AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION OF ICE AGE: CONTINENTAL DRIFT MOVIE SUBTITLE
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By Theodorus Adhicahya
Student Number: 111214039
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
2015
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION OF ICE AGE: CONTINENTAL DRIFT MOVIE SUBTITLE
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By Theodorus Adhicahya
Student Number: 111214039
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
2015
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A Sarjana Pendidikan Thesis on
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION OF ICE AGE: CONTINENTAL DRIFT MOVIE SUBTITLE
By Theodorus Adhicahya
Student Number: 111214039
Approved by
Advisor
Fidelis Chosa Kastuhandani, S.Pd., M.Hum. 20 November 2015
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A Sarjana Pendidikan Thesis on
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION OF ICE AGE: CONTINENTAL DRIFT MOVIE SUBTITLE
By THEODORUS ADHICAHYA Student Number: 111214039
Defended before the Board of Examiners on 11 December 2015
and Declared Acceptable
Board of Examiners
Chairperson : Paulus Kuswandono, Ph.D. ________________
Secretary : Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed., Ph.D. ________________
Member : Fidelis Chosa Kastuhandani, S.Pd., M.Hum. _____________
Member : Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed., Ph.D. _____________
Member : Dr. E. Sunarto, M.Hum _____________
Yogyakarta, 11 December 2015
Faculty of Teachers Training and Education Sanata Dharma University Dean
Rohandi, Ph.D.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved parents,
All my family and friends
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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, 11 December 2015
The Writer
Theodorus Adhicahya
111214039
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama : Theodorus Adhicahya
Nomor Mahasiswa : 111214039
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION OF ICE AGE: CONTINENTAL DRIFT MOVIE SUBTITLE
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk meyimpan,
mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk perangkat
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau
media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian Pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 11 December 2015
Yang menyatakan
(Theodorus Adhicahya)
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ABSTRACT
Adhicahya, Theodorus. 2015. An analysis of idiom translation of Ice Age: Continental Drift movie subtitle. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University
Translating a literary work is a challenging job. There may be several problems that occur during the translation. One of them is cultural differences between the source language (SL) and target language (TL), especially the idiomatic meaning which is brought by the SL idiom. This problem might be encountered by the translators in translating the literary work such as subtitle. In this case, the subtitle is subtitle in Ice Age: Continental Drift movie. Because the focus of the study is about idioms translation, the researcher used this movie as the subject. This research was conducted to find out the categories of the idioms in the subtitle and how the translator translated the idioms without reducing the idiomatic meaning from source language. The problem formulations for this research were formulated as: 1) Which categories of idiom are used in Ice Age Continental Drift? and 2) How does the translator translate the idioms in Ice Age Continental Drift? To answer the research problems, the researcher conducted a qualitative research by using document analysis. The data for this research were taken from the Indonesian and English subtitle script of Ice Age: Continental Drift movie. In answering the first question, the researcher categorized the idioms into pure idiom, semi idiom and literal idiom. Meanwhile, in answering the second question, the researcher identified the translation strategy of the idioms.
The researcher found 140 idioms in the subtitle. There were 81 categorized in pure idiom, 15 idioms categorized in semi idiom, and 44 categorized in literal idiom. However, there were only 137 idiom translated by means of Baker’s (1992) theory, 11 idioms used ‘similar meaning and form’, one idiom used ‘similar meaning, but dissimilar form’, three idioms used ‘omission’, and 121 idioms used ‘paraphrase’. The other three idioms were translated using literal translation, which includes other finding of the research.
Keywords: Idiom, translation, subtitle, Ice Age: Continental Drift
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ABSTRAK
Adhicahya, Theodorus. 2015. An analysis of idiom translation of Ice Age: Continental Drift movie subtitle. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University
Menerjemahkan sebuah karya sastra merupakan pekerjaan yang
menantang. Terdapat berbagai masalah yang mungkin dihadapi saat menerjemahakan. Salah satunya adalah perbedaan budaya antara bahasa sumber dan bahasa target, terutama makna idiomatik yang dibawa oleh sebuah idiom bahasa sumber. Masalah ini mungkin akan dihadapi oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan sebuah karya sastra seperti subtitle. Subtitle yang dimaksud dalam hal ini adalah subtitle dalam film Ice Age: Continental Drift. Karena penerjemahan idiom menjadi fokus utama dalam penelitian ini, maka dari itu peneliti menggunakan film ini sebagai subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kategori-kategori dari idiom dalam subtitle dan bagaimana penerjemah menerjemahkan idiom tanpa mengurangi makna idiomatik dari bahasa sumber. Rumusan-rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini diformulasikan sebagai berikut: 1) Apa saja kategori idiom yang digunakan dalam Ice Age Continental Drift? dan 2) Bagaimana penerjemah menerjemahkan idiom-idiom dalam Ice Age Continental Drift? Untuk menjawab rumusan-rumusan masalah tersebut, peneliti melakukan sebuah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan dokumen analisis. Data untuk penelitian ini didapatkan dari naskah subtitle Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris dari film Ice Age: Continental Drift. Untuk menjawab rumusan pertama, peneliti mengategorikan idiom kedalam pure idiom, semi idiom dan literal idiom. Sementara itu, untuk menjawab rumusan yang kedua, peneliti mengidentifikasi strategi-strategi penerjemahan idiom. Peneliti menemukan 140 idiom dalam subtitle. Terdapat 81 idiom dikategorikan dalam ‘pure idiom’, 15 idiom dalam ‘semi idiom’, dan 44 idiom dalam ‘literal idiom’. Namun, dari keseluruhan hanya terdapat 137 idiom yang diterjemahkan menggunakan teori dari Baker (1992). Diketahui, terdapat 11 idiom menggunakan ‘similar meaning and form’, satu idiom menggunakan ‘similar meaning, but dissimilar form’, tiga idiom menggunakan ‘omission’, dan 121 idiom menggunakan ‘paraphrase’. Sementara, ketiga sisanya diterjemahkan menggunakan ‘literal translation’, yang termasuk kedalam penemuan lain dalam penelitian.
Kata kunci: Idiom, translation, subtitle, Ice Age: Continental Drift
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My gratitude goes to those who have given their time, advice, support, and
prayer to help me accomplishing this thesis. First of all, I would like to express
my deepest and greatest gratitude to The Almighty God and Lord Jesus Crist,
who always give me strength and blessing during my study.
I would express my other gratitude to my thesis advisor, Fidelis Chosa
Kastuhandani, S.Pd, M.Hum, for his time, patience, support, guidance, and
feedback during the process of finishing the thesis. I also would like to thank him
for not giving up on me so that I am able to finish this thesis.
My special thanks go to my academic advisor, Ch. Lhaksmita Anandari,
S.Pd., Ed.M., for guiding me since my first year in ELESP and also for being a
very great mother for us. My gratitude also goes to all of the staffs and lecturers of
the ELESP for their guidance and the knowledge that they have shared during my
study in ELESP Sanata Dharma University.
I would like to give my other special gratitude and thanks to my parents,
Agus Aris Munandar and Veronica Tuwanti, for their love, patience, supports,
and prayer. I would like to thank my sister, Rosalia Retno Widayati, my brother,
Agustinus Cahyo Ristiawan, for their support and prayer. I also thank my
relatives, and all of KETIB members for their support and prayer.
I express my thanks to all of my friends who have given their support and
prayer, especially, Ginong, Yanu, Albert, Agung, Dony, Malik, Gerrard,
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Surya, Hanung, Indri, Raras, Fanny, Tata, Ovi, Ervin, Tutik, Erlin, Yulius
Dony, Fian, Heni, Selma, Nini, Icho, Adi, Devina, and Puput. I would like to
thank them for reminding me to do my thesis and also their support and prayer.
Last but not least, my gratitude goes for those whose name I cannot mention one
by one. I am really grateful to have all those people in my life. There is no words
can describe my gratitude and thanks.
Sincerely,
Theodorus Adhicahya
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL PAGES .............................................................................................. ii
DEDICATION PAGE ........................................................................................... iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ....................................................... v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ....................................................... vi
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. xv
LIST OF DATA ................................................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1
A. Research Background .......................................................................... 1
B. Research Problems .............................................................................. 4
C. Problem Limitation .............................................................................. 4
D. Research Objectives ............................................................................ 4
E. Research Benefits ................................................................................ 5
F. Definition of Terms ............................................................................. 5
1. Idiom ......................................................................................... 5
2. Subtitling ................................................................................... 6
3. Ice Age: Continental Drift......................................................... 6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...................................... 7
A. Review on Related Study .................................................................... 7
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B. Theoretical Description ....................................................................... 9
1. Definition and Process of Translation ....................................... 9
2. Type of Translation ................................................................. 11
3. Good Translation .................................................................... 14
4. Idiom ....................................................................................... 15
C. Theoretical Framework ..................................................................... 26
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................ 29
A. Research Method ............................................................................... 29
B. Research Setting ................................................................................ 30
C. Data Sources ...................................................................................... 30
D. Instruments and Data Gathering ........................................................ 30
E. Data Analysis Technique ................................................................... 31
F. Research Procedure ........................................................................... 33
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................ 35
A. Categories of Idioms.......................................................................... 35
1. Pure Idiom ............................................................................... 36
2. Semi Idiom .............................................................................. 37
3. Literal Idiom ........................................................................... 39
B. Translation Strategies of Idioms ........................................................ 40
1. Similar Meaning and Form ..................................................... 42
2. Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form .................................... 43
3. Paraphrase ............................................................................... 44
4. Omission ................................................................................. 46
C. Other Findings ................................................................................... 48
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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................... 51
A. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 51
B. Recommendations ............................................................................. 52
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 54
APPENDIX ........................................................................................................... 57
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Example of Word-for-word, Literal and Free Translation.................... 13
Table 2.2 Structures of Phrasal Verb .................................................................... 19
Table 3.1 The Applied Categories and Strategies for Idioms in the Subtitle of Ice
Age: Continental Drift .......................................................................... 32
Table 4.1 Frequencies of idioms Categorization .................................................. 35
Table 4.2 Frequencies of Translation Strategies ................................................... 41
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Larson’s Translation Process ............................................................... 10
Figure 2.2 Baker’s Idiom Translation Strategies .................................................. 25
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LIST OF DATA
Data 1. Pure Idiom Excerpt 1 ................................................................................ 36
Data 2. Pure Idiom Excerpt 2 ................................................................................ 37
Data 3. Literal Idiom Excerpt 1 ............................................................................ 39
Data 4. Paraphrase Strategy Excerpt 1 .................................................................. 41
Data 5. Paraphrase Strategy Excerpt 2 .................................................................. 46
Data 6. Omission Strategy Excerpt 1 .................................................................... 46
Data 7. Omission Strategy Excerpt 1 .................................................................... 47
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the introduction of the study. It consists of six parts.
They are research background, research problems, problem limitation, research
objectives, research benefits, and definition of terms.
A. Research Background
Language is a means of communication. It has both, literal and figurative
meanings. Literal meaning is the direct reference of words or sentences.
Meanwhile, the figurative meaning creates an image of the words or sentences
which cannot be easily understood. Besides, figurative meanings are often
culturally determined (Lazar, 2006). It makes figurative languages from one
culture cannot be understood by people from other cultures. Figurative languages
also take many forms, such as metaphors, similes, personifications, hyperboles,
alliterations, cliché, and idioms. For example, the word “buaya” in Bahasa
Indonesia has both literal and figurative meaning. Its literal meaning is a crocodile
as an animal, while its figurative meaning is playboy or womanizer.
