – Bak,

l. 1, Fig. 5.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known from Upper

enomanian levels (Marcucci Passerini et al., 1991; Salvini andarcucci Passerini, 1998). During this study, it was found in

he lower part of the BL and the underlying limestones. It is alsoeported from the Lower Cenomanian of California (Pessagno,977b) and from Albian to Lower Turonian strata of PolandBak, 1999).


Genus Hemicryptocapsa Tan, 1927, emend. Dumitrica, 1970Type species: Hemicryptocapsa capita Tan, 1927 (subse-

uent designation by Campbell, 1954)

Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra Dumitrica, 1970Plate 3, Fig. 231970. Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra n. sp. – Dumitrica, p. 72,

l. 14, Figs. 85a–c.

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1994. Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra Dumitrica – Erbacher,. 101, Pl. 17, Fig. 11.

1994. Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra Dumitrica – Gorican,. 71, Pl. 14, Figs. 7 and 8.

1994. Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra Dumitrica – O’Dogherty,. 215, Pl. 35, Figs. 26–30 (and entire synonymy).

1998. Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra Dumitrica – Salvini andarcucci Passerini, 1998, Fig. 9v.Occurrence: In UMB, this species is reported from the

pper part of the BL (Erbacher, 1994; Salvini and Marcucciasserini, 1998) and the overlying limestones (Erbacher, 1994;’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, it was found in the lowerart of the BL (sample BL 10/02) and its overlying limestonessample BTT 572).


Order SPUMELLARIA Ehrenberg, 1875Family ANGULOBRACCHIIDAE Baumgartner, 1980

mend. De Wever et al., 2001Genus Paronaella Pessagno, 1971aType species: Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno, 1971a

Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno, 1971aPlate 5, Figs. 1 and 21971a. Paronaella solanoensis n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 48, Pl. 10,

igs. 2 and 3.1994. Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno – O’Dogherty,

. 354, Pl. 66, Figs. 19–24 (and entire synonymy).1998. Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 10e.2004. Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno – Bragina, p. S411,

l. 39, Fig. 12.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur

rom the Uppermost Cenomanian to the Lower TuronianO’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). Theresence of P. solanoensis in a middle Cenomanian sample (BG-8) of this study extends its known age range in the UMB.his species is also reported from the Upper Turonian to Conia-ian of California (Pessagno, 1971a), from the Middle–Upperenomanian of northern Turkey and from the Upper Cenoma-ian to Lower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina,004).


Family ARCHAEOSPONGOPRUNIDAE Pessagno, 1973Genus Archaeospongoprunum Pessagno, 1973Type species: Archaeospongoprunum venadoensis

essagno, 1973

Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis Pessagno, 1973Plate 5, Figs. 3–6
1973. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis n. sp. – Pessagno,
. 60, Pl. 9, Figs. 4–6.1976. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis Pessagno – Pes-

agno, p. 33, Pl. 1, Fig. 3.


Plate 5. Figs. 1 and 2. Paronaella solanoensis Pessagno; 1. Sample BTT 564; 2. Sample BG 48. Figs. 3–6. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis (Pessagno); 3.Sample BTT 564; 4. Sample BTT 572; 5. Sample BTT 564; 6. Sample BTT 572. Fig. 7. Archaeospongoprunum triplum (Pessagno); sample BTT 572. Fig. 8.Cavaspongia antelopensis (Pessagno); sample BTT 572. Fig. 9. Cavaspongia contracta O’Dogherty; sample BTT 572. Fig. 10. Cavaspongia euganea (Squinabol);sample BG 54. Fig. 11. Cavaspongia sphaerica O’Dogherty; sample BTT 572. Figs. 12 and 13. Praeconocaryomma lipmanae Pessagno; sample BTT 572. Fig. 14.Dactyliosphaera lepta (Foreman); sample BG 54. Fig. 15. Dactyliosphaera silviae; sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 16. Crucella irwini Pessagno; sample BG 54. Fig.17. Crucella messinae Pessagno; sample BTT BL 35/02. Figs. 18 and 19. Crucella cachensis Pessagno; 18. Sample BTT 572; 19. Sample BTT BL 34/02. Figs. 20and 21. “Cenosphaera” boria Pessagno; sample BTT BL 11/02.

