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KINGDOM FUNGI
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20. 4 a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
b) State the classification of Fungi into the three major phyla
c) Describe the structure of the three phyla
d) Discuss the importance of Fungi
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CHAPTER: BIODIVERSITY
Lesson Objective:
a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
Characteristics of fungi
Generally multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophic:
i. Some are saprophytic ( saprobes )
~ Cells release digestive enzymes & absorb nutrientmolecules from dead organic substances
ii. Some are parasitic
~ Absorb nutrients from living hosts
iii. Several have mutualistic relationships
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Mutualistic relationships:
*Lichens
~ Association between fungi andgreen algae or cyanobacteria
~ Fungi absorbs nutrients from thealgae / cyanobacteria
~ Fungi also provides suitableenvironment for growth of thealgae / cyanobacteria
~ Both can live in areas of extremeconditions & contribute to soilformation
CHAPTER:BIODIVERSITY
Lesson Objective:
a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
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CHAPTER : BIODIVERSITY
Fungi are different from plants:
~ Lack chloroplasts
~ Cell wall contains chitin
~ Energy reserve is glycogen
Vegetative structure: hyphae
Reproduction: produce spores ( asexually or sexually )
Classification based on type of sexual reproductive structure
Lesson Objective:
a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
Characteristics of fungi
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CHAPTER : BIODIVERSITY
Vegetative structure
- Filamentous body plan
- The filaments called hyphae
- Hyphae: - long, branched & threadlike, may absorb nutrients
- form a mass called mycelium
Lesson Objective:
a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
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- Types of hyphae:
1. Coenocytic ( nonseptate )
hyphae not divided into cells, multinucleated
2. Septate
hyphae are divided, by cross walls called septa, into individual cellscontaining one or more nuclei
Lesson Objective:
a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
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Reproduction of fungi
Most reproduce by forming spores
Spores are produced on specialized aerial hyphae or in specializedspore-forming structures ( eg: sporangium )
Spores will germinate, forming new hyphae
Spores produced sexually or asexually
Lesson Objective:
a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi
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Lesson Objective:
b) State the classification of Fungi into thethree major phyla
Classification of Fungi based on types of spore-bearing structure:
PhylumZygomycotaEg: Rhizopus
PhylumAscomycota
Eg:Penicillium
PhylumBasidiomycotaEg:Agaricus
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Lesson Objective:
c) Describe the structure of the three phyla
Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota
Sexual spores Zygospores Ascospores Basidiospores
Sexual reproductivestructure
Zygosporangium Asci ( ascus ~singular ),found within ascocarps
Basidia ( basidium ~sing. ),found in basidiocarps
Hyphae Coenocytic Septate Septate
Type of reproduction Asexual and sexual Asexual and sexual Sexual (asexualreproduction:uncommon )
Asexual reproduction Nonmotile spores formedin sporangium
Conidia ( spores ) dispersedoff from end of conidiophores
Conidia ( uncommon )
Common types Black bread molds Penicillium, Saccharomyces,Molds, leaf-spot fungi, yeasts
Mushrooms, bracket fungi
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Fungi: Difference in sexual reproductive structure
Lesson Objective:
c) Describe the structure of the three phyla
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Lesson Objective:
d) Discuss the importance of Fungi
Importance of Fungi:
i. Decomposers recycling materials
ii. Symbionts ( eg: lichens contribute to soil formation )
iii. Disease-causing pathogens( eg: causing ringworm, athletes foot )
iv. Commercial importance in food production ( fermented food )( eg: yeasts, mushrooms)
v. Formedical purpose / pharmaceutical ( eg: production of penicillin fromPenicillium)
vi. Forbiotechnology( eg: Neurospora) &biological control of pests
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. A fermentation startercontaining the
spores offungusRhizopus oligosporusismixed in. Thebeans are spread into a thin
layer and are allowed to ferment for 24 to
36 hours at a temperature around 30 C
(86 F). In good tempe, the beans are
knitted together by a mat of white mycelia.
Tempe is produced through fermentation
with the aid of the micro fungus Rhizopus
oligosporus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizopus_oligosporushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myceliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myceliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizopus_oligosporushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starter7/30/2019 11.4 Kingdom Fungi
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