Those figurative languages, especially idioms are usually taught to the
English learners. By using those figurative languages, they are not only learning
the language but also the culture of the language itself since it stems from the
underlying values and assumptions of culture or society (Lazar, 2006). Hence,
1
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2 learning idiom or figurative language for English learners is important. Thus,
teachers use many methods in teaching the idiom to the students, starting from the
traditional one to the modern one. Besides, they are also able to use media such as
magazines, newspapers, movies, or songs to teach the idioms.
Nowadays, movie has become something that cannot be separated from
human life. Many movies with various genres have been released each year,
starting from drama, comedy, action or animation. People are interested in it,
because it is entertaining. It can be put into consideration for the teacher to use
movie in teaching the students. It is because by watching movie, they are able to
see the context where the idiom is used. According to Bello (1999), movie is a
form of communication, which enables the students to see body and speech
rhythm in second language discourses through observing the use of authentic
language and intonation in various situations. In addition, a translated subtitle is
also provided in the movie which helps the students to understand the meaning of
the idioms.
In translating subtitle, translators need to understand the source language
of the movie, especially when it is about figurative language such idiom. Lazar
(2006) points out that figurative language may have the literal and metaphorical
meaning. Thus, it can have different meaning from its basic meaning. Duff (1981)
also adds that an idiom expression involves the figurative word of language and it
has a meaning that cannot be directly translated. For example is Dia dibawa ke
meja hijau, karena kejahatannya. The meaning of the phrase meja hijau is not a
table with green color but it means the court. Hence, the translators should always
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3 consider the language before translating the subtitle, since the language is seen as
a medium for expressing universals and personally as well (Newmark, 1988).
Nida as quoted by Hatim and Mason (1990) also states four basic requirements of
translation, they are (1) making sense, (2) convey spirit manner of the original, (3)
having natural and easy form of expression, and (4) reproducing a similar
response.
Translating English idioms become the researcher’s interest. It is because
translating idiom is not only transferring the meaning but also understanding the
source language culture. It also related to the researcher’s experienced when the
researcher took translation classes. The researcher found that translating idiom is
an interesting subject to be analized. The researcher uses Ice Age: Continental
Drift movie as the subject of the research. This movie is the fourth movie in Ice
Age saga. It is an animation comedy movie which was released in 2012. It tells
about the journey of Manny the mammoth, Sid the sloth and his grandma, and
Diego the saber tooth. In this movie, they are trying to get back to the herd and
have to fight with the pirates in their way back. This movie also has many idioms
in its conversations. Therefore, the researcher chooses this movie as the subject of
the research. This research aims to analyze the category of the idiom used in this
movie and also find out the strategies to translate those idioms.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
4 B. Research Problems
In order to achieve the objectives, there are two questions which are
formulated in this study related to the topic, which is an analysis of idioms
translation in the subtitle of Ice Age: Continental Drift.
1. Which categories of the idiom are used in Ice Age Continental Drift?
2. How does the translator translate the idioms in Ice Age Continental Drift?
C. Problem Limitation
This research is limited to the idioms of the movie. The limitation is
conducted since the concern of the study is to analyze its idioms, especially the
categories of idioms and the idioms translation strategies which are used in the
movie. The categories of idioms used in this research are pure idiom, semi idiom,
and literal idiom. Those categories were proposed by Fernando (1996). The
idioms translation strategies are using four strategies proposed by Baker (1992)
which are: (1) using idiom of similar meaning and form, (2) using idiom with
similar meaning but dissimilar form, (3) translation by paraphrase, (4) translation
by omission. The researcher decides to limit into those strategies since those are
mostly used in translating idiom.
D. Research Objectives
There are two objectives that are going to be achieved in this study. First,
it aims to find out the categories of the idioms in the movie. Second, it aims to
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5 find out and describe the idiom translation strategies which were applied by the
translator.
E. Research Benefits
The result of this research will give the benefits for the following group of
language users. They are English learner and future researcher. For English
learner, the research findings would give more knowledge to the English learners
about the categories of idiom. In addition, it also gives them knowledge about the
idiomatic translation strategy. Thus, it enables them to make a better translation of
idiom.
For future researcher, the research findings can be used as the reference
for other researchers in the future who are going to conduct the same research or
study about the translation and idiom.
F. Definition of Terms
In this section, definition for some terms is given in order to give the
similar understanding between the researcher and the reader of this study.
1. Idiom
Idioms are type of informal English that have different meaning from the
original meaning. Chaer (1986) also adds it is an expression which carries a
metaphorical sense and its meaning is difficult be predicted either lexically or
grammatically. Idiom in this research also includes figure of speech, and slang
(Hockett, 1958).
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6 2. Subtitling
Subtitling is one of types in screen translation. It is a text which is usually
found in the bottom of the movie, television or DVD. According to Gottlieb
(2004), it is a diasemiotic translation in polysemiotic media, including films, TV
and DVD in a form of one or more lines of written text presented on the screen in
sync with the original dialogue. Similar to Gottlieb, O’Connell (2007) also defines
subtitling as supplementing the original voice soundtrack by adding written text
on screen.
3. Ice Age: Continental Drift
Ice Age: Continental Drift is a 2012 animation movie directed by Steve
Martino and Mike Thurmeire and written by Michael Berg, Jason Fuchs, and Lori
Forte. It was produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by Twentieth Century
Fox Animaton. This movie is the fourth sequel of Ice Age movie. Ice Age (2002),
Ice Age: Meltdown (2006), Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009) were the other
three movies before it was released.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents some theories which are going to be used to achieve
the objectives. It consists of three parts. They are review on related study,
theoretical description, and theoretical framework.
A. Review on Related Study
In this part, the researcher discusses the related study to the research which
was conducted by the researcher. It is done in order to show the position of the
researcher’s research. The researcher includes the related study so that the readers
are able to know the focus of this study compared to other studies which used Ice
Age movies series. There are two related studies which used the serial of Ice Age
movie as the subject of the research.
The first is an undergraduate thesis which was written by Kurniadi (2012)
entitled The Equivalence and the Acceptability of irritation expression translation
in the subtitle of the film Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur. In her thesis, Kurniadi
focused on the equivalence and acceptability of Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur,
especially the irritation expressions in the movie. In her research, she had three
objectives. First objective was to examine the equivalence of TL subtitle to the SL
text. Second, she analyzed the acceptability of the translation of the irritation
expression in the subtitle. Third, she analyzed the relation between equivalence
and the acceptability of the translation. This study used empirical research7
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8 method. This method is done by collecting the data and giving some
questionnaires to some respondents.
Compared to the study conducted by Kurniadi (2012), this research has
some similarities related to Kurniadi’s research. Both researches are dealing with
the translation and its equivalence between the SL text and the TL text. However,
the focus of this research is from Kurniadi’s. In Kurniadi’s (2012), the focus of
the study is one the translation of irritation expressions. Meanwhile, this research
is more focus on the idioms translation in the movie. Furthermore, the researcher
used the fourth sequel of Ice Age series, which is Ice Age: Continental Drift.
The second related study is an undergraduate thesis which was written by
Baskara (2013) entitled An Analysis on the Verbal Humor and the Consistency of
the Indonesian Subtitle in Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaurs. In his thesis,
Baskara analyzed the translation of the verbal humor and the consistency of the
TL subtitle. He had two objectives in his research. The first one was to find out
the types of verbal humor the subtitle of Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur and
second was to determine whether the verbal humor is consistently translated into
Bahasa Indonesia. Baskara used qualitative research method in a form of content
analysis to do his research.
The difference between those researches and this research is that in
Baskara’s research, he analyzed the type and the translation consistency of verbal
humor in the third sequel of Ice Age series, which is Ice Age: Dawn of the
Dinosaur. However in this research, the researcher has different concern. The
researcher’s concern is the idioms in the fourth sequel of the Ice Age series.
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9 Finally, in this part, the researcher showed that there is no other studies which
conduct the research on idiom translation in the subtitle of Ice Age: Continental
Drift.
B. Theoretical Description
In this part, the researcher discusses the theories which are going to be
used in the research. Generally, there are two theories that would be discussed in
this chapter. Those theories are theory of translation and theory of idiom. Theory
of translation consists of the definition of translation and type of translation.
Meanwhile the theory of idiom consists of the definitions, types and categories,
and the translation strategies of idioms.
1. Definition and Process of Translation
According to Catford (1974), translation is the replacement of textual
material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language
(TL). Larson (1984) also states that translation consists transferring the meaning
of the source language into the target language. However, translation has gone
beyond the text itself, culture also plays a role in it. Accordingly, translators
should be aware during the translation process. Larson (1984), states that the goal
of a translator is to communicate the meaning of idiomatic translation from source
language into the natural form of the receptor language. Thus, understanding the
meaning of the source language text becomes the priority for a translator in
idiomatic translation. The process of translation from Larson is represented in
Figure 2.1. From the Figure 2.1, it shows that the goal of the translation is the
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10 meaning. It shows the stages which have to be done. Thus, it is necessary to
maintain the meaning from the source language in the target language.
Duff (1981) proposes the principles of translation. Those principles are the basic
principles which are relevant to the translation. They are meaning, form, register,
source language influence, style and clarity, and idioms. First, the translation
should reflect on the meaning of the original text accurately. Nothing should be
arbitrarily added or removed, though some part of the meaning can be ‘transpose’.
Second, the ordering of words and ideas in the translation should match to the
original as closely as possible. However, the difference in language structure often
requires changes in the form and the order of words. Third, languages often differ
greatly in their levels of formality in a given context. Translator should
distinguish between formal or fixed expression and personal expression, in which
the writer or speaker sets the tone. In this case translator might consider the
SOURCE
RECEPTOR
Discover the meaning
Text to be translated
Meaning
Re-express the meaning
Translation
Figure 2.1 Larson’s Translation Process (1984, p. 4)
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11 intension of the writer or speaker and whether the expressions are
formal/informal, cold/warm, or personal/impersonal.
Fourth, many translations do not sound natural in the target language. It is
because the translator’s thought and choice of words are influenced by the source
language. A good way to overcome this problem is to set the text aside and
translate a few sentences from memory to get the natural pattern of thought in the
first language. Fifth, the translator should not change the style of original text,
except the text is sloppy written or full of tedious repetitions. The last principle is
about idiom. Duff (1981) also states that the idiom such as similes, metaphors,
proverbs and sayings, jargon, slangs, colloquialisms and phrasal verbs cannot be
translated directly.
2. Type of Translation
Catford (1965) classifies the types of translation in terms of extent, levels
and ranks. In term of the extent of the source language, Catford distinguishes the
type into full translation and partial translation. This distinction relates to the
extent of SL text which is submitted to the translation process. In full translation,
the SL text is entirely translated into TL text material. Therefore, each part of the
SL text would be replaced with the TL text. On the other hand, partial translation
only translates some parts from the SL text and left the rest of the parts
untranslated. In some cases, such in literal translation, this kind of situation is
considered as a common thing. It is either because they are regarded as
“untranslatable” or for the deliberate purpose of introducing “local color”.
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12
The second type is classified based on the level of the source language
text. He devides it into total and restricted translation. This distinction relates to
the levels of language involved in translation. Total translation may be defined as
the replacement of the SL grammar and lexis by the equivalent TL grammar and
lexis with consequential replacement of the SL phonology/graphology by the non-
equivalent TL phonology/graphology. In restricted translation, the SL text
material is replaced by the equivalent TL text material, at only one level. It means
that the translation happens only at the phonological or at the graphological, or
only at one of the two levels of grammar and lexis.
The last distinction in translation related to the rank in a grammatical or
phonological hierarchy at which translation equivalence is established. In the
normal total translation, the translation equivalence may be set up at any rank and
it constantly changes; at one point, it is sentence-to-sentence, at another, group-to-
group, at another, can be word-to-word. However, it is still possible for the
equivalence to happen in only one rank which is called by rank-bound translation.