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1994. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis Pessagno –rbacher, p. 94, Pl. 12, Fig. 2.

1998. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis Pessagno –alvini and Marcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 9b.

2004. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis Pessagno – Brag-na, p. S407, Pl. 18, Figs. 5, 10, 11, 13, 14.

2006. Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis Pessagno –usavu-Moussavou and Danelian, p. 159, Pl. 3, Figs. 11–15.Occurrence: In the UMB, A. cortinaensis is reported from

pper Albian to Lower Turonian levels (Erbacher, 1994). Dur-ng this study, it was found to occur only in the limestonesnderlying and overlying the BL. This species is also knownrom the Lower Cenomanian to Lower Coniacian of CaliforniaPessagno, 1973), from the Uppermost Cenomanian equivalentf the BL of Southern Alps (Salvini and Marcucci Passerini,998), from the Middle–Upper Cenomanian of northern TurkeyBragina, 2004) and from the Lower Turonian of the equatorialtlantic (Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207, Musavu-Moussavou

nd Danelian, 2006).Material: Four specimens.

Archaeospongoprunum triplum Pessagno, 1976Plate 5, Fig. 71976. Archaeospongoprunum triplum n. sp. – Pessagno,

. 33, Pl. 6, Fig. 2.1998. Archaeospongoprunum triplum Pessagno – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 9C.2004. Archaeospongoprunum triplum Pessagno – Bragina,

. S407, Pl. 35, Fig. 13.Occurrence: This species is reported from the Coniacian

f California (Pessagno, 1976), from the Uppermost Ceno-anian equivalent of the BL of Southern Alps (Salvini andarcucci Passerini, 1998) and from the Lower Turonian of therimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004). As far as we know, it is

he first time that it is reported here from the UMB. Duringhis study, it was found to occur only in one sample (BTT72) coming from the limestones overlying the BL (Loweruronian).


Family CAVASPONGIIDAE Pessagno, 1973Genus Cavaspongia Pessagno, 1973Type species: Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno, 1973

Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno, 1973Plate 5, Fig. 81973. Cavaspongia antelopensis n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 76,

l. 18, Figs. 4 and 5; Pl. 19, Fig. 1.1986. Cavaspongia californiaensis Pessagno – Kuhnt et al.,

l. 8, Fig. l.1994. Cavaspongia californiaensis Pessagno – Marcucci et

l., Pl. 1, Fig. 5.
1994. Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno – O’Dogherty,
. 313, Pl. 57, Figs. 17–23 (and entire synonymy).1996. Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno – Gallicchio et al.,

l. 1, Fig. 16.


1998. Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno – Salvini and Mar-ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 9g.

1998. Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno – Vishnevskayand De Wever, p. 247, Pl. 3, Fig. 9.

2003. Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno – Yurtsever et al.,ext-Fig. 6.L.

2004. Cavaspongia antelopensis Pessagno – Bragina,. S421, Pl. 23, Figs. 9 and 11; Pl. 37, Fig. 7.

Occurrence: In the UMB, the species is known to occur inhe upper part of BL (Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998)nd in the overlying Lower Turonian limestones (O’Dogherty,994). During this study, C. antelopensis was found only inamples overlying the BL. However, it is also reported from

iddle–Upper Cenomanian strata of northern Turkey and Loweruronian levels of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004).


Cavaspongia contracta O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 5, Fig. 91994. Cavaspongia contracta nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 311,

l. 57, Figs. 8–11.2004. Cavaspongia contracta O’Dogherty – Bragina,

. S421, Pl. 40, Fig. 11.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur

hroughout the Lower Cenomanian to Lower Turonian intervalO’Dogherty, 1994 and this study). C. contracta is also knownrom the Upper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian of the Crimean

ountains and from the Upper Cenomanian of northern TurkeyBragina, 2004).