The popular terms, such as free, literal, and word-for-word translation
partly correlates with the distinction. Free translation is always unbounded. This
translation tends to be at the higher ranks. It is sometimes larger than the sentence.
Word-for-word translation usually means what it says. In other word, it is at
word-rank which may include some morphemes equivalence. Literal translation is
just like word-for-word translation, but it is more grammatical in the TL than the
word-for-word translation. Newmark (1988) adds that it means the SL
grammatical constructions are converted to the nearest TL equivalents but the
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13 lexical words are again translated one by one, out of context. In order to make a
clear understanding about the distinction between word-for-word translation,
literal translation, and free translation an example from Catford (1965, p. 26) is
provided in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Example of Word-for-word, Literal and Free Translation (Catford,
1965 p. 26) SL text TL text
Tuhan bersama mereka God with them! (Word-for-word) God is with them! (Literal) Never mind about them! (Free)
From Table 2.1 can be seen that word-for-word translation performed only
in the word rank. Literal translation performed a higher level from word-for-word
translation and more grammatical. Then, free translation performed
interchangeable with the SL text in situation where the addressee is being advised
to dismiss or disregard a triviality.
Different from Catford (1965), Larson (1984) only classifies translation
into two types, form-based and meaning-based translation. Form-based translation
attempts to follow the form of source language and it is knows as literal
translation. On the other hand, meaning-based translation tries to communicate the
meaning of source language in the natural form of the target language. This kind
of translation is known as idiomatic translation. Idiomatic translations use the
natural form of the receptor language, both in grammatical construction and in the
choice of lexical items. Therefore, the idiomatic translation sounds more like it is
originally written in the receptor language rather than a result of translation.
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14 3. Good Translation
According to Newmark (1988), there is no such a thing like perfect, ideal
or correct in translation, but a satisfactory translation is always possible. Larson
(1984) argues that an ideal translation is also possible to be achieved. He states
that a translation is considered as ideal translation if it is accurate to both the
meaning and naturalness to language form used. Therefore, a translator is
concerned that his work should be a good quality translation. In order to achieve a
good or acceptable translation, Larson (1984) proposed three characteristics of it.
First, a good translation transfers the meaning of the source language
accurately. It means that the translator should translate the meaning as closely as
possible to the original message. In other word, there is no need to add any
information which was not really in the source language. If a translator
unconsciously adds or omits information, the meaning result would be different
from the source language, which makes it into inaccurate translation. Second, a
good translation should be clear. It means that the meaning of the translation itself
should be easy to understand by the target reader. Thus, it can communicate the
same meaning or idea to the target language speakers as same as what the source
language speakers have. Third, a good translation should sound natural to the
target language. It means that the translation should be translated the way the
target language speakers speak or write. Therefore, the target readers will read the
translation as if it was not a translation. In conclusion, translation is considered as
good if it is accurate, clear and natural.
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15 4. Idiom
This part discusses several theories related to idiom. It includes the
definitions, types, categories and the translation strategies of idioms. The
discussions are as follows.
a. Definition of idiom
According to Saussure (1989), an idiom is a reflection of the individual
characteristics of a community. It means that idiom is also related to the culture of
the community. It is because every language has different characteristic of idioms,
since it is bounded to each culture.
Moon (1998) states that idiom is an ambiguous term. It is because idiom
has two main meaning. First, idiom is a particular manner of expressing
something in language, and second, it is a particular lexical collocation or phrasal
lexeme. Cooper (1999) also states that idiom is an expression which cannot be
translated from the usual meaning of its constituent elements. McCarthy and
O’Dell (2010) also share the similar definition of it. They state that idioms are
fixed combination of words whose meaning is often difficult to guess from its
individual words. Take a look at the idioms “raining cats and dogs” if it is
analyzed from its individual words, raining means ‘water falls from the sky in
small drops’ and cats and dogs are kinds of an animal. Therefore, when it is
translated literally, it becomes ‘animals which falls from the sky’. However, the
meaning which wants to be conveyed is that ‘it is heavy rain’. Therefore, it can be
concluded that idioms are words or phrases which have different meaning from its
literal meaning. However, some of the types and categories of idiom have both
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16 literal and figurative meaning. Those types and categories will be discussed in the
following section.
b. Type of Idiom
Based on Hockett (1958) as cited in Strassler (1982), idiom consists of six
classifications or types. They are substitute, proper name, abbreviation/clipping,
English phrasal compound, figure of speech and slang. Those types are presented
as follows.
1) Substitute
Hockett (1958), states that a substitute includes personal pronouns and
numbers. In this type, the word “I”, “you”, and “he/she” can happen to be the
same idiom if they denote the same person. For example, if a speaker says he is
almost there without any context, other speakers will not know what the word he
refers to. The word he is commonly known as a specific male human or perhaps
pet. Hence, the other speakers will not know it until the further notice.
It also happens for the numeral. According to Hockett (1958), numbers,
which are probably classed as substitute, show a similar variation of specific
reference. For example, the answer four can be given to variety of questions, i.e.
How old are you?, What time is it?, What page is that on?, or How many children
do you have?. At last, the substitute would have to be modified as to its domain-
tie or its type, or both in order to create the grammatical pattern of the language
which is altered.
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17 2) Proper Name
A proper name is a symbol which designs an entity of which there is only
one (Hockett, 1958). The use of proper name in one language can be different
from others because it does not have a similar connotation to the proper name
meaning in another language. In all human communities, there are certain
recurrent idiom-creating events called naming. Naming is not only for human, but
also places, animals, spirits or vehicle. This phenomenon sometimes can lead to
misunderstanding. For example, I have Sally to accompany me. The word Sally is
usually used as a name of a female person. However, it can probably be used as a
name of a doll or an animal.
The grammatical properties of proper name might also deviate from those
of the most similar ‘ordinary’ words. For a language which has noun as one of the
part of speeches, then names are almost invariably nouns. However, it does not
apply to the name of place. It is because sometimes the name of place appears to
be locative particle. In English, the name of cities, rivers, and lakes are never
preceded by an article, such as New York, or Lake Michigan. However, some
might have article the preceding the name permanently, such as in The
Mississippi, which is the name of a river.
3) Abbreviation/Clipping
Third is abbreviation or clipping. Abbreviation or clipping is the use of a
part for a whole. It can also be in a form of letters which stand for a name. Thus, it
only mentions a part of a word for the whole word. Hockett mentions that in
English, abbreviation is usually used to replace a long word or phrasal compound
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18 by its first or stressed, syllable, whether or not that syllable has previously been a
morpheme. The example of this type is ‘plane’ for ‘airplane’ or ‘aeroplane’, ‘cam’
for ‘camera’ or ‘gents’ for ‘gentleman’or ‘gentlemen’.
Another abbreviation can also be formed from the initial of the full name.
This kind of abbreviation is usually used for organizational name. It happens
because the organization has long name. For example, ‘UNESCO’ stands for
‘United Nation Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’, or in
Indonesia there is DPRD, which stands for ‘Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah’.
4) English Phrasal Compound
According to Dobrovolsky and O’Grady (1997), English phrasal
compound is a way to form new words by combining two existing words.
Katamba (1993) states that based on its components, English phrasal compound
consists of compound noun, compound adjective, and compound verb.
First is compound noun. Compound noun is a phrase which contains a
combination of lexical categories which make a noun as the head of the phrase.
Katamba, (1993) states that it may contain a noun followed by another noun as in
‘daylight’, an adjective followed by a noun as in ‘hothead’ or a preposition
followed by a noun as in ‘afterword’. Besides, Dobrovolsky and O’Grady (1997)
add another compound noun which consists of a verb followed by a noun as in
‘crybaby’.
Second is compound adjective. This compound makes an adjective as its
head. A compound adjective consists of an adjective followed by another
adjective (can be a past participle of a verb) as in ‘redheaded’, a noun followed by
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19 an adjective as in ‘daylong’, or a preposition followed by an adjective as in
‘overripe’.
Third is compound verb. Compound verbs in English are usually known as
phrasal verbs. According to McCarthy and O’Dell (2010), there are four structures
of phrasal verbs. Those structures are shown in a Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Structures of Phrasal Verb
No Structures Example 1. Verb + Preposition Come across 2. Verb + Adverb particle Give up 3. Verb + Object + Adverb particle
or Verb + Adverb particle + Object
Pick him up or Pick up it
4. Verb + Adverb particle + Preposition Run out of time
5) Figure of Speech
According to Bain (1967), figures of speech all conduce to the greater
effectiveness of style; they either present a thought more vividly to the intellect, or
operate more powerfully upon feelings. Wren and Martin (1981) state that figure
of speech is a departure from the ordinary form of expression in order to produce
a greater effect. That definition also shares the same idea as Perrine (1992), who
states that figure of speech is any way of saying something other than the ordinary
way. The language that uses figure of speech is called a figurative language. Little
(1985) classifies the figures of speech into three classifications. He divides those
classifications based on comparison, association, and other figures of speech.
a) Comparison
Comparison is divided into five types. They are simile, metaphor,
personification, analogy, and hyperbole. Simile and metaphor have similar
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20 definition which is comparison between two things (Wren & Martin, 1981). They
also add, what makes simile different from metaphor is that simile is usually
indicated by the existence of comparative conjunction such as “like” or “as” to
compare two things, while metaphor is not. For example, ‘He is like a pig’ is
comparing two things, which is “he”, whose characteristic is like a “pig”. That
example is simile because it has a comparative conjunction, which is “like”. It
would be different if the sentence is ‘he is a pig’. That sentence is still comparing
two things but does not use any of the comparative conjunction. Thus, that is
called metaphor.
The next type is personification. According to Gill (1985), personification
is used to express the abstract idea of inanimate objects, or aspect of nature which
is described as it is human. The example of this figure of speech is “the flame of
the candle dance in the dark”. Analogy is a bit different from metaphor which
compares two different things. It is a comparison between things which have
similar features, and often used to help explain a principle or idea. Last one is
Hyperbole. Based on Bain (1967), hyperbole consists of magnifying objects
beyond the natural bounds. It is created by exaggerating the form of statement, the
thing is represented as either greater or smaller, better or worse than it really is.
b) Association
Association consists of metonymy and symbolism. Based on Tarigan
(1985), Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is not called
by its own name, but by the name of something which closely associates with that
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21 thing or concept. The example is BMW, which is a name of a car. In this case
BMW is considered as metonymy because it is associated to the rich people.
Symbolism is usually existed in a literary work. It uses an object which
represents or symbolizes ideas or meaning other than its literal meaning. For
example is the word rose. In literary work, if a character gives rose to another
character, it may function or symbolize love.
c) Other Figures of Speech
Little (1985) mentions some other figures of speech which are not
included in the previous classification. Those figures of speech are apostrophe,
irony, paradox, synecdoche, allegory, euphemism, and exclamation. Apostrophe is
a figure of speech which is used when a person who did not exist is spoken. The
example of this figure of speech is “Oh God, please bless us”. The next figure of
speech is irony. Based on Tarigan (1985), it is used to mention the opposite
meaning of a word. People who are sarcastic are accustomed to use this figure of
speech. For example, He is genius, that he cannot recognize his own motorcycle.
Tarigan (1985) defines paradox as a figure of speech which always ends
with the opposite word. For example He feels lonely among the crowd. The words
lonely and crowd seem to be the opposite word. Thus, it is one of the paradoxes.
Synecdoche is a figure of speech which mentions a part for a whole or a whole for
a part (Tarigan, 1985). For example, let’s count how many head there are. The
word head is considered as synecdoche because it represents a person not only
ahead.
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22
Allegory, based on Tarigan (1985), is an improved metaphor. It is usually
in a form of story which has value. For example is Cerita si Kancil. Next is
euphemism. Euphemism, according to McCarthy and O’Dell (2010), is a figure of
speech that avoids the use of words which may offend or be considered
unpleasant. For example, the phrase pass away is more polite than died to express
sympathy to the death of someone who is respected. The last is exclamation. It is
a figure of speech which is used exclamatory form to draw greater attention to a
point.
6) Slang
Another type of idioms is slang words. According to Dumas (1978), slang
words can be associated with a language, which uses the non-standard vocabulary.
Eble (1996) adds that slang is an ever changing set of colloquial words and
phrases that the speakers used to establish and reinforce the social identity or
cohesiveness within a group in the society. Another definition is also given by
Kernerman (2006), who states that slangs are words and phrases (is often used
temporarily), which are used very informally. Because of its informality, slang
words only restricted to a certain group of people. Leech and Svartvik (1981) state
that slang is a language which is very familiar in style, and is usually restricted to
the members of a particular social group, such as teenage slang, army slang or
theatre slang. The example of slang is “wanna” which means “want to” or
“gonna” which means “going to”.
c. Categories of Idioms
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23
Based on its closeness in structuring the meaning, Chaer (1986) divides
idioms into two categories. First is pure idiom (idiom penuh) and second is semi
idiom (idiom sebagian). Different from Chaer, Fernando (1996) categorizes
idioms into three. The two of the categories are similar to Chaer’s, namely, pure
idiom and semi idiom. However, in his theory, he adds one more category, which
is literal idiom.
Pure idioms are a sort of idioms in which the elements constructing the
idioms have lost their lexical meaning or become non-literal (Chaer, 1986). This
definition is agreed by Fernando (1996), who defines that pure idioms are always
non-literal, however, they may either invariable or may have little variation. It can
be said that each of the word in it is become one entity. Thus, the meaning of the
idioms cannot be translated literally. For example, “gulung tikar” means
“bankrupt”. From the example can be seen that the words gulung and tikar cannot
be translated into “roll” and “mat”. However, they are translated as an entity,
which means “bankrupt”.
Based on Chaer (1986), semi idioms are a sort of idioms in which there is
still the lexical meaning in a part of the elements constructing idioms. Fernando
(1996) also adds that it can be said to have one or more literal constituents and
one with non literal sub sense. In other words, semi idioms can be said to have
both, literal and non literal constituents in it. For example is “white lie”, which
means “saying something which is not true to deceive someone with good
intentions”. In this idiom, the word “lie” is still maintaining its lexical meaning
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24 which is “saying something which is not true to deceive someone”. However, the
word “white” has lost its lexical meaning, which is “a color like that of snow”.
The third category is literal idiom. Fernando (1996) states that it allows
little variation. Thus, it can be considered to be transparent. Zarei and Nahid
(2012) also state that the transparent idioms are those idioms which are easy to
comprehend and translate. In addition, their meaning can be derived from the
meaning of their constituent parts, e.g. of course, for once, all right.
d. Strategies of Idioms Translation
Translating idioms might become a problem for a translator. It is because
the difficulty in interpreting the meaning of it in the source language. The
misunderstanding of the translator interpretation might emerge the ambiguous
meaning of it. That might be the major problem for the translator to face. As
Baker (1992) believes that the ability to recognize and interpret an idiom correctly
and difficulties in rendering various aspects of meaning into the target language
become the main problems that idiomatic and fixed expressions pose.
Furthermore, he also mentions some other problems which a translator may face.
First, some idioms may have no equivalence in the TL. Second, some idioms may
have a similar counterpart in the TL, but its context use may be different. Third,
sometimes an idiom in the SL refers to both literal and idiomatic sense. Fourth, in
a written discourse, the contexts in which idioms can be used and their frequency
of use may be different in the SL and TL.
As stated before, idiom cannot be translated directly from its constituent
elements. It makes the translators have difficulty in translating the idiom.
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25 However, Baker (1992) had defined four strategies in translating idioms as shown
in Figure 2.2:
The first strategy uses the idiom in target language which conveys the
same meaning as the idiom in source language and consists of equivalent lexical
item. Thus, the translation should be translated as equivalent as possible to the
source idiom. The idiom half-hearted is one of the examples which is able to use
this strategy. This idiom means to do something lack efforts and enthusiasm. In
Bahasa Indonesia, this idiom can be translated into setengah hati. It has the
similar meaning as half-harted and it also has the similar form as half-harted.
The second strategy is to translate the source idiom by using idiom which
has the same meaning but uses different form or lexical items. It is used if the
translator cannot find the similar meaning and form in the target language. It is
often possible for translator to use the idiom with the similar meaning but
dissimilar form. For example is the English idiom even maestros make mistake,
which means nobody is perfect. This idiom is equivalent to Indonesian idiom
sepandai-pandainya tupai melompat pasti akan jatuh juga. Those idioms share
Idiom Translation Strategies
Similar meaning and
form
Similar meaning, but
dissimilar form Paraphrase Omission
Figure 2.2 Baker’s Idiom Translation Strategies (1992, pp. 72-77)
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26 the similarities in words maestro and tupai. Both of them are used to describe the
something which seems to be perfect in its field. Maestro is person who is skillful
in playing or conducting music, while tupai is an animal which is skillful in
jumping from one tree to another.
The next strategy is to use paraphrase to translate the idioms. This strategy
is used if the translator cannot find the idioms in the target language which
conveys the same meaning. In this situation, paraphrasing or writing the meaning
of idiom is the way to translate the source idiom. For example, Indonesian
expression tikus kantor which means a corruptor. Translators should not translate
it into office rat because it will have different meaning. Therefore, the word
corruptor is better to translate the source idiom.
The last strategy is omission. It is the last strategy that a translator can do
in translating the idiom. For some reasons, a translator may omit the idiom in the
target text. It is because it has no similar or close meaning in the target text, its
meaning is difficult to be paraphrased, or for stylistic reasons.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this part, the researcher discusses the theories used in this study. This
study focuses on the translation of idioms in the subtitle of Ice Age: Continental
Drift movie. The researcher formulates two problems in order to achieve the
objective of this study. Those problems are related to the categorization of idioms
and the idiom translation strategy applied in translating the idioms.
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27
In order to solve those problems, the first thing to do is to have the
knowledge about the translation and idiom itself. The researcher cited some
definitions and more explanation from Newmark (1988) and Catford (1965) about
the definition of translation and the literal translation. The researcher also cited a
theory about the classification of a good translation from Larson (1984). Those
theories helped the researcher to have the necessary knowledge of translation
which was needed in the research. In addition, those theories kept the analysis of
the study staying on the track. Besides, the researcher also used Duff’s (1981)
theory about the principles of translation. This theory was used to help the
researcher to see the basic requirements of translation. The researcher also
provided the criteria for a good translation from Larson (1984). Those theories
were used to analyze the translation result in this research. It was used in order to
analyze whether the translation result is acceptable or not.
Beside the knowledge about translation, the researcher also needs more
knowledge about the idioms. Thus, theories from (Cooper (1999); McCarthy and
O’Dell (2010); Moon (1998); Saussure (1989)) about idiom were provided. They
point out that idiom is bounded to the culture of a community or group of
individual. Another point which can be concluded from those experts is that idiom
is an expression an expression which cannot be translated from the usual meaning
of its constituent elements. Thus, those have created a clear image about the
definition of the idiom. Besides, the researcher also provided the type of idiom
from Hockett (1958). This theory supported the researcher in analyzing the data.
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28
To answer the first problem, the researcher used Fernando’s (1996) and
Chaer’s (1986) theories about categories of idiom. Fernando (1996) defines that
there are three categories of idiom, namely, pure idiom, semi idiom and literal
idiom. Different from Fernando, Chaer (1986) only categorizes idom into two
categories, namely, pure idiom and semi idiom. The also He categorizes idioms
into two categories based on the closeness of their elements in structuring the
meaning. Those categories are pure idiom and semi idiom. Besides, the researcher
also included Fernando’s (1996) theory about the categories of idiom to complete
Chaer’s theory. In his theory, Fernando adds one more category which is literal
idiom. Thus, the researcher used the combination of both theories in order to get
the better analysis in categorizing the data.
The second problem is about the translation strategies. In this part, the
researcher used strategies proposed by Baker (1992). She proposes four strategies
in translating the idioms. Those strategies are (1) using idiom of similar meaning
and form, (2) using idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form, (3)
translation by paraphrase, and (4) translation by omission. They helped the
researcher to recognize the translation strategies in translating the idioms and it
will also become the answer for the second problem.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology used to answer the research
problems. There are six parts in this chapter. They are research method, research
setting, data sources, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis
technique and research procedure.
A. Research Method
This research used qualitative research. It was chosen because the research
was going to deal with documents and description analysis, which did not need
any statistic formula. As Huda (1999) proposes, those which do not utilize
statistical analysis and are confirmed to description of concepts or phenomenon
categories are termed qualitative. Thus, this method was considered as suitable for
this study.
The researcher also used document analysis which also belongs to
qualitative research. It was supported by Ary, Jacobs and Sorensen (2002), who
stated that “it is a research method applied to written or visual material for the
purpose of identifying specific characteristic of the materials”. It was also added
that the materials could be textbooks, newspapers, web pages, speeches, television
programs, advertisements, musical compositions, or any of the host of other type
of documents. Related to the theory, the researcher’s documents were English and
29
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
30 Indonesian subtitle of the Ice Age: Continental Drift. The method was conducted
because the researcher wanted to analyze the idiom in the movie.
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted from August to November 2015. The
researcher collected the data from the English and Indonesian subtitle of Ice Age:
Continental Drift. There was no specific place in conducting the research. It is
because the subjects of this research were the English and Indonesian subtitle of
Ice Age: Continental Drift.
C. Data Sources
The data sources of this research were English and Indonesian subtitle of
Ice Age: Continental Drift. It is a 2012 animation movie directed by Steve
Martino and Mike Thurmeire and also written by Michael Berg, Jason Fuchs, and
Lori Forte. This movie is the forth sequel of Ice Age movies. Ice Age (2002), Ice
Age: Meltdown (2006) and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009) were the other
three movies before it was released.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering
In order to analyze the data, the researcher used the document analysis.
The documents that were used in this research as the data resource were the script
of English and Indonesian Subtitle of Ice Age: Continental Drift. Harvey (2012)
states that a document refers to any cultural products such as hard-written
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
31 documents including letters, printed documents, printings, photographs, charts,
maps, newspaper, video television programs and films. The Indonesian subtitle
was retrieved in August, 3 2015, from http:/subscene.com/u/596363 and it was
translated by Pein Akatsuki, the member of IDFL.us sub crew.
The main instruments for this research were Ice Age: Continental Drift
subtitle scripts and Ice Age: Continental Drift movie which was released in 2012.
In gathering the data, the researcher watched the movie and read the subtitle of the
movie. While doing them, the researcher listed down the idiom found in the
English subtitle. The next thing to do was, the researcher found the translation of
the idiom in the Indonesian subtitle and put them into the table. Afterward, the
researcher classified the idiom and analyzed the translation strategy.
The researcher also used some online dictionaries as the references. Those
dictionaries are used to help the researcher find the literal meaning or the meaning
of the idiomatic words and phrases. Thus, both, the main instrument and
dictionaries helped the researcher in finding and analyzing the data.
E. Data Analysis Technique
Since the research method was qualitative research, there were three
general steps in analyzing the data. Creswell (2007) proposes that those three
general steps are preparing and organizing the data, reducing the data through
process coding, and representing the data.