Cavaspongia euganea (Squinabol, 1904)Plate 5, Fig. 101904. Euchitonia euganea n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 204, Pl. 6,

ig. 1.1976. Dumitrica maxwellensis n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 38, Pl. 4,

igs. 10 and 11.1994. Dumitrica maxwellensis Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 98,

l. 18, Fig. 6.1994. Cavaspongia euganea (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 309, Pl. 56, Figs. 8–14 (and entire synonymy).1998. Dumitrica maxwellensis Pessagno – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 9r.2004. Cavaspongia euganea (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S421,

l. 24, Figs. 11 and 12; Pl. 40, Figs. 1 and 8.Occurrence: In the UMB, C. euganea is reported from

iddle Albian to Lower Turonian levels (Erbacher, 1994;’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, it was found only in sam-les coming from limestones underlying the BL. The speciess also known from the Middle–Upper Cenomanian of northernurkey and from the Lower Turonian of the Crimean MountainsBragina, 2004).


Cavaspongia sphaerica O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 5, Fig. 11

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1994. Cavaspongia sphaerica nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 311,l. 57, Figs. 1–7.

1998. Cavaspongia sphaerica O’Dogherty – Erbacher,. 369, Pl. 2, Fig. 23.

2003. Cavaspongia sphaerica O’Dogherty – Yurtsever et al.,ext-Fig. 7.N.

Occurrence: This species is reported from the Upper Albiano Lower Turonian interval of UMB (O’Dogherty, 1994). Duringhis study, C. sphaerica was found in only one sample (BTT 572)oming from limestones overlying the BL. It is also reportedrom the Cenomanian to Lower Turonian of Turkey (Yurtsevert al., 2003).


Family CONOCARYOMMIDAE Lipman, 1969 emend. Deever et al., 2001Genus Praeconocaryomma Pessagno, 1976Type species: Praeconocaryomma universa Pessagno, 1976

Praeconocaryomma lipmanae Pessagno, 1976Plate 5, Figs. 12 and 13?1976. Preconocaryomma lipmanae n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 41,

l. 4, Figs. 12 and 13.1998. Preconocaryomma lipmanae Pessagno – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8c.Remarks: The specimen illustrated on Fig. 22 is question-

bly assigned to P. lipmanae because of its outline, whichisplays mamae without spines on the top.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occurithin the BL (Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). Dur-

ng this study, P. lipmanae was found in the Lower Turonianimestones overlying the BL, extending thus its known age inhis basin. It is also reported from Upper Cenomanian to Loweruronian levels of California (Pessagno, 1976).

Material: Six specimens.

Family DACTYLIOSPHAERIDAE Squinabol, 1904Genus Dactyliosphaera Squinabol, 1904Type species: Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol, 1904

Dactyliosphaera lepta (Foreman, 1978)Plate 5, Fig. 141978. Amphibrachium leptum n. sp. – Foreman, p. 841, Pl. 1,

igs. 8 and 9.1994.?Spongodruppa sp. EJ1 – Erbacher, p. 113, Pl. 13,

ig. 3.1994. Dactyliosphaera lepta (Foreman) – O’Dogherty,

. 340, Pl. 63, Figs. 13–21 (and entire synonymy).1998. Dactyliosphaera lepta (Foreman) – Erbacher, p. 369,

l. 1, Fig. 28.2006. Dactyliosphaera lepta (Foreman) – Musavu-

oussavou and Danelian, p. 160, Pl. 4, Figs. 6 and.

Occurrence: This species is reported from the Late Albiano Late Cenomanian interval of the UMB (O’Dogherty, 1994

F

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nd this study). It is also known from the Albian to Cenomanianf the southern Atlantic (Foreman, 1978), from the Late Albiano Late Cenomanian of the northern Atlantic (Erbacher, 1994)nd from the Middle to Upper Cenomanian of the equatorialtlantic (Erbacher, 1998; Musavu-Moussavou and Danelian,006).

Material: Eight specimens.

Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol, 1904Plate 5, Fig. 151903b. Gen. and sp. nov. – Squinabol, p. 121, Pl. 9,

ig. 21.1904. Dactyliosphaera silviae n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 196,

l. 4, Fig. 3.1975. Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol – Dumitrica, Text-

ig. 2.14.1988. Pseudoaulophacus (?) sp. D – Thurow p. 404, Pl. 5,

ig. 14.1994. Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol – O’Dogherty,

. 341, Pl. 63, Figs. 22–26 (and entire synonymy).1996. Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol – Gallicchio et al.,

l. 1, Fig. 6.1998. Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Fig. 6d.2004. Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol – Bragina, p. S429,

l. 25, Figs. 5–8.2006. Dactyliosphaera silviae Squinabol – Musavu-

oussavou and Danelian, p. 160, Pl. 4, Figs. 1–3.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known from the

pper Cenomanian limestones underlying the BL (O’Dogherty,994) and from the lower part of the critical interval (Salvini andarcucci Passerini, 1998; this study). D. silviae is also reported

rom the Cenomanian of Roumania (Dumitrica, 1975), fromhe Middle–Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkey (Bragina,004) and from the Upper Cenomanian of the equatorialtlantic (Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207, Musavu-Moussavou

nd Danelian, 2006).Material: Three specimens.

Family HAGIASTRIDAE Riedel, 1971Genus Crucella Pessagno, 1971aType species Crucella messinae Pessagno, 1971a

Crucella irwini Pessagno, 1971aPlate 5, Fig. 161971a. Crucella irwini n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 55, Pl. 9,

igs. 4–6.1994. Crucella irwini Pessagno – O’Dogherty, p. 369, Pl. 71,

igs. 7–14 (and entire synonymy).1994. Crucella irwini Pessagno – Urquhart, Text-Fig. 5.3.1998. Crucella irwini Pessagno – Vishnevskaya and De

ever, p. 250, Pl. 3, Figs. 11 and 12.
2004. Crucella irwini Pessagno – Bragina, p. S417, Pl. 23,
igs. 4, 5, 7; Pl. 39, Figs 3 and 8.2006. Crucella irwini Pessagno – Musavu-Moussavou and

anelian, p. 160, Pl. 4, Figs. 17 and 18?

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Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occurhroughout the Cenomanian to Lower Turonian (U.A. 16–21 of’Dogherty, 1994). During this study, C. irwini was found innly one Middle Cenomanian sample (BG 54). It is also knownrom the Turonian to Lower Coniacian of California (Pessagno,971a), from the Turonian to Lower Santonian of the Russianlatform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever, 1998), from the Middleo Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkey and from the Loweruronian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004) and finallyrom the Upper Cenomanian of the equatorial Atlantic (Musavu-

oussavou and Danelian, 2006).Material: One specimen.

Crucella messinae Pessagno, 1971aPlate 5, Fig. 171971a. Crucella messinae n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 56, Pl. 6,

igs. 1–3.1994. Crucella messinae Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 96, Pl. 2,

ig. 10; Pl. 12, Fig. 3; Pl. 10, Fig. 15; Pl. 16, Fig. 12.1994. Crucella messinae Pessagno – O’Dogherty, p. 368,

l. 70, Figs. 21–24; Pl. 71, Figs. 1–6 (and entire synonymy).1998. Crucella messinae Pessagno – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Fig. 7p.2003. Crucella messinae Pessagno – Yurtsever et al., Text-

ig. 6G.2004. Crucella messinae Pessagno – Bragina, p. S417, Pl. 23,

igs. 1 and 2; Pl. 38, Fig. 5.2004. Crucella messinae Pessagno – Gorican and Smuc, Pl. 1,

ig. 11.2006. Crucella messinae Pessagno – Musavu-Moussavou

nd Danelian, p. 160, Pl. 4, Figs. 20 and 21.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported through-

ut the Middle Albian to Lower Turonian (O’Dogherty, 1994;alvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998; this study). It is alsonown from the Lower Cenomanian of California (Pessagno,971a), from the Middle–Upper Cenomanian of northernurkey, from the Upper Cenomanian–Lower Turonian of therimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004) and from the Upper Ceno-anian of the equatorial Atlantic (Musavu-Moussavou andanelian, 2006).Material: 45 specimens.