In preparing and organizing data, the researcher watched and read the
English and Indonesian subtitle of Ice Age: Continental Drift. Then, the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
32 researcher listed the idioms found in it and searched the translation on the
Indonesian subtitle.
The second step was reducing the data through process coding. In this part,
the researcher categorized the English idioms into pure idiom, semi idiom, and
literal idiom as proposed by Fernando (1996). Then, the researcher also analyzed
the translation strategy of those idioms using Baker translation strategy. The final
step was presenting the data. The data were presented through table.
Table 3.1 The Applied Categories and Strategies for Idioms in the Subtitle of Ice
Age: Continental Drift No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies … … … … … 70 00:38:57--> 00:39:00
They think we're screw-ups and we can't do anything right.
Mereka berpikir kita pengacau Dan tak bisa melakukan hal yang benar.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
… … … … …
Table 3.1 was used to present the data of this research. In this table, the
researcher put the idioms and the categorization of which the idiom belongs.
Through this table, the researcher analyzed the idioms and categorized them into
pure idiom, semi idiom or literal idiom. In addition, the researcher also put the
English and Indonesian idioms in this table, which later, those were compared and
analyzed which strategy that was used to translate the idiom. Through this table
the researcher was helped to make the data easier to be presented.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
33 F. Research Procedure
This part explains the research procedures which were done by the
researcher in conducting the research. Those procedures were collecting the data,
categorizing the idioms, analyzing the translation strategy, and drawing
conclusion. Those procedures were presented as follows.
The first step which was done by the researcher was collecting the data. In
collecting data, the researcher searched the idioms in the English subtitle script.
The researcher also watched the movie in order to see the context of the idioms.
Afterward, the researcher listed all of the idioms that were found in the English
subtitle of Ice Age: Continental Drift. In addition, the researcher listed the
translation of the idioms found. It was done in order to make the analysis easier.
Furthermore, the researcher used the reference from dictionaries to make sure the
idioms.
The second step, the researcher categorized the English idioms into pure
idiom, semi idiom, and literal idiom. The researcher used the idiom dictionary to
find the meaning of those idioms. It was done to make sure that the researcher
categorized them correctly. This process became the answer of the first problem
formulation.
After the researcher had categorized each of the idioms, the researcher
analyzed the translation strategies which were used to translate the idioms. In
analyzing the data, the researcher put the listed idioms in both, SL and TL, in a
table. Afterward, the researcher compared them and matched them to the idiom
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
34 translation strategies which were proposed by Baker (1992). This process was
done in order to answer the second research problem.
The last step of the research was that the researcher drew a conclusion
from the analysis of the data and described the analysis. The conclusion showed
the research findings of this research. It discussed the answer of both problem
formulation, types of the idioms and the idiom strategies which were used in
translating them. This step also included the description of some of the idioms
meaning, which were considered to represent each of the category and strategy.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the findings of the research. There will be three parts
in this chapter, namely categories of idioms, translation strategies of idioms and
other findings. In the first part, the researcher presents the answer for the first
problem formulation, which is ‘What are the categories of idiom used in Ice Age
Continental Drift?’. In the second part, the researcher presents the strategies in
translating the idioms in the subtitle of the movie. It is also used to answer the
second problem formulation, which is ‘how does the translator translate the
idioms in Ice Age Continental Drift?’.
A. Categories of Idioms
This part presented the categorization of the idioms based on the
combination between Chaer’s (1986) and Fernando’s (1996) theory. Accordingly,
the idioms were categorized based on the closeness of their elements in
structuring the meaning, namely, pure idiom, semi idiom and literal idiom. The
researcher found 140 idioms in the movie. They consisted of 81 pure idioms, 15
semi idioms and 44 literal idioms.
Table 4.1 Frequencies of idioms Categorization
No. Categories Frequency Percentage 1. Pure Idiom 81 57.9% 2. Semi Idiom 15 10.7% 3. Literal Idiom 44 31.4%
Total 140 100%
35
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36
1. Pure Idiom
Referring to Chaer’s (1986) and Fernando’s (1996) theory, pure idioms are
a sort of idioms in which the elements constructing the idioms has lost their
lexical meaning or become non literal. Thus, the meaning cannot be predicted
from each of the word or cannot be translated literally. In the findings, most of the
idioms belonged to pure idiom, which were 81 idioms. It can be said that this
category dominated the categorization of the data found in the subtitle.
Excerpt from 00:58:35 --> 00:58:44 Sid : Oh, yeah! Love. Diego : You mean with the pirate? No. Sid : Shira's gotten under your skin. Come on, admit it.
Data 1. Pure Idiom Found in Excerpt 1
The first example of pure idiom found in the subtitle was that gotten under
your skin. If it is translated literally it becomes Shira telah berada di bawah
kulitmu. However, the meaning of it will have the different meaning from its
intended meaning, which is to annoy or irritate someone. Actually, this meaning
has two different interpretations. The first interpretation of this idiom is to annoy
or irritate someone, which makes someone get provoked. The second
interpretation is to affect someone very strongly which makes him difficult to
forget. From Data 1, the second one is the most appropriate meaning. It is because
in the movie, Shira has affected Diego’s feeling that he cannot forget her. In the
TL subtitle, this idiom was paraphrased into Shira membuatmu jatuh cinta. This
paraphrase had represented the meaning of this idiom. If the literal meaning is
compared to those meanings, the meaning is far from the actual meaning. It is
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
37 because each element of this idiom has lost its lexical meaning. Thus, the
researcher categorized it into pure idiom.
The second example is also found in the phrase have each other’s back.
This phrase literally means to get the back part of someone’s body. In contrary,
this idiom means to protect each other so that there is no one who will attack. In
other word, this phrase can be interpreted as to help each other. From Data 2 it is
shown that the phrase have each other’s back is a pure idiom since it has lost its
lexical meaning. Therefore, this idiom was categorized into pure idiom.
The researcher categorized these idioms into pure idiom because both of
them had lost their lexical meaning. The meaning which was brought by those
idioms did not have any connection to the each element constructing them. In
addition, although some of them were translated literally, they are still considered
as a symbol and bring their idiomatic sense with them. Other pure idioms which
are not mentioned in this part also still have their idiomatic sense with them.
Therefore, they are still in the line with the definition of pure idiom mentioned
previously.
2. Semi Idiom
Semi idioms are sort of idioms in which there is still the lexical meaning in
a part of the elements constructing idioms (Chaer, 1986). In other word, semi
Excerpt from 00:45:09 00:45:12 Shira : A herd. What's the difference? Diego: We have each other's backs.
Data 2. Pure idiom found in Excerpt 2
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
38 idioms are constructed from one or more literal constituents and one non literal
sub sense (Fernando, 1996). In the findings, the researcher found 15 idioms which
included in this category. This category was the least idiom category which was
found in the subtitle.
The first example of this idiom is piracy doesn’t pay. Actually, this idiom
is adopted from crime doesn’t pay. It was done because in the movie, the one who
did a crime was a pirate. In addition, there is a similarity between crime and
piracy, which is both of them are doing an illegal activities. Meanwhile, the word
pay literally means ‘to give money to someone for something you want to buy or
for services provided’. The meaning of piracy doesn’t pay is not ‘an illegal action
which does not give money for something or services provided’. However, it
means ‘every illegal or bad action should be caught or punished’. In the TL
subtitle, it was translated into perompak tak tau aturan. This translation is
considered less accurate because the idiomatic meaning of the idiom was not
represented in TL subtitle. The target reader will not get the same understanding
or interpretation as the source language speakers. This idiom categorized in semi
idiom because one of the parts in this idiom still maintained its lexical meaning,
which is piracy.
The next example is drawing my bath. Drawing means ‘the act of making
a picture with a pencil or a pen’. However, in this idiom, it had lost its lexical
meaning. On the contrary, bath or bathtub (US) is maintaining its lexical meaning
as ‘a long plastic, metal or ceramic container which is filled with water’
(“Bathtub”). Thus, the meaning of this idiom is not ‘making a picture of a long
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
39 plastic, metal or ceramic container which is filled with water’. However, it means
‘to help someone to get the bath ready’. Because it is a comedy movie, the bath
which was meant was not a usual bath, but it was an ocean. Even though it was an
ocean, grandma thought that it was a bath filled with water. In TL subtitle, instead
of translating into mengisi bak mandiku, the translator paraphrases it into
membuatku mandi, which was more natural for the TL speaker. Nevertheless, this
idiom was still considered as semi idiom. It was because one of the elements in
this idiom had lost its lexical meaning. That also happened to the rest of the semi
idioms which had been analyzed in this study. They are still fit to the definition of
semi idioms.
3. Literal Idiom
Based on Fernando (1996), it is said that literal idioms can be considered
to be transparent. Hence, their meaning can be derived from the meaning of their
constituent parts. In addition, he also mentions that literal idioms are easy to
comprehend and translate. Based on the result findings, there were 44 idioms,
which were categorized into literal idiom. Most of the literal idioms found in this
research were also in a form of English phrasal compound. According to
Dobrovolsky and O’Grady (1997), it is a way to form new words by combining
two existing words.
Excerpt from 00:05:45 00:05:58 Uncle Fungus : Hey, paws up, everybody! Marshall : Paws down, Uncle, please! That is nasty.
Data 3. Literal Idiom Excerpt 1
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
40
The first example is paws up in Data 3. It was included in English phrasal
verb. ‘Paws up’ is adopted from idiom hands up. Actually, this idiom can be
categorized into either pure or literal idiom. It depends on the context where this
idiom is used. If it was considered as pure idiom, the meaning of this idiom is ‘to
surrender’. However, in this case, the idiom paws up is considered as literal
idiom. It is because they can be translated from its constituent parts. Thus, this
idiom is considered as literal idiom.
Another example of English phrasal compound is all right. It is a
compound adjective and also considered as literal idiom. It consists of words all
and right. All means ‘the whole’, while right means ‘correct’. However, those
words created a new meaning because it was one unity. ‘All right’ means ‘to
shows satisfactory, good, agreed, certainly, safe or harmless, and pleasant
feeling’. The idiom which was used in the sentence ‘Peaches, are you all right?’
meant ‘well or harmless’. In the TL subtitle, this idiom is translated into ‘Peaches
kau baik saja?’. It seems that the translator had correctly transferred the meaning
of the idiom. However, it was rare to hear the TL speaker to say kau baik saja,
rather, it would be better if it becomes ‘Kau baik-baik saja’. Moreover by using
the repetition of word baik into baik-baik, it would be more natural for the target
language speakers.
B. Translation Strategies of Idioms
This part answers the second problem formulation, which is ‘How does the
translator translate the idioms in Ice Age: Continental Drift?’. The data obtained
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
41 from the subtitle was analyzed by using Baker’s theory (1992) about idiom
translation strategies. Those strategies are: (1) Translating idioms using similar
meaning and form, (2) Translating idioms using similar meaning but dissimilar
form, (3) Translating idioms by paraphrasing, and (4) Translating idioms by
omission. However, some of the idioms found in the subtitle of the movie were
translated using another strategy of translation, which is literal translation. Table
4.2 shows the findings of idioms translation strategies used in the Ice Age:
Continental Drift movie.
Table 4.2 Frequencies of Translation Strategies
No Strategies Frequencies Percentage 1 Similar Meaning and Form 11 7.9% 2 Similar Meaning Dissimilar Form 1 0.7% 3 Paraphrase 122 87.2% 4 Omission 3 2.1% 5 Literal Translation 3 2.1%
Total 140 100%
There were 140 idioms found in the subtitle. They were identified using
Baker’s idioms translation strategies. The finding of the research discovered that
most of the idioms were translated using “paraphrase” strategy. There were 122
idioms or 87.2% which were translated using this strategy. The second strategy is
“using an idiom of similar meaning and form”. There were 11 idioms or 7.9%
translated using this strategy. Based on the data analyzed, there were three idioms
or approximately about 2.9% which used ‘omission’ strategy. The next strategy is
“literal translation”. Actually, it is not the strategies which are proposed by Baker.
However, the researcher found that this strategy was used to translate three
idioms. The last strategy is “using idioms of similar meaning but dissimilar form”.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
42 This strategy was rarely used in translating the idioms in the subtitle. There was
only one idiom or 0.7% using this strategy.
1. Similar Meaning and Form
Based on Baker (1992), this strategy uses idiom in target language which
conveys the same meaning and as the idiom in source language and consists of
equivalent lexical item. In other words, the source language idiom is translated
using target language idiom which has the similar meaning and form. Thus, it is
possible produce an equivalent idiom translation in target language.
From the data analysis, the researcher found 11 idioms which were
translated using this strategy. Those which were considered to use this strategy
used TL idiom which conveys the similar meaning to the source language idiom.
Therefore, the researcher provided some of the idioms which were translated
using this strategy. Those idioms will be explained as follows.
First idiom which used this strategy is ‘it’s not the end of the world’. This
idiom was translated into ‘bukanlah akhir dunia’. Both idioms conveyed the same
meaning which is ‘not the worst thing that could happen’. They also have similar
form of lexical item. ‘it’s not the end of the world’ literally means ‘bukanlah akhir
dunia’. In addition, this idiom is a kind of hyperbole. It is because this idiom
exaggerates a statement (Bain, 1967). In this movie, this idiom was exaggerating
the fighting between Manny and Peaches which would not make the world end.
Thus, this idiom was considered to use this strategy because both idioms have the
similar meaning and form. The translation of the idiom was also considered as
good or acceptable translation. It was because it had fulfilled the three
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
43 characteristic of an ideal translation which are proposed by Larson (1984). First, it
does not add or omit any information from the SL idiom. As a result, the meaning
from SL idiom is transferred accurately. Second, the meaning from ‘bukanlah
akhir dunia’ is also easy to understand by the TL speaker as same as the SL
speaker. Third, the translation sounds natural for the TL speaker because the TL
idiom exists in the TL. Thus, the TL speaker will consider it as their own
language.
Another example which was found in this research was ‘before you know
it’. It was translated into ‘sebelum kau menyadarinya’. Both idioms have similar
meaning which is ‘very quick or very soon’. In addition, they also have similar
lexical items. The words ‘before’ and ‘sebelum’, ‘you’ and ‘kau’, and ‘know it’
and ‘menyadarinya’, all of them are equal to each other and carrying the similar
idiomatic meaning. Hence, this idiom translation was considered as acceptable
and appropriate for the target language speaker. This conclusion was drawn from
Larson’s theory. Just like the previous idiom, this idiom also has those three
characteristics. The translation is accurate, clear and natural for the TL speaker.
2. Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form
Using similar meaning idiom with dissimilar form is a strategy which uses
an idiom from TL which conveys similar meaning but has dissimilar form or
lexical items. It is used if the translators cannot find a match idiom with similar
form in TL. In other words, the translators have a possibility to choose another
idiom which conveys similar meaning to the SL idiom even though the form or
the lexical item is different. From the data analyzed, the researcher only found one
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
44 idiom which used this strategy, which is ‘take up much space’. It was the least
strategy which was used to translate the idiom. This idiom used different lexical
items from the SL idiom, yet, it carries similar meaning to the SL idiom.
The only idiom which was translated using this strategy is ‘take up much
space’. The meaning of this idiom is ‘to fill or occupy space’. In Bahasa
Indonesia, ‘take up’ literally means ‘menggunakan’ and ‘space’ literally means
‘ruang atau tempat’. Thus, if it was translated using the first strategy it would
become ‘menggunakan terlalu banyak tempat’. This translation was less
appropriate to be used because it had lost its idiomatic sense. However, in this
case, the translator translated the SL idiom using TL idiom which has dissimilar
form or lexical items, which is ‘memakan tempat’. The meaning of ‘memakan
tempat’ is similar to ‘take up much space’. Hence, this translation is more
appropriate. It is because the translation still brings the idiomatic meaning of the
SL idiom even though it has dissimilar form from the SL idiom. In further
analysis, this translation was considered as an acceptable translation. The
accuracy, clarity, and the naturalness of the translation had been fulfilled.
3. Paraphrase
Translation by paraphrase was the most common strategy which was used
in translating SL idiom into TL. According to Baker (1992), this strategy is
translating the idiom by writing the meaning of the idiom directly. Thus, the result
of the translation is not considered as idiomatic because it directly refers to SL
idiom meaning. The translators usually employ this strategy when they are not
able to find the equivalent idiom in TL.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
This strategy dominated the frequency of the strategies used in translating
idiom in subtitle Ice Age: Continental Drift. There were 122 idioms which were
translated using this strategy. In other words, it gained about 87.2% of all the
idioms found. The researcher provides some idioms which were translated using
this strategy.
The first idiom is so long which was found in Data 4. The meaning of this
idiom is actually ‘to say goodbye’. In this movie, it was paraphrase into usaha
yang bagus. In this case, the translator makes less accurate paraphrase because the
meaning of usaha yang bagus is ‘to do a good work’. Thus, his paraphrase was
not acceptable to the context. If it was translated into sampai jumpa it might be an
appropriate translation. It is because phrase sampai jumpa may have similar
meaning to so long, which means ‘goodbye’.
Another idiom which was translated using paraphrase strategy is genius.
This word was considered as idiom because of the context where it was used. It
can be seen in Data 5. The word genius is kind of irony. Based on Tarigan (1985),
it is a figure of speech which is used to mention the opposite meaning of the word
or in short, to be sarcastic. Hence, it is also considered as idiom. In this case, it
does not mean ‘very smart’, but it means ‘stupid or dumb’. The translator noticed
the meaning of this idiom, so that he translates it into bodoh. Based on Larson’s
Excerpt from 00:52:17,041 --> 00:52:20,043 Grandma: So long, banana breath. Thanks for the ship!
Data 4. Paraphrase Strategy Excerpt 1
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
46 theory this translation is considered acceptable. It is because it has fulfilled the
three categories which are proposed by Larson.
It is indeed that translating idioms by paraphrase is the easiest way to
translate idioms compared to the previous strategies. In addition, it will make the
TL speakers are easier to understand the meaning. However, it would be better if a
translator prioritizes the first two idioms. In other words, ‘idiom to idiom’
translation is recommended as long as there is an equivalence idiom in TL, so that
the idiomatic sense from the SL text can be reflected on the TL text.
4. Omission
Translating idioms by omission is the last strategy to translate the idioms.
It can be said that it is the last alternative to translate idioms. According to Baker
(1992), this strategy is employed because of three reasons. First, there is no
similar or close meaning in target language, second, the meaning of the idiom
cannot or difficult to be translated, and third, it is done for stylistic reasons.
Excerpt from 00:57:11 00:57:18 Katie : Yeah, well, your species
is going to be extinct first. The other mammoth: Burn! Ethan : We're the same species, genius.
Data 5. Paraphrase Strategy Excerpt 2
Excerpt from 00:09:08 00:09:13 Sid: Come on, what kind of sick family would ditch their Granny on someone?
Data 6. Omission Strategy Excerpt 1
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
47
On this research, the researcher only found three idioms translated using
this strategy. They are sick, for once, and deadweight. Those idioms are
considered as using this strategy because they are omitted in the TL text.
The first idiom which used this strategy is sick in phrase ‘sick family’.
This idiom does not mean ‘a family whose members are sick’. The word sick in
this idiom can be considered as slang word, which means ‘crazy or insane’
(urbandictionary.com). In TL subtitle, this idiom was translated into keluarga.
The decision of the translator to omit this word is the right choice. It is because if
the translator still wanted to maintain the idiomatic sense of this word, it would be
a waste. In Data 6, the omission of this idiom will not affect anything to the
translation result. In addition, it is more natural to be translated that way, since,
logically, there is no such of a normal family who will ditch their own member.
As a result, the translation is considered as acceptable.
The second idiom is for once, which means ‘only one time’. It is used
when something happens that does not usually happen. In bahasa Indonesia, it is
equivalent to ‘hanya sekali’ or ‘untuk satu kali’. However, rather than translating
the idiom into its meaning, the translator prefers to translate it into ‘harus
kukatakan’. This translation is not equivalent to for once, since for once refers to
something that does not usually happen. In this case, Diego said it because usually
Sid never said something right before. Hence, the idiom should not be omitted or
even the translator should not add another translation which does not exist in the
SL.
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48
This case is also happened to the next idiom, which is deadweight.
Actually, this idiom does not need to be omitted or even replace. Deadweight
means ‘the heaviness of a person or object that cannot or does not move by itself’.
The deadweight which was meant in this case was Manny and his group.
However, the translator translated it into siapkan papannya, which was considered
as less accurate. Furthermore, there was a possibility for paraphrasing to make the
actual meaning of the idiom was still maintained in the TL. In Data 7, the
sentence where the idiom was used was not difficult to be translated or
paraphrased. The word jettison means ‘to throw something or someone that is not
wanted or needed from a ship or aircraft to make it lighter’. In other words, the
word jettison can be translated into membuang or melempar. Meanwhile, since the
idiom, deadweight, refers to a group of people, it can be paraphrased into mereka.
Therefore, instead of omitting the idiom, it would be better to paraphrase it into
lemparkan mereka or buang mereka. It was just as stated before that according to
Baker (1992) this strategy is employed if the SL idiom has no similar or close
meaning in TL, SL idiom’s meaning is difficult to be paraphrased, or for stylistic
reasons.
C. Other Findings
While analyzing the data, the researcher found other findings related to the
translation strategy. First, there are some idioms which were translated using
Excerpt from 00:32:57 00:33:01 Gutt: First mate, jettison the deadweight. Shira: Aye, aye, sir. Prepare the plank!
Data 7. Omission Strategy Excerpt 2
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
49 strategy which are not proposed by Baker (1992). This strategy is literal
translation. According to Newmark (1988), it means that the SL grammatical
constructions are converted to the nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are
again translated one by one, out of context. In addition, Larson (1984) also
proposes that it attempts to follow the form of source language. From the 140
idioms found, there were three idioms which were translated using literal
translation. One of them is let’s dance. It is a kind of slang words which means
‘an invitation to fight’. In this movie, this idiom was translated by literal
translation into mari berdansa. This translation was not considered as acceptable
translation because in the TL mari berdansa is rarely used as an invitation to
fight. Thus, this idiom lost its idiomatic meaning that is brought by the SL idiom.
Another alternative that can be used to translate this idiom was by paraphrase. It
can be paraphrased into mari bertarung. At least by paraphrasing the idiom, its
idiomatic meaning is still maintained and transferred correctly in TL.
Another finding is that some identical idioms were translated differently.
The example of this case is the translation between kick a little pirate booty and
kick his monkey butt. The word booty and butt are actually have the same because
booty is the slang word for butt which means, they are identical idioms. Its
meaning was ‘to beat or defeat someone’. However, in this movie they were
translated differently. Kick a little pirate booty was translated by paraphrase and it
became menghajar para perompak itu. According to Larson’s theory about a good
translation, this was considered as acceptable. The reason for it was that the
meaning was transferred accurately and clear. Furthermore, by using paraphrase,
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
50 it sounds more natural in the target language. Meanwhile, kick his monkey butt
was translated into tendang pantat kera itu which means, it was not translated
using any strategies which had already proposed by Baker (1992). Thus, this kind
of translation was considered as less acceptable translation. It is because it was not
‘idiom to idiom’ translation. In addition, if it was a result of paraphrase, the
idiomatic meaning of the SL idiom was not transferred accurately. Because this
idiom was translated litrerally, this kind of translation is called literal translation.