Crucella cachensis Pessagno, 1971aPlate 5, Figs. 18 and 191971a. Crucella cachensis n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 53, Pl. 9,

igs. 1–3.1976. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Pessagno, p. 31, Pl. 3,

igs. 14 and 15.1991. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Marcucci Passerini et

l., Text-Figs. 4j–l.1994. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 95, Pl. 18,

ig. 4.
1994. Crucella cachensis tolfaensis Marcucci and Gardin –
arcucci Passerini et al., Pl. 1, Fig. 1.1994. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – O’Dogherty, p. 370,

l. 71, Figs. 15–22 (and entire synonymy).

oOsr


1994. Crucella cachensis cachensis Pessagno – Pignotti,l. 1, Fig. 4.

1994. Crucella cachensis tolfaensis Marcucci and Gardin –ignotti, Pl. 1, Fig. 5; Pl. 2, Fig. 1; Pl. 3, Figs. 6 and 7.

1994. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Urquhart Fig.-text. 5.1.1996. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Gallicchio et al., Pl. 1,

ig. 14.1998. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Text-Fig. 9k.2003. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Yurtsever et al., Text-

igs. 7D and 7E.2004. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Scopelliti et al.,

ig. 8(6).2004. Crucella cachensis Pessagno – Bragina, p. S445, Pl. 22,

ig. 11; Pl. 38, Figs. 8, 10, 11; Pl. 39, Figs. 5, 6, 9.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known from the

iddle part of the BL (Uppermost Cenomanian) and the over-ying Lower Turonian limestones (Marcucci Passerini et al.,991; Erbacher, 1994; O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucciasserini, 1998; this study). It is also known from the Turonianf California (Pessagno, 1971a), from the Upper Cenomaniano Lower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains and the Upperenomanian of northern Turkey (Bragina, 2004).


Family PARVIVACCIDAE Pessagno, Six and Yang, 1989mend. De Wever et al., 2001

Genus Acaeniotyle Foreman, 1973Type species: Xiphosphaera umbilicata Rust, 1898

Acaeniotyle rebellis O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 6, Figs. 1 and 21994. Acaeniotyle rebellis nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 287,

l. 51, Figs. 5–10.Occurrence: This species is known to occur throughout the

pper Albian to Lower Turonian of the UMB (O’Dogherty,994; this study).

Material: Eight specimens.

Acaeniotyle sp. cf. A. umbilicata (Rust, 1898)Plate 6, Fig. 3cf. 1898. Xiphospaera umbilicata n. sp. – Rust, p. 7, Pl. 1,

ig. 9.cf. 1981. Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) – Schaaf, p. 431, p. 6,

ig. 11; Pl. 15, Figs. 3a and 3b.cf. 1994. Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) – O’Dogherty, p. 289,

l. 51, Figs. 19 and 20.cf. 1994. Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) – Erbacher, p. 89,

l. 1, Fig. 2.cf. 2004. Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) – Bragina, p. S401,

l. 17, Figs. 3 and 7; Pl. 41, Fig. 8.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported through-

ut the Upper Barremian to Lower Albian (Erbacher, 1994;’Dogherty, 1994). The probable presence of A. umbilicata in a

ample coming from the base of the BL may extend its known ageange in the UMB to the uppermost Cenomanian. The species


Plate 6. Figs. 1 and 2. Acaeniotyle rebellis O’Dogherty; 1. Sample BTT 572; 2. Sample BTT BL 1/02. Fig. 3. Acaeniotyle sp. cf. A. umbilicata (Rust); sampleBTT BL 1/02. Fig. 4. Acaeniotyle vitalis O’Dogherty; sample BTT 572. Fig. 5. Halesium sexangulum Pessagno; sample BTT 564. Figs. 6 and 7. Pessagnobrachiafabianii (Squinabol); 6. Sample BTT 572; 7. Sample BG 48. Fig. 8. Pessagnobrachia irregularis (Squinabol); sample BG 48. Figs. 9 and 10. Alievium superbumPessagno; 9. Sample BTT 567B; 10. Sample BTT BL 31/02. Fig. 11. Becus regius; Sample BTT BL 6/02. Fig. 12. Dactyliodiscus longispinus (Squinabol); sampleBG 54. Fig. 13. Dactyliodiscus spinosus Bragina; sample BTT 564. Fig. 14. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis (Pessagno); sample BTT 564. Fig. 15. Patellula cognataO’Dogherty; sample BG 54. Figs. 16 and 17. Patellula ecliptica O’Dogherty; 16. Sample BTT 566B; 17. Sample BTT 572. Fig. 18. Patellula helios (Squinabol);sample BG 54. Fig. 19. Staurosphaeretta longispina (Squinabol); sample BG 54. Figs. 20 and 21. Triactoma hexeris O’Dogherty; 20. Sample BTT BL 38/02; 21.Sample BTT 572.

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s also known from the Middle to Upper Aptian of the northerntlantic (Erbacher, 1994), from the Middle–Upper Cenomanianf northern Turkey and from the Lower Turonian of the Crimeanountains (Bragina, 2004).Material: Four specimens.

Acaeniotyle vitalis O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 6, Fig. 41994. Acaeniotyle vitalis nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 287,

l. 51, Figs. 1–4.Occurrence: Middle Albian to Lower Turonian of the UMB

O’Dogherty, 1994 and this study).Material: Five specimens.

Family PATULIBRACCHIIDAE Pessagno, 1971a emend.e Wever et al., 2001Genus Halesium Pessagno, 1971a emend. Baumgartner,

980Halesium sexangulum Pessagno, 1971aType species: Halesium sexangulum Pessagno, 1971a

Halesium sexangulum Plate 6, Fig. 51971a. Halesium sexangulum n. sp. – Pessagno, p. 25, Pl. 1,

igs. 5 and 6; Pl. 2, Figs. 1–6.1994. Halesium amissum (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 351,

l. 65, Figs. 15–23 (and entire synonymy).1998. Halesium sexangulum Pessagno – Salvini and Mar-

ucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 7s.2004. Halesium sexangulum Pessagno – Bragina, p. S412,

l. 39, Figs. 7 and 10.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to

ccur throughout the Middle Cenomanian to Lower TuronianO’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). Inhis study, the species H. sexangulum was found in only oneample (BTT 572) coming from limestones overlying the BL. Its also known from the Lower Cenomanian to Middle Turonianf California (Pessagno, 1971a), from the Upper Cenomaniano Lower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains and from the

iddle–Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkey (Bragina, 2004).Material: 15 specimens.

Genus Pessagnobrachia Kozur and Mostler, 1978Type species: Patulibracchium testlaensis Pessagno, 1971a

Pessagnobrachia fabianii (Squinabol, 1914)Plate 6, Figs. 6 and 71914. Rhopalastrum Fabianii n. f. – Squinabol, p. 274,

l. 21[2], Fig. 4.1994. Pessagnobrachia fabianii (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 359, Pl. 67, Figs. 17–25 (and entire synonymy).2004. Pessagnobrachia fabianii (Squinabol) – Bragina,

. S419, Pl. 21, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 7.Occurrence: Middle Albian to Lower Turonian of the UMB

O’Dogherty, 1994; this study); Middle–Upper Cenomanian oforthern Turkey (Bragina, 2004).


Material: Five specimens.Pessagnobrachia irregularis (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 6, Fig. 81903b. Rhopalastrum irregulare n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 122,

l. 9, Fig. 10.1994. Pessagnobrachia irregularis (Squinabol) –

’Dogherty, p. 360, Pl. 68, Figs. 1–8 (and entire synonymy).1994. Patulibracchium davisi Pessagno – Erbacher, p. 107,

l. 11, Fig. 1; Pl. 12, Fig. 10; Pl. 16, Fig. 10.Occurrence: Middle Albian to Middle Cenomanian of the

MB (O’Dogherty, 1994; Erbacher, 1994). During this study, itas found at the base of the BL (samples BL 01/02 and 02/02).

t is also reported from the lowermost Turonian limestones over-ying the BL equivalent in Northern Italy (Erbacher, 1994).

Material: Six specimens.

Family PSEUDOAULOPHACIDAE Riedel, 1967 emend.umitrica, 1997Subfamily PSEUDOAULOPHACINAE Riedel, 1967

mend. De Wever et al., 2001Genus Alievium Pessagno, 1972Type species: Theodiscus superbus Squinabol, 1914

Alievium superbum (Squinabol, 1914)Plate 6, Figs. 9 and 101914. Theodiscus superbus n. f. – Squinabol, p. 271, Pl. 20(1),

ig. 4.1976. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – Pessagno, p. 27,

l. 3, Fig. 12.1991. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – Marcucci Passerini

t al., Text-Figs. 4g and 4h.1994. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 322,

l. 59, Figs. 14–18 (and entire synonymy).1996. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – Gallicchio et al.,

l. 1, Fig. 12.1998. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Text-Fig. 8s.2003. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – Yurtsever et al., Text-

igs. 7A and B.2004. Alievium superbum (Squinabol) – Bragina, p. S427,

l. 36, Fig. 1.Occurrence: In the UMB, A. superbum is reported from

he middle part of the BL and the overlying Lower Turonianimestones (Marcucci Passerini et al., 1991; O’Dogherty, 1994;alvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998). The species is also knownrom the Lower Turonian to Lower Coniacian of CaliforniaPessagno, 1976), from the Lower Turonian of Turkey (Yurtsevert al., 2003) and from the Lower Turonian of the Crimean Moun-ains (Bragina, 2004).