Based on Newmark (1988), literal translation transfers the SL text into the nearest
TL equivalents separetely.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter is the last chapter of this research. It consists of two parts,
namely conclusion and recommendation. In the first part, the researcher concludes
the findings and the answers of the problem formulation. The second part consists
of the researcher’s recommendation for translators, English learners and lecturers,
and future researchers.
A. Conclusions
This part is dealing with the research findings of the research. The first
finding is dealt with the categorization of the idioms in the subtitle of Ice Age:
Continental Drift movie. The idioms were categorized based on the combination
between Chaer’s and Fernando’s theory, namely pure idiom, semi idiom, and
literal idiom. All of the idioms found can be categorized based on their theory.
The findings found that there are 140 idioms in the subtitle. There are 81 idioms
or 57.9% which were categorized into pure idiom. It dominates the categories of
all data. For the semi idiom, there are 15 idioms or 10.7%. It is the least compared
to the other two categories. Finally, the number of the last category is 44 idioms
or 31.4%.
The second finding is dealing with the strategies applied in translating the
idioms found in the subtitle. The strategies are referring to strategies which are
proposed by Baker (1992). Those strategies are (1) using idiom of similar
51
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
52 meaning and form, (2) using idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form, (3)
translation by paraphrase, (4) translation by omission. From the data analyzed,
there were 11 idioms or 7.9% employed the first strategy, one idiom or 0.7%
employed the second strategy, 122 idioms or 87.2% employed the third strategy,
and three idioms or 2.1% employed the fourth strategy. Thus, translation by
paraphrase is the strategy which is mostly employed and using idiom with similar
meaning but dissimilar form is the least strategy employed to translate the idioms.
However, there are three idioms or 2.1% which did not use one of those strategies.
Those idioms were translated using literal translation. As a result, the idiomatic
meaning which is brought by the SL idiom is missing from the target language.
Besides, from both findings the researcher pointed out three points. First,
paraphrase strategy was the most applied strategy since there was no equivalence
idiom in target language. Second, the idiom translation strategy proposed by
Baker should be used in order. It was done to create an equivalence idiom in
target language. Finally, the use of literal translation in translating idioms makes
the meaning of the idiom become unidiomatic. In other words, this strategy might
not be recommended in translating the idioms since it makes the idiom lose its
idiomatic meaning in the TL.
B. Recommendations
This part consists of recommendations from the researcher for translators,
English learners and future researchers. The first recommendation is for
translators, especially, those who translate literary works. The researcher
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
53 recommends that translators deepen and sharpen the translators’ knowledge of the
source and target language. Besides, they have to deepen their knowledge in either
source language or target language idioms. Therefore, they can create a better
idiom translation by maintaining the meaning of SL idiom in TL text. Of course
employing an appropriate strategy is needed to achieve a good translation.
The second recommendation is for English learners and lecturers. In order
to help mastering the language, English learners do not only need to broaden their
knowledge toward the English idioms but also their first language idioms. English
learners themselves are not enough. The English lecturers also need to take a part
in helping the English learners by providing necessary theories and practices
about idioms. Thus, the researcher hopes that the findings of this research are able
to be used as a reference.
The last recommendation is for future researchers, especially those who
are going to discuss similar topic. The researcher hopes that this research can be a
useful reference. Moreover, the researcher suggests that they develop more
research toward idioms or idioms translation in literary works.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Nahid, R. & Zarei, A. A. (2012). Idioms: Etymology, contextual pragmatics clues,
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58
APPENDIX. The Applied Categories and Strategies for Idioms in the Subtitle of Ice Age: Continental Drift No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies 1 00:03:26 --> 00:03:28
I heard it, Manny. Whatever it is, it's miles away.
Aku mendengarnya, Manny. Apapun itu, jaraknya sangat jauh
Semi idiom
Paraphrase
2 00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 Peaches, are you all right?
Peaches, kau baik saja?
Literal idiom Paraphrase
3 00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 Relax, it's just where the kids hang out.
Tenanglah, itu hanya tempat nongkrong anak - anak.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
4 00:04:14--> 00:04:15 Come on!
Ayolah!
Literal idiom Paraphrase
5 00:04:32--> 00:04:35 Ethan isn't cute. He's hot.
Ethan tidak lucu, dia seksi.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
6 00:04:49--> 00:04:50 You don't count, Weiner.
Kau tak dihitung, Weiner.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
7 00:04:50--> 00:04:53 Yes, there's my place, and you just put me in it, thank you.
Ya, itulah aku, Aku selalu tak dihitung, terima kasih.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
8 00:04:54--> 00:04:56 We're going home where I can keep an eye on you.
Kita akan pulang supaya aku bisa mengawasimu
Pure idiom Paraphrase
9 00:05:21--> 00:05:23 Yeah, you don't scare me, Mother Nature!
Ya, kau tak bisa menakutiku, Alam!
Semi idiom Paraphrase
10 00:05:31--> 00:05:32 I think we're almost there!
Kurasa kita hampir sampai!
Literal idiom Paraphrase
11 00:05:45 --> 00:05:47 Hey, paws up,
Hei, angkat cakar kalian!
Literal idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
59 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
everybody!
12 00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 Paws down, Uncle, please! That is nasty.
Turunkan cakarmu, paman! Itu menjijikan.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
13 00:06:41 --> 00:06:45 Get off... my face!
Pergilah..,.. Dari wajahku !
Literal idiom Paraphrase
14 00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 I knew it, I knew it! Deep down, I knew I wasn't abandoned!
Aku sudah tahu itu ! Dalam lubuk hatiku, Aku tahu kalau aku tidak dibuang !
Semi idiom Similar meaning and form
15 00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 before her time is up.
Sebelum dia tiada.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
16 00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 We got rid of the crazy bat! Let's go!
Kita sudah menyingkirkan nenek gila itu ! Cepat kita pergi !
Literal idiom Paraphrase
17 00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 Sid will be crushed.
Sid akan kecewa.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
18 00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 Sorry, cookie, things are breaking apart back home.
Maaf, sayang, Rumah kami porak - poranda.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
19 00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 So, we're headed inland. And Granny is just dead weight.
Jadi, kami menuju ke daratan Dan Nenek menjadi penghambat kami.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
20 00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 Your family was wiped out by an asteroid.
Keluargamu dihantam asteroid.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
21 00:09:05 --> 00:09:08 They only wanted to find you so you could take care of Granny.
Mereka hanya ingin menemukanmu Supaya kau menjaga Nenekmu.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
22 00:09:08 --> 00:09:13 Come on, what kind of sick family
Ayolah, keluarga macam apa yang memberikan
Semi idiom Omission
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
60 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
would ditch their Granny on someone?
Neneknya ke orang lain ?
23 00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 Come out, come out wherever you are!
Keluarlah dimanapun kau berada.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
24 00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 What if your dad finds out? I'm not as tough as I look!
Bagaimana jika Ayahmu tahu? Aku tak begitu tangguh!
Literal idiom Paraphrase
25 00:10:10 --> 00:10:11 Go long!
Tangkaplah!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
26 00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 You go. boy!
Kau hebat sekali!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
27 00:10:33 --> 00:10:34 Check me out!
Lihatlah aku!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
28 00:10:57 --> 00:11:00 "Perfect." it's such a strong word. Maybe "adequate."
"Sempurna. " Itu terlalu berlebihan Mungkin "Mencukupi".
Semi idiom Paraphrase
29 00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 Is it Ethan? I bet it's Ethan.
Bukankah itu Ethan ? Kuyakin itu Ethan.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
30 00:11:20 --> 00:11:23 "Okay" doesn't even begin to cover it.
"Oke" Bukan berarti kau tak cantik.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
31 00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 You! Keep away from my daughter.
Kau! Menjauhlah dari puteriku!
Semi idiom Paraphrase
32 00:13:04 --> 00:13:07 Peaches! it's not the end of the world.
Peaches! Ini bukanlah akhir dunia.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
33 00:13:42 --> 00:13:44 - Dad! - Peaches, get back!
- Ayah! - Peaches, mundurlah!
Literal idiom Paraphrase
34 00:13:55 --> 00:13:57 - Diego!
- Diego ! - Kau tak akan bisa
Pure idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
61 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
- You never would have made it!
berhasil!
35 00:14:39 --> 00:14:43 Ellie, you have to get out of here! Go! Go now!
Ellie, kau harus pergi dari sini! Pergilah! Pergilah sekarang!
Literal idiom Paraphrase
36 00:18:41 --> 00:18:42 Holy crab!
Astaga!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
37 00:19:14 --> 00:19:15 We made it!
Kita selamat!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
38 00:20:11 --> 00:20:13 and we'll make it to the land bridge before you know it.
Dan sampai ke Jembatan Daratan sebelum kau menyadarinya.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
39 00:20:57 --> 00:20:59 For once, he's actually right.
Harus kukatakan, dia benar.
Literal idiom Omission
40 00:21:07 --> 00:21:09 Trying to make me get up if I don't want to get up.
Mencoba membuatku bangun Walau aku tak ingin bangun.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
41 00:21:20 --> 00:21:22 Hey, fats, you want to get me out of here?
Hei, gendut, bisa keluarkan aku dari sini ?
Literal idiom Paraphrase
42 00:21:40 --> 00:21:41 Thanks for drawing my bath, Sidney.
Terima kasih sudah membuatku mandi, Sidney.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
43 00:22:09 --> 00:22:12 A lady can't take a bath in peace?
Tak bisakah wanita mandi dengan tenang ?
Literal idiom Paraphrase
44 00:22:09 --> 00:22:12 Eyeballing me like a rump roast.
melihatku seolah aku makanan.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
45 00:25:36 --> 00:25:39 Four passengers. Ripe for the taking.
Empat penumpang. Mereka siap kita renggut.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
62 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies 46 00:26:52 --> 00:26:55
Get ready to slice and dice, boys.
Bersiaplah untuk membelah mereka.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
47 00:26:55 --> 00:26:56 - Knock it off, Squint. - Hey!
- Tenanglah, Squint. - Hei !
Pure idiom Paraphrase
48 00:27:47 --> 00:27:50 You can sail to Switchback Cove and catch the current back from there.
Kau bisa berlayar ke Teluk Aliran Balik Dan menunggangi aliran air disana.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
49 00:27:50 --> 00:27:53 It's like a steel trap, this noggin is.
Tempat itu seperti tak tertembus, tapi ada jalannya.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
50 00:28:09 --> 00:28:10 Battle stations!
Bersiap bertempur!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
51 00:28:16 --> 00:28:18 Fly the colors!
Kibarkan benderanya!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
52 00:29:05 --> 00:29:07 Lights out, big fella.
Tidurlah, makhluk besar.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
53 00:29:33 --> 00:29:35 Dance your coconuts off!
Menarilah dengan semangat.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
54 00:29:42 --> 00:29:44 Look at him.
Lihatlah dia.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
55 00:29:58 --> 00:29:59 Morning, sunshine.
Selamat pagi, semuanya.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
56 00:30:07 --> 00:30:08 Nothing gets by you, does it?
Tak ada yang bisa menipumu 'ya ?
Pure idiom Paraphrase
57 00:31:02 --> 00:31:04 - He rescued us - He saved our butts
- Dia menyelamatkan kami. - Dia menyelamatkan nyawa kami.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
58 00:31:19 --> 00:31:20 Hey, hands off.