Genus Becus Wu, 1986
Type species: Becus gemmatus Wu, 1986
Becus regius O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 6, Fig. 11

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1994. Becus regius nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 318, Pl. 58,igs. 18–26.

2004. Becus regius O’Dogherty – Bragina, p. S439, Pl. 24,igs. 1 and 10.

Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur fromiddle Albian to Upper Cenomanian strata underlying the BL

U.A. 12–19 of O’Dogherty, 1994). During this study B. regiusas found to occur in the lower part of the BL. This species is alsonown to occur in the Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkeynd the Lower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina,004).


Genus Dactyliodiscus Squinabol, 1903bType species: Dactyliodiscus cayeuxi Squinabol, 1903b

Dactyliodiscus longispinus (Squinabol, 1904)Plate 6, Fig. 121904. Spongolonche diversispina n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 206,

l. 6, Fig. 6.1904. Stylotrochus euganeus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 207, Pl. 6,

ig. 8.1904. Stylotrochus euganeus n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 207, Pl. 6,

ig. 9.1994. Dactyliodiscus longispinus (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty,

. 333, Pl. 62, Figs. 6–11.Occurrence: Upper Albian to Middle Cenomanian of the

MB (O’Dogherty, 1994). The presence of D. longispinus inimestones underlying the BL extends its known age range tohe Uppermost Cenomanian.


Dactilyodiscus spinosus Bragina, 2004Plate 6, Fig. 132004. Dactilyodiscus spinosus n. sp. – Bragina, p. S431,

l. 25, Fig. 9.Occurrence: During this study, D. spinosus was found

n only one sample (BTT 564) coming from limestonesverlying the BL. To our knowledge, this is the first thathis species is reported from the UMB. It is also knownrom Upper Cenomanian strata of northern Turkey (Bragina,004).


Genus Pseudoaulophacus Pessagno, 1963Type species: Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Pessagno, 1963

Pseudoaulophacus putahensis Pessagno, 1972Plate 6, Fig. 141972. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis n. sp. – Pessagno,

. 310, Pl. 27, Fig. 1.
1994. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis Pessagno – Erbacher,
. 108, Pl. 18, Fig. 7.1994. Pseudoaulophacus sp. cf. putahensis Pessagno – Mar-

ucci et al., Pl. 2, Fig. 12.


1994. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis Pessagno –’Dogherty, p. 320, Pl. 59, Figs. 5–13 (and entire synonymy).1998. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis Pessagno – Salvini and

arcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 8e.2003. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis Pessagno – Yurtsever et

l., Text-Fig. 7.G.2004. Pseudoaulophacus putahensis Pessagno – Bragina,

. S425, Pl. 36, Fig. 3.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from

iddle Albian to Lower Turonian levels (Erbacher, 1994;’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998; this

tudy). P. putahensis is also reported from the Cenomanian touronian of Turkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003) and from Loweruronian strata of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004).


Family SPONGURIDAE Haeckel, 1862Genus Patellula Petrushevskaya and Kozlova, 1972Type species: Stylospongia planoconvexa Pessagno, 1963

Patellula cognata O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 6, Fig. 151994. Patellula cognata n. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 326, Pl. 60,

igs. 6–12.Occurrence: Lower to Middle Cenomanian of the UMB

O’Dogherty, 1994; this study).Material: One specimen.

Patellula ecliptica O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 6, Figs. 16 and 171994. Patellula ecliptica nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 329, Pl. 61,

igs. 1–5.Occurrence: Lower Turonian of the UMB (O’Dogherty,

994). The presence of this species within the lower partf the BL (Uppermost Cenomanian) extends its knownge.


Patellula helios (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 6, Fig. 181903b. Stylotrochus helios n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 124, Pl. 10,

igs. 23 and 23a.1982. Pseudoaulophacus lenticulatus (White) – Taketani,

. 51, Pl. 10, Fig. 11.1991. Pseudoaulophacus lenticulatus (White) – Marcucci

asserini et al., Text-Figs. 4a, b, d.1994. Patellula helios (Squinabol) – O’Dogherty, p. 327,

l. 60, Figs. 19–24 (and entire synonymy).Occurrence: Lower Cenomanian to Lower Turonian of the

MB (O’Dogherty, 1994; this study).Material: Two specimens.

Family XIPHOSTYLIDAE Haeckel, 1881Genus Cenosphaera Ehrenberg, 1875Type species: Cenosphaera plutonis Eherenberg

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“Cenosphaera” boria Pessagno, 1977bPlate 5, Figs. 20 and 211977b. “Cenosphaera” boria n sp. – Pessagno, p. 36, Pl. 3,

igs. 13 and 19.1998. Archaeocenosphaera euganea (Squinabol) – Salvini

nd Marcucci Passerini, Text-Fig. 7-n.2004. “Cenosphaera” boria Pessagno – Bragina, p. S391,

l. 14, Fig. 4; Pl. 36, Fig. 37.Occurrence: During this study, “C.” boria was found only

ithin the lower part of the BL. “C.” boria is also reported fromerriasian to Valanginian strata of California (Pessagno, 1977b),

rom the Upper Cenomanian of northern Turkey and from theower Turonian of the Crimean Mountains (Bragina, 2004).

Material: Seven specimens.

Genus Staurosphaeretta Squinabol, 1904Type species: Staurosphaera hindei Squinabol, 1904

Staurosphaeretta longispina (Squinabol, 1903b)Plate 6, Fig. 191903b. Staurosphaera longispina n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 112,

l. 9, Fig. 1.1904. Staurosphaera hindei n. sp. – Squinabol, p. 191, Pl. 3,

ig. 3.1994. Staurosphaeretta longispina (Squinabol) –

’Dogherty, p. 292, Pl. 52, Figs. 6–10.2004. Staurosphaeretta longispina (Squinabol) – Bragina,

. S396, Pl. 16, Figs. 2, 4, 5; Pl. 37, Fig. 14; Pl. 38, Fig. 2.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is reported from Upper

ptian to Upper Cenomanian strata underlying the BL (U.A.–18 of O’Dogherty, 1994). During this study the species wasound in only one sample (BG 54, Middle Cenomanian). S.ongispina is also reported from the Middle to Upper Cenoma-ian of northern Turkey and the Lower Turonian of the Crimeanountains (Bragina, 2004).Material: Five specimens.

Genus Triactoma Rust, 1885 emend. Pessagno and Yang inessagno et al., 1989

Type species: Triactoma tithonianum Rust, 1885

Triactoma hexeris O’Dogherty, 1994Plate 6, Figs. 20 and 211994. Triactoma cf. aff. T. echioides Foreman – Marcucci

asserini et al. Pl. 1, Fig. 12.1994. Triactoma hexeris nov. sp. – O’Dogherty, p. 303, Pl. 55,

igs. 24–27.1998. Triactoma hexeris O’Dogherty – Salvini and Marcucci

asserini, Text-Fig. 10q.2003. Triactoma hexeris O’Dogherty – Yurtsever et al., Text-

ig. 6B.Occurrence: In the UMB, this species is known to occur

hroughout the Lower Cenomanian to Lower Turonian interval
O’Dogherty, 1994; Salvini and Marcucci Passerini, 1998; thistudy). It is also known from Cenomanian to Turonian strata ofurkey (Yurtsever et al., 2003).

C


cknowledgements

Constructive remarks by P. Dumitrica and L. O’Doghertymproved the initial version of the manuscript. C. Abrial and. Lethiers helped with drawing and plate preparation. This isublication no. 18 of the Centro di Geobiologia of the Universityf Urbino.

eferences

liev, K.S., 1965. Radiolarians of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of northeast-ern Azerbaidzhan and their stratigraphic significance. Izdatel’stvo akademiiNauk, Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Baku, p. 124.

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