Hei, lepaskan tanganmu.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
63 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies 59 00:31:22 --> 00:31:24
Here we are on a ship Moving at quite a clip
Kita berada di atas kapal Bergerak maju perlahan..,..
Pure idiom Paraphrase
60 00:31:50 --> 00:31:51 Oh, please.
Oh, sudahlah. Literal idiom Paraphrase
61 00:32:32 --> 00:32:33 I still don't get it.
Aku masih tak paham.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
62 00:32:49 --> 00:32:50 Let me at him!
Lepaskan aku!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
63 00:32:57 --> 00:32:59 First mate, jettison the deadweight.
Kelasi Pertama, persiapkan papannya.
Literal idiom Omission
64 00:34:02 --> 00:34:04 Come on, Manny, kick his monkey butt!
Ayolah, Manny, tendang pantat kera itu!
Pure idiom Literal translation
65 00:35:11 --> 00:35:12 Should I fly the white, captain?
Apa harus kukibarkan bendera putih, Kapten ?
Semi idiom Similar meaning and form
66 00:35:31 --> 00:35:32 Here, grab hold.
Kemarilah, Berpeganganlah.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
67 00:35:56 --> 00:35:58 That makes you the punch line, kitty.
Itu membuatmu berhutang pada kami, kucing.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
68 00:37:42 --> 00:37:43 Try and get our minds of fall this stuff.
Mencoba membuat pikiran kita tenang.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
69 00:37:54 --> 00:37:57 It's totally no big deal, but you might want to lose the mole hog.
Ini bukan masalah besar, Tapi jangan ajak landak penggali itu.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
70 00:38:57 --> 00:39:00 They think we're screw-ups and we can't do anything right.
Mereka berpikir kita pengacau Dan tak bisa melakukan hal yang benar.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
64 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies 71 00:39:14 --> 00:39:16
We'll never make it home on this thing.
Kita tak akan bisa pulang dengan benda ini.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
72 00:39:23 --> 00:39:24 - Crybaby!
- Pengecut! - Penakut !
Pure idiom Paraphrase
73 00:40:01 --> 00:40:04 Look at me, I've wasted away.
Lihatlah aku, aku sangat kurus sekali.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
74 00:40:11 --> 00:40:13 Okay, snack time is over.
Baik, waktu makan berakhir.
Pure idiom Literal translation
75 00:40:56 --> 00:40:57 Let go of me.
Lepaskan aku.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
76 00:41:02 --> 00:41:04 Switchback Cove.
Teluk Aliran Balik.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
77 00:41:11 --> 00:41:13 Yeah, you little runts. Get to work.
Ya, dasar tikus kecil, cepat bekerja!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
78 00:41:53 --> 00:41:55 - our prisoner has a point.
- Tawanan kita ada benarnya juga
Pure idiom Paraphrase
79 00:42:52 --> 00:42:53 Yeah, knock yourself out.
Ya, buktikan dirimu.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
80 00:43:34 --> 00:43:35 Yup, they're in.
Yap, mereka ikut.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
81 00:43:38 --> 00:43:40 to kick a little pirate booty.
Untuk menghajar para perompak itu.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
82 00:44:14 --> 00:44:18 You have a way of saying "thank you" that makes it sound like "drop dead."
Kau punya cara bilang "terima kasih" Yang mengesankan seperti "putus asa."
Pure idiom Paraphrase
83 00:44:50 --> 00:44:53 Oh, great, are we going to
Oh, bagus, apa kita saling Memahami satu
Pure idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
65 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
braid each other's fur now?
sama lain, sekarang ?
84 00:45:11--> 00:45:12 We have each other's backs.
Kami saling membantu.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
85 00:45:25 --> 00:45:26 He has no idea what he's up against.
Dia tak tahu apa yang dia hadapi.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
86 00:46:14 --> 00:46:15 Of course, Captain.
Tentu saja, Kapten. Literal idiom Paraphrase
87 00:46:15 --> 00:46:18 We're setting sail for vengeance, lads.
Kita akan berlayar Untuk balas dendam.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
88 00:46:32 --> 00:46:36 Did you sink your fangs into him?
Apa kau menancapkan taringmu padanya ?
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
89 00:46:32 --> 00:46:36 Did he beg for his life?
Apa dia memohon untuk hidupnya?
Literal idiom Paraphrase
90 00:46:36 --> 00:46:38 No, the saber took me down.
Tidak, si harimau itu melumpuhkanku.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
91 00:47:06 --> 00:47:09 Out of my way, saber.
Minggirlah dari jalanku, Harimau.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
92 00:48:02 --> 00:48:04 Let me at him! Yeah!
Berikan dia padaku! Yah!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
93 00:49:28 --> 00:49:30 - It worked, he bought it!
- Itu berhasil, dia terpancing!
Pure idiom Paraphrase
94 00:49:32 --> 00:49:35 I know, I'm having a blast.
Aku tahu, aku merasa akan meledak.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
95 00:49:35 --> 00:49:38 No, pinhead, they're stealing my ship.
Bukan, bodoh, mereka mencuri kapalku.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
96 00:49:59 --> 00:50:02 Come on, we've got to
Ayo, kita harus mengejarnya
Pure idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
66 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
catch it before it hits open water!
Sebelum berada diperairan terbuka!
97 00:51:29 --> 00:51:32 I can't hold on much longer.
Aku tak bisa menahannya lebih lama lagi.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
98 00:51:50 --> 00:51:52 I've got your back.
Aku akan melindungimu.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
99 00:52:17 --> 00:52:20 So long, banana breath.
Usaha yang bagus, nafas pisang.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
100 00:55:22 --> 00:55:24 - This is so cool. - It's like we're upside down.
- Ini sangat keren. - Seolah kita terbalik.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
101 00:55:22 --> 00:55:24 - This is so cool. - It's like we're upside down.
- Ini sangat keren. - Seolah kita terbalik.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
102 00:55:38 --> 00:55:40 Yeah, come clean, Peaches.
Ya, jawab yang jujur, Peaches.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
103 00:55:55 --> 00:55:56 Busted.
Ketahuan.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
104 00:56:06 --> 00:56:08 He even runs away like a loser.
Dia bahkan lari seperti pecundang.
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
105 00:56:18 --> 00:56:22 I know, right? This humidity, I can't stand it.
Kau tahu 'kan ? Kelembaban ini, aku tak tahan lagi.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
106 00:56:45 --> 00:56:48 Hey, Peach, loosen up! Have some fun.
Hei, Peach, tenanglah! Tadi menyenangkan.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
107 00:57:16 --> 00:57:18 We're the same species, genius.
Kita spesies yang sama, bodoh.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
108 00:57:58 --> 00:58:02 I'll push him
Aku akan mendorongnya ke
Pure idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
67 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
overboard. You guys say it was an accident.
laut. Kau anggap saja itu kecelakaan.
109 00:58:14 --> 00:58:17 I can't eat, can't sleep. Maybe I'm coming down with something.
Aku tak bisa makan, tak bisa tidur. Mungkin sesuatu sedang menimpaku.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
110 00:58:41 --> 00:58:44 Shira's gotten under your skin.
Shira membuatmu jatuh cinta.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
111 00:58:49 --> 00:58:52 No, no, no. You guys are dead wrong.
Tidak, tidak, tidak. Kalian salah mengiranya.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
112 01:00:21 --> 01:00:24 Wait a minute. Ellie would never say that.
Tunggu dulu. Ellie Tak pernah mengatakan itu.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
113 01:02:54 --> 01:02:56 We need to keep a lookout for home.
Kita harus terus mencari jalan pulang.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
114 01:03:10 --> 01:03:12 You can't take your eyes off her for one minute.
Kau tak bisa mengalihkan matamu darinya.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
115 01:01:21 --> 01:01:23 Five more seconds and we'd have been goners.
Lima detik saja Dan kita pasti sudah mati.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
116 01:03:17--> 01:03:18 Hey, brain trust...
Hei, juru kemudi ..,..
Pure idiom Paraphrase
117 01:03:18 --> 01:03:20 brace for impact.
Bersiaplah untuk tabrakan.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
118 01:03:51 --> 01:03:54 You ever say something you knew you couldn't take back?
Kau pernah bilang sesuatu yang tak bisa kau tarik lagi?
Pure idiom Similar meaning and form
119 01:03:55 --> 01:03:57 I messed up so bad,
Aku begitu sangat kacau, Ibu.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
68 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies
Mom.
120 01:03:59 --> 01:04:03 Cute boys can whiplash your brain. No doubt about that.
Seorang pemuda memang bisa mengacaukan otakmu. Tak perlu diragukan lagi.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
121 01:04:05 --> 01:04:06 And you figured it out.
Dan kau sudah menyadarinya.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
122 01:04:14 --> 01:04:16 What's going on?
Apa yang terjadi?
Literal idiom Paraphrase
123 01:06:44 --> 01:06:46 I'm just returning the favor.
Aku hanya ingin semuanya impas.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
124 01:07:02 --> 01:07:04 Who brought the muscle to the party?
Siapa yang membawa tukang pukul ke pesta ?
Pure idiom Paraphrase
125 01:07:32 --> 01:07:34 Let's dance, hero.
Mari berdansa, pahlawan.
Pure idiom Literal translation
126 01:08:06 --> 01:08:07 Let me at him.
Biarkan kulawan mereka.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
127 01:08:25 --> 01:08:28 Well, I guess we showed them, huh?
Kurasa mereka takut pada kita.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
128 01:08:34 --> 01:08:36 Maybe that crazy old bat isn't that crazy after all.
Kurasa Nenek tua ini tak gila sama sekali.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
129 01:08:39 --> 01:08:40 Nope, she's nuts.
Tidak, dia memang gila.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
130 01:08:44 --> 01:08:45 Get in.
Masuklah.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
131 01:09:14 --> 01:09:15 Back off.
Mundur.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
132 01:09:29 --> 01:09:30 piracy doesn't pay.
Perompak tak tahu aturan.
Semi idiom Paraphrase
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
69 No English Version Indonesian Version Categories Strategies 133 01:10:29 --> 01:10:31
Payback time.
Saatnya membalas dendam.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
134 01:10:58 --> 01:11:00 My daughter's all grown up.
Puteriku sudah dewasa.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
135 01:11:50 --> 01:11:53 you won't take up much space once I flatten you.
Kau tak akan memakan tempat Setelah aku menggencetmu.
Pure idiom Similar meaning but dissimilar form
136 01:13:37 --> 01:13:40 I told you your father would never give up on us.
Sudah kubilang, Ayahmu tak akan menyerah mencari kita.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
137 01:14:18 --> 01:14:20 you never leave a friend behind.
Kau tak akan pernah meninggalkan temanmu.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
138 01:15:40 --> 01:15:43 You heard me. You two should go out and explore.
Kalian mendengarku. Kalian boleh pergi dan menjelajah.
Literal idiom Paraphrase
139 01:15:44 --> 01:15:45 Go where the day takes you.
Pergilah selama matahari bersinar.
Pure idiom Paraphrase
140 01:16:01 --> 01:16:03 Okay if we hang with you guys?
Hei, boleh kami bergabung dengan kalian ?
Pure idiom Paraphrase
Frequency of the use of idiom categories No. Categories Frequency Percentage 1. Pure Idiom 81 57.9% 2. Semi Idiom 15 10.7% 3. Literal Idiom 44 31.4%
Total 140 100%
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
70 Frequency of the use of idiom translation strategies
No Strategies Frequencies Percentage 1. Similar Meaning and Form 11 7.9% 2. Similar Meaning Dissimilar Form 1 0.7% 3. Paraphrase 122 87.2% 4. Omission 3 2.1% 5. Literal Translation 3 2.1%
Total 140 100%
